Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143647
<div><div>Landfills pose a global issue for soil functionality and health, especially in underdeveloped nations where limited resources impede the adoption of comprehensive waste management policies, such as waste processing and sorting techniques. Leachate emissions from waste landfills are a cause for concern, primarily due to their toxic effect if left uncontrolled in the environment, and the potential for waste storage sites to produce leachate for hundreds of years after closure. Few efforts have been made to improve waste collection and disposal facilities in the world, especially in developing countries. This research aims to investigate the influence of waste leachate on soil health indicators in natural woodland and rangeland ecological systems in a semi-arid mountainous region in the north of Iran. Based on results, forest unpolluted sites (2008) exhibited the highest values of nutrient elements in litter and root components. Landfills led to a rise in soil bulk density and a simultaneous decrease in soil organic matter (SOM), porosity, aggregate stability, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), as well as available nutrients, ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) levels. Additionally, microbial parameters (respiration and biomass) and enzymes (urease, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase and invertase) experienced a decrease in areas affected by the landfill sites over time of 2008–2023. Forest and rangeland landfill sites (2023) sites had lower density and biomass of the three earthworm groups. Acari, Collembola, nematodes, protozoans, fungi and bacteria were also reduced in landfill sites (nearly 1–2 times more in uncontaminated forest and rangeland sites). <em>Lumbricus terrestris</em> earthworms exhibited a clear presence in all the studied sites, and this demonstrates the ability of this earthworm species to be active in severe pollution conditions. The spatial pattern of soil cadmium and lead changes indicates the high variance of these characteristics under the influence of landfills in the study sites. Finally, the soil health indicators (according to soil physical, chemical, and biological parameters) decreased from forest unpolluted sites in 2008 to rangeland landfill sites in 2023, which is linked to the release of landfill leachate. These results are noteworthy for all countries and governments that rely on natural ecosystems for waste management without engineering operations or technical intervention. Furthermore, both governments and stakeholders must implement effective waste management systems. The research offers valuable information that can assist decision-makers engaged in sustainable solid waste management in Iran and comparable areas. Besides that, it is highly recommended to prioritize recycling and phytoremediation processes. Ultimately, worldwide efforts to achieve environmental sustainability need a significant focus on the effective management of hazardous
{"title":"Long-term landfill leachate pollution suppresses soil health indicators in natural ecosystems of a semi-arid environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfills pose a global issue for soil functionality and health, especially in underdeveloped nations where limited resources impede the adoption of comprehensive waste management policies, such as waste processing and sorting techniques. Leachate emissions from waste landfills are a cause for concern, primarily due to their toxic effect if left uncontrolled in the environment, and the potential for waste storage sites to produce leachate for hundreds of years after closure. Few efforts have been made to improve waste collection and disposal facilities in the world, especially in developing countries. This research aims to investigate the influence of waste leachate on soil health indicators in natural woodland and rangeland ecological systems in a semi-arid mountainous region in the north of Iran. Based on results, forest unpolluted sites (2008) exhibited the highest values of nutrient elements in litter and root components. Landfills led to a rise in soil bulk density and a simultaneous decrease in soil organic matter (SOM), porosity, aggregate stability, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), as well as available nutrients, ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) levels. Additionally, microbial parameters (respiration and biomass) and enzymes (urease, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase and invertase) experienced a decrease in areas affected by the landfill sites over time of 2008–2023. Forest and rangeland landfill sites (2023) sites had lower density and biomass of the three earthworm groups. Acari, Collembola, nematodes, protozoans, fungi and bacteria were also reduced in landfill sites (nearly 1–2 times more in uncontaminated forest and rangeland sites). <em>Lumbricus terrestris</em> earthworms exhibited a clear presence in all the studied sites, and this demonstrates the ability of this earthworm species to be active in severe pollution conditions. The spatial pattern of soil cadmium and lead changes indicates the high variance of these characteristics under the influence of landfills in the study sites. Finally, the soil health indicators (according to soil physical, chemical, and biological parameters) decreased from forest unpolluted sites in 2008 to rangeland landfill sites in 2023, which is linked to the release of landfill leachate. These results are noteworthy for all countries and governments that rely on natural ecosystems for waste management without engineering operations or technical intervention. Furthermore, both governments and stakeholders must implement effective waste management systems. The research offers valuable information that can assist decision-makers engaged in sustainable solid waste management in Iran and comparable areas. Besides that, it is highly recommended to prioritize recycling and phytoremediation processes. Ultimately, worldwide efforts to achieve environmental sustainability need a significant focus on the effective management of hazardous ","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143628
The emission of microfibers (MFs) into all environmental matrices, including biota, is a global concern, but appropriate methodologies aimed at biomonitoring these pollutants are still in an exploratory stage. In this work a new method is presented for the extraction of airborne anthropogenic microfibers (MFs) from the leaves of Pittosporum tobira. The method is a sequential extraction consisting of tape tearing followed by water floating, ethanol extraction, and wet peroxidation, which considered at first outermost MFs, weakly adhering to leaf surface, and deeper MFs partly embedded in waxy cuticle layer. Tape tearing removed the highest fraction of MFs (about 75%), followed by water washing, ethanol and peroxidation. The constant ratio between the MFs collected in the successive extraction steps indicated that the protocol proposed is reliable and reproducible. Moreover, based on the tape tearing step, MFs number was significantly higher on the upper surface of the leaves, whereas MFs were significantly longer on the lower surface. A “reverse” extraction protocol in which tape tearing followed three water-washings demonstrated that a noticeable fraction of MFs still adhered to the leaf after water floating. SEM observation of the leaf surface highlighted the structural changes occurring during the extraction, with leaf surface becoming clearer and smoother at each step. Raman spectroscopy highlighted the presence of different kind of anthropogenic MFs, with microplastics representing 50%, and polyethylene terephthalate 39% of total MFs. Due to reproducible results and easy handling of the leaves, we encourage the use of P. tobira as a biomonitor of airborne MFs and suggest that a simplified extraction method based on tape tearing alone could be a fast and useful alternative to be adopted in biomonitoring protocols.
{"title":"Sequential extraction of anthropogenic microfibers from the leaves of Pittosporum tobira","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emission of microfibers (MFs) into all environmental matrices, including biota, is a global concern, but appropriate methodologies aimed at biomonitoring these pollutants are still in an exploratory stage. In this work a new method is presented for the extraction of airborne anthropogenic microfibers (MFs) from the leaves of <em>Pittosporum tobira</em>. The method is a sequential extraction consisting of tape tearing followed by water floating, ethanol extraction, and wet peroxidation, which considered at first outermost MFs, weakly adhering to leaf surface, and deeper MFs partly embedded in waxy cuticle layer. Tape tearing removed the highest fraction of MFs (about 75%), followed by water washing, ethanol and peroxidation. The constant ratio between the MFs collected in the successive extraction steps indicated that the protocol proposed is reliable and reproducible. Moreover, based on the tape tearing step, MFs number was significantly higher on the upper surface of the leaves, whereas MFs were significantly longer on the lower surface. A “reverse” extraction protocol in which tape tearing followed three water-washings demonstrated that a noticeable fraction of MFs still adhered to the leaf after water floating. SEM observation of the leaf surface highlighted the structural changes occurring during the extraction, with leaf surface becoming clearer and smoother at each step. Raman spectroscopy highlighted the presence of different kind of anthropogenic MFs, with microplastics representing 50%, and polyethylene terephthalate 39% of total MFs. Due to reproducible results and easy handling of the leaves, we encourage the use of <em>P. tobira</em> as a biomonitor of airborne MFs and suggest that a simplified extraction method based on tape tearing alone could be a fast and useful alternative to be adopted in biomonitoring protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143584
Several food groups have been reported to contain varying concentrations of plastics. This study was designed to quantitatively investigate for the first time in Australia the presence of plastics in store-bought chicken eggs. Three commonly consumed brands of free-range, free-range organic, barn-laid and backyard (home-laid) chicken egg samples were analyzed for seven common polymers (i.e., polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, poly-(methylmethacrylate) and polycarbonate). Samples were extracted by enzyme digestion and pressurized liquid extraction, followed by quantitative analysis through double-shot microfurnace pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. No plastics were detected at concentrations > limit of detection (LOD) (from 0.04 μg/g for PS to 0.22 μg/g for PVC) in the egg samples analyzed, regardless of brand and category, suggesting limited exposure of Australians to plastics from consuming eggs This study provides valuable baseline data and underscores the importance of continued monitoring to ensure the safety and integrity of food supplies in the face of rising environmental plastic pollution.
{"title":"Unscrambling why plastics aren't detectable in chicken eggs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several food groups have been reported to contain varying concentrations of plastics. This study was designed to quantitatively investigate for the first time in Australia the presence of plastics in store-bought chicken eggs. Three commonly consumed brands of free-range, free-range organic, barn-laid and backyard (home-laid) chicken egg samples were analyzed for seven common polymers (i.e., polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, poly-(methylmethacrylate) and polycarbonate). Samples were extracted by enzyme digestion and pressurized liquid extraction, followed by quantitative analysis through double-shot microfurnace pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. No plastics were detected at concentrations > limit of detection (LOD) (from 0.04 μg/g for PS to 0.22 μg/g for PVC) in the egg samples analyzed, regardless of brand and category, suggesting limited exposure of Australians to plastics from consuming eggs This study provides valuable baseline data and underscores the importance of continued monitoring to ensure the safety and integrity of food supplies in the face of rising environmental plastic pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143645
There are now over 7 million recognised per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), however the majority of routine monitoring programmes and policy decisions are based on just a handful of these. There is need for a shift towards gaining a better understanding of the total PFAS present in a sample rather than relying on targeted analysis alone. Total PFAS methods help us to understand if targeted methods are missing a mass of PFAS, but they do not identify which PFAS are missing. Non-targeted methods fill this knowledge gap by using high resolution mass spectrometry to identify the PFAS present in a sample. In this manuscript we use complimentary targeted and non-targeted analysis (NTA) to detect hundreds of PFAS in five freshwater samples obtained from the Northwest of the UK. Targeted analysis revealed PFOA at a maximum concentration of 12,100 ng L−1, over three orders of magnitude greater than the proposed environmental quality standard (EQS) of 100 ng L−1. A conservative assessment calculated an average total PFAS concentration of approximately 40 μg L−1 across all samples. A suspect screening approach identified between 1175 (least conservative) to 89 (most conservative) PFAS at confidence level 4. Exploratory data analysis was used to identify 33 PFAS at confidence level 3 and 10 PFAS at a confidence level of 2. Only 8 of these 43 PFAS (representing 17% of the total PFAS peak area) are regularly monitored in the UK as part of the UK DWI 47 PFAS. Our results suggested the presence of a novel group of unsaturated perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (U-PFECAs) related to EEA-NH4, a perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid (PFECA), providing an example of the benefits of non-targeted screening. This study highlights the merits of non-targeted methods and demonstrates that future monitoring programmes and regulations would benefit from incorporating a non-targeted element.
{"title":"Non-targeted analysis reveals hundreds of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in UK freshwater in the vicinity of a fluorochemical plant","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are now over 7 million recognised per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), however the majority of routine monitoring programmes and policy decisions are based on just a handful of these. There is need for a shift towards gaining a better understanding of the total PFAS present in a sample rather than relying on targeted analysis alone. Total PFAS methods help us to understand if targeted methods are missing a mass of PFAS, but they do not identify which PFAS are missing. Non-targeted methods fill this knowledge gap by using high resolution mass spectrometry to identify the PFAS present in a sample. In this manuscript we use complimentary targeted and non-targeted analysis (NTA) to detect hundreds of PFAS in five freshwater samples obtained from the Northwest of the UK. Targeted analysis revealed PFOA at a maximum concentration of 12,100 ng L<sup>−1</sup>, over three orders of magnitude greater than the proposed environmental quality standard (EQS) of 100 ng L<sup>−1</sup>. A conservative assessment calculated an average total PFAS concentration of approximately 40 μg L<sup>−1</sup> across all samples. A suspect screening approach identified between 1175 (least conservative) to 89 (most conservative) PFAS at confidence level 4. Exploratory data analysis was used to identify 33 PFAS at confidence level 3 and 10 PFAS at a confidence level of 2. Only 8 of these 43 PFAS (representing 17% of the total PFAS peak area) are regularly monitored in the UK as part of the UK DWI 47 PFAS. Our results suggested the presence of a novel group of unsaturated perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (U-PFECAs) related to EEA-NH<sub>4,</sub> a perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid (PFECA), providing an example of the benefits of non-targeted screening. This study highlights the merits of non-targeted methods and demonstrates that future monitoring programmes and regulations would benefit from incorporating a non-targeted element.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143670
The current environmental problem is the coexistence of multiple pollutants rather than a single pollutant. In this study, U(VI), Eu(III), and Cr(VI) are selected as representatives of the actinides, lanthanide elements, and heavy metal elements for removal study. The hydroxylamine hydrochloride intercalated molybdenum disulfide (HAH/MoS2) was prepared to remove these contaminants. The insertion of hydroxylamine hydrochloride increased layer spacing, which was conducive to the pollutant molecules entering the molybdenum disulfide layer. HAH/MoS2 revealed a spherical shape with a rough surface and relatively high anti-interference. The maximum adsorption capacities of HAH/MoS2 for U(VI), Eu(III), and Cr(VI) reached 104.9 mg/g, 72.9 mg/g, and 81.4 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) was interlayer adsorption at pH < 6.2 and surface complexation at pH > 6.2. Similarly, the removal of Eu(III) was interlayer adsorption at pH < 5.0, interlayer adsorption and surface complexation at pH 5.0–7.7, and forming precipitation Eu(OH)3(s) at pH > 7.7. The removal of Cr(VI) depended on surface complexation at pH < 4.0 and interlayer adsorption at pH > 4.0. These ions were more likely to be adsorbed between layers instead of at the surface. Compared to U(VI) and Cr(VI), Eu(III) was more easily adsorbed at the interlamination of HAH/MoS2. From the point of view of charge transfer, U(VI) and Eu(III) tended to give away electrons, and Cr(VI) tended to gain electrons in the removal process. This work can offer a new perspective for the design and application of two-dimensional materials for multiple pollutants removal.
{"title":"Experimental and theoretical studies of spherical hydroxylamine hydrochloride intercalated molybdenum disulfide for the removal of U(VI), Eu(III), and Cr(VI)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current environmental problem is the coexistence of multiple pollutants rather than a single pollutant. In this study, U(VI), Eu(III), and Cr(VI) are selected as representatives of the actinides, lanthanide elements, and heavy metal elements for removal study. The hydroxylamine hydrochloride intercalated molybdenum disulfide (HAH/MoS<sub>2</sub>) was prepared to remove these contaminants. The insertion of hydroxylamine hydrochloride increased layer spacing, which was conducive to the pollutant molecules entering the molybdenum disulfide layer. HAH/MoS<sub>2</sub> revealed a spherical shape with a rough surface and relatively high anti-interference. The maximum adsorption capacities of HAH/MoS<sub>2</sub> for U(VI), Eu(III), and Cr(VI) reached 104.9 mg/g, 72.9 mg/g, and 81.4 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) was interlayer adsorption at pH < 6.2 and surface complexation at pH > 6.2. Similarly, the removal of Eu(III) was interlayer adsorption at pH < 5.0, interlayer adsorption and surface complexation at pH 5.0–7.7, and forming precipitation Eu(OH)<sub>3</sub>(s) at pH > 7.7. The removal of Cr(VI) depended on surface complexation at pH < 4.0 and interlayer adsorption at pH > 4.0. These ions were more likely to be adsorbed between layers instead of at the surface. Compared to U(VI) and Cr(VI), Eu(III) was more easily adsorbed at the interlamination of HAH/MoS<sub>2</sub>. From the point of view of charge transfer, U(VI) and Eu(III) tended to give away electrons, and Cr(VI) tended to gain electrons in the removal process. This work can offer a new perspective for the design and application of two-dimensional materials for multiple pollutants removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143663
Vanadium (V(V)) and nitrate, as co-concomitant pollutants in water bodies, pose potential threats to the eco-environment and human health. This study was to reveal the feasibility of simultaneous removal of V(V) and nitrate in the series-wound vertical flow constructed wetlands (CWs) with iron ore (B-CWs)/manganese ore (C-CWs)-wood substrates. The results showed that B-CWs could achieve efficient V(V) and NO3−-N removal with the influent of 2 and 10 mg/L (V(V)/NO3−-N = 1:5), respectively. With the increase of V(V)/NO3−-N ratio (V(V)/NO3−-N = 1:1), B/C-CWs exhibited better combined pollution removal. Even when nitrate was removed (V(V)/NO3−-N = 1:0), the systems could maintain a good capacity for V(V) removal. High V(V) (20 mg/L) significantly inhibited V(V) removal, with a slight recovery of the performance as the decrease of V(V) influent. High NO3−-N concentration (10 mg/L) effectively enhanced V(V) removal and restored C-CWs to the better level. V(IV) precipitates/oxides were the main reducing end-products. High abundance of V(V)-reducing bacteria and iron/manganese cycling pumps ensured efficient V(V) removal.
{"title":"Simultaneous removal of vanadium and nitrogen in two-stage vertical flow constructed wetlands: Performance and mechanisms","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium (V(V)) and nitrate, as co-concomitant pollutants in water bodies, pose potential threats to the eco-environment and human health. This study was to reveal the feasibility of simultaneous removal of V(V) and nitrate in the series-wound vertical flow constructed wetlands (CWs) with iron ore (B-CWs)/manganese ore (C-CWs)-wood substrates. The results showed that B-CWs could achieve efficient V(V) and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N removal with the influent of 2 and 10 mg/L (V(V)/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N = 1:5), respectively. With the increase of V(V)/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N ratio (V(V)/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N = 1:1), B/C-CWs exhibited better combined pollution removal. Even when nitrate was removed (V(V)/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N = 1:0), the systems could maintain a good capacity for V(V) removal. High V(V) (20 mg/L) significantly inhibited V(V) removal, with a slight recovery of the performance as the decrease of V(V) influent. High NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N concentration (10 mg/L) effectively enhanced V(V) removal and restored C-CWs to the better level. V(IV) precipitates/oxides were the main reducing end-products. High abundance of V(V)-reducing bacteria and iron/manganese cycling pumps ensured efficient V(V) removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143636
Antibiotics are a widely distributed and effective antibacterial agents. Human medical treatment and livestock aquaculture are major sources of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems, potentially damaging the biofilms that are the foundation of stream food webs. In this study, we conducted antibiotic biotransformation experiments using biofilms cultured in streams upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant outlet to distinguish different fate processes of antibiotics in biofilms. It was found that stream biofilms have biotransformation potential mainly for specific sulfonamide antibiotics. Flavobacterium and Dyadobacter were identified to be associated with biofilm biotransformation of antibiotics by 16S rDNA sequencing. Besides, microorganisms released from treated wastewater integrated into downstream biofilm communities, thereby enhancing the biotransformation potential of downstream biofilm communities compared to upstream biofilm. These findings enriched the understanding of the biotransformation of micropollutants by stream biofilms, and to thus promote the development of biofilm-based monitoring technologies.
{"title":"Antibiotic biotransformation potential of biofilms in streams receiving treated wastewater effluent: Biodegradation mechanism and bacterial community structure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics are a widely distributed and effective antibacterial agents. Human medical treatment and livestock aquaculture are major sources of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems, potentially damaging the biofilms that are the foundation of stream food webs. In this study, we conducted antibiotic biotransformation experiments using biofilms cultured in streams upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant outlet to distinguish different fate processes of antibiotics in biofilms. It was found that stream biofilms have biotransformation potential mainly for specific sulfonamide antibiotics. <em>Flavobacterium</em> and <em>Dyadobacter</em> were identified to be associated with biofilm biotransformation of antibiotics by 16S rDNA sequencing. Besides, microorganisms released from treated wastewater integrated into downstream biofilm communities, thereby enhancing the biotransformation potential of downstream biofilm communities compared to upstream biofilm. These findings enriched the understanding of the biotransformation of micropollutants by stream biofilms, and to thus promote the development of biofilm-based monitoring technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143635
This study investigates the skeletal accumulation of selected elements (Al, Ag, As, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr, Zn) in echinoderms inhabiting Barents Sea, an area impacted by human activities from northern Norway and Kola Peninsula, known sources of metal pollution. The primary aim was to have insight whether metals incorporation in the skeleton of Arctic echinoderms is regulated physiologically by the organism or influenced by abiotic environmental conditions (expressed as distance from the source of metal pollution). Metal concentrations were analysed in 17 species from four echinoderm classes: Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea and Echinoidea. The results revealed species-specific accumulation patterns for most metals, indicating a strong biological control over metal incorporation. In crinoid Heliometra glacialis, a negative correlation between body size and skeletal concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg and Mn was observed. This correlation was ascribed to age-related metabolic traits and a likely mechanism for removing foreign metals from the skeletal calcite. The relationships between environmental factors and metal accumulation patterns were less clear. However, higher concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Mn and Pb were found in suspension feeders collected near glaciers, which were potential sources of suspended material. Asteroids exhibited particularly high concentrations of Cu, Fe, Cr, Hg compared to species from the other regions, suggesting that their calcified skeletons may serve as storage mechanisms to prevent toxic effects in other body parts. These observations confirm that biologically-mediated processes predominantly govern metal bioaccumulation in Arctic echinoderms.
{"title":"Trace metals in skeletal calcite of echinoderms from the Barents Sea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the skeletal accumulation of selected elements (Al, Ag, As, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr, Zn) in echinoderms inhabiting Barents Sea, an area impacted by human activities from northern Norway and Kola Peninsula, known sources of metal pollution. The primary aim was to have insight whether metals incorporation in the skeleton of Arctic echinoderms is regulated physiologically by the organism or influenced by abiotic environmental conditions (expressed as distance from the source of metal pollution). Metal concentrations were analysed in 17 species from four echinoderm classes: Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea and Echinoidea. The results revealed species-specific accumulation patterns for most metals, indicating a strong biological control over metal incorporation. In crinoid <em>Heliometra glacialis</em>, a negative correlation between body size and skeletal concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg and Mn was observed. This correlation was ascribed to age-related metabolic traits and a likely mechanism for removing foreign metals from the skeletal calcite. The relationships between environmental factors and metal accumulation patterns were less clear. However, higher concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Mn and Pb were found in suspension feeders collected near glaciers, which were potential sources of suspended material. Asteroids exhibited particularly high concentrations of Cu, Fe, Cr, Hg compared to species from the other regions, suggesting that their calcified skeletons may serve as storage mechanisms to prevent toxic effects in other body parts. These observations confirm that biologically-mediated processes predominantly govern metal bioaccumulation in Arctic echinoderms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143644
The interactive effects of Se (Na2SeO3) and ammonium fertilizers ((NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl) on the growth and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) in mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil were studied under different water conditions. This study determined how two nutrient sources (Se and NH4+-N) interacted to improve the yield, quality, and safety of maize to ensure food security and quality assurance under the stress of heavy metal Hg. The experiment was conducted under two irrigation conditions: W1 (complete irrigation condition, 60–70% of water-holding capacity) and W2 (restricted irrigation condition, 40–50% of water-holding capacity). The combined treatment of Se and ammonium fertilizers significantly improved the growth of maize and the quality of grain in Hg-polluted soil. When Na2SeO3 and (NH4)2SO4 were combined, the growth and quality of maize increased the highest among all treatments. The interaction between Na2SeO3 and ammonium fertilizers significantly affected the available Hg/methylmercury (MeHg) content in soil and the Hg/MeHg concentration in maize. NH4Cl significantly increased the content of available Hg/MeHg in soil and increased the accumulation of Hg/MeHg in maize tissues due to Cl−. However, the treatments containing Na2SeO3 or (NH4)2SO4 significantly reduced the content of available Hg/MeHg in soil, reduced the accumulation of Hg/MeHg in maize tissues, and significantly reduced the possible health risks to human beings. The treatments containing Na2SeO3 or (NH4)2SO4 promoted maize growth by increasing the Se content in maize tissues and reducing the Hg/MeHg content, relieving the stress induced by Hg, and increasing the nutrient content. The combined treatment of Na2SeO3 and (NH4)2SO4 had the best effect in this experiment. This study also showed that this strategy is helpful in reducing the opportunities for consumers to accumulate Hg/MeHg by eating maize and its derivatives, thus ensuring food safety. Se and ammonium fertilizer can be used together to increase maize yield and develop agricultural production in Hg-polluted areas, which may have a significant impact on global food production. In addition, this simple method can help farmers manage soil affected by heavy metal pollution.
{"title":"Effects of combined application of Se and ammonium fertilizers on the growth and nutritional quality of maize in Hg-polluted soil under two irrigation conditions and its health risk assessment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interactive effects of Se (Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>) and ammonium fertilizers ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl) on the growth and quality of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) in mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil were studied under different water conditions. This study determined how two nutrient sources (Se and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) interacted to improve the yield, quality, and safety of maize to ensure food security and quality assurance under the stress of heavy metal Hg. The experiment was conducted under two irrigation conditions: W1 (complete irrigation condition, 60–70% of water-holding capacity) and W2 (restricted irrigation condition, 40–50% of water-holding capacity). The combined treatment of Se and ammonium fertilizers significantly improved the growth of maize and the quality of grain in Hg-polluted soil. When Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> were combined, the growth and quality of maize increased the highest among all treatments. The interaction between Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> and ammonium fertilizers significantly affected the available Hg/methylmercury (MeHg) content in soil and the Hg/MeHg concentration in maize. NH<sub>4</sub>Cl significantly increased the content of available Hg/MeHg in soil and increased the accumulation of Hg/MeHg in maize tissues due to Cl<sup>−</sup>. However, the treatments containing Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> or (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> significantly reduced the content of available Hg/MeHg in soil, reduced the accumulation of Hg/MeHg in maize tissues, and significantly reduced the possible health risks to human beings. The treatments containing Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> or (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> promoted maize growth by increasing the Se content in maize tissues and reducing the Hg/MeHg content, relieving the stress induced by Hg, and increasing the nutrient content. The combined treatment of Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> had the best effect in this experiment. This study also showed that this strategy is helpful in reducing the opportunities for consumers to accumulate Hg/MeHg by eating maize and its derivatives, thus ensuring food safety. Se and ammonium fertilizer can be used together to increase maize yield and develop agricultural production in Hg-polluted areas, which may have a significant impact on global food production. In addition, this simple method can help farmers manage soil affected by heavy metal pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143630
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) poses an emerging research field as it can outstand previous processes of biological wastewater treatment in terms of efficiency and costs. Anammox bacteria have the ability to metabolise NH4+ and NO2− to produce N2 under anaerobic conditions. Despite numerous studies, there is a lack of research on the co-occurrence and interrelationship of the predominant microbes that inhabit anammox-related processes. This systematic literature review follows the PSALSAR approach to assess metagenomic data on anammox bacteria and functional microbes in upstream reactors. Essential information on the physiology, metabolic pathways and inhibitory effects of anammox bacteria are reviewed and functional bacteria such as ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB), ammonia-oxidising Archaea (AOA) and denitrifying bacteria are identified.
Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia were the most frequently sequenced genera in the observed literature. Pseudomonadota, Chloroflexota and Bacteroidota were prevalent regardless of crucial operational parameters and configurations that affect the microbial community. Interrelationship analysis revealed a positive association between the versatility of a phylum's metabolism and its presence in the observed wastewater treatment literature. Several groups, such as Calditrichota, Myxococcota and Deinococcota are highly underrepresented, a finding that should be investigated in more detail. No evidence was found to suggest that high anammox ratios are correlated with high nitrogen removal efficiencies, as some studies found high efficiency despite low anammox abundance (<1%).
{"title":"A systematic literature review of microbial anammox consortia in UASB/ EGSB-reactors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) poses an emerging research field as it can outstand previous processes of biological wastewater treatment in terms of efficiency and costs. Anammox bacteria have the ability to metabolise NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> to produce N<sub>2</sub> under anaerobic conditions. Despite numerous studies, there is a lack of research on the co-occurrence and interrelationship of the predominant microbes that inhabit anammox-related processes. This systematic literature review follows the PSALSAR approach to assess metagenomic data on anammox bacteria and functional microbes in upstream reactors. Essential information on the physiology, metabolic pathways and inhibitory effects of anammox bacteria are reviewed and functional bacteria such as ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB), ammonia-oxidising Archaea (AOA) and denitrifying bacteria are identified.</div><div><em>Candidatus Kuenenia</em> and <em>Candidatus Brocadia</em> were the most frequently sequenced genera in the observed literature. <em>Pseudomonadota</em>, <em>Chloroflexota</em> and <em>Bacteroidota</em> were prevalent regardless of crucial operational parameters and configurations that affect the microbial community. Interrelationship analysis revealed a positive association between the versatility of a phylum's metabolism and its presence in the observed wastewater treatment literature. Several groups, such as <em>Calditrichota, Myxococcota</em> and <em>Deinococcota</em> are highly underrepresented, a finding that should be investigated in more detail. No evidence was found to suggest that high anammox ratios are correlated with high nitrogen removal efficiencies, as some studies found high efficiency despite low anammox abundance (<1%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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