This study provides the first integrated assessment of emerging (microplastics, MPs) and legacy (organochlorine pesticides, OCPs; polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) contaminants in abyssal sediments (700 m) of the southern Caspian Sea. Vertically resolved cores (0–6 cm) were analyzed to determine compound-specific distributions and persistence. MPs were found only in the surface layer (0–2 cm) at 16 items kg−1 dw, composed exclusively of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, indicating restricted downward transport. OCPs such as 4,4-DDT and Dieldrin declined sharply with depth, whereas transformation products (4,4-DDE) and recalcitrant compounds persisted. PCBs were confined to surface sediments, while total PAHs (PAHs) increased with depth (49–68 ng g−1), reflecting stronger contributions from natural petrogenic sources associated with pre-industrial conditions. These results show that the southern Caspian abyss functions as a long-term sink for both emerging and legacy contaminants, governed by hydrographic isolation, weak bottom circulation, and sediment focusing. The co-occurrence of MPs and persistent hydrocarbons underscores the role of enclosed basins in global contaminant storage and long-term pollutant fate.
这项研究首次对里海南部深海沉积物（bbb700米）中新出现的（微塑料，MPs）和遗留的（有机氯农药，OCPs，多氯联苯，PCBs和多环芳烃，PAHs）污染物进行了综合评估。分析垂直分辨岩心（0-6 cm），以确定化合物的特定分布和持久性。MPs仅在16项kg-1 dw的表层（0-2 cm）被发现，完全由聚乙烯（PE）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纤维组成，表明受限制的向下运输。ocp如4,4'-DDT和Dieldrin随着深度急剧下降，而转化产物（4,4'-DDE）和顽固性化合物则持续存在。多氯联苯局限于表层沉积物，而总多环芳烃（∑PAHs）随深度增加（49 ~ 68 ng g-1），反映了与工业化前条件相关的天然产岩源的贡献更大。这些结果表明，里海南部深渊是新出现和遗留污染物的长期汇，受水文隔离、弱底部环流和沉积物聚焦的影响。MPs和持久性烃的共存强调了封闭盆地在全球污染物储存和长期污染物命运中的作用。
{"title":"Emerging and legacy pollutants in abyssal sediments of the world’s largest enclosed waterbody","authors":"Peygham Ghaffari , Bert van Bavel , Ali Mehdinia , Madeline Jefroy , Reza Rahnama , Davoud Jahedi Vaighan , Evgeniy Yakushev , Mehrshad Taheri , Ali Hamzehpoor , Parisa Habibi , Muna Hosseindoost , Xie Haichao , Hamid A.K. Lahijani","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides the first integrated assessment of emerging (microplastics, MPs) and legacy (organochlorine pesticides, OCPs; polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) contaminants in abyssal sediments (<span><math><mo>></mo></math></span>700 m) of the southern Caspian Sea. Vertically resolved cores (0–6 cm) were analyzed to determine compound-specific distributions and persistence. MPs were found only in the surface layer (0–2 cm) at 16 items kg<sup>−1</sup> dw, composed exclusively of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, indicating restricted downward transport. OCPs such as 4,4<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-DDT and Dieldrin declined sharply with depth, whereas transformation products (4,4<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-DDE) and recalcitrant compounds persisted. PCBs were confined to surface sediments, while total PAHs (<span><math><mo>∑</mo></math></span>PAHs) increased with depth (49–68 ng g<sup>−1</sup>), reflecting stronger contributions from natural petrogenic sources associated with pre-industrial conditions. These results show that the southern Caspian abyss functions as a long-term sink for both emerging and legacy contaminants, governed by hydrographic isolation, weak bottom circulation, and sediment focusing. The co-occurrence of MPs and persistent hydrocarbons underscores the role of enclosed basins in global contaminant storage and long-term pollutant fate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144802"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144801
Anying Chen , Bing Wang , Ping Li , Qianwei Feng , Rui Wang
Submicron biochar (submicron-BC) has been widely used in various fields for environmental pollution remediation due to its excellent physicochemical properties. However, its application may cause adverse effects on the environment and aquatic organisms. To investigate the effects of submicron-BC on aquatic organisms, different organic solid wastes were used as feedstocks to produce submicron-BC, and zebrafish was selected as the target test organism. According to the embryonic development experiment, ball-milled sawdust biochar (BSB) prepared at 450 °C was identified as the most toxic submicron-BC. The characterization results by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that BSB had irregular spherical surfaces. The embryos were treated with BSB (1,10, and 100 mg/L) for 96 h Its effects on the embryonic development of zebrafish were concentration-dependent and time-dependent. Specifically, BSB led to decreased survival rates, hatching rates, and body length. With the increasing of the concentrations (1,10, and 100 mg/L) and exposure time (1,4, and 7 d) of BSB, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde continued to rise in adult zebrafish. Comet analysis also showed that BSB caused dose-dependent DNA damage in the liver and gills of adult zebrafish. Humic acid could reduce the content of persistent free radicals in BSB, thus alleviating the toxicity of BSB to the embryo. This work provides a basis for exploring the toxic mechanism and environmental risk assessment of submicron-BC in aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Submicron biochar induces developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Anying Chen , Bing Wang , Ping Li , Qianwei Feng , Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submicron biochar (submicron-BC) has been widely used in various fields for environmental pollution remediation due to its excellent physicochemical properties. However, its application may cause adverse effects on the environment and aquatic organisms. To investigate the effects of submicron-BC on aquatic organisms, different organic solid wastes were used as feedstocks to produce submicron-BC, and zebrafish was selected as the target test organism. According to the embryonic development experiment, ball-milled sawdust biochar (BSB) prepared at 450 °C was identified as the most toxic submicron-BC. The characterization results by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that BSB had irregular spherical surfaces. The embryos were treated with BSB (1,10, and 100 mg/L) for 96 h Its effects on the embryonic development of zebrafish were concentration-dependent and time-dependent. Specifically, BSB led to decreased survival rates, hatching rates, and body length. With the increasing of the concentrations (1,10, and 100 mg/L) and exposure time (1,4, and 7 d) of BSB, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde continued to rise in adult zebrafish. Comet analysis also showed that BSB caused dose-dependent DNA damage in the liver and gills of adult zebrafish. Humic acid could reduce the content of persistent free radicals in BSB, thus alleviating the toxicity of BSB to the embryo. This work provides a basis for exploring the toxic mechanism and environmental risk assessment of submicron-BC in aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144801"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144791
Wijdane Limouni , Valentin Dupraz , Patrice Couture , Carmen Mihaela Neculita , Vincent Cloutier , Eric Rosa
The acute toxicity of binary and ternary combinations of Cu, Zn, As and Se to Daphnia magna was investigated. The aim was to provide a detailed characterization of the interactive effects of these elements in relation to aquatic toxicity. The binary and ternary combinations were evaluated using isobolograms, the concentration addition (CA) model, the independent action (IA) model, and the Hewlett model. They were also implemented using the MixModel package in R. This approach facilitated the identification of potential synergism, additivity, and antagonism, in addition to the characterization of binary and ternary interactions within a mixture composition space. For the binary combinations, and had the most robust evidence for synergism with EC50 estimates <1 toxicity unit (TU), as low as 0.27 TU for , and 0.30 TU for . Combinations of , , , and were mostly additive, with EC50 estimates ∼1 TU for all evaluated ratios. In all of the tested ternary combinations, Cu was identified the most toxic component. Emergent effects, which were defined as toxicity responses arising from combinations of toxicity which were not dependent on binary combinations, were observed in some ternary combinations. Synergism was observed in the and mixtures, suggesting that binary combinations alone are insufficient for predicting interactions involving more than two components. Ternary diagrams also showed potential areas of high toxicity (), mostly in the Cu-dominated mixtures. These observations suggest that the toxicity assessment of trace metals and metalloids commonly found in mining and metallurgical effluents (in this case Cu, Zn, As, and Se) must take into account the effect of mixtures and not rely on substance-by-substance assessments.
{"title":"Evaluating the acute toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures of Cu, Zn, As and Se to Daphnia magna: a component-based approach using isobologram analyses and ternary diagrams","authors":"Wijdane Limouni , Valentin Dupraz , Patrice Couture , Carmen Mihaela Neculita , Vincent Cloutier , Eric Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The acute toxicity of binary and ternary combinations of Cu, Zn, As and Se to <em>Daphnia magna</em> was investigated. The aim was to provide a detailed characterization of the interactive effects of these elements in relation to aquatic toxicity. The binary and ternary combinations were evaluated using isobolograms, the concentration addition (CA) model, the independent action (IA) model, and the Hewlett model. They were also implemented using the MixModel package in R. This approach facilitated the identification of potential synergism, additivity, and antagonism, in addition to the characterization of binary and ternary interactions within a mixture composition space. For the binary combinations, <span><math><mrow><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mtext>Zn</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span> had the most robust evidence for synergism with EC<sub>50</sub> estimates <1 toxicity unit (TU), as low as 0.27 TU for <span><math><mrow><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and 0.30 TU for <span><math><mrow><mtext>Zn</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span>. Combinations of <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span> were mostly additive, with EC<sub>50</sub> estimates ∼1 TU for all evaluated ratios. In all of the tested ternary combinations, Cu was identified the most toxic component. Emergent effects, which were defined as toxicity responses arising from combinations of toxicity which were not dependent on binary combinations, were observed in some ternary combinations. Synergism was observed in the <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span> mixtures, suggesting that binary combinations alone are insufficient for predicting interactions involving more than two components. Ternary diagrams also showed potential areas of high toxicity (<span><math><mrow><mtext>TU</mtext><mspace></mspace><mo>></mo><mspace></mspace><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>), mostly in the Cu-dominated mixtures. These observations suggest that the toxicity assessment of trace metals and metalloids commonly found in mining and metallurgical effluents (in this case Cu, Zn, As, and Se) must take into account the effect of mixtures and not rely on substance-by-substance assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144791"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144796
Hwashin H. Shin , Muzeyyen Kabasakal , James G. Owen , Anna O. Delic , Katarina Kunarac , Stéphane Buteau
Air quality tends to deteriorate in densely populated and industrialized regions, increasing the risk of hospitalization and mortality. The Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (hereafter “Corridor”) is a region in Canada characterized by high population density and extensive manufacturing and transportation infrastructure. This study compared PM2.5-related health outcomes in the Corridor and non-Corridor regions to assess the influence of population density and industrial activity on human health. We analyzed data from 89 census divisions (CDs), representing approximately 80 % of the Canadian population, including 41 CDs within the Corridor (58 % of the population). Daily PM2.5 concentrations were linked to daily counts of all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory hospitalizations and mortality. A two-stage modeling approach was used: CD-specific risks were estimated using over-dispersed generalized Poisson models, followed by Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate regional (Corridor vs. non-Corridor) and national risks. While all-cause health outcomes showed little regional difference, cause-specific health risks indicated some regional differences varying by cause, season, age, and sex. Compared to the non-Corridor, the Corridor exhibited higher risks (per 10 μg/m3 PM2.5) for respiratory hospitalization during the cold season for both non-seniors, age 1–65 years, (0.98 %, 95 % CI 0.00–1.90 % versus −0.01 %, −1.36–1.34 %) and seniors, age 66 and over, (0.97 %, 0.08–1.86 % versus −0.60 %, −2.01–0.75 %), and for circulatory mortality during the warm season for seniors (1.86 %, 0.74–2.92 % versus 0.17 %, −1.66–1.92 %) and females (2.74 %, 1.23–4.25 % versus 0.30 %, −2.24–2.78 %). These findings suggest that Corridor residents — especially seniors and females— are subject to greater PM2.5-related health risks.
{"title":"Impact of population density and industrial activity on PM2.5-Related adverse health outcomes: A study of the Quebec–Ontario corridor in Canada","authors":"Hwashin H. Shin , Muzeyyen Kabasakal , James G. Owen , Anna O. Delic , Katarina Kunarac , Stéphane Buteau","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air quality tends to deteriorate in densely populated and industrialized regions, increasing the risk of hospitalization and mortality. The Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (hereafter “Corridor”) is a region in Canada characterized by high population density and extensive manufacturing and transportation infrastructure. This study compared PM<sub>2.5</sub>-related health outcomes in the Corridor and non-Corridor regions to assess the influence of population density and industrial activity on human health. We analyzed data from 89 census divisions (CDs), representing approximately 80 % of the Canadian population, including 41 CDs within the Corridor (58 % of the population). Daily PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were linked to daily counts of all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory hospitalizations and mortality. A two-stage modeling approach was used: CD-specific risks were estimated using over-dispersed generalized Poisson models, followed by Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate regional (Corridor vs. non-Corridor) and national risks. While all-cause health outcomes showed little regional difference, cause-specific health risks indicated some regional differences varying by cause, season, age, and sex. Compared to the non-Corridor, the Corridor exhibited higher risks (per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub>) for respiratory hospitalization during the cold season for both non-seniors, age 1–65 years, (0.98 %, 95 % CI 0.00–1.90 % versus −0.01 %, −1.36–1.34 %) and seniors, age 66 and over, (0.97 %, 0.08–1.86 % versus −0.60 %, −2.01–0.75 %), and for circulatory mortality during the warm season for seniors (1.86 %, 0.74–2.92 % versus 0.17 %, −1.66–1.92 %) and females (2.74 %, 1.23–4.25 % versus 0.30 %, −2.24–2.78 %). These findings suggest that Corridor residents — especially seniors and females— are subject to greater PM<sub>2.5</sub>-related health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144796"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144800
Amy-lynne Balaberda , Dennis Escolástico-Ortiz , Christine Martineau , Nicole E. Heshka , Matthew B.J. Lindsay , Dani Degenhardt
Froth treatment tailings (FTT) are byproducts of bitumen extraction at oil sands mines in northern Alberta. Produced during froth treatment, where diluent such as naphtha is added to separate bitumen from water and solids, FTT contain residual hydrocarbons and sulfide minerals like pyrite, potentially posing reclamation challenges. This study investigated the spatial and vertical distribution of hydrocarbons and microbial communities across a transect of an FTT deposit at Syncrude's Mildred Lake Settling Basin. Residual naphtha and petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) concentrations reflected deposition history, with higher concentrations near the pond and in deeper, older tailings at the dyke. Microbial diversity was lower in FTT than in underlying coarse tailings, with the lowest diversity observed at ∼30 m depth, likely due to moderate to high PHC concentrations, anoxic conditions, and nutrient limitations. Microbial community composition varied with depth, material type, and location, and FTT were enriched in taxa involved in hydrocarbon degradation (Pseudomonas), sulfur cycling (Thiobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Desulfotomaculales), and methanogenesis (Methanosaeta). Among hydrocarbons, toluene and ethylbenzene were strong predictors of microbial variation. Pyrite content also emerged as an important driver, likely due to its role in redox processes. These results highlight the close links between residual diluent, tailings geochemistry, and microbial ecology, emphasizing the importance of accurate FTT characterization to support closure landform design and inform future reclamation monitoring.
{"title":"Biogeochemical characterization of froth treatment tailings","authors":"Amy-lynne Balaberda , Dennis Escolástico-Ortiz , Christine Martineau , Nicole E. Heshka , Matthew B.J. Lindsay , Dani Degenhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Froth treatment tailings (FTT) are byproducts of bitumen extraction at oil sands mines in northern Alberta. Produced during froth treatment, where diluent such as naphtha is added to separate bitumen from water and solids, FTT contain residual hydrocarbons and sulfide minerals like pyrite, potentially posing reclamation challenges. This study investigated the spatial and vertical distribution of hydrocarbons and microbial communities across a transect of an FTT deposit at Syncrude's Mildred Lake Settling Basin. Residual naphtha and petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) concentrations reflected deposition history, with higher concentrations near the pond and in deeper, older tailings at the dyke. Microbial diversity was lower in FTT than in underlying coarse tailings, with the lowest diversity observed at ∼30 m depth, likely due to moderate to high PHC concentrations, anoxic conditions, and nutrient limitations. Microbial community composition varied with depth, material type, and location, and FTT were enriched in taxa involved in hydrocarbon degradation (<em>Pseudomonas</em>), sulfur cycling (<em>Thiobacillus</em>, <em>Desulfovibrio</em>, <em>Desulfotomaculales</em>), and methanogenesis (<em>Methanosaeta</em>). Among hydrocarbons, toluene and ethylbenzene were strong predictors of microbial variation. Pyrite content also emerged as an important driver, likely due to its role in redox processes. These results highlight the close links between residual diluent, tailings geochemistry, and microbial ecology, emphasizing the importance of accurate FTT characterization to support closure landform design and inform future reclamation monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144800"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lead (Pb) contamination of soil poses a significant and pressing environmental threat to a multitude of ecosystems. Phytoremediation assisted by the collaborative activities of rhizosphere soil microbes holds considerable promise for the removal of metal contaminants from affected sites. Nevertheless, there remains a substantial shortage of knowledge regarding the impact of indigenous rhizosphere soil microbes on plant strategies for Pb accumulation and Pb speciation within plant-microbial root associations. In this study, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was grown in soils with varied Pb stress (0, 200, 800, 1400, and 2000 mg/kg), with and without native microbial inoculants, to investigate how plant–microbe interactions influence Pb transfer and speciation in native soils. Notably, our findings highlight the remarkable Pb tolerance of switchgrass. The plants sustained robust growth and resilience even at 2000 mg/kg, a concentration far exceeding the recommended Pb limit for human health. Native microbial inoculation significantly increased Pb retention in roots and reduced its translocation to leaves, likely due to a stable symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The combination of switchgrass and microbial inoculants altered soil pH and rhizosphere processes, consequently leading to changes in the bioavailability of Pb. A numerical model based on the mass balance equation predicted that over 80 % of bioavailable soil Pb could be removed within 120 days. Our study advances the understanding of Pb accumulation and transfer in plants and the benefits of inoculation with indigenous soil microbial communities, thereby laying the foundation for the development of enhanced phytoremediation strategies of efficient Pb removal from contaminated soils.
{"title":"Impact of indigenous soil microbes on switchgrass tolerance to lead stress","authors":"Wei Ren , Gail W.T. Wilson , Yipeng Zhang , Frost Trussell , Tingying Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb) contamination of soil poses a significant and pressing environmental threat to a multitude of ecosystems. Phytoremediation assisted by the collaborative activities of rhizosphere soil microbes holds considerable promise for the removal of metal contaminants from affected sites. Nevertheless, there remains a substantial shortage of knowledge regarding the impact of indigenous rhizosphere soil microbes on plant strategies for Pb accumulation and Pb speciation within plant-microbial root associations. In this study, switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em>) was grown in soils with varied Pb stress (0, 200, 800, 1400, and 2000 mg/kg), with and without native microbial inoculants, to investigate how plant–microbe interactions influence Pb transfer and speciation in native soils. Notably, our findings highlight the remarkable Pb tolerance of switchgrass. The plants sustained robust growth and resilience even at 2000 mg/kg, a concentration far exceeding the recommended Pb limit for human health. Native microbial inoculation significantly increased Pb retention in roots and reduced its translocation to leaves, likely due to a stable symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The combination of switchgrass and microbial inoculants altered soil pH and rhizosphere processes, consequently leading to changes in the bioavailability of Pb. A numerical model based on the mass balance equation predicted that over 80 % of bioavailable soil Pb could be removed within 120 days. Our study advances the understanding of Pb accumulation and transfer in plants and the benefits of inoculation with indigenous soil microbial communities, thereby laying the foundation for the development of enhanced phytoremediation strategies of efficient Pb removal from contaminated soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144797"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144792
Si-yuan He, Wei Wen, Peng Wu, Zhe Meng
Developing a green and efficient technology for decomposing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in grains has important theoretical value and application prospects for ensuring food safety. A dual Z-scheme ternary heterojunction photocatalyst, Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+/BiVO4/NH2-UiO-66 (SBN), was prepared via a self-assembling hydrothermal approach. The SBN heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits round-the-clock photocatalytic activity due to the intrinsic light source of Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ (SMS). Dual Z-scheme mechanism was proposed and validated through detailed analysis of quenching experiments, ESR spectra, band arrangement, and charge transfer processes. The dual Z-scheme mechanism not only promotes the effective transfer and separation of photo generated charge carriers during charge carrier transport, but also maintains significant reduction and oxidation potentials. SBN photocatalyst exhibits stable and persistent photocatalytic performance, significantly enhancing the degradation efficiency of AFB1 and OTA under all-weather conditions. Experimental data shows that the removal rate of AFB1 increased from 69.60 % after 60 min of illumination to 83.9 % after 4 h of turning off the light source; At the same time, the removal rate of OTA increased from 64.8 % to 78.1 %. •O2− and •OH were identified as key active species in photocatalytic reactions. Based on the analysis of AFB1 and OTA degradation intermediates and the prediction of degradation sites using density functional theory (DFT), degradation pathways for AFB1 and OTA were proposed. Collectively, these findings suggest a highly promising practical approach for the detoxification of mycotoxins in grain commodities.
{"title":"Efficient degradation of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A using dual Z-scheme Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+/BiVO4/NH2-UiO-66 heterojunctions with round-the-clock photocatalytic activity","authors":"Si-yuan He, Wei Wen, Peng Wu, Zhe Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a green and efficient technology for decomposing aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in grains has important theoretical value and application prospects for ensuring food safety. A dual Z-scheme ternary heterojunction photocatalyst, Sr<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>,Dy<sup>3+</sup>/BiVO<sub>4</sub>/NH<sub>2</sub>-UiO-66 (SBN), was prepared via a self-assembling hydrothermal approach. The SBN heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits round-the-clock photocatalytic activity due to the intrinsic light source of Sr<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> (SMS). Dual Z-scheme mechanism was proposed and validated through detailed analysis of quenching experiments, ESR spectra, band arrangement, and charge transfer processes. The dual Z-scheme mechanism not only promotes the effective transfer and separation of photo generated charge carriers during charge carrier transport, but also maintains significant reduction and oxidation potentials. SBN photocatalyst exhibits stable and persistent photocatalytic performance, significantly enhancing the degradation efficiency of AFB<sub>1</sub> and OTA under all-weather conditions. Experimental data shows that the removal rate of AFB<sub>1</sub> increased from 69.60 % after 60 min of illumination to 83.9 % after 4 h of turning off the light source; At the same time, the removal rate of OTA increased from 64.8 % to 78.1 %. •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and •OH were identified as key active species in photocatalytic reactions. Based on the analysis of AFB<sub>1</sub> and OTA degradation intermediates and the prediction of degradation sites using density functional theory (DFT), degradation pathways for AFB<sub>1</sub> and OTA were proposed. Collectively, these findings suggest a highly promising practical approach for the detoxification of mycotoxins in grain commodities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144792"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144788
Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos , Nathália de Assis Aguilar Duarte , Marília Ladeira de Araújo , Bruno Alves Rocha , Alexey A. Tinkov , Michael Aschner , Fernando Barbosa Jr.
This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of the blood metallome and its relationship with environmental and dietary factors in riverine communities from the Tapajós River region, Brazil. A repeated cross-sectional biomonitoring study was conducted during the dry (October–November 2022) and rainy (April–May 2023) seasons across 13 communities, involving 110 participants assessed in both seasons. Nineteen metals and metalloids were determined in blood samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant seasonal variations were observed, with median arsenic increasing from 3.73 μg/L to 6.95 μg/L, and mercury decreasing from 21.9 μg/L to 16.4 μg/L from the dry to the rainy season. Essential elements such as copper (997 μg/L to 783 μg/L) and zinc (5676 μg/L to 4436 μg/L) also exhibited notable differences. Selenium concentrations remained consistently elevated in both seasons, associated with Brazil nut consumption. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant associations between blood metal levels, dietary patterns, and sociodemographic factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering seasonal variability in biomonitoring studies and health policy development for Amazonian populations.
{"title":"Seasonal and dietary determinants of metal and metalloid exposure in riverine communities of the Brazilian Amazon: A study on temporal variation","authors":"Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos , Nathália de Assis Aguilar Duarte , Marília Ladeira de Araújo , Bruno Alves Rocha , Alexey A. Tinkov , Michael Aschner , Fernando Barbosa Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of the blood metallome and its relationship with environmental and dietary factors in riverine communities from the Tapajós River region, Brazil. A repeated cross-sectional biomonitoring study was conducted during the dry (October–November 2022) and rainy (April–May 2023) seasons across 13 communities, involving 110 participants assessed in both seasons. Nineteen metals and metalloids were determined in blood samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant seasonal variations were observed, with median arsenic increasing from 3.73 μg/L to 6.95 μg/L, and mercury decreasing from 21.9 μg/L to 16.4 μg/L from the dry to the rainy season. Essential elements such as copper (997 μg/L to 783 μg/L) and zinc (5676 μg/L to 4436 μg/L) also exhibited notable differences. Selenium concentrations remained consistently elevated in both seasons, associated with Brazil nut consumption. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant associations between blood metal levels, dietary patterns, and sociodemographic factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering seasonal variability in biomonitoring studies and health policy development for Amazonian populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144788"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144794
Harsha S. Rangappa , Samuel Ogechi Eke , Mohit Kumar , Phyu Phyu Cho , Shashidhar Thatikonda , Ch Subrahmanyam , Chuxia Lin
For the past decades, great efforts have been made to beneficially utilize red mud, a hazardous waste material from alumina refining. These include recovery of valuable metals, use as feedstock for making construction materials, and various environmental applications. There have been numerous review articles that evaluated and analyzed the published literature on the adsorption application of red mud for treating contaminated water. However, little effort has been made to synthesize the existing knowledge on red mud application as the feedstock for making coagulants, catalysts, and conditioners despite that there has been increasing published reports on these aspects. To fill this knowledge gap, a systematic review was conducted by initially screening relevant journal articles published within the last 10 years (2015–2025) and subsequently critically analyzing and evaluating the selected articles. The results showed that there was a clear trend that the published work on catalyst application increased over time, especially in the recent 5 years while the published work on coagulation and conditioner applications fluctuated. Red mud-derived catalysts were applied in different types of advanced oxidation processes, mainly including photocatalysis, conventional Fenton oxidation, photo-Fenton oxidation, electro-Fenton oxidation and persulfate oxidation. Through this systematic review, the challenges for red mud applications in making catalysts, coagulants and conditioners were identified and recommendations for further research are made accordingly.
{"title":"A systematic review on the uses of red mud as feedstock to make catalysts, coagulants and conditioners for treatment of contaminated water","authors":"Harsha S. Rangappa , Samuel Ogechi Eke , Mohit Kumar , Phyu Phyu Cho , Shashidhar Thatikonda , Ch Subrahmanyam , Chuxia Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the past decades, great efforts have been made to beneficially utilize red mud, a hazardous waste material from alumina refining. These include recovery of valuable metals, use as feedstock for making construction materials, and various environmental applications. There have been numerous review articles that evaluated and analyzed the published literature on the adsorption application of red mud for treating contaminated water. However, little effort has been made to synthesize the existing knowledge on red mud application as the feedstock for making coagulants, catalysts, and conditioners despite that there has been increasing published reports on these aspects. To fill this knowledge gap, a systematic review was conducted by initially screening relevant journal articles published within the last 10 years (2015–2025) and subsequently critically analyzing and evaluating the selected articles. The results showed that there was a clear trend that the published work on catalyst application increased over time, especially in the recent 5 years while the published work on coagulation and conditioner applications fluctuated. Red mud-derived catalysts were applied in different types of advanced oxidation processes, mainly including photocatalysis, conventional Fenton oxidation, photo-Fenton oxidation, electro-Fenton oxidation and persulfate oxidation. Through this systematic review, the challenges for red mud applications in making catalysts, coagulants and conditioners were identified and recommendations for further research are made accordingly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144794"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A silver-containing industrial plating effluent was upcycled as silver source for synthesize Ag-decorated WO3 catalysts for photocatalytic dye removal. WO3 was first synthesized via acid precipitation and calcination, and subsequently decorated by silver species from plating effluent by photodeposition. Through the proposed procedure, the upcycled silver species were identified as Ag/Ag2S, resulting in the formation of Ag-WO3 catalysts with enhanced light absorption capacity, increased defect density, and improved charge separation efficiency compared to pristine WO3. Content of Ag/Ag2S decorated on WO3 surface played crucial role in enhancing the activity of WO3 for methylene blue (MB) removal. Among all synthesized Ag-WO3 catalysts, the 4.8 Ag-WO3 sample demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving over 99 % MB removal within 90 min under visible light irradiation. Photogenerated h+ and O2•- exhibited an essential role in MB removal using the Ag-WO3 catalysts. The results of this study highlight a promising and sustainable strategy for synthesizing the waste-derived, silver-based photocatalysts from industrial silver-containing wastewater. This approach aligns with the principles of green synthesis, offers strong potential for scalability, and supports the concept of a circular economy by promoting waste reduction through a simple, cost-effective method for addressing wastewater.
{"title":"Upcycling industrial plating effluent for rapid synthesis of Ag-decorated defective WO3 with enhanced photocatalytic activity","authors":"Patcharapa Youyencharoen , Premsinee Junchum , Naphat Posachayanan , Auttawit Thoumrungroj , Pimchanok Longchin , Mali Hunsom","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A silver-containing industrial plating effluent was upcycled as silver source for synthesize Ag-decorated WO<sub>3</sub> catalysts for photocatalytic dye removal. WO<sub>3</sub> was first synthesized via acid precipitation and calcination, and subsequently decorated by silver species from plating effluent by photodeposition. Through the proposed procedure, the upcycled silver species were identified as Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>S, resulting in the formation of Ag-WO<sub>3</sub> catalysts with enhanced light absorption capacity, increased defect density, and improved charge separation efficiency compared to pristine WO<sub>3</sub>. Content of Ag/Ag<sub>2</sub>S decorated on WO<sub>3</sub> surface played crucial role in enhancing the activity of WO<sub>3</sub> for methylene blue (MB) removal. Among all synthesized Ag-WO<sub>3</sub> catalysts, the 4.8 Ag-WO<sub>3</sub> sample demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving over 99 % MB removal within 90 min under visible light irradiation. Photogenerated h<sup>+</sup> and O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> exhibited an essential role in MB removal using the Ag-WO<sub>3</sub> catalysts. The results of this study highlight a promising and sustainable strategy for synthesizing the waste-derived, silver-based photocatalysts from industrial silver-containing wastewater. This approach aligns with the principles of green synthesis, offers strong potential for scalability, and supports the concept of a circular economy by promoting waste reduction through a simple, cost-effective method for addressing wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144793"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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