Chemosphere最新文献_第2页

Quantification of paint flakes and metal emissions during pro-active in-water hull cleaning

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144291

Marten Fischer , Donna-Lee Garrick , Katja von Bargen , Jennifer Mayer , Torben Kirchgeorg , Burkard T. Watermann

Pro-active in-water hull cleaning is a viable option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preventing the transportation of non-indigenous species. Conversely, pro-active in-water cleaning (IWC) might lead to the emission of antifouling paint particles and biocides, posing a risk to the marine environment. However, the analysis of these APPs is particularly challenging. We have therefore adapted a thermoanalytical approach using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to analyze the abrasion of APPs. In this approach, the mass of APPs is determined by analyzing the polymer backbone and external calibration. We investigated the particulate abrasion of antifouling coatings for one ship with a self-polishing coating, one with a foul-release coating and one with an abrasion-resistant coating, in order to evaluate the different abrasion behavior and the suitability of the respective coating types for pro-active IWC. In addition, the zinc and copper emissions were analyzed.

The extrapolation of the abrasion for ships with 10,000 m² of wetted surface shows that both the abrasion-resistant coating and the foul-release coating release only small quantities of APPs during IWC, with 1.2–2.1∗10⁻⁴ kg for the abrasion-resistant coating and 0.015 kg for the foul-release coating. The potential emissions for self-polishing coatings showed significantly higher abrasion with 1.9–4.3 kg. In addition, copper and zinc emissions showed the same distribution trends for the self-polishing coating samples and were between 2.2-9.5 and 1.1–3.2 mg/L, respectively, exceeding common water quality standards by far. These results demonstrate that caution is required when balancing the advantages and disadvantages of IWC, especially with regard to self-polishing coatings.

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the greenhouse gas emissions of the Brazilian biodiesel and the impact of the mandatory blending of the biofuel into commercial diesel fuel

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144268

José Eduardo Holler Branco , Rodolfo Coelho Prates , Ana Luiza do Nascimento Oliveira , Ana Karine Furtado de Carvalho

Many countries have undertaken initiatives to enhance biodiesel production, aiming to boost domestic biofuel production and reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. The National Brazilian Council of Energy Policies (CNPE) has implemented a policy mandating blending biodiesel into commercial diesel fuel, starting at 13% in April 2023 and increasing to 15% by 2026. A key question is how much this policy can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To address this, we calculated the average carbon intensity (CI) of biodiesel produced in Brazil, using data from biodiesel producers certified under the Brazilian program for biofuel carbon credits (RENOVABIO). We found an average of 21.58 g of carbon dioxide equivalent per megajoule of biodiesel produced. It represents at least a 75% decrease compared to pure diesel fuel. Also, our estimates suggest that mandatory biodiesel blending could prevent the emission of at least 170 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent between 2023 and 2030. We anticipate that the findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the impact of mandatory biodiesel blending on GHG reduction in Brazil. The methodology developed in this study could be applied to assess the effects of biodiesel production in other regions.

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引用次数: 0

Stir bar sorptive extraction TDU-GC-QToF-HRMS for screening 230 pesticides in waters surrounding banana plantations in Costa Rica through community engagement

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144251

Caterina Cacciatori , Giulio Mariani , Sara Comero , Daniela Marin , Maria Cabrera , Jennifer Bon-Tavarnese , Joel Gaggstatter , Jackie Myers , Vincent Pettigrove , Bernd Manfred Gawlik

“The Gems of Water” citizens' engagement activity united the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission with the Costa Rican based NGO Coral Conservation to screen for pesticides in local rivers using wide-screening technology. Citizens used stir bar sorptive extraction to collect and extract samples from three rivers and two wells in the south Caribbean region of Costa Rica, an area known for export-based banana agriculture. The advanced wide-screening method provided by the JRC Water Laboratory enabled the assessment of 230 agrochemicals. While the JRC supplied the technical equipment and protocols, the pesticide screening to be investigated and the monitoring scheme were co-designed with Coral Conservation group members, a local NGO. The pilot study collected new data on pesticide occurrence and their toxicity in the local tropical environment, complementing on-going studies in the region. The study found 23 pesticides, the majority of which are fungicides registered for use in banana cultivation (azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, fluopyram, thiabendazole). Cumulative pesticide concentrations ranged from 5.3 ng/L in the upper catchment of the Estrella River (E-a) to 954.9 ng/L in the lower catchment of the Sixaola River (S-c), where the highest individual compound concentration was also recorded for fungicide azoxystrobin (425.0 ng/L). At the sampling sites along the Carbon River and in the lower catchment of the Sixaola River, compounds fenamiphos, fenpropathrin and azoxystrobin were the main responsible for the elevated toxic units (Toxic Units >0.01) for crustacean daphnia magna. Beyond highlighting the link between agrochemical occurrences in surface waters and surrounding land use, the citizens’ engagement aspect promotes alternative water quality monitoring methods, raising awareness and scientific literacy in local communities and underscoring the value of bottom-up approaches.

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the key toxicity indicators and mechanisms on phytotoxicity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles in rice (Oryza sativa)

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144270

Rekha Chandran Prasanna Ramachandran , Gauri Santhoshkumar Sreedevi , Boby T. Edwin , Shajesh Palantavida , Mangalaraja R. Viswanathan , Anas Shereef

The splendid varieties of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO₂) and their diverse applications stimulated their uncontrolled discharge in the biological system. So, in the present study, Oryza sativa was adopted as a model plant and its phytotoxic effects were studied with neutrally charged, >12 nm sized spherical nCeO₂ (0 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L, 6 g/L, 8 g/L & 10 g/L). The studies were also conducted with bulk ceria counterparts and compared. This work is focused on a systematic approach to evaluate the phytotoxicity of nCeO₂ in Oryza sativa, in terms of key toxicity indicators, nanoparticle uptake, and aggregation mechanisms. With this study, we propose a new sensing approach with non-fluorescent/non-chemiluminescent molecules for the detection of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to study the mechanism of phytotoxicity. An aggregation mechanism was also detailed to explicate the ROS-induced phytotoxicity. The study demonstrates that an increase in the production of ROS causes progressive cellular damage in Oryza sativa only at lower exposure level concentrations of nCeO₂ (≥4 g/L). Our findings revealed that the key toxicity indicators and the actual nanoparticle uptake and aggregation mechanisms will decide the extent of phytotoxicity of nCeO₂ in Oryza sativa.

{"title":"Unveiling the key toxicity indicators and mechanisms on phytotoxicity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles in rice (Oryza sativa)","authors":"Rekha Chandran Prasanna Ramachandran , Gauri Santhoshkumar Sreedevi , Boby T. Edwin , Shajesh Palantavida , Mangalaraja R. Viswanathan , Anas Shereef","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The splendid varieties of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO<sub>2</sub>) and their diverse applications stimulated their uncontrolled discharge in the biological system. So, in the present study, Oryza sativa was adopted as a model plant and its phytotoxic effects were studied with neutrally charged, >12 nm sized spherical nCeO<sub>2</sub> (0 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L, 6 g/L, 8 g/L & 10 g/L). The studies were also conducted with bulk ceria counterparts and compared. This work is focused on a systematic approach to evaluate the phytotoxicity of nCeO<sub>2</sub> in Oryza sativa, in terms of key toxicity indicators, nanoparticle uptake, and aggregation mechanisms. With this study, we propose a new sensing approach with non-fluorescent/non-chemiluminescent molecules for the detection of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to study the mechanism of phytotoxicity. An aggregation mechanism was also detailed to explicate the ROS-induced phytotoxicity. The study demonstrates that an increase in the production of ROS causes progressive cellular damage in Oryza sativa only at lower exposure level concentrations of nCeO<sub>2</sub> (≥4 g/L). Our findings revealed that the key toxicity indicators and the actual nanoparticle uptake and aggregation mechanisms will decide the extent of phytotoxicity of nCeO<sub>2</sub> in Oryza sativa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144270"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blood and cloacal microbiome profile of captive green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata): Water quality and conservation implications

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144223

Xin Li Ching , Syamsyahidah Samsol , Mohd Uzair Rusli , Mohamad Aqmal-Naser , Joseph Anak Bidai , Christian Sonne , Xin Wu , Nyuk Ling Ma

In this study, we studied the environment factors such as plastics and heavy metals affecting the blood and cloacal microbiome of green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) in captivity. By non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, data has shown that the environment factors (p = 0.02), rather than species differences (p = 0.06), significantly influenced the composition of the cloacal microbiota of green and hawksbill turtles. The cloacal microbiota of both captive green and hawksbill turtles was dominated by several similar dominant phyla at differential abundance. Green turtles' cloacal microbiome was made up of 46% of Proteobacteria, 31% of Bacteroidota, 11% of Campylobacterota and 4% of Firmicutes, while the hawksbill turtles’ cloacal microbiome was made up of 33% of Bacteroidota, 18% of Firmicutes, 17% of Proteobacteria, and 2% of Campylobacterota. Water conductivity, salinity, microplastic polymers (polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene), and copper are positively associated (p < 0.05) with blood urea nitrogen. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were found also negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with water pH, polyethylene terephthalate, iron, lead and zinc. The correlations established in this study shed light on the intricate interplay between water quality and the physiological responses of sea turtles. Recognizing these relationships is pivotal for monitoring and preserving the well-being of sea turtles in their natural habitats.

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引用次数: 0

Geochemical characterization of groundwater and source apportionment of potential pollutants in a tribal stretch infected with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144272

Herojeet Rajkumar , Pradeep K. Naik , Rakesh K. Dewangan , Janak R. Verma , Prabir K. Naik

This paper draws world attention toward a tribal stretch in central India exposed to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). To date, about 100 people have died and more than 300 hospitalized from a single village, Supebeda, of 1200 inhabitants. The occurrence of CKDu in this part of the world is a recent discovery and its potential pollutants are still eluding human understanding. Since groundwater is being accused as the culprit, this contribution attempts to characterize the area geochemically, study major rock-water interactions, identify potential pollutants, and apportion their sources. Analytical results of 27 groundwater samples reveal that the area suffers from NO₃⁻ (0–128.3 mg/L) and F⁻ (0–1.9 mg/L) contamination with total hardness, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cl⁻ as other violator parameters. Comprehensive Water Quality Index classifies ∼52% of the samples as potable; ∼37% could be suitable for drinking pending certain treatment. While elevated F⁻ concentrations are due to the weathering of fluoride-bearing minerals (fluorite, amphiboles, biotite, hornblende, granite gneiss, etc.), the excess Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions are attributed to 63% of the samples exhibiting cation exchange processes (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻ < Na⁺ + K⁺) resulting from the weathering of carbonate (calcite, dolomite), anhydrite, gypsum, calc-silicate (anorthite, plagioclase, amphiboles) and ferromagnesian (hornblende, biotite) minerals in the metamorphic rocks. About 22% of the samples depict reverse ion exchange processes (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻ > Na⁺ + K⁺) due to silicate weathering including dissolution of Cl⁻ salts (albite and halite minerals) and anthropogenic inputs that also contribute to elevated concentrations of NO₃⁻.

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引用次数: 0

Mercury dynamics in the mangrove-influenced estuary of the Parnaíba Delta, Brazil

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144262

Andreia C.M. Rodrigues , Natalia Torres-Rodriguez , Jingjing Yuan , Aurélie Dufour , Luiz Drude de Lacerda , Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida

The Parnaíba River Delta (PRD), located in northeastern Brazil, is an ecologically crucial estuarine system little impacted by anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to assess mercury (Hg) contamination levels in the water and sediments and their link to changes in the hydrographic parameters across the delta to evaluate spatial distribution patterns and Hg speciation. Water and surface sediment samples were collected from 12 stations throughout the PRD. Results showed that total Hg (tHg) levels ranged from 4.27 to 39.01 pM, with the majority associated with particles (pHg: 16.03 ± 9.95 pM). Dissolved methylmercury concentrations (dMeHg: 0.043 ± 0.015 pM) were low and represented a minor fraction of Hg. Seawater intrusion during flood tide was associated with lower levels of all Hg species. Particulate Hg was sequestered and stored in the fine-grained mangrove sediments (0.14–28.2 ng g⁻¹ dry weight). Our study provides baseline data on Hg cycling in the PRD, highlighting its pristine condition and function as a buffer between terrestrial and marine environments. Pristine mangrove systems are effectively sequestering carbon and mercury and should, therefore, be considered as blue carbon and blue mercury ecosystems for mitigation strategies.

{"title":"Mercury dynamics in the mangrove-influenced estuary of the Parnaíba Delta, Brazil","authors":"Andreia C.M. Rodrigues , Natalia Torres-Rodriguez , Jingjing Yuan , Aurélie Dufour , Luiz Drude de Lacerda , Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Parnaíba River Delta (PRD), located in northeastern Brazil, is an ecologically crucial estuarine system little impacted by anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to assess mercury (Hg) contamination levels in the water and sediments and their link to changes in the hydrographic parameters across the delta to evaluate spatial distribution patterns and Hg speciation. Water and surface sediment samples were collected from 12 stations throughout the PRD. Results showed that total Hg (tHg) levels ranged from 4.27 to 39.01 pM, with the majority associated with particles (pHg: 16.03 ± 9.95 pM). Dissolved methylmercury concentrations (dMeHg: 0.043 ± 0.015 pM) were low and represented a minor fraction of Hg. Seawater intrusion during flood tide was associated with lower levels of all Hg species. Particulate Hg was sequestered and stored in the fine-grained mangrove sediments (0.14–28.2 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight). Our study provides baseline data on Hg cycling in the PRD, highlighting its pristine condition and function as a buffer between terrestrial and marine environments. Pristine mangrove systems are effectively sequestering carbon and mercury and should, therefore, be considered as blue carbon and blue mercury ecosystems for mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144262"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What happens in your water system? Impact of materials, temperature, stagnation and chlorination on water quality and biofilm formation

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144248

Margot Cazals, Emilie Bédard, Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado, Michèle Prévost

Building water distribution system materials are diverse and their impact on water quality depends on nutrients, stagnation, and temperature. The main objective was to investigate the interplay between material type, temperature and stagnation on water quality and biofilm formation potential. CDC biofilm reactors were used to compare concentrations of metals, total (DOC) and biodegradable (BDOC) dissolved organic carbon, and total and viable cells densities in water and biofilms in contact with coupons of 6 materials: polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), stainless steel (SS) and copper (Cu). All materials were colonized by bacteria, with denser biofilm observed on EPDM > PP > PVC > PEX > Cu – SS. Copper and EPDM reactors showed different dynamics of accumulation and release of Cu and Pb, with bulk Pb concentrations exceeding 5 μg/L. Increasing temperatures from 25 °C to 40, 55 and 60 °C resulted in an increase by at least a factor 2 of DOC and BDOC, a temporary decrease in cell viability (%) and contrasting trends for suspended total bacteria (up to 1.4-log). Biofilm densities remained lower for all reactors after two months of constant heating at 40 °C, even further for copper reactors heated to 55 °C (2.5-log) and 60 °C (2.7-log). A 4-week stagnation at room temperature promoted total bacteria recovery in water and biofilm for all materials except copper. Extending stagnation to 6 months (COVID-19 shutdown) further increased total bacteria and the viable fraction in water, except in copper reactors.

{"title":"What happens in your water system? Impact of materials, temperature, stagnation and chlorination on water quality and biofilm formation","authors":"Margot Cazals, Emilie Bédard, Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado, Michèle Prévost","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building water distribution system materials are diverse and their impact on water quality depends on nutrients, stagnation, and temperature. The main objective was to investigate the interplay between material type, temperature and stagnation on water quality and biofilm formation potential. CDC biofilm reactors were used to compare concentrations of metals, total (DOC) and biodegradable (BDOC) dissolved organic carbon, and total and viable cells densities in water and biofilms in contact with coupons of 6 materials: polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), stainless steel (SS) and copper (Cu). All materials were colonized by bacteria, with denser biofilm observed on EPDM > PP > PVC > PEX > Cu – SS. Copper and EPDM reactors showed different dynamics of accumulation and release of Cu and Pb, with bulk Pb concentrations exceeding 5 μg/L. Increasing temperatures from 25 °C to 40, 55 and 60 °C resulted in an increase by at least a factor 2 of DOC and BDOC, a temporary decrease in cell viability (%) and contrasting trends for suspended total bacteria (up to 1.4-log). Biofilm densities remained lower for all reactors after two months of constant heating at 40 °C, even further for copper reactors heated to 55 °C (2.5-log) and 60 °C (2.7-log). A 4-week stagnation at room temperature promoted total bacteria recovery in water and biofilm for all materials except copper. Extending stagnation to 6 months (COVID-19 shutdown) further increased total bacteria and the viable fraction in water, except in copper reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144248"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concerns linked to highly dispersed iron anchored within graphitic carbon nitride, is it a truly promising material to drive heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatments?

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144255

Simone Pellegrino, Iván Sciscenko , Fabrizio Caldera, Claudio Minero, Enzo Laurenti, Marco Minella

The precipitation of iron at pH > 4 is one of the main drawbacks of any Fenton-based process. Among the engineered solutions, the incorporation of iron within the wide cavities of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has recently gained momentum. However, most works employing Fe-g-CN materials usually employ high H₂O₂ concentrations (>25 mM) to observe considerable pollutant abatements (without or with UV–vis light irradiation, i.e., by heterogeneous dark- or photo-Fenton processes, respectively). To gain further insights into this issue, in this work, Fe-g-CN, with different amounts of iron, were synthesised by thermal polycondensation of melamine and FeCl₃·6H₂O as precursors and compared its performance with the g-CN alone. Under UV-A light, a content of 0.2% w/w of iron in the g-CN was optimal to improve the oxidative performances of target pollutants (phenol and sulfamethoxazole 100 μM, respectively), higher Fe-loadings decreased the photocatalytic performances with respect to g-CN. Interestingly, this trend was inversed when adding H₂O₂ 1 mM, being the pollutant removal by g-CN faster than that by Fe-g-CN (for phenol, k_obs = 8.02 × 10⁻² min⁻¹ and 2.83 × 10⁻² min⁻¹, respectively), opposed to expectations. Furthermore, HO^•, HO₂^• or ¹O₂ were barely detected by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, indicating that the reactive species should oxidise the g-CN rather than react with the spin traps. Finally, although g-CN oxidation was not observed by typical characterisation techniques (such as FT-IR/ATR), we have observed 6 times more nitrates formation by illuminated Fe-g-CN than g-CN, indicating that iron enhances the self-oxidation of illuminated carbon nitrides. Our results demonstrate that iron incorporation in g-CN might be not as convenient as usually stated in the literature, as the stability of the photocatalyst is drastically reduced, releasing nitrates and possibly decreasing the material's lifetime.

{"title":"Concerns linked to highly dispersed iron anchored within graphitic carbon nitride, is it a truly promising material to drive heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatments?","authors":"Simone Pellegrino, Iván Sciscenko , Fabrizio Caldera, Claudio Minero, Enzo Laurenti, Marco Minella","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precipitation of iron at pH > 4 is one of the main drawbacks of any Fenton-based process. Among the engineered solutions, the incorporation of iron within the wide cavities of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has recently gained momentum. However, most works employing Fe-g-CN materials usually employ high H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations (>25 mM) to observe considerable pollutant abatements (without or with UV–vis light irradiation, i.e., by heterogeneous dark- or photo-Fenton processes, respectively). To gain further insights into this issue, in this work, Fe-g-CN, with different amounts of iron, were synthesised by thermal polycondensation of melamine and FeCl<sub>3</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O as precursors and compared its performance with the g-CN alone. Under UV-A light, a content of 0.2% w/w of iron in the g-CN was optimal to improve the oxidative performances of target pollutants (phenol and sulfamethoxazole 100 μM, respectively), higher Fe-loadings decreased the photocatalytic performances with respect to g-CN. Interestingly, this trend was inversed when adding H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 1 mM, being the pollutant removal by g-CN faster than that by Fe-g-CN (for phenol, k<sub>obs</sub> = 8.02 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> and 2.83 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively), opposed to expectations. Furthermore, HO<sup>•</sup>, HO<sub>2</sub><sup>•</sup> or <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> were barely detected by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, indicating that the reactive species should oxidise the g-CN rather than react with the spin traps. Finally, although g-CN oxidation was not observed by typical characterisation techniques (such as FT-IR/ATR), we have observed 6 times more nitrates formation by illuminated Fe-g-CN than g-CN, indicating that iron enhances the self-oxidation of illuminated carbon nitrides. Our results demonstrate that iron incorporation in g-CN might be not as convenient as usually stated in the literature, as the stability of the photocatalyst is drastically reduced, releasing nitrates and possibly decreasing the material's lifetime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144255"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced PFBS adsorption via silver-impregnated activated carbon: Mechanistic insights and Thermodynamic analysis

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144257

Seyed Javad Amirfakhri, Ben Zobel, Michael Karsten Lilla, Christopher Tomaszewski, Olivia Stellpflug

This study investigates the effect of silver nanoparticle impregnation on the performance of activated carbon (AC) for perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) adsorption. Using the deposition-precipitation method, three silver-impregnated activated carbon (SIAC) adsorbents were synthesized with varying silver contents: SIAC0.01 (0.15 wt%), SIAC0.1 (1.7 wt%), and SIAC1 (8.5 wt%). Among these, SIAC0.1 exhibited the highest adsorption capacity at 25 °C and was selected for detailed analysis. The adsorption mechanism of PFBS on SIAC0.1 was examined at 25, 35, and 45 °C, yielding key kinetic parameters, including reaction rate constants and activation energies. Additionally, the thermodynamic properties of the adsorption process, including

Δ H^{\neq}

,

Δ S^{\neq}

, and

Δ G^{\neq}

, were evaluated. The findings reveal that silver nanoparticle impregnation significantly enhances the kinetic and thermodynamic favorability of PFBS adsorption, leading to a substantial increase in adsorption capacity. This work highlights the potential of silver-impregnated activated carbon as an effective adsorbent for PFBS removal.

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引用次数: 0