Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144387
Gwangtaek Lee , Yewon Park , Jungho Hwang , Bangwoo Han , Yongjin Kim , Hak Joon Kim
The conventional packing-type scrubber was found to exhibit high efficiency in treating exhaust gases. However, achieving effective performance requires large surface areas of packing materials, leading to a substantial pressure drop and a large energy consumption. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the advantages of a non-packing scrubbing system and investigates the effect of thiosulfate (S2O32−) ion on NO2 absorption using a sulfite solution. The efficiency of the system with 0.1 M Na2SO3 solution increased substantially upon the addition of 0.1 M Na2S2O3 and maintained an efficiency of 90 % over extended periods. It also improved the absorbent oxidation ratio of O2 to NO2 from 13.6 to 3.9 mol O2 (mol NO2−1) because the Na2S2O3 was regarded as an effective oxidation inhibitor. Therefore, the total chemical usage for 450 min was lowered by a factor of 11.3 (to 0.192 mol d−1) when 0.1 M Na2S2O3-assisted 0.1 M Na2SO3 solution was used. This analysis showed that the addition of S2O32− ion can improve the NO2 removal efficiency and lower the chemical usage. In addition, because the implementation of the PHRS substantially reduces the pressure drop below 0.01 hPa in the scrubbing system, the cost-effective adaptation of the PHRS is feasible.
{"title":"Absorption of nitrogen dioxide via a non-packing scrubber using a sulfite/thiosulfate complex absorbent","authors":"Gwangtaek Lee , Yewon Park , Jungho Hwang , Bangwoo Han , Yongjin Kim , Hak Joon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conventional packing-type scrubber was found to exhibit high efficiency in treating exhaust gases. However, achieving effective performance requires large surface areas of packing materials, leading to a substantial pressure drop and a large energy consumption. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the advantages of a non-packing scrubbing system and investigates the effect of thiosulfate (S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) ion on NO<sub>2</sub> absorption using a sulfite solution. The efficiency of the system with 0.1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> solution increased substantially upon the addition of 0.1 M Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and maintained an efficiency of 90 % over extended periods. It also improved the absorbent oxidation ratio of O<sub>2</sub> to NO<sub>2</sub> from 13.6 to 3.9 mol O<sub>2</sub> (mol NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−1</sup>) because the Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was regarded as an effective oxidation inhibitor. Therefore, the total chemical usage for 450 min was lowered by a factor of 11.3 (to 0.192 mol d<sup>−1</sup>) when 0.1 M Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-assisted 0.1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> solution was used. This analysis showed that the addition of S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> ion can improve the NO<sub>2</sub> removal efficiency and lower the chemical usage. In addition, because the implementation of the PHRS substantially reduces the pressure drop below 0.01 hPa in the scrubbing system, the cost-effective adaptation of the PHRS is feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 144387"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144388
Aaron Albert Aryee , Alam Venugopal Narendra Kumar , Won Sik Shin
In this study, Fe involved N-doped carbon catalysts labelled as PA@Hemx (x = pyrolysis temperature) was synthesized through a one-step pyrolysis of hemin (Hem) and polyacrylate (PA). The reported method enables high dispersion and exposure of both Fe and N active sites on PA derived carbon. The PA@Hemx samples were then used for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated diclofenac (DCF) degradation. Results from the characterization studies verified the successful incorporation of hemin in the composite. Approximately 99.2 % DCF degradation at pH = 6.01 was achieved in 60 min using 0.1 g L−1 PA@Hem700 and 1.0 mM PMS. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model were used to described the uptake and equilibrium process in DCF/PA@Hem700 system. Scavenging and electron-spin-resonance studies showed a non-radical singlet oxygen species (1O2) dominates over •OH and SO4•− radicals in the system. The role of electron transfer was also verified via chronoamperometry and electrochemical-impedance spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, the PA@Hem700/PMS remained highly active towards DCF degradation even in the presence of common anions, humic acid, and various water matrices. The developed catalyst exhibited a TOC removal of 65.8 %. The study also established the potential of PA@Hem700/PMS to degrade other organic pollutants (e.g., tetracycline (TC), simazine (SIM), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX)). The results from this study are expected to advance research on synthesizing other novel polymer-based Fe/N–C catalysts for degrading organic pollutants.
{"title":"Novel hemin-derived Fe/N–C magnetic catalyst for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation and diclofenac degradation","authors":"Aaron Albert Aryee , Alam Venugopal Narendra Kumar , Won Sik Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Fe involved N-doped carbon catalysts labelled as PA@Hem<sub>x</sub> (x = pyrolysis temperature) was synthesized through a one-step pyrolysis of hemin (Hem) and polyacrylate (PA). The reported method enables high dispersion and exposure of both Fe and N active sites on PA derived carbon. The PA@Hem<sub>x</sub> samples were then used for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated diclofenac (DCF) degradation. Results from the characterization studies verified the successful incorporation of hemin in the composite. Approximately 99.2 % DCF degradation at pH = 6.01 was achieved in 60 min using 0.1 g L<sup>−1</sup> PA@Hem<sub>700</sub> and 1.0 mM PMS. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model were used to described the uptake and equilibrium process in DCF/PA@Hem<sub>700</sub> system. Scavenging and electron-spin-resonance studies showed a non-radical singlet oxygen species (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) dominates over <sup>•</sup>OH and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup> radicals in the system. The role of electron transfer was also verified via chronoamperometry and electrochemical-impedance spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, the PA@Hem<sub>700</sub>/PMS remained highly active towards DCF degradation even in the presence of common anions, humic acid, and various water matrices. The developed catalyst exhibited a TOC removal of 65.8 %. The study also established the potential of PA@Hem<sub>700</sub>/PMS to degrade other organic pollutants (e.g., tetracycline (TC), simazine (SIM), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX)). The results from this study are expected to advance research on synthesizing other novel polymer-based Fe/N–C catalysts for degrading organic pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 144388"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144378
Lucas dos Santos Lima , Erica Porto Fernandes , Andrea Novelli , Luiz Pereira da Costa , Michael Douglas Santos Monteiro , Marcos Vinícius Quirino dos Santos , Jefferson Arlen Freitas , Eliana Midori Sussuchi
Adsorbents derived from the bark of Inga edulis were developed for the removal of Cr(VI) ions. Chemical activation with sulfuric acid led to significant changes in the physicochemical properties of the biomass. The adsorbent materials denoted IB (inga biomass) and AIB (activated inga biomass) showed higher removal efficiencies at pH 2.0 and dosages of 1.0 and 0.25 g L−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics could be fitted using the Elovich model, indicating that the adsorption occurred on heterogeneous surfaces. The maximum adsorption capacities were 46.0 mg g−1 for IB and 356.6 mg g−1 for AIB, with behaviors that could be described by the Langmuir (monolayer) and Freundlich (multilayer) models, respectively. XPS analyses confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), due to interactions with oxygenated functional groups. Thermodynamic evaluation indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous, with exothermic character for IB and endothermic character for AIB. Ecotoxicological assays using Daphnia similis showed that a Cr(VI) concentration of 4.34 μg L−1 caused 50.0 % immobility, while adsorption by the materials eliminated the toxicity, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adsorbents in reducing environmental impacts. Additionally, an electrode derived from the adsorption of Cr(VI) on AIB, denoted CPEAIB-Cr-ads-active, presented good performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with high current density and low overpotential. The structure of the electrode, with high surface area and the presence of pores and cavities, was favorable for electrochemical catalysis, evidencing its potential for use in applications concerning renewable energy and environmental detoxification.
{"title":"Adsorption and ecotoxicology studies with aqueous solution of Cr(VI) ions using adsorbent materials derived from Inga edulis","authors":"Lucas dos Santos Lima , Erica Porto Fernandes , Andrea Novelli , Luiz Pereira da Costa , Michael Douglas Santos Monteiro , Marcos Vinícius Quirino dos Santos , Jefferson Arlen Freitas , Eliana Midori Sussuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorbents derived from the bark of <em>Inga edulis</em> were developed for the removal of Cr(VI) ions. Chemical activation with sulfuric acid led to significant changes in the physicochemical properties of the biomass. The adsorbent materials denoted IB (inga biomass) and AIB (activated inga biomass) showed higher removal efficiencies at pH 2.0 and dosages of 1.0 and 0.25 g L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The adsorption kinetics could be fitted using the Elovich model, indicating that the adsorption occurred on heterogeneous surfaces. The maximum adsorption capacities were 46.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for IB and 356.6 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for AIB, with behaviors that could be described by the Langmuir (monolayer) and Freundlich (multilayer) models, respectively. XPS analyses confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), due to interactions with oxygenated functional groups. Thermodynamic evaluation indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous, with exothermic character for IB and endothermic character for AIB. Ecotoxicological assays using <em>Daphnia similis</em> showed that a Cr(VI) concentration of 4.34 μg L<sup>−1</sup> caused 50.0 % immobility, while adsorption by the materials eliminated the toxicity, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adsorbents in reducing environmental impacts. Additionally, an electrode derived from the adsorption of Cr(VI) on AIB, denoted CPEAIB-Cr-ads-active, presented good performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with high current density and low overpotential. The structure of the electrode, with high surface area and the presence of pores and cavities, was favorable for electrochemical catalysis, evidencing its potential for use in applications concerning renewable energy and environmental detoxification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"378 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144348
Leslie Amaral , Márcia Martins , Manuela Côrte-Real , Tiago F. Outeiro , Susana R. Chaves , António Rego
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, and no effective cure is currently available. Neuropathologically, PD is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn)-rich proteinaceous inclusions within surviving neurons. As a multifactorial disorder, approximately 85 % of PD cases are sporadic with unknown etiology. Among the many risk factors implicated in PD, exposure to neurotoxic pesticides stands out as a significant contributor. While the effects of many are still uncharacterized, it has already been shown that rotenone, paraquat, maneb, and dieldrin affect critical cellular pathways, including mitochondrial and proteasomal dysfunction, aSyn aggregation, autophagy dysregulation, and disruption of dopamine metabolism. With the constant rise in pesticide usage to meet the demands of a growing human population, the risk of environmental contamination and subsequent PD development is also increasing. This review explores the molecular mechanisms by which pesticide exposure influences PD development, shedding light on their role in the pathogenesis of PD and highlighting the need for preventative measures and regulatory oversight to mitigate these risks.
{"title":"The neurotoxicity of pesticides: Implications for Parkinson's disease","authors":"Leslie Amaral , Márcia Martins , Manuela Côrte-Real , Tiago F. Outeiro , Susana R. Chaves , António Rego","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, and no effective cure is currently available. Neuropathologically, PD is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn)-rich proteinaceous inclusions within surviving neurons. As a multifactorial disorder, approximately 85 % of PD cases are sporadic with unknown etiology. Among the many risk factors implicated in PD, exposure to neurotoxic pesticides stands out as a significant contributor. While the effects of many are still uncharacterized, it has already been shown that rotenone, paraquat, maneb, and dieldrin affect critical cellular pathways, including mitochondrial and proteasomal dysfunction, aSyn aggregation, autophagy dysregulation, and disruption of dopamine metabolism. With the constant rise in pesticide usage to meet the demands of a growing human population, the risk of environmental contamination and subsequent PD development is also increasing. This review explores the molecular mechanisms by which pesticide exposure influences PD development, shedding light on their role in the pathogenesis of PD and highlighting the need for preventative measures and regulatory oversight to mitigate these risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144348"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144368
Mojtaba Hedyati Marzbali , Ahmad E. Kandjani , Stephen Kennedy , Mohammad Al Kobaisi , Adrian Trinchi , Ilias (Louis) Kyratzis , Nicholas Ebdon , Ylias Sabri , Kalpit Shah
As the global plastic waste crisis intensifies, upcycling polystyrene (PS) into styrene via pyrolysis emerges as a potential solution. Yet, the lack of optimised reactor designs has limited its large-scale implementation. This manuscript addresses this gap by modelling an auger pyrolysis reactor, focusing on mass and heat transfer to enhance PS upcycling efficiency. The one-dimensional model assumes heating from the reactor wall with a baseline temperature of 723 K and an activation energy for PS depolymerisation of 192.9 kJ/mol, reflecting direct PS conversion to styrene. Mass transfer calculations identify a temperature window of 633–733 K is required for complete PS conversion, while the heat transfer model is further developed to explore methods for achieving this temperature range. As the primary heat source, the wall temperature dictates the PS temperature along the reactor length and influences reactor design. Also, increasing the shaft temperature from 423 to 698 K significantly enhances heat transfer and PS conversion, as it acts as a secondary heat source rather than a heat sink. For catalytic reactions where activation energy may decrease to as low as 130 kJ/mol, the reactor length can be reduced to less than 0.2 m under the assumed conditions, highlighting the importance of catalysts in reactor design and capital investment. The model indicates with an activation energy of 160 kJ/mol, auger and wall temperatures set at 473 K and 723 K respectively, a complete PS conversion can be achieved within a reactor length of 0.75 m, corresponding to a processing time of approximately 25 min. This design enables a throughput of 1.89 kg/h of pure PS, equivalent to 94.5 L/h of expanded PS, demonstrating both scalability and potential for large-scale waste management and resource recovery. The compact reactor design also offers portability, facilitating on-site processing of PS waste.
{"title":"Design of a 1-D auger reactor for upcycling polystyrene to styrene via pyrolysis","authors":"Mojtaba Hedyati Marzbali , Ahmad E. Kandjani , Stephen Kennedy , Mohammad Al Kobaisi , Adrian Trinchi , Ilias (Louis) Kyratzis , Nicholas Ebdon , Ylias Sabri , Kalpit Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global plastic waste crisis intensifies, upcycling polystyrene (PS) into styrene via pyrolysis emerges as a potential solution. Yet, the lack of optimised reactor designs has limited its large-scale implementation. This manuscript addresses this gap by modelling an auger pyrolysis reactor, focusing on mass and heat transfer to enhance PS upcycling efficiency. The one-dimensional model assumes heating from the reactor wall with a baseline temperature of 723 K and an activation energy for PS depolymerisation of 192.9 kJ/mol, reflecting direct PS conversion to styrene. Mass transfer calculations identify a temperature window of 633–733 K is required for complete PS conversion, while the heat transfer model is further developed to explore methods for achieving this temperature range. As the primary heat source, the wall temperature dictates the PS temperature along the reactor length and influences reactor design. Also, increasing the shaft temperature from 423 to 698 K significantly enhances heat transfer and PS conversion, as it acts as a secondary heat source rather than a heat sink. For catalytic reactions where activation energy may decrease to as low as 130 kJ/mol, the reactor length can be reduced to less than 0.2 m under the assumed conditions, highlighting the importance of catalysts in reactor design and capital investment. The model indicates with an activation energy of 160 kJ/mol, auger and wall temperatures set at 473 K and 723 K respectively, a complete PS conversion can be achieved within a reactor length of 0.75 m, corresponding to a processing time of approximately 25 min. This design enables a throughput of 1.89 kg/h of pure PS, equivalent to 94.5 L/h of expanded PS, demonstrating both scalability and potential for large-scale waste management and resource recovery. The compact reactor design also offers portability, facilitating on-site processing of PS waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 144368"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes the temporal variations and source characteristics of air pollution in Delhi, examining the influence of meteorological conditions on pollutant concentrations. The goal is to provide insights for policymakers to develop effective emission reduction strategies and improve air quality. Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) were used to identify long-term trends and fluctuations in pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and NH3 from 2018 to 2023. Continuous Wavelet Transformation (CWT) and Cross-Wavelet Transformation (XWT) were utilized to explore seasonal patterns and pollutant-meteorology interactions. Receptor modeling techniques, including non-parametric wind regression and conditional probability function analysis, were applied to identify major pollution sources. The study found that key emission sources were located to the west, south, and southwest of the monitoring site for most pollutants, with ozone precursors predominantly originating from the north. ITA and DFA revealed persistent long-range correlations in pollutant levels, driven by stable emission sources and seasonal meteorological effects. CWT analysis showed distinct periodic patterns in air quality, with worsening conditions during winter and summer. The research highlights the role of temperature inversions, low wind speeds, and regional pollutant transport in exacerbating pollution levels but emphasizes that human-driven emission sources remain the primary contributors to air quality deterioration. While meteorological factors influence pollution dispersion, they do not diminish the urgency of emission control measures. The findings support the development of targeted pollution control policies, including emission reduction from industrial, vehicular, and biomass burning sources. Advancing real-time air quality monitoring and integrating socio-economic considerations into air pollution management will enhance the effectiveness of interventions, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11 - urban sustainability and SDG 3 - public health).
{"title":"Meteorological influences on air pollution dynamics in pollution epicentre of National Capital Region, India","authors":"Susanta Mahato , Sonali Kundu , Jan Cermak , P.K. Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes the temporal variations and source characteristics of air pollution in Delhi, examining the influence of meteorological conditions on pollutant concentrations. The goal is to provide insights for policymakers to develop effective emission reduction strategies and improve air quality. Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) were used to identify long-term trends and fluctuations in pollutants such as PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2</sub>.<sub>5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, O<sub>3</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> from 2018 to 2023. Continuous Wavelet Transformation (CWT) and Cross-Wavelet Transformation (XWT) were utilized to explore seasonal patterns and pollutant-meteorology interactions. Receptor modeling techniques, including non-parametric wind regression and conditional probability function analysis, were applied to identify major pollution sources. The study found that key emission sources were located to the west, south, and southwest of the monitoring site for most pollutants, with ozone precursors predominantly originating from the north. ITA and DFA revealed persistent long-range correlations in pollutant levels, driven by stable emission sources and seasonal meteorological effects. CWT analysis showed distinct periodic patterns in air quality, with worsening conditions during winter and summer. The research highlights the role of temperature inversions, low wind speeds, and regional pollutant transport in exacerbating pollution levels but emphasizes that human-driven emission sources remain the primary contributors to air quality deterioration. While meteorological factors influence pollution dispersion, they do not diminish the urgency of emission control measures. The findings support the development of targeted pollution control policies, including emission reduction from industrial, vehicular, and biomass burning sources. Advancing real-time air quality monitoring and integrating socio-economic considerations into air pollution management will enhance the effectiveness of interventions, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11 - urban sustainability and SDG 3 - public health).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144353"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144352
Duksoo Jang , Myungchan Kim , Hanna Choi , Sungju Im , Am Jang
Membrane fouling is the main issue impeding reverse osmosis (RO), a crucial technology for the wastewater reuse process. This study systematically investigated the composition of membrane foulants at different positions on the RO element and the main causes contributing to membrane fouling using membrane autopsy in a pilot-scale RO process for wastewater reclamation. Membrane foulants were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using two fouled RO membrane elements from various vessels. The results revealed that the lead RO membrane suffers more severe membrane fouling, which mainly consists of organic matter (aromatic protein-like and soluble microbial product-like) and biofilm. The inorganic fouling, such as Ca, Fe, and Na, is the major foulant composition of the tail RO membrane. The physical cleaning process showed insufficient flux recovery in both fouled RO membranes. The alkaline cleaning was more effective for the lead-fouled membrane, while the acid cleaning was more effective for the tail-fouled membrane. This study offers control strategies for wastewater reclamation as well as a thorough comprehensive knowledge of the composition of membrane fouling and its major contributors at various locations along the RO membrane.
{"title":"Fouling characteristics and cleaning strategies of reverse osmosis membranes at different stages in a wastewater reclamation process","authors":"Duksoo Jang , Myungchan Kim , Hanna Choi , Sungju Im , Am Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane fouling is the main issue impeding reverse osmosis (RO), a crucial technology for the wastewater reuse process. This study systematically investigated the composition of membrane foulants at different positions on the RO element and the main causes contributing to membrane fouling using membrane autopsy in a pilot-scale RO process for wastewater reclamation. Membrane foulants were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using two fouled RO membrane elements from various vessels. The results revealed that the lead RO membrane suffers more severe membrane fouling, which mainly consists of organic matter (aromatic protein-like and soluble microbial product-like) and biofilm. The inorganic fouling, such as Ca, Fe, and Na, is the major foulant composition of the tail RO membrane. The physical cleaning process showed insufficient flux recovery in both fouled RO membranes. The alkaline cleaning was more effective for the lead-fouled membrane, while the acid cleaning was more effective for the tail-fouled membrane. This study offers control strategies for wastewater reclamation as well as a thorough comprehensive knowledge of the composition of membrane fouling and its major contributors at various locations along the RO membrane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144301
Mariana Lendewig, Ronald Marquez, Jorge Franco, Ramon E. Vera, Keren A. Vivas, Naycari Forfora, Richard A. Venditti, Ronalds Gonzalez
Public concern over per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) continues to grow as evidence highlights their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and adverse health effects. Increasing detections in drinking water, consumer products, and industrial discharges have intensified regulatory scrutiny. This review examines the evolving PFAS regulatory landscape in the United States, focusing on the pulp, paper, and textiles industries, which contribute significantly to PFAS contamination through wastewater discharges, end-product disposal, and the absence of dedicated removal technologies. PFAS emissions from food packaging alone are estimated at 2,300 kg annually. Addressing contamination presents substantial economic challenges, with wastewater treatment costs projected to reach USD 3 billion annually and growing risks of legal liabilities exemplified by paper mill settlements reaching USD 11.9 million for historical pollution. Large-scale remediation of PFAS remains financially prohibitive, with estimates exceeding the global gross domestic product (GDP) of USD 106 trillion. Additionally, healthcare costs for PFAS-linked diseases exceed USD 62 billion and further emphasize the need for prevention. State-level restrictions on PFAS-containing consumer products are expanding, particularly in food packaging and textiles, which are now the most regulated across the United States. As PFAS-containing products face increasing market limitations and potential loss of sustainability certifications, which have already reduced sales growth by 70% in some cases, transitioning to non-fluorinated alternatives could significantly mitigate economic risks for paper and textiles companies. Within this context, this review highlights the urgency of integrating policy, technological innovation, and economic incentives to accelerate the transition away from PFAS and mitigate long-term environmental and financial liabilities.
{"title":"PFAS regulations and economic impact: A review of U.S. pulp & paper and textiles industries","authors":"Mariana Lendewig, Ronald Marquez, Jorge Franco, Ramon E. Vera, Keren A. Vivas, Naycari Forfora, Richard A. Venditti, Ronalds Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public concern over per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) continues to grow as evidence highlights their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and adverse health effects. Increasing detections in drinking water, consumer products, and industrial discharges have intensified regulatory scrutiny. This review examines the evolving PFAS regulatory landscape in the United States, focusing on the pulp, paper, and textiles industries, which contribute significantly to PFAS contamination through wastewater discharges, end-product disposal, and the absence of dedicated removal technologies. PFAS emissions from food packaging alone are estimated at 2,300 kg annually. Addressing contamination presents substantial economic challenges, with wastewater treatment costs projected to reach USD 3 billion annually and growing risks of legal liabilities exemplified by paper mill settlements reaching USD 11.9 million for historical pollution. Large-scale remediation of PFAS remains financially prohibitive, with estimates exceeding the global gross domestic product (GDP) of USD 106 trillion. Additionally, healthcare costs for PFAS-linked diseases exceed USD 62 billion and further emphasize the need for prevention. State-level restrictions on PFAS-containing consumer products are expanding, particularly in food packaging and textiles, which are now the most regulated across the United States. As PFAS-containing products face increasing market limitations and potential loss of sustainability certifications, which have already reduced sales growth by 70% in some cases, transitioning to non-fluorinated alternatives could significantly mitigate economic risks for paper and textiles companies. Within this context, this review highlights the urgency of integrating policy, technological innovation, and economic incentives to accelerate the transition away from PFAS and mitigate long-term environmental and financial liabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144301"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144335
Luis Vélez-Trujillo , Luca Carisio , Ewa Popiela , Lars Straub , Simone Tosi
Mating behaviour and fertility are strong selective forces, driving the reproductive trends of animals. Mating disorders may therefore contribute to the recent decline in insect and pollinators health worldwide. While the impact of pesticides on pollinators is widely considered as a driving factor for reducing pollinators health, their effect on mating behaviour and male fertility remains widely overlooked. Here, we assessed the effects of field-realistic exposure to a common pesticide used as a neonicotinoid substitute worldwide, sulfoxaflor, on the behaviour and male physiology of the solitary bee, Osmia bicornis. We measured a variety of parameters focusing on behaviours occurring before, and during mating, as well as sperm quantity. For the first time, we demonstrate that short-term chronic, field-realistic exposure to a common pesticide reduced pre-copulatory display (−36 %) and sounds (−27 %), increased the number of copulations (+110 %) and the mating duration (+166 %), while finally reducing sperm quantity (−25 %) and mating success (−43 %). Our research raises considerable concern on the impact of field-realistic, low sublethal pesticide levels on the fertility and reproductive success of pollinators. Assessing the impact of pesticides on fitness parameters and implementing more sustainable agricultural solutions would allow mitigating the ongoing threat of pesticide pollution on wild insect populations and the broader environment.
{"title":"Romance in peril: A common pesticide impairs mating behaviours and male fertility of solitary bees (Osmia bicornis)","authors":"Luis Vélez-Trujillo , Luca Carisio , Ewa Popiela , Lars Straub , Simone Tosi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mating behaviour and fertility are strong selective forces, driving the reproductive trends of animals. Mating disorders may therefore contribute to the recent decline in insect and pollinators health worldwide. While the impact of pesticides on pollinators is widely considered as a driving factor for reducing pollinators health, their effect on mating behaviour and male fertility remains widely overlooked. Here, we assessed the effects of field-realistic exposure to a common pesticide used as a neonicotinoid substitute worldwide, sulfoxaflor, on the behaviour and male physiology of the solitary bee, <em>Osmia bicornis</em>. We measured a variety of parameters focusing on behaviours occurring before, and during mating, as well as sperm quantity. For the first time, we demonstrate that short-term chronic, field-realistic exposure to a common pesticide reduced pre-copulatory display (−36 %) and sounds (−27 %), increased the number of copulations (+110 %) and the mating duration (+166 %), while finally reducing sperm quantity (−25 %) and mating success (−43 %). Our research raises considerable concern on the impact of field-realistic, low sublethal pesticide levels on the fertility and reproductive success of pollinators. Assessing the impact of pesticides on fitness parameters and implementing more sustainable agricultural solutions would allow mitigating the ongoing threat of pesticide pollution on wild insect populations and the broader environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144335"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144389
Siyu Liu , Xinyue Zhao , Yaobin Ding , Lina Wang , Yiyang Li , Jun He , Chengjun Wang
Water microdroplets are ubiquitous in atmospheric environment, where photo-irradiation and O3 are available, while photo-decomposition of trace organic pollutants in microdroplets and the impact of atmospheric environmental factors on the photo-chemistry remain unclear. In this study, photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species and degradation of typical endocrine disturbing compounds (EDCs) in microdroplets were investigated under various atmospheric conditions (O3, inorganic anions and fulvic acid). The experimental results demonstrate that EDCs can be degraded in microdroplets, and the degradation efficiency is further improved under the stimulated solar irradiation. The degradation efficiency of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), ethinyl estradiol (EE2), testosterone (T) exposing to sunlight irradiation is 55.45 %, 64.11 %, 89.72 %, and 24.72 %, respectively. The degradation of EDCs is attributed to the generation of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals at or near the microdroplets interface. In addition, with O3, the degradation efficiency of EDCs in microdroplets increased to 100 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 83.87 %, respectively. Common inorganic ions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, and HCO3−) and fulvic acid exhibit positive effects for degradation of EDCs at varying extents. Overall, these findings shed light on the generation of reactive oxygen species and degradation patthways of trace EDCs in microdroplets and improve the understanding of the effect associated with relevant environmental factors in atmospheric microdroplets.
{"title":"Fast decomposition of typical endocrine disturbing compounds in microdroplets under sunlight irradiation in the presence of ozone","authors":"Siyu Liu , Xinyue Zhao , Yaobin Ding , Lina Wang , Yiyang Li , Jun He , Chengjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water microdroplets are ubiquitous in atmospheric environment, where photo-irradiation and O<sub>3</sub> are available, while photo-decomposition of trace organic pollutants in microdroplets and the impact of atmospheric environmental factors on the photo-chemistry remain unclear. In this study, photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species and degradation of typical endocrine disturbing compounds (EDCs) in microdroplets were investigated under various atmospheric conditions (O<sub>3</sub>, inorganic anions and fulvic acid). The experimental results demonstrate that EDCs can be degraded in microdroplets, and the degradation efficiency is further improved under the stimulated solar irradiation. The degradation efficiency of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), ethinyl estradiol (EE2), testosterone (T) exposing to sunlight irradiation is 55.45 %, 64.11 %, 89.72 %, and 24.72 %, respectively. The degradation of EDCs is attributed to the generation of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals at or near the microdroplets interface. In addition, with O<sub>3</sub>, the degradation efficiency of EDCs in microdroplets increased to 100 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 83.87 %, respectively. Common inorganic ions (Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) and fulvic acid exhibit positive effects for degradation of EDCs at varying extents. Overall, these findings shed light on the generation of reactive oxygen species and degradation patthways of trace EDCs in microdroplets and improve the understanding of the effect associated with relevant environmental factors in atmospheric microdroplets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 144389"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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