Vanadium is considered a microelement of great industrial, environmental, biological, and pharmacological importance. Vanadium-containing complexes have been widely used as biologically active compounds. Outside cells, vanadium exists in the form of the vanadate anion, while inside cells, it primarily exists as the tetravalent vanadyl cation. Both a deficiency and an excess of vanadium in the human body can lead to various diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect vanadium (V) ions using fluorescent carbon dots, which are capable of rapid and sensitive detection. In this study, carbon dots synthesized from chitosan and melamine were used as fluorescent reagents. Fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) were synthesized by hydrothermally treating 99.95% pure chitosan with melamine at 180 °C for 5 h, followed by freeze-drying in a lyophilizer, and purification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These dots were found to emit bright green fluorescence. The formation of green fluorescence is associated with the incorporation of nitrogen into the carbon materials, which were then used for the detection of vanadium (V) ions. The C-dots and their complexation with vanadium (V) were fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry.
{"title":"Synthesis of carbon dots based on chitosan and melamine and their application in detecting vanadate (V) anions","authors":"Farida ALLAMBERGENOVA , Zulayho SMANOVA , Nigora QUTLIMUROTOVA , Abdurakhman ABDREYMOV , Fotima SOBIROVA , Ruhiya QUTLIMUROTOVA , Khusan YAKHSHINOROV","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium is considered a microelement of great industrial, environmental, biological, and pharmacological importance. Vanadium-containing complexes have been widely used as biologically active compounds. Outside cells, vanadium exists in the form of the vanadate anion, while inside cells, it primarily exists as the tetravalent vanadyl cation. Both a deficiency and an excess of vanadium in the human body can lead to various diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect vanadium (V) ions using fluorescent carbon dots, which are capable of rapid and sensitive detection. In this study, carbon dots synthesized from chitosan and melamine were used as fluorescent reagents. Fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) were synthesized by hydrothermally treating 99.95% pure chitosan with melamine at 180 °C for 5 h, followed by freeze-drying in a lyophilizer, and purification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These dots were found to emit bright green fluorescence. The formation of green fluorescence is associated with the incorporation of nitrogen into the carbon materials, which were then used for the detection of vanadium (V) ions. The C-dots and their complexation with vanadium (V) were fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inspired by the advantageous properties of coumarin and thiazole fluorophores, we rationally designed and developed a novel coumarin-thiazole conjugated fluorescent probe (PC), featuring an acryloyl ester group as the triggering and responding entity for the specific identification of cysteine (Cys). Probe PC exhibited a distinct color change (colorless to bright green), a large Stokes shift, excellent sensitivity, high selectivity, and strong anti-interference capabilities. the density function theory (DFT), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) assays further affirmed that the response mechanism encompasses an addition-cyclization reaction between the acryloyl domain of probe PC and the sulfhydryl and amino entities of Cys, engendering the liberation of a lustrous green fluorescent chromophore (PCOH) that can be visually discerned. Compared with previous reports, this is a new scaffold based on coumarin that achieves the quantitative determination of Cys in different food matrices in real-time. Furthermore, probe PC is effectively employed for visual imaging of Cys in A549 cells and five-day-old zebrafish, exhibiting low cytotoxicity and favorable cellular permeability, which demonstrated its practical application.
{"title":"A novel coumarin-thiazole conjugated ICT fluorescent probe for cysteine specific detection in food samples, living cells and zebrafish","authors":"Xiaoyan CAO, Yifan WEI, Yingyue DING, Yichi ZHANG, Chuanqing REN, Qin WANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the advantageous properties of coumarin and thiazole fluorophores, we rationally designed and developed a novel coumarin-thiazole conjugated fluorescent probe (PC), featuring an acryloyl ester group as the triggering and responding entity for the specific identification of cysteine (Cys). Probe PC exhibited a distinct color change (colorless to bright green), a large Stokes shift, excellent sensitivity, high selectivity, and strong anti-interference capabilities. the density function theory (DFT), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) assays further affirmed that the response mechanism encompasses an addition-cyclization reaction between the acryloyl domain of probe PC and the sulfhydryl and amino entities of Cys, engendering the liberation of a lustrous green fluorescent chromophore (PC<strong><img></strong>OH) that can be visually discerned. Compared with previous reports, this is a new scaffold based on coumarin that achieves the quantitative determination of Cys in different food matrices in real-time. Furthermore, probe PC is effectively employed for visual imaging of Cys in A549 cells and five-day-old zebrafish, exhibiting low cytotoxicity and favorable cellular permeability, which demonstrated its practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The occurrence of illicit drugs in water has been extensively reported around the world, however, limited data are available in sediments, probably due to the lack of effective and robust analytical methods. This research established a sensitive method for determining 12 illicit drugs, including amphetamine, methamphetamine, methcathinone, ephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-n-methamphetamine, norketamine, ketamine, benzoylecgonine, codeine, cocaine, and methadone in sediments. The combination of salt and solution (extraction step) and adsorbents (purification step) in the QuEChERS method was optimized to enhance the applicability and reliability of the analytical approach, which was subsequently combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The developed method demonstrated satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.995) within 0.1 to 50 ng/g dry weight (dw), with limits of detection and quantification ranging from 0.0077 to 0.0299 ng/g dw and 0.0255 to 0.0996 ng/g dw, respectively. Recoveries of target drugs ranged from 60.5 % to 114.9 %, with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations below 10.9 % and 12.3 %, respectively, which are within the acceptable limits. Application of the validated method to sediments from the Beiyunhe River Basin, China revealed the presence of nine out of twelve targeted drugs. Total drug concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 1.18 ng/g dw, with ephedrine being predominant, followed by amphetamine and methadone. Ecological risk assessments indicated low biological hazards from the detected drugs to aquatic ecosystems. However, due to their high polarity and biological activity, continued attention to the ecological risks of illicit drugs would provide greater reassurance. This research presents the first application of QuEChERS for extracting illicit drugs from sediments. The optimized method elucidates these emerging contaminants' behavior and facilitates accurate environmental risk assessments. Due to its high sensitivity, good recovery and precision, the method is well-suited to routine monitoring of trace-level illicit drugs in complex sediment matrices.
{"title":"Determination of illicit drugs in sediments using a modified QuEChERS method coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Meng ZHANG, Changsheng GUO, Heng ZHANG, Yanghui DENG, Xu TAN, Ya GAO, Jian XU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of illicit drugs in water has been extensively reported around the world, however, limited data are available in sediments, probably due to the lack of effective and robust analytical methods. This research established a sensitive method for determining 12 illicit drugs, including amphetamine, methamphetamine, methcathinone, ephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-n-methamphetamine, norketamine, ketamine, benzoylecgonine, codeine, cocaine, and methadone in sediments. The combination of salt and solution (extraction step) and adsorbents (purification step) in the QuEChERS method was optimized to enhance the applicability and reliability of the analytical approach, which was subsequently combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The developed method demonstrated satisfactory linearity (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> > 0.995) within 0.1 to 50 ng/g dry weight (dw), with limits of detection and quantification ranging from 0.0077 to 0.0299 ng/g dw and 0.0255 to 0.0996 ng/g dw, respectively. Recoveries of target drugs ranged from 60.5 % to 114.9 %, with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations below 10.9 % and 12.3 %, respectively, which are within the acceptable limits. Application of the validated method to sediments from the Beiyunhe River Basin, China revealed the presence of nine out of twelve targeted drugs. Total drug concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 1.18 ng/g dw, with ephedrine being predominant, followed by amphetamine and methadone. Ecological risk assessments indicated low biological hazards from the detected drugs to aquatic ecosystems. However, due to their high polarity and biological activity, continued attention to the ecological risks of illicit drugs would provide greater reassurance. This research presents the first application of QuEChERS for extracting illicit drugs from sediments. The optimized method elucidates these emerging contaminants' behavior and facilitates accurate environmental risk assessments. Due to its high sensitivity, good recovery and precision, the method is well-suited to routine monitoring of trace-level illicit drugs in complex sediment matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100541
Walaa GABER , Nabila SHEHATA , May BIN-JUMAH , Ahmed A. ALLAM , Wail Al ZOUBI , Mostafa R. ABUKHADRA
Magnesium-rich zeolite-A (Mg.ZA) was successfully synthesized from natural talc minerals as a novel form of magnesium silicate zeolitic structure with a surface area of 187 m2/g and mesoporous nature (1.5 to 10 nm). Different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET), confirmed the formation of Mg.ZA. The adsorption properties of Mg.ZA were evaluated for effective retention of toxic Cd (II) and Zn (II) metallic ions from the water supplies. The Mg.ZA structure displays significant capacities for the two ions, with saturation capacities (278 mg/g (Cd (II)) and 221.2 mg/g (Zn (II)) higher than several investigated adsorbents. Based on the steric analysis of the applied advanced isotherm models, the structure of Mg.ZA was enriched in 150 and 106.9 mg/g effective uptake sites during the retention of Cd (II) and Zn (II), respectively. Up to three ions of Cd (II) and Zn (II) can occupy each of these sites, contributing to their adsorption in a vertical orientation through multi-interaction or multi-ionic mechanisms. The energetic assessment, either based on Gaussian energy (< 7 kJ/mol) or adsorption energy (< 6 kJ/mol), suggested the predominant impact of physical mechanisms (hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction), in addition to the impact of the zeolitic ion exchange process (0.6 to 25 kJ/mol). Furthermore, the thermodynamic functions declare the retention of these ions into the framework of Mg.ZA by exothermic and spontaneous reactions.
{"title":"Steric and energetic studies on the retention of Cd (II) and Zn (II) metal ions into magnesium rich zeolite-A synthesized from natural talc: Experimental and theoretical studies","authors":"Walaa GABER , Nabila SHEHATA , May BIN-JUMAH , Ahmed A. ALLAM , Wail Al ZOUBI , Mostafa R. ABUKHADRA","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium-rich zeolite-A (Mg.ZA) was successfully synthesized from natural talc minerals as a novel form of magnesium silicate zeolitic structure with a surface area of 187 m<sup>2</sup>/g and mesoporous nature (1.5 to 10 nm). Different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET), confirmed the formation of Mg.ZA. The adsorption properties of Mg.ZA were evaluated for effective retention of toxic Cd (II) and Zn (II) metallic ions from the water supplies. The Mg.ZA structure displays significant capacities for the two ions, with saturation capacities (278 mg/g (Cd (II)) and 221.2 mg/g (Zn (II)) higher than several investigated adsorbents. Based on the steric analysis of the applied advanced isotherm models, the structure of Mg.ZA was enriched in 150 and 106.9 mg/g effective uptake sites during the retention of Cd (II) and Zn (II), respectively. Up to three ions of Cd (II) and Zn (II) can occupy each of these sites, contributing to their adsorption in a vertical orientation through multi-interaction or multi-ionic mechanisms. The energetic assessment, either based on Gaussian energy (< 7 kJ/mol) or adsorption energy (< 6 kJ/mol), suggested the predominant impact of physical mechanisms (hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction), in addition to the impact of the zeolitic ion exchange process (0.6 to 25 kJ/mol). Furthermore, the thermodynamic functions declare the retention of these ions into the framework of Mg.ZA by exothermic and spontaneous reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 6","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100530
Ming BAI, Xuebing LI, Yawen LIU, Liwei ZHAO, Qingqi FENG, Jianlong MA
Trigonelline is an alkaloid primarily found in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. With the growing application of trigonelline in drug development and quality control, the development of efficient and accurate analytical methods is critical to ensure its proper assessment and utilization. This study aims to develop and validate a HPLC method for the precise separation and quantitative determination of trigonelline. The method utilizes a Dalian Elite Hypersil NH2 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water (70:30, v/v), a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, column temperature maintained at 35 °C, and detection wavelength set at 264 nm. The method was applied to analyze fenugreek seed extracts prepared via ultrasonic extraction with methanol, employing a 30-minute extraction time. The results demonstrated that the method achieved an excellent linear range (R2 > 0.9999), high precision (RSD < 2 %), system suitability, and recovery rate is between 95 % and 105 %, meeting the quality standards for trigonelline analysis. In conclusion, this study introduces a reliable and efficient HPLC method, offering robust technical support for the quantitative analysis of trigonelline and the quality evaluation of related pharmaceutical products, facilitating its application in clinical drug monitoring and standardization.
葫芦巴碱是一种主要存在于葫芦巴种子中的生物碱，具有多种药理活性，包括抗糖尿病、抗氧化和抗炎作用。随着葫芦巴碱在药物开发和质量控制中的应用越来越广泛，建立高效、准确的分析方法是保证其合理评价和利用的关键。本研究旨在建立高效液相色谱法精确分离和定量测定葫芦巴碱。方法采用大连Elite Hypersil NH2色谱柱（250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5µm），流动相为乙腈：水（70:30,v/v），流速为1.0 mL/min，柱温35℃，检测波长264 nm。采用该方法对甲醇超声提取胡芦巴籽提取物进行了分析，提取时间为30分钟。结果表明，该方法具有良好的线性范围(R2 >；0.9999)，高精度(RSD <；回收率在95 % ~ 105 %之间，符合葫芦巴碱分析的质量标准。综上所述，本研究引入了一种可靠、高效的HPLC方法，为葫芦巴碱的定量分析和相关药品的质量评价提供了有力的技术支持，促进了葫芦巴碱在临床药物监测和标准化中的应用。
{"title":"Development and validation of an HPLC method for quantitative analysis of trigonelline","authors":"Ming BAI, Xuebing LI, Yawen LIU, Liwei ZHAO, Qingqi FENG, Jianlong MA","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trigonelline is an alkaloid primarily found in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. With the growing application of trigonelline in drug development and quality control, the development of efficient and accurate analytical methods is critical to ensure its proper assessment and utilization. This study aims to develop and validate a HPLC method for the precise separation and quantitative determination of trigonelline. The method utilizes a Dalian Elite Hypersil NH<sub>2</sub> chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water (70:30, <em>v</em>/<em>v</em>), a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, column temperature maintained at 35 °C, and detection wavelength set at 264 nm. The method was applied to analyze fenugreek seed extracts prepared via ultrasonic extraction with methanol, employing a 30-minute extraction time. The results demonstrated that the method achieved an excellent linear range (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> > 0.9999), high precision (RSD < 2 %), system suitability, and recovery rate is between 95 % and 105 %, meeting the quality standards for trigonelline analysis. In conclusion, this study introduces a reliable and efficient HPLC method, offering robust technical support for the quantitative analysis of trigonelline and the quality evaluation of related pharmaceutical products, facilitating its application in clinical drug monitoring and standardization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 6","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100532
Mei YAN , Guanping LAI , Renzhong XIAO
Epimedium (Epimedium Tourn. ex L.), a traditional Chinese herb, is known for its kidney-nourishing and Yang-reinforcing properties. Its flavonoids exhibit potential anticancer properties. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which epimedium impacts hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. To elucidate these mechanisms, we employed a network pharmacology strategy. Active ingredients of epimedium were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, whereas HCC-associated genes were extracted from five different databases. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database, followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery platform. Network analyses were conducted using Cytoscape 3.8.0 and R 4.0.4 with the Bioconductor package. Our findings revealed 23 active ingredients and 65 common targets in HCC, potentially modulating core targets, such as Cellular tumor antigen p53, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and Hepatocyte growth factor receptor. Chryseriol, luteolin, and kaempferol emerged as the top three core components affecting cancer pathways. Molecular docking studies confirmed that these ingredients effectively bind to the aforementioned targets. In summary, the therapeutic benefits of epimedium in HCC are likely attributed to bioactive ingredients such as chryseriol, luteolin, and kaempferol, which facilitate apoptosis in HCC cells. These ingredients also modulate crucial cancer-related pathways, including pidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, PI3K-Akt signaling, and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. This study offers valuable insights into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying epimedium’s effects in HCC, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic agent.
淫羊藿（淫羊藿）（如L.），一种传统的中国草药，以其滋肾补阳的特性而闻名。它的类黄酮具有潜在的抗癌特性。然而，epimedium影响肝细胞癌（HCC）的确切机制尚不清楚。为了阐明这些机制，我们采用了网络药理学策略。从中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台数据库中鉴定淫羊藿的有效成分，从5个不同的数据库中提取hcc相关基因。利用STRING数据库构建蛋白-蛋白互作网络，利用database for Annotation、Visualization和Integrated Discovery平台对基因本体和京都基因与基因组百科全书进行路径分析。使用Cytoscape 3.8.0和r4.0.4以及Bioconductor软件包进行网络分析。我们的研究结果揭示了23种有效成分和65种HCC常见靶点，潜在调节核心靶点，如细胞肿瘤抗原p53、血管内皮生长因子A、rac - α丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶、胰岛素样生长因子1受体和肝细胞生长因子受体。金缕木酚、木犀草素和山奈酚是影响癌症途径的三大核心成分。分子对接研究证实，这些成分与上述靶点有效结合。综上所述，淫羊藿在HCC中的治疗作用可能归因于其生物活性成分，如金苍酚、木犀草素和山奈酚，它们促进了HCC细胞的凋亡。这些成分还可以调节关键的癌症相关通路，包括表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药性、PI3K-Akt信号和血管内皮生长因子信号。本研究为淫羊藿在HCC中作用的药理学机制提供了有价值的见解，突出了其作为一种有前景的治疗剂的潜力。
{"title":"Network pharmacology-based identification of key pharmacological pathways of epimedium acting on hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Mei YAN , Guanping LAI , Renzhong XIAO","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Epimedium</em> (<em>Epimedium</em> Tourn. ex L.), a traditional Chinese herb, is known for its kidney-nourishing and Yang-reinforcing properties. Its flavonoids exhibit potential anticancer properties. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which e<em>pimedium</em> impacts hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. To elucidate these mechanisms, we employed a network pharmacology strategy. Active ingredients of <em>epimedium</em> were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, whereas HCC-associated genes were extracted from five different databases. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database, followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery platform. Network analyses were conducted using Cytoscape 3.8.0 and R 4.0.4 with the Bioconductor package. Our findings revealed 23 active ingredients and 65 common targets in HCC, potentially modulating core targets, such as Cellular tumor antigen p53, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and Hepatocyte growth factor receptor. Chryseriol, luteolin, and kaempferol emerged as the top three core components affecting cancer pathways. Molecular docking studies confirmed that these ingredients effectively bind to the aforementioned targets. In summary, the therapeutic benefits of <em>epimedium</em> in HCC are likely attributed to bioactive ingredients such as chryseriol, luteolin, and kaempferol, which facilitate apoptosis in HCC cells. These ingredients also modulate crucial cancer-related pathways, including pidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, PI3K-Akt signaling, and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. This study offers valuable insights into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying e<em>pimedium</em>’s effects in HCC, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 6","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100511
Angstone Thembachako MLANGENI , Fatema JAGOT , Sydney NAMAUMBO , Noel Jabesi KAPITO , Deborah Charles TSUKULUZA , Loti BOTHA , Patrick NDOVIE , Patsani KUMAMBALA
Background
Selenium is an essential trace element that exists in various forms, including methylated species, each with distinct biological activities and toxicity profiles. Understanding these transformations is critical for evaluating selenium's role in health and the environment. This review was conducted through a targeted search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as "selenium methylation detection" and "analytical methods for selenium" were used to gather a broad and relevant selection of articles. Studies were included based on their relevance, methodological quality, and contributions to the field.
Results
The review provides a detailed analysis of both established and emerging analytical techniques for selenium detection. This includes gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It evaluates the effectiveness of these methods in separating, identifying, and quantifying selenium species, with a particular focus on sensitivity, selectivity, and throughput. Additionally, new technologies such as capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are discussed for their potential to enhance precision and efficiency.
Significance
This review highlights the critical role of advanced analytical methods in understanding selenium transformations and improving measurement accuracy. By addressing challenges such as matrix effects, overlapping retention times, and spectral interferences, the review underscores the importance of reliable selenium analysis for health and environmental assessments, and provides insights into the ongoing advancements in analytical technology.
硒是一种必需的微量元素，以多种形式存在，包括甲基化的形式，每种形式都具有不同的生物活性和毒性特征。了解这些转化对于评估硒在健康和环境中的作用至关重要。本综述是通过多个数据库的目标搜索进行的，包括PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar。关键词如“硒甲基化检测”和“硒的分析方法”收集广泛和相关的文章选择。研究根据其相关性、方法质量和对该领域的贡献被纳入。结果对现有的和新兴的硒检测技术进行了详细的分析。这包括气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS），液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS），高效液相色谱（HPLC）， x射线吸收光谱（XAS）和核磁共振（NMR）。它评估了这些方法在分离、鉴定和定量硒的有效性，特别关注灵敏度、选择性和通量。此外，还讨论了毛细管电泳耦合电感耦合等离子体质谱（CE-ICP-MS）和激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）等新技术在提高精度和效率方面的潜力。本文综述了先进的分析方法在理解硒转化和提高测量精度方面的重要作用。通过解决诸如基质效应、重叠保留时间和光谱干扰等挑战，该综述强调了可靠的硒分析对健康和环境评估的重要性，并为分析技术的持续进步提供了见解。
{"title":"Analytical strategies for quantifying methylated selenium species in staple crops: Methods, and emerging techniques","authors":"Angstone Thembachako MLANGENI , Fatema JAGOT , Sydney NAMAUMBO , Noel Jabesi KAPITO , Deborah Charles TSUKULUZA , Loti BOTHA , Patrick NDOVIE , Patsani KUMAMBALA","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Selenium is an essential trace element that exists in various forms, including methylated species, each with distinct biological activities and toxicity profiles. Understanding these transformations is critical for evaluating selenium's role in health and the environment. This review was conducted through a targeted search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as \"selenium methylation detection\" and \"analytical methods for selenium\" were used to gather a broad and relevant selection of articles. Studies were included based on their relevance, methodological quality, and contributions to the field.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review provides a detailed analysis of both established and emerging analytical techniques for selenium detection. This includes gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It evaluates the effectiveness of these methods in separating, identifying, and quantifying selenium species, with a particular focus on sensitivity, selectivity, and throughput. Additionally, new technologies such as capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are discussed for their potential to enhance precision and efficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This review highlights the critical role of advanced analytical methods in understanding selenium transformations and improving measurement accuracy. By addressing challenges such as matrix effects, overlapping retention times, and spectral interferences, the review underscores the importance of reliable selenium analysis for health and environmental assessments, and provides insights into the ongoing advancements in analytical technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 4","pages":"Article 100511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100528
Jianli LI, Jun AN, Haining YU, Jing WANG
Stray currents can cause electrochemical corrosion of metals, accelerate material aging, and even pose safety hazards. By studying corrosion behavior and speed, the degree of damage caused by stray currents to metals can be evaluated, protective measures (cathodic protection, insulation design, etc.) can be optimized, the service life of metal structures can be extended, maintenance costs can be reduced, and the safe and stable operation of power systems and infrastructure can be ensured. Therefore, research on the electrochemical corrosion behavior and velocity analysis method of metals under AC stray current. This article mainly explores the influence of different alternating current (AC) stray current densities on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel. The experiment used Yingtan soil simulation solution, and analyzed the changes in indicators through electrochemical testing, corrosion morphology observation, and corrosion rate calculation. The results indicate that the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in soil simulation solution shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing when disturbed by AC stray current density. In the initial stage, the synergistic effect of high concentrations of Cl– and O2 leads to a faster corrosion rate. Over time, corrosion products increase and form a film layer, which hinders harmful ion erosion and slows down the corrosion rate. However, after prolonged immersion, the corrosion product film may crack, crevice, or even peel off, causing crevice corrosion and galvanic corrosion, accelerating the corrosion process. AC stray current forms a "tip discharge" through the defect, further exacerbating corrosion. With the increase of AC interference current density, the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel significantly increases, and the main corrosion form changes from uniform corrosion to localized corrosion. When the stray current density is greater than or equal to 200 A/m2, the corrosion degree of 316L stainless steel under the peeling coating reaches severe corrosion. This study is of great significance for understanding the impact of AC stray currents on metal corrosion and developing effective protective measures.
{"title":"Analysis of metal electrochemical corrosion behavior and velocity under AC stray current","authors":"Jianli LI, Jun AN, Haining YU, Jing WANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stray currents can cause electrochemical corrosion of metals, accelerate material aging, and even pose safety hazards. By studying corrosion behavior and speed, the degree of damage caused by stray currents to metals can be evaluated, protective measures (cathodic protection, insulation design, etc.) can be optimized, the service life of metal structures can be extended, maintenance costs can be reduced, and the safe and stable operation of power systems and infrastructure can be ensured. Therefore, research on the electrochemical corrosion behavior and velocity analysis method of metals under AC stray current. This article mainly explores the influence of different alternating current (AC) stray current densities on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel. The experiment used Yingtan soil simulation solution, and analyzed the changes in indicators through electrochemical testing, corrosion morphology observation, and corrosion rate calculation. The results indicate that the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in soil simulation solution shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing when disturbed by AC stray current density. In the initial stage, the synergistic effect of high concentrations of Cl<sup>–</sup> and O<sub>2</sub> leads to a faster corrosion rate. Over time, corrosion products increase and form a film layer, which hinders harmful ion erosion and slows down the corrosion rate. However, after prolonged immersion, the corrosion product film may crack, crevice, or even peel off, causing crevice corrosion and galvanic corrosion, accelerating the corrosion process. AC stray current forms a \"tip discharge\" through the defect, further exacerbating corrosion. With the increase of AC interference current density, the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel significantly increases, and the main corrosion form changes from uniform corrosion to localized corrosion. When the stray current density is greater than or equal to 200 A/m<sup>2</sup>, the corrosion degree of 316L stainless steel under the peeling coating reaches severe corrosion. This study is of great significance for understanding the impact of AC stray currents on metal corrosion and developing effective protective measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 6","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100531
Tao FANG , Tingting WANG , Uchkun ISHIMOV , Yuan LI , Ghulam MURTAZA , Awais IHSAN , Yanbing PAN , Ruiting TIAN , Han CHENG , Xianju HUANG
The contamination, passivation, or fouling of the detection electrodes is a serious problem undermining the analytical performance of electroanalytical devices. In this paper, a simple and effective carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFME) renewal method was proposed for the first time. CFME was pretreated with an initial potential of 1.75 V in deionized water for 26.13 min to obtain an activated electrode with a significantly increased electrochemical response to dopamine. This method can restore the electrochemical performance of the inactivated CFME. An advantage of this method is that its activation and regeneration effect on the electrode was not less than the other reported activation solutions, although deionized water does not contain any other electrolyte. Our study furthered the understanding of the activation mechanism of CFME treated electrochemically in deionized water, this was ascribed to a renewing in the surface of carbon fibers after electrochemical treatment. At the same time, it was proved that the oxygen-containing functional groups were modified on the surface of activated CFME, which led to the regeneration of an electrochemically active surface and improved CFME sensitivity. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) response of dopamine showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9961) on the regenerated CFME in the concentration range from 1.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−4 mol/L. A limit of detection as low as 3.1 × 10–8 mol/L was found. The regenerated CFME was quite stable and had good reproducibility. It is expected to be applied to activate and regenerate electrodes contaminated in the monitoring of a complex biological microenvironment.
{"title":"Electrochemical surface modification and regeneration of carbon fiber microelectrodes in deionized water","authors":"Tao FANG , Tingting WANG , Uchkun ISHIMOV , Yuan LI , Ghulam MURTAZA , Awais IHSAN , Yanbing PAN , Ruiting TIAN , Han CHENG , Xianju HUANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contamination, passivation, or fouling of the detection electrodes is a serious problem undermining the analytical performance of electroanalytical devices. In this paper, a simple and effective carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFME) renewal method was proposed for the first time. CFME was pretreated with an initial potential of 1.75 V in deionized water for 26.13 min to obtain an activated electrode with a significantly increased electrochemical response to dopamine. This method can restore the electrochemical performance of the inactivated CFME. An advantage of this method is that its activation and regeneration effect on the electrode was not less than the other reported activation solutions, although deionized water does not contain any other electrolyte. Our study furthered the understanding of the activation mechanism of CFME treated electrochemically in deionized water, this was ascribed to a renewing in the surface of carbon fibers after electrochemical treatment. At the same time, it was proved that the oxygen-containing functional groups were modified on the surface of activated CFME, which led to the regeneration of an electrochemically active surface and improved CFME sensitivity. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) response of dopamine showed good linearity (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.9961) on the regenerated CFME in the concentration range from 1.0 × 10<sup>−7</sup> to 1.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mol/L. A limit of detection as low as 3.1 × 10<sup>–8</sup> mol/L was found. The regenerated CFME was quite stable and had good reproducibility. It is expected to be applied to activate and regenerate electrodes contaminated in the monitoring of a complex biological microenvironment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 6","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100529
Xilong QIAN , Sicheng WU , Liu ZHOU , Zheng LIU , Yanqiong PAN , Xiangsong MENG , YuLu MA , Fang FANG , Kewei WANG , Jing ZHAO , Shengjin LIU
With the continuous rise of consumers' material and physical health pursuit, it is particularly critical to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of natural healthy mineral materials such as Maifanitum. The progress of modern analytical technology enables us to deeply study the internal characteristics and mechanism of these traditional mineral materials, providing a solid scientific foundation and technical support for the application of Maifanitum. A comprehensive analysis of Maifanitum was conducted using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ATR-FTIR analysis established a quality control fingerprint for Maifanitum, and the similarity evaluation method was employed to assess the similarity between different samples. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis revealed distinct absorption peaks among Maifanitum samples from different production areas, enabling traceability and identification. ICP-MS technology was utilized to analyze the inorganic elements in Maifanitum, revealing numerous elements closely associated with human health. These findings indicate that the established ATR-FTIR fingerprint can be effectively used to identify and control the quality of Maifanitum. The characteristics of inorganic elements in Maifanitum can not only help to distinguish its sources, but also provide a theoretical basis for the current application of Maifanitum in health care.
{"title":"Characterization and Health - related Study of Maifanitum by ATR - FTIR and ICP - MS","authors":"Xilong QIAN , Sicheng WU , Liu ZHOU , Zheng LIU , Yanqiong PAN , Xiangsong MENG , YuLu MA , Fang FANG , Kewei WANG , Jing ZHAO , Shengjin LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous rise of consumers' material and physical health pursuit, it is particularly critical to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of natural healthy mineral materials such as Maifanitum. The progress of modern analytical technology enables us to deeply study the internal characteristics and mechanism of these traditional mineral materials, providing a solid scientific foundation and technical support for the application of Maifanitum. A comprehensive analysis of Maifanitum was conducted using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ATR-FTIR analysis established a quality control fingerprint for Maifanitum, and the similarity evaluation method was employed to assess the similarity between different samples. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis revealed distinct absorption peaks among Maifanitum samples from different production areas, enabling traceability and identification. ICP-MS technology was utilized to analyze the inorganic elements in Maifanitum, revealing numerous elements closely associated with human health. These findings indicate that the established ATR-FTIR fingerprint can be effectively used to identify and control the quality of Maifanitum. The characteristics of inorganic elements in Maifanitum can not only help to distinguish its sources, but also provide a theoretical basis for the current application of Maifanitum in health care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 6","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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