Chemosphere最新文献_第5页

DGT and kinetic analyses differentiate Se and Cd bioavailability in naturally enriched paddy soils DGT 和动力学分析区分了天然富集稻田土壤中硒和镉的生物利用率。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143791

Chao Zhang , Dong-Xing Guan , Paul N. Williams , Guo-Bing Lin , Xiao-Lei Chen , Lena Q. Ma

Naturally selenium (Se)-rich soils often contain elevated cadmium (Cd) levels, complicating safe production of Se-enriched rice. This study employed diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and DGT-induced fluxes in soils (DIFS) model to determine Se and Cd bioavailability in paddy soils. We investigated desorption kinetics and accumulation patterns in rice using paired rhizosphere and grain samples from 65 field sites in Guangxi, China, encompassing Se-enriched karst and non-karst soils. Despite greater total Se and Cd contents in karst soils, their elevated pH, along with greater soil organic matter and total Fe, Mn, and Ca contents, constrained Se and Cd bioavailability, resulting in similar accumulation levels in rice grains from both soil categories. DIFS-derived kinetic data revealed that Se was replenished 75.4 times faster than Cd, but Cd had an 83.2 times larger labile pool, leading to a stronger overall Cd resupply capacity. DGT-based labile Se:Cd molar ratios showed that rice Cd content declined sharply as the ratio increased from 0.7 to 4.0, stabilizing at its lowest level when exceeding 20. Moreover, DGT measurements demonstrated stronger correlations with grain Se and Cd concentrations compared to traditional methods. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of DGT and kinetic analyses in determining Se and Cd bioavailability in high-background paddy soils, offering insights for balancing Se fortification and Cd risk mitigation in rice production.

富含硒（Se）的天然土壤往往含有较高的镉（Cd），这使得富硒水稻的安全生产变得更加复杂。本研究采用薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）和 DGT 诱导的土壤通量（DIFS）模型来区分水稻田土壤中硒和镉的生物利用率。我们使用来自中国广西 65 个田间地头的成对根瘤菌和谷物样本研究了水稻的解吸动力学和积累模式，其中包括富含硒的岩溶土壤和非岩溶土壤。尽管喀斯特土壤中的硒和镉总含量较高，但其较高的 pH 值、土壤有机质以及铁、锰和钙的总含量限制了硒和镉的生物利用率，导致两类土壤中的水稻籽粒具有相似的积累水平。DIFS 衍生动力学数据显示，硒的补充速度是镉的 75.4 倍，但镉的可利用池是硒的 83.2 倍，因此镉的总体补给能力更强。基于 DGT 的硒镉摩尔比显示，随着摩尔比从 0.7 增加到 4.0，水稻的镉含量急剧下降，当摩尔比超过 20 时，镉含量稳定在最低水平。此外，与传统方法相比，DGT 测量结果与谷物中的硒和镉浓度具有更强的相关性。我们的研究结果凸显了 DGT 和动力学分析在区分高背景稻田土壤中硒和镉生物利用率方面的有效性，为平衡水稻生产中的硒强化和镉风险缓解提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Reduction of tobacco alkaloid bioaccumulation in pea shoots: A comparative study of biochar derived from cow dung and maize straw 减少烟草生物碱在豌豆嫩芽中的生物累积：牛粪和玉米秸秆制成的生物炭的比较研究。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143633

Yadong Cheng , Yuxiang Bai , Hui Yao , Xiao Wang , Yuan Yuan , Xiaojian He , Shibao Lv , Xiangwei You , Hao Zheng , Yiqiang Li

Tobacco alkaloids in tobacco-cultivated soils pose potential risks for succeeding crops, due to their allelopathy and toxicity. Effects of biochar on the dissipation of tobacco alkaloids in soil-crop systems remain poorly understood. In this study, a 40-day pot experiment was conducted to explore the effect of cow dung biochar (CDBC) and maize straw biochar (MSBC) on the uptake of nicotine and nornicotine by pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their dissipation in an agricultural soil. The results revealed that the bioaccumulation of nicotine and nornicotine by pea shoots in the soils added with CDBC and MSBC at 1.5% and 3.0% significantly decreased by 46.97–79.13% and 33.64–71.59%, respectively. CDBC more effectively decreased the uptake and bioaccumulation of nicotine and nornicotine by pea shoots than MSBC due to the higher soil pH and nutrient content. In addition, the enhanced relative abundances of soil nicotine-degrading bacteria belonging to the genera Arthrobacter and Gemmatimonas also contributed to the decreasing uptake of nicotine by pea plants. The decreased bioavailability in the soils due to the increased adsorption was the key factor for the reduced bioaccumulation of tobacco alkaloids. This study provides guidance to protect subsequent crops in tobacco-cultivated soil from tobacco alkaloids with biochar.

烟草栽培土壤中的烟草生物碱因其等位效应和毒性而对后茬作物构成潜在风险。生物炭对土壤-作物系统中烟草生物碱消散的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究进行了一项为期 40 天的盆栽实验，以探讨牛粪生物炭（CDBC）和玉米秸秆生物炭（MSBC）对豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）吸收烟碱和烟碱及其在农业土壤中消散的影响。结果表明，在添加了 1.5% CDBC 和 3.0% MSBC 的土壤中，豌豆芽对尼古丁和烟碱的生物累积量分别显著降低了 46.97%-79.13% 和 33.64%-71.59% 。由于土壤 pH 值和养分含量较高，CDBC 比 MSBC 更有效地降低了豌豆芽对尼古丁和烟碱的吸收和生物累积。此外，土壤中属于节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）和革马提那菌属（Gemmatimonas）的尼古丁降解细菌的相对丰度增加，也有助于降低豌豆植物对尼古丁的吸收。土壤中生物利用率的降低是烟草生物碱生物累积减少的关键因素。这项研究为利用生物炭保护烟草栽培土壤中的后茬作物免受烟草生物碱的危害提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of extraction and storage conditions for quantification and characterization of silver nanoparticles in complex samples by single particle-ICP-MS 评估利用单颗粒-ICP-MS 对复杂样品中的纳米银颗粒进行定量和定性的提取和储存条件。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143460

Sebastian Kuehr , Boris Meisterjahn , Nicola Schroeder , Christian Schlechtriem , Kuria Ndungu , Anastasia Georgantzopoulou

The extraction of nanoparticles (NPs) from complex matrices and subsequent storage can potentially alter the NPs physicochemical properties and hinder cross-study comparisons. Most NPs extraction methods are designed and tested at high NPs concentrations, although (eco)toxicological and regulatory monitoring programs require methods capable of analyzing NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations (lower ppb range). In this study, we investigated how extraction methods affect the characteristics of PVP coated and citrate-stabilized silver NPs (AgNPs) spiked into soil, sewage sludge, and biological samples at environmentally relevant concentrations using Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry spICP-MS). Further we investigated the impact of storage temperature (-80 °C – 21 °C) and storage duration (1–28 days) on the particle characteristics such as particle size.

We found that aqueous AgNPs samples with low ionic strength media retained their original characteristics (like particle size, particle concentration and particle-based Ag mass) when preserved at 4 °C for up to 28 days. AgNPs dispersed in high ionic strength media were however better preserved at −80 °C. Among the extraction agents, tetrasodium pyrophosphate was efficient in extracting AgNPs from soil and sewage sludge matrices, while Proteinase K was most suitable for biological samples from organisms (earthworms or fish).

Although our study focused only on AgNPs, it provides crucial information to aid interlaboratory comparisons and data interpretation for (eco)toxicological studies.

从复杂基质中提取纳米粒子（NPs）以及随后的储存可能会改变 NPs 的物理化学特性，并妨碍交叉研究比较。大多数 NP 提取方法都是在高浓度纳米粒子的条件下设计和测试的，而（生态）毒理学和监管监测计划需要能够在环境相关浓度（低 ppb 范围）下分析 NPs 的方法。在本研究中，我们使用单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法（Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry spICP-MS）研究了萃取方法如何影响在土壤、污水污泥和生物样品中添加环境相关浓度的 PVP 涂层和柠檬酸盐稳定银纳米粒子（AgNPs）的特性。此外，我们还研究了储存温度（-80°C 至 21°C）和储存时间（1-28 天）对粒径等颗粒特性的影响。我们发现，低离子强度介质的 AgNPs 水溶液样品在 4°C 下保存长达 28 天后，仍能保持其原有特性（如粒度、颗粒浓度和基于颗粒的银质量）。然而，分散在高离子强度介质中的 AgNPs 在 -80°C 下保存得更好。在萃取剂中，焦磷酸钠从土壤和污水污泥基质中萃取 AgNPs 的效率更高，而蛋白酶 K 则更适合生物（蚯蚓或鱼）的生物样本。虽然我们的研究只侧重于 AgNPs，但它为实验室间比较和（生态）毒理学研究的数据解释提供了重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

CB[6]/ZnO chelated superoleophobic-hydrophilic PVDF membranes for one-step remediation of multi-contaminant in wastewater CB[6]/ZnO螯合超疏水性-亲水性聚偏二氟乙烯膜用于一步法修复废水中的多种污染物。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143637

Triparna Chakraborty , Dharmveer Yadav , Lokesh Kumar Sahu , Manoj Kumar Pandey , Sumit Saxena , Shobha Shukla

Industrial wastewater, despite undergoing primary and secondary treatments with conventional methods, continues to pose challenges due to the presence of multiple contaminants. Membrane separation has emerged as an effective solution to streamline the treatment process, yet it often results in surface fouling. This study introduces a single platform designed for simultaneous removal of dyes, oils, and proteins during the tertiary treatment stage, thereby eliminating the need for multiple separation steps. To enhance membrane robustness and address common fouling issues, polyvinylidene fluoride-montmorillonite-cucurbit[6]uril/zinc oxide (PV-M-CB[6]ZnO) mixed-matrix membranes have been developed. The incorporation of montmorillonite (M), cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) host-guest encapsulation, and zinc metal chelation significantly improves the membrane's capability in eliminating cationic dyes, treating oil-water emulsions, and separating bovine serum albumin. With an optimal CB[6]/ZnO loading of 1.6 wt%, the PV-M-CB[6]ZnO membranes exhibit superior performance with high water permeability (4114 L/m².h.bar) and exceptional separation efficiencies: 95.5% for malachite green, 93.2% for methylene blue, and 98.2% for crystal violet, compared to pristine PVDF membranes. Additionally, these membranes demonstrate an impressive oil-water rejection rate of 97.6% and a bovine serum albumin rejection rate of 76%, with a flux recovery ratio exceeding 86% after seven filtration cycles. Thus, the PV-M-CB[6]ZnO membranes offer enhanced hydrophilicity, improved antifouling properties, and increased efficiency for the removal of multiple contaminants from industrial wastewater, providing a promising solution for sustainable environmental remediation.

工业废水尽管经过了传统方法的一级和二级处理，但由于存在多种污染物，仍然面临着挑战。膜分离已成为简化处理过程的有效解决方案，但它往往会导致表面堵塞。本研究引入了一个单一平台，旨在三级处理阶段同时去除染料、油和蛋白质，从而省去了多个分离步骤。为了增强膜的稳健性并解决常见的污垢问题，开发了聚偏氟乙烯-蒙脱土-葫芦[6]脲/氧化锌（PV-M-CB[6]ZnO）混合基质膜。蒙脱石（M）、葫芦[6]脲（CB[6]）主-客体封装和金属锌螯合的加入大大提高了膜在去除阳离子染料、处理油-水乳剂和分离牛血清白蛋白方面的能力。PV-M-CB[6]ZnO 膜的最佳 CB[6]/ZnO 负载为 1.6 wt%，性能优越，具有高透水性（4114 L/m2.h.bar）和优异的分离效率：与原始 PVDF 膜相比，孔雀石绿的分离效率为 95.5%，亚甲基蓝的分离效率为 93.2%，结晶紫的分离效率为 98.2%。此外，这些膜的油水截留率高达 97.6%，牛血清白蛋白截留率达 76%，经过七个过滤周期后，通量回收率超过 86%。因此，PV-M-CB[6]ZnO 膜具有更强的亲水性、更好的防污性能和更高的效率，可用于去除工业废水中的多种污染物，为可持续环境修复提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Different paths, same destination: Bisphenol A and its substitute induce the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes 殊途同归双酚 A 及其替代品诱导抗生素抗性基因的共轭转移。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143625

Jinrui Xiong , Siyuan Hu , Zhixiang Xu, Caiqing Li, Zihui Li, Siyuan Li, Yitao Ma, Xiaomin Ren, Bin Huang, Xuejun Pan

Antibiotic resistance genes are primarily spread through horizontal gene transfer in aquatic environments. Bisphenols, which are widely used in industry, are pervasive contaminants in such environments. This study investigated how environmentally relevant concentrations of bisphenol A and its substitute (bisphenol S, Bisphenol AP and Bisphenol AF) affect the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among Escherichia coli. As a result, bisphenol A and its three substitutes were found to promote the RP4 plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes with different promotive efficiency. Particularly, bisphenol A and bisphenol S were found to induce more than double the incidence of conjugation at 0.1 nmol/L concentration. They therefore were selected as model compounds to investigate the involved mechanisms. Surprisingly, both slightly inhibited bacterial activity, but there was no significant increase in cell death. Bisphenols exposure changed the polymeric substances excreted by the bacteria, increased the permeability of their cell membranes, induced the secretion of antioxidant enzymes and generated reactive oxygen species. They also affected the expression of genes related to conjugative transfer by upregulating replication and DNA transfer genes and downregulating global regulatory genes. It should be noted that gene expression levels were higher in the BPS-exposed group than in the BPA-exposed group. The synthesis of bacterial metabolites and functional components was also significantly affected by bisphenols exposure. This research has helped to clarify the potential health risks of bisphenol contamination of aquatic environments.

抗生素耐药性基因主要通过水生环境中的水平基因转移传播。在工业中广泛使用的双酚是此类环境中普遍存在的污染物。本研究调查了环境相关浓度的双酚 A 及其替代品（双酚 S、双酚 AP 和双酚 AF）如何影响抗生素耐药基因在大肠杆菌中的传播。结果发现，双酚 A 及其三种替代物能促进 RP4 质粒介导的抗生素抗性基因的共轭转移，其促进效率各不相同。特别是双酚 A 和双酚 S，在 0.1 nmol/L 浓度下，它们诱导的共轭发生率是原来的两倍多。因此，我们选择这两种化合物作为模型化合物来研究其中的机制。令人惊讶的是，这两种化合物都能轻微抑制细菌的活性，但细胞死亡并没有显著增加。接触双酚会改变细菌排泄的聚合物质，增加其细胞膜的渗透性，诱导抗氧化酶的分泌，并产生活性氧。它们还通过上调复制和 DNA 转移基因以及下调全局调控基因，影响与共轭转移相关的基因表达。值得注意的是，暴露于 BPS 组的基因表达水平高于暴露于 BPA 组。细菌代谢物和功能成分的合成也受到双酚暴露的显著影响。这项研究有助于澄清双酚污染水生环境对健康的潜在危害。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing toxicity of amorphous nanoplastics in airway- and lung epithelial cells using air-liquid interface models 利用气液界面模型评估无定形纳米塑料在气道和肺上皮细胞中的毒性。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143702

I.F. Gosselink , F.J. van Schooten , M.J. Drittij , E.M. Höppener , P. Leonhardt , E. Moschini , T. Serchi , A.C. Gutleb , I.M. Kooter , A.H. Remels

Background

Inhalation is one of the main exposure routes to nanoplastics. Knowledge of the toxicological impact of nanoplastics on the airway- and lung epithelium is limited and almost exclusively based on submerged in vitro models using spherical polystyrene (PS) particles.

Methods

Mono-cultures and advanced (co-)cultures of human bronchial- and alveolar epithelial cells, all air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures, were exposed to nanoplastics and reference nanoparticles. Alveolar models included A549 mono-cultures and A549 cells co-cultured with endothelial cells (Ea.hy926) and macrophage-like cells (differentiated THP-1). Bronchial models included BEAS-2B cells and differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC). Cultures were exposed to PS, copper(II) oxide (CuO) or titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (50 nm). Additionally, BEAS-2B cells were exposed to well-characterised, amorphous polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), or polyamide (PA) nanoplastics. Cytotoxicity and inflammation (IL-8 secretion and IL-8 transcript levels) were assessed after 24 h of exposure.

Results

Cell viability remained unaffected by all exposures in all models. Unlike PS and TiO₂, CuO exposure dose-dependently induced IL-8 protein secretion and mRNA levels. Although the extent of IL-8 secretion differed between models, the relative response to CuO was similar in both mono-cultures and advanced (co-)cultures. None of the environmentally relevant nanoplastics (PVC, PA or PP) impacted inflammation or cell viability in BEAS-2B ALI cultures.

Conclusion

Although CuO induced inflammation, PS failed to elicit an inflammatory response in any of our models. For the first time, we show that PVC, PA and PP do not induce cell death or inflammation in a BEAS-2B ALI model.

背景：吸入是纳米塑料的主要接触途径之一。有关纳米塑料对气道和肺上皮细胞毒理影响的知识十分有限，而且几乎完全基于使用球形聚苯乙烯（PS）颗粒的浸没体外模型：方法：将人类支气管和肺泡上皮细胞的单培养物和高级（共）培养物（均为气液界面（ALI）培养物）暴露于纳米塑料和参考纳米粒子。肺泡模型包括 A549 单培养物和与内皮细胞（Ea.hy926）和巨噬细胞样细胞（分化的 THP-1）共培养的 A549 细胞。支气管模型包括 BEAS-2B 细胞和分化的原发性支气管上皮细胞（PBEC）。培养物暴露于 PS、氧化铜（II）（CuO）或二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米颗粒（50 nm）。此外，BEAS-2B 细胞还接触了特性良好的无定形聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚丙烯（PP）或聚酰胺（PA）纳米塑料。暴露 24 小时后，对细胞毒性和炎症（IL-8 分泌和 IL-8 转录水平）进行评估：结果：在所有模型中，细胞活力不受所有暴露的影响。与 PS 和 TiO2 不同，CuO 暴露剂量依赖性地诱导 IL-8 蛋白分泌和 mRNA 水平。虽然不同模型分泌 IL-8 的程度不同，但在单培养基和高级（共）培养基中，对 CuO 的相对反应相似。与环境相关的纳米塑料（PVC、PA 或 PP）都不会影响 BEAS-2B ALI 培养物中的炎症或细胞活力：结论：尽管氧化铜会诱发炎症，但 PS 在我们的任何模型中都未能引起炎症反应。我们首次证明，在 BEAS-2B ALI 模型中，PVC、PA 和 PP 不会诱导细胞死亡或炎症反应。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the use of different types of quaternary treated wastewater effluents in carrot crops growing: Uptake and accumulation of contaminants of emerging concern in soil-plant system and human health implications 在胡萝卜作物生长过程中使用不同类型的四级处理废水的影响：土壤-植物系统中新出现的关注污染物的吸收和积累及其对人类健康的影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143697

L. Benelhadj, P.A. Nortes-Tortosa, J.J. Alarcón, L. Ponce-Robles

引用次数: 0

Preparation of red mud-modified sludge char through microwave-assisted one-step pyrolysis and steam activation and its adsorption properties for hydrogen sulfide 通过微波辅助一步热解和蒸汽活化制备赤泥改性污泥炭及其对硫化氢的吸附性能。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143723

Mengyao Zhu, Mingtao Hu, Wenyi Deng, Yaxin Su

To improve the hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) adsorption performance of sludge-derived char, a type of red mud-modified sludge char (RSC) was prepared through microwave-assisted one-step pyrolysis and steam activation of sludge and red mud (RM). The effects of pyrolysis temperature, RM mass percentage, and steam flow rate on the cumulative adsorption capacity of H₂S were systematically investigated using response surface method. The results indicated that the sludge char showed a significant increase in cumulative adsorption capacity from 1.47 mg/g to 22.83 mg/g when it was modified with RM at a pyrolysis temperature of 625 °C, a mass percentage of RM of 20%, and a steam flow rate of 0.46 mmol/min. The XRD and XPS analysis results indicated that the RM doping generated abundant iron oxides on the surface of RSC, which is beneficial for the adsorption of H₂S. Adsorption thermodynamics, isotherm fitting and thermodynamic calculations indicate that the adsorption mechanism of H₂S on the RSC surface was attributed to the combined effects of physisorption and chemisorption. Additionally, the material exhibited reliable reusability, retaining more than 80% of its initial breakthrough capacity after three adsorption-regeneration cycles. Therefore, the RSC prepared in this study can be regarded as a promising adsorbent due to its low cost, effective adsorption capabilities, and reusability. The developed method is promising as it achieves environmental remediation through the utilization of waste sludge and RM.

为了提高污泥制备的炭对硫化氢（H2S）的吸附性能，研究人员通过微波辅助一步热解和蒸汽活化污泥和赤泥（RM）制备了一种赤泥改性污泥炭（RSC）。采用响应面法系统研究了热解温度、赤泥质量百分比和蒸汽流量对 H2S 累积吸附量的影响。结果表明，在热解温度为 625 ℃、RM 质量百分比为 20%、蒸汽流速为 0.46 mmol/min 的条件下，用 RM 对污泥炭进行改性后，污泥炭的累积吸附容量从 1.47 mg/g 显著增加到 22.83 mg/g。XRD 和 XPS 分析结果表明，RM 的掺杂在 RSC 表面生成了丰富的铁氧化物，有利于 H2S 的吸附。吸附热力学、等温线拟合和热力学计算表明，H2S 在 RSC 表面的吸附机理归因于物理吸附和化学吸附的共同作用。此外，该材料还表现出可靠的可重复使用性，经过三次吸附-再生循环后，其初始突破能力仍保持在 80% 以上。因此，本研究制备的 RSC 因其低成本、有效的吸附能力和可重复使用性，可被视为一种前景广阔的吸附剂。所开发的方法通过利用废弃污泥和 RM 实现了环境修复，因此前景广阔。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating drinking water treatment residuals as an in-situ capping material for metal-contaminated sediments 评估将饮用水处理残留物作为金属污染沉积物的就地封盖材料。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143712

Jingru Wei , Yulin Zheng , Lang Zhou , Kevin J. Kroll , Samuel M. Wallace , Nancy D. Denslow , Jean-François Gaillard , Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo

This study evaluated drinking water treatment residuals (DWTR) as an in-situ capping material for metal-contaminated sediments using Gust-chamber experiments. Metal release from non-capped and DWTR-capped sediments was measured under increasing shear stress (τ) from 0.05 to 0.4 Pa. Fathead minnow (FHM) juveniles (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to water from these sediments in 96-h bioassays to assess DWTR's efficacy in reducing metal toxicity. Sand was used as an inert capping material for comparison. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) assessed DWTR's impact on vertical metal concentration profiles in sediment pore water and overlying water, with concentrations determined by ICP-MS. Without capping, increasing τ raised metal concentrations in the overlying water from 45 to 95 mg/L for Cd and Zn, 4–10 mg/L for Cu, and 2–4 mg/L for Pb. Sand capping reduced these levels, with Cd and Zn ranging from 4 to 21 mg/L, Cu from 0.26 to 0.63 mg/L, and Pb from 0.051 to 0.23 mg/L. DWTR capping significantly lowered metal concentrations in the overlying water, with Cd ranging from 1 to 8 μg/L, Zn from 30 to 40 μg/L, Cu from 2.5 to 5 μg/L, and Pb from 1 to 2 μg/L. Therefore, beyond the physical barrier effect, the DWTR cap immobilizes metals through other mechanisms such as sorption and precipitation. Bioassays showed that DWTR significantly decreased metal toxicity to FHM, while sand-capped and non-capped sediments caused 100% mortality. DGT confirmed DWTR reduced metal fluxes at the sediment-water interface by up to two orders of magnitude.

本研究利用 Gust-chamber 实验对饮用水处理残留物 (DWTR) 作为金属污染沉积物的原位覆盖材料进行了评估。在 0.05 至 0.4 Pa 的剪切应力（τ）不断增加的情况下，测量了未加盖沉积物和加盖 DWTR 的沉积物的金属释放量。在 96 小时的生物测定中，将黑头鲦鱼（FHM）幼鱼暴露于来自这些沉积物的水中，以评估 DWTR 在降低金属毒性方面的功效。沙子被用作惰性封盖材料进行比较。薄膜中的扩散梯度（DGT）评估了 DWTR 对沉积物孔隙水和上覆水中垂直金属浓度分布的影响，浓度由 ICP-MS 测定。在不覆砂的情况下，τ 的增加会使上覆水中镉和锌的金属浓度从 45 毫克/升上升到 95 毫克/升，铜的浓度从 4-10 毫克/升上升到 4 毫克/升，铅的浓度从 2-4 毫克/升上升到 2 毫克/升。覆沙降低了这些浓度，镉和锌的浓度从 4 毫克/升到 21 毫克/升，铜的浓度从 0.26 毫克/升到 0.63 毫克/升，铅的浓度从 0.051 毫克/升到 0.23 毫克/升。DWTR 覆层大大降低了上覆水中的金属浓度，镉含量从 1 微克/升到 8 微克/升，锌含量从 30 微克/升到 40 微克/升，铜含量从 2.5 微克/升到 5 微克/升，铅含量从 1 微克/升到 2 微克/升。因此，除了物理屏障效应外，DWTR 盖还通过其他机制（如吸附和沉淀）固定了金属。生物测定结果表明，DWTR 能显著降低金属对 FHM 的毒性，而砂盖和无盖沉积物则会导致 FHM 100%死亡。DGT 证实，DWTR 可将沉积物-水界面的金属通量降低两个数量级。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of dissolved organic matter from different sources on ritonavir photolysis 不同来源的溶解有机物对利托那韦光解的影响

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143685

Nan Jia , Yue Shi , Jinyuan Qi , Weiwei Yang , Qingwei Bu , Ruiqing Zhao , Lei Yang , Jianfeng Tang

With the misuse of antiviral drugs, the residual levels of ritonavir (RTV) in aquatic environments continue to increase, potentially posing threats to ecosystems and human health. However, the current understanding of the photochemical behavior of RTV in water, especially the mechanism by which dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different sources affects the indirect photolysis of RTV, remains limited. This study systematically investigated the effects of DOM from different sources (including sludge, algae, dustfall, and soil, namely SL-DOM, AL-DOM, DF-DOM, and SO-DOM, respectively) on the photodegradation of RTV for the first time. DOM exhibited a dual role in RTV degradation, with SL-DOM and AL-DOM accelerating the degradation process, while DF-DOM and SO-DOM inhibited it. Direct photolysis accounted for 40–53% of the overall photodegradation, underscoring its significant contribution to the degradation process. Quenching and competitive kinetics experiments revealed that ³DOM^⁎ is the dominant contributor to the indirect photolysis of RTV. Exogenous DOM (DF-DOM, SO-DOM) exhibited higher generation rate and steady-state concentraiton of ³DOM^⁎, while endogenous DOM (SL-DOM, AL-DOM) exhibited higher quantum yields of ³DOM^⁎ and reactivity, leading to distinct mechanisms for the indirect photodegradation of RTV. This study explored the effects of DOM from different sources on the photodegradation of RTV, providing important insights into how DOM affects the photochemical behavior and ecological risk of RTV. It also provides a reference for exploring the photochemical behavior of other drugs.

随着抗病毒药物的滥用，水生环境中的利托那韦（RTV）残留量不断增加，可能对生态系统和人类健康造成威胁。然而，目前人们对水中利托那韦的光化学行为，尤其是不同来源的溶解有机物（DOM）影响利托那韦间接光解的机制的了解仍然有限。本研究首次系统研究了不同来源的 DOM（包括污泥、藻类、降尘和土壤）对 RTV 光降解的影响。DOM 在 RTV 降解过程中表现出双重作用，SL-DOM 和 AL-DOM 加速了降解过程，而 DF-DOM 和 SO-DOM 则抑制了降解过程。淬灭和竞争动力学实验表明，3DOM*是RTV间接光解的主要贡献者，而直接光解占整个光降解过程的40-53%。研究发现，DOM 的光化学反应活性取决于其来源和成分。外源 DOM（DF-DOM、SO-DOM）通过较高的 R3DOM* 和 [3DOM*]ss，促进了间接光降解，而内源 DOM（SL-DOM、AL-DOM）主要由直接光解驱动，ɸ3DOM*进一步增强了反应活性，最终加速了 RTV 的光降解。本研究探讨了不同来源的 DOM 对 RTV 光降解的影响，为了解 DOM 如何影响 RTV 的光化学行为和生态风险提供了重要的启示，并为探索其他药物的光化学行为提供了参考。

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