Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111514
Jing Ye , Ao Xu , Zhijia Wang , Hang Luo , Xiwen Yang , Sheng Chen
All-aromatic polyimide dielectric films will seriously lose their energy storage performance at high temperatures because of high conductive loss caused by the conjugation effect of benzene rings in the backbone and charge transfer effect, especially commercial Kapton film. In order to maintain the low leakage current and energy storage stability of polyimide under high temperature and electric field, a synergistic strategy is employed to synthesize Kapton-based cross-linked dielectric films, involving polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cross-linked structure and a partial aliphatic structure. The results show that the energy storage performance of cross-linked ternary polyimides is significantly enhanced at room temperature and high temperature due to the construction of a “peak-shaped barrier” that effectively suppresses charge injection and transport. The discharge energy densities at room temperature and 150 °C are 8.01 J/cm3 and 5.04 J/cm3, respectively, which are much higher than those of pure Kapton. This study provides a valuable strategy and insights for the development of polyimide dielectrics with high capacitive properties over a wide temperature range.
{"title":"Strategic structural design of polyimide dielectrics toward superior high-temperature energy storage performance","authors":"Jing Ye , Ao Xu , Zhijia Wang , Hang Luo , Xiwen Yang , Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-aromatic polyimide dielectric films will seriously lose their energy storage performance at high temperatures because of high conductive loss caused by the conjugation effect of benzene rings in the backbone and charge transfer effect, especially commercial Kapton film. In order to maintain the low leakage current and energy storage stability of polyimide under high temperature and electric field, a synergistic strategy is employed to synthesize Kapton-based cross-linked dielectric films, involving polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cross-linked structure and a partial aliphatic structure. The results show that the energy storage performance of cross-linked ternary polyimides is significantly enhanced at room temperature and high temperature due to the construction of a “peak-shaped barrier” that effectively suppresses charge injection and transport. The discharge energy densities at room temperature and 150 °C are 8.01 J/cm<sup>3</sup> and 5.04 J/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively, which are much higher than those of pure Kapton. This study provides a valuable strategy and insights for the development of polyimide dielectrics with high capacitive properties over a wide temperature range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 111514"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111505
Wujie Chen , Kunkun Fu , Yan Li
A novel algorithm was developed for generating representative volume elements (RVEs) of randomly distributed continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) with high fiber volume fraction, based on a modified optimization approach of two-dimensional packing problems. This study presents, for the first time, a novel application of two-dimensional packing algorithms to composite RVE modeling, enabling the generation of RVEs with high fiber volume fractions (FVFs). To simultaneously satisfy inter-fiber distance constraints and ensure randomness in fiber distribution, a parameter representing the inter-fiber distance was incorporated into the constraint equations of the optimization model and was specified to follow a uniform random distribution. Fiber diameters can be defined as either constant values or assigned based on statistical distribution functions. The algorithm successfully achieved fiber volume fractions of up to 80 % while maintaining sufficient inter-fiber distances to enable finite element meshing of the RVEs. Moreover, the proposed method exhibited comparatively high computational efficiency over several existing RVE generation techniques for CFRCs. The spatial randomness of the fiber arrangement was confirmed by analyzing the generated RVEs with various statistical functions. Finally, the validity of the RVEs was verified by comparing finite element simulation results with experimental mechanical property data from T700/7901 epoxy composites, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"A novel algorithm for generating RVEs of continuous fiber reinforced composites with high fiber volume fraction","authors":"Wujie Chen , Kunkun Fu , Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel algorithm was developed for generating representative volume elements (RVEs) of randomly distributed continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) with high fiber volume fraction, based on a modified optimization approach of two-dimensional packing problems. This study presents, for the first time, a novel application of two-dimensional packing algorithms to composite RVE modeling, enabling the generation of RVEs with high fiber volume fractions (FVFs). To simultaneously satisfy inter-fiber distance constraints and ensure randomness in fiber distribution, a parameter representing the inter-fiber distance was incorporated into the constraint equations of the optimization model and was specified to follow a uniform random distribution. Fiber diameters can be defined as either constant values or assigned based on statistical distribution functions. The algorithm successfully achieved fiber volume fractions of up to 80 % while maintaining sufficient inter-fiber distances to enable finite element meshing of the RVEs. Moreover, the proposed method exhibited comparatively high computational efficiency over several existing RVE generation techniques for CFRCs. The spatial randomness of the fiber arrangement was confirmed by analyzing the generated RVEs with various statistical functions. Finally, the validity of the RVEs was verified by comparing finite element simulation results with experimental mechanical property data from T700/7901 epoxy composites, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 111505"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111503
Yan Wang , Hao Zhang , Xianhui Dong , Na Li , Yan Wang , Yinjun Chen , Junrong Yu , Zuming Hu , Meifang Zhu
The interfacial strengthening of aramid fiber/epoxy (AF/EP) composites is primarily challenged by the significant modulus mismatch between the fibers and matrix. Furthermore, the inherent chemical inertness of AFs results in a scarcity of surface-active sites, which leads to weak interfacial interactions and inefficient stress transfer. Consequently, the overall mechanical performance of fibrous composites was severely limited. Inspired by “mussel adhesive protein”, this study designed and synthesized an amphiphilic organic molecule, dipentaerythritol-2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine-hexylisocyanate (DiPE-UPy) as the mussel protein-inspired adhesive, and employed graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets which provide high stiffness and a large specific surface area as ordered crystalline structures in proteins to construct an organic-inorganic hybrid sizing agent via a co-assembly strategy. The hybrid coating established a high-density cross-linking network between AFs and epoxy resin through multiple interactions, including quadruple hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, thus significantly enhanced interfacial compatibility and synergistic stress transfer efficiency. The results demonstrated that the interfacial shear strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of the modified AF/EP composites were increased by 87.47 %, 63.02 %, and 44.75 %, respectively, compared to the blank UAF/EP composite. The bio-inspired interface construction strategy provides an efficient and scalable new approach for developing high-performance AF-reinforced composites.
{"title":"A mussel-inspired interfacial engineering strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of aramid fiber/epoxy composites","authors":"Yan Wang , Hao Zhang , Xianhui Dong , Na Li , Yan Wang , Yinjun Chen , Junrong Yu , Zuming Hu , Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interfacial strengthening of aramid fiber/epoxy (AF/EP) composites is primarily challenged by the significant modulus mismatch between the fibers and matrix. Furthermore, the inherent chemical inertness of AFs results in a scarcity of surface-active sites, which leads to weak interfacial interactions and inefficient stress transfer. Consequently, the overall mechanical performance of fibrous composites was severely limited. Inspired by “mussel adhesive protein”, this study designed and synthesized an amphiphilic organic molecule, dipentaerythritol-2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine-hexylisocyanate (DiPE-UPy) as the mussel protein-inspired adhesive, and employed graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets which provide high stiffness and a large specific surface area as ordered crystalline structures in proteins to construct an organic-inorganic hybrid sizing agent via a co-assembly strategy. The hybrid coating established a high-density cross-linking network between AFs and epoxy resin through multiple interactions, including quadruple hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, thus significantly enhanced interfacial compatibility and synergistic stress transfer efficiency. The results demonstrated that the interfacial shear strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of the modified AF/EP composites were increased by 87.47 %, 63.02 %, and 44.75 %, respectively, compared to the blank UAF/EP composite. The bio-inspired interface construction strategy provides an efficient and scalable new approach for developing high-performance AF-reinforced composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 111503"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111500
Jiaying Pan , Zhijie Liu , Dong Quan , Dongsheng Yue , Xuemin Wang , Jiaming Liu , Mengmeng Han , Guoqun Zhao
This study proposes an innovative surface pretreatment strategy to enable robust ultrasonic welding between aluminum alloys and CF/PEEK composites. Specifically, sandblasting and laser ablation were employed to generate distinct microstructures on the aluminum substrate surface, followed by the consolidation of a PEI interlayer through hot pressing. The interlayer attached on the aluminum surface served as an effective coupling medium to promote mechanical interlocking and chemical compatibility during welding. By optimizing the surface treatment parameters and ultrasonic welding displacement, a maximum lap shear strength of 36.4 MPa was achieved in Al-CF/PEEK hybrid joints. Failure analysis revealed severe substrate damage in the CF/PEEK adherend, confirming the formation of a strong interfacial interlocking structure between the PEI interlayer and the Al substrate. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed pretreatment process and provide a reliable technical pathway for achieving high-performance welding of thermoplastic composite–metal hybrid joints.
{"title":"Towards robust ultrasonic welding of CF/PEEK composite to aluminum hybrid joints","authors":"Jiaying Pan , Zhijie Liu , Dong Quan , Dongsheng Yue , Xuemin Wang , Jiaming Liu , Mengmeng Han , Guoqun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an innovative surface pretreatment strategy to enable robust ultrasonic welding between aluminum alloys and CF/PEEK composites. Specifically, sandblasting and laser ablation were employed to generate distinct microstructures on the aluminum substrate surface, followed by the consolidation of a PEI interlayer through hot pressing. The interlayer attached on the aluminum surface served as an effective coupling medium to promote mechanical interlocking and chemical compatibility during welding. By optimizing the surface treatment parameters and ultrasonic welding displacement, a maximum lap shear strength of 36.4 MPa was achieved in Al-CF/PEEK hybrid joints. Failure analysis revealed severe substrate damage in the CF/PEEK adherend, confirming the formation of a strong interfacial interlocking structure between the PEI interlayer and the Al substrate. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed pretreatment process and provide a reliable technical pathway for achieving high-performance welding of thermoplastic composite–metal hybrid joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 111500"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111504
Masoumeh Khamehchi , Ziwen Zhao , Mohammad Javad Mahmoodi , Zhenjin Wang , Fumio Narita
Hybrid polymer nanocomposites combining conductive and piezoelectric phases hold promising applications for flexible sensing and energyharvesting, yet their coupled transport mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the electrical resistivity of carbon black (CB)–potassium sodium niobate (KNN)–epoxy composites through systematic experiments and micromechanical modeling. Resistivity measurements across varying CB contents reveal a sharp percolation-driven decrease, while incorporation of KNN preserves piezoelectric functionality but elevates resistivity compared with binary CB/epoxy systems, enabling a tunable balance between conductivity and sensitivity. To elucidate this interplay, we propose a modified simplified unit cell model that integrates interphase conductivity and quantum tunneling resistance at CB–epoxy interfaces. The model reproduces experimental data with <5 % overall coefficient of variation and clarifies how KNN dispersion modulates percolation thresholds and tunneling efficiency. This combined framework establishes design guidelines for lead-free, high-performance piezoelectric nanocomposites and supports their future application in wearable health monitoring and structural sensing.
{"title":"The electrical resistivity of CB–polymer piezoelectric hybrid nanocomposites: Experimental and micromechanical studies","authors":"Masoumeh Khamehchi , Ziwen Zhao , Mohammad Javad Mahmoodi , Zhenjin Wang , Fumio Narita","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid polymer nanocomposites combining conductive and piezoelectric phases hold promising applications for flexible sensing and energyharvesting, yet their coupled transport mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the electrical resistivity of carbon black (CB)–potassium sodium niobate (KNN)–epoxy composites through systematic experiments and micromechanical modeling. Resistivity measurements across varying CB contents reveal a sharp percolation-driven decrease, while incorporation of KNN preserves piezoelectric functionality but elevates resistivity compared with binary CB/epoxy systems, enabling a tunable balance between conductivity and sensitivity. To elucidate this interplay, we propose a modified simplified unit cell model that integrates interphase conductivity and quantum tunneling resistance at CB–epoxy interfaces. The model reproduces experimental data with <5 % overall coefficient of variation and clarifies how KNN dispersion modulates percolation thresholds and tunneling efficiency. This combined framework establishes design guidelines for lead-free, high-performance piezoelectric nanocomposites and supports their future application in wearable health monitoring and structural sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 111504"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111499
Ling Wang , Yuntao Liu , Peizhao Luo , Zhefan Li , Hao Wang , Xuewu Huang , Jiefeng Gao
Electrospun conductive polymer nanofiber composites are promising for flexible electronics, yet their practical use is constrained by trade-offs among mechanical robustness, charge/heat transport, and environmental stability. Here, we present a multi-scale interfacial engineering strategy to construct a hierarchical sandwich-structured composite membrane through synergistic colloidal assembly and interfacial bonding. Polydopamine-assisted in situ silver metallization forms percolative conductive nano-domains along polyurethane (PU) nanofiber surfaces, while vacuum-filtrated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) skins are conformally anchored via hot pressing, establishing covalent and non-covalent interfacial linkages. This architecture enables continuous, defect-minimized pathways for electron and phonon transport and simultaneously improves structural densification and interfacial adhesion. As a result, the membrane exhibits a rare combination of properties: high tensile strength (18.1 MPa) with large fracture strain (686.9 %), low sheet resistance (14.8 mΩ sq−1), pronounced anisotropic thermal conductivity (7.93 W m−1 K−1), and stable electro-/photothermal performance. Additionally, it retains robust hydrophobicity (>132° water contact angle) and conductivity under repeated mechanical deformation. Demonstrations as thermal interface materials and wearable strain sensors exhibit its broad multifunctionality. This work establishes a generalizable interfacial design strategy that reconciles traditionally competing properties in conductive polymer composites, advancing their integration into flexible electronic systems.
电纺丝导电聚合物纳米纤维复合材料在柔性电子领域前景广阔，但其实际应用受到机械稳健性、电荷/热输运和环境稳定性之间权衡的限制。在这里，我们提出了一种多尺度界面工程策略，通过协同胶体组装和界面键合来构建层次化的三明治结构复合膜。聚多巴胺辅助的原位银金属化沿着聚氨酯（PU）纳米纤维表面形成渗透导电纳米畴，而真空过滤的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）表面通过热压固定，建立共价和非共价界面键。这种结构可以实现电子和声子传输的连续、缺陷最小化的途径，同时提高结构致密化和界面粘附性。因此，该薄膜表现出罕见的综合性能：高拉伸强度（18.1 MPa），大断裂应变（686.9%），低片材电阻（14.8 mΩ sq−1），显著的各向异性导热系数（7.93 W m−1 K−1），以及稳定的电/光热性能。此外，在重复机械变形下，它仍保持强大的疏水性（>；132°水接触角）和导电性。热界面材料和可穿戴应变传感器展示了其广泛的多功能性。这项工作建立了一种通用的界面设计策略，该策略调和了导电聚合物复合材料中传统的竞争特性，促进了它们与柔性电子系统的集成。
{"title":"Multi-scale interfacial engineering of hierarchical sandwich-structured conductive polymer composites for flexible electronics","authors":"Ling Wang , Yuntao Liu , Peizhao Luo , Zhefan Li , Hao Wang , Xuewu Huang , Jiefeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospun conductive polymer nanofiber composites are promising for flexible electronics, yet their practical use is constrained by trade-offs among mechanical robustness, charge/heat transport, and environmental stability. Here, we present a multi-scale interfacial engineering strategy to construct a hierarchical sandwich-structured composite membrane through synergistic colloidal assembly and interfacial bonding. Polydopamine-assisted in situ silver metallization forms percolative conductive nano-domains along polyurethane (PU) nanofiber surfaces, while vacuum-filtrated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) skins are conformally anchored via hot pressing, establishing covalent and non-covalent interfacial linkages. This architecture enables continuous, defect-minimized pathways for electron and phonon transport and simultaneously improves structural densification and interfacial adhesion. As a result, the membrane exhibits a rare combination of properties: high tensile strength (18.1 MPa) with large fracture strain (686.9 %), low sheet resistance (14.8 mΩ sq<sup>−1</sup>), pronounced anisotropic thermal conductivity (7.93 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), and stable electro-/photothermal performance. Additionally, it retains robust hydrophobicity (>132° water contact angle) and conductivity under repeated mechanical deformation. Demonstrations as thermal interface materials and wearable strain sensors exhibit its broad multifunctionality. This work establishes a generalizable interfacial design strategy that reconciles traditionally competing properties in conductive polymer composites, advancing their integration into flexible electronic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 111499"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111502
Ryuto Sano , Yuta Koga , Imaru Sumi , Atsushi Hosoi , Kota Kawahara , Hiroaki Matsutani , Hiroyuki Kawada
Carbon fiber-reinforced foams (CFRFs) are promising next-generation materials for lightweight structural applications, and elucidating its fatigue properties is essential for practical implementation. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the fatigue fracture mechanism of CFRFs and predict their fatigue life. Damage progression during fatigue tests was observed using a hybrid nondestructive testing (NDT) method combining digital image correlation (DIC), acoustic emission, and infrared thermography (IRT). We have for the first time clarified the stepwise fatigue fracture mechanism of open-cell fiber-reinforced foams in which initial defects originating from fibers occur up to a fatigue life ratio of N/Nf = 0.2, causing localized damage progression, and once the fatigue life ratio exceeds N/Nf = 0.8, resin failure at the fiber nodal points occurs, leading to fracture. Furthermore, the damage mechanics model was applied to CFRFs to predict fatigue life. Material parameters were calibrated based on damage dissipation calculated by subtracting the effect of heat dissipation obtained via the IRT method from the hysteresis loss obtained via the DIC method. This represents a novel approach bridging experimental results from NDT methods and damage mechanics models. Using the obtained parameters we successfully achieve fatigue life predictions within 95 % confidence limits for 103 cycles or more. This study provides detailed fatigue properties for open-cell fiber-reinforced foams and contributes to the advancement of fatigue life prediction techniques combining NDT methods and damage mechanics.
{"title":"Evaluation of fatigue fracture mechanism of carbon fiber-reinforced foams using nondestructive testing and fatigue life prediction using damage mechanics","authors":"Ryuto Sano , Yuta Koga , Imaru Sumi , Atsushi Hosoi , Kota Kawahara , Hiroaki Matsutani , Hiroyuki Kawada","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber-reinforced foams (CFRFs) are promising next-generation materials for lightweight structural applications, and elucidating its fatigue properties is essential for practical implementation. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the fatigue fracture mechanism of CFRFs and predict their fatigue life. Damage progression during fatigue tests was observed using a hybrid nondestructive testing (NDT) method combining digital image correlation (DIC), acoustic emission, and infrared thermography (IRT). We have for the first time clarified the stepwise fatigue fracture mechanism of open-cell fiber-reinforced foams in which initial defects originating from fibers occur up to a fatigue life ratio of <em>N</em>/<em>N</em><sub>f</sub> = 0.2, causing localized damage progression, and once the fatigue life ratio exceeds <em>N</em>/<em>N</em><sub>f</sub> = 0.8, resin failure at the fiber nodal points occurs, leading to fracture. Furthermore, the damage mechanics model was applied to CFRFs to predict fatigue life. Material parameters were calibrated based on damage dissipation calculated by subtracting the effect of heat dissipation obtained via the IRT method from the hysteresis loss obtained via the DIC method. This represents a novel approach bridging experimental results from NDT methods and damage mechanics models. Using the obtained parameters we successfully achieve fatigue life predictions within 95 % confidence limits for 10<sup>3</sup> cycles or more. This study provides detailed fatigue properties for open-cell fiber-reinforced foams and contributes to the advancement of fatigue life prediction techniques combining NDT methods and damage mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 111502"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111498
Qianchen Gao , Yang Bai , Xiaowei Jiang , Xiaopeng Chen , Wulin Si , You Li , Zhenqiang Zhao , Chao Zhang
Slicing-loading impacts on fan blades, which often occur when birds are ingested into aircraft engines, have been extensively investigated because of their complex loading characteristics. The development of a sub-element level test method is critically needed to simplify the study of impact resistance in fan blades in response to bird strikes and to comprehensively understand the associated damage behavior in composite materials. In this study, a sub-element level test method is proposed to replicate the slicing-loading and surface-traveling impact characteristics of bird strikes, and the impact behavior of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates across a range of velocities is systematically investigated using experimental and numerical approaches. The developed numerical model was validated to ensure that it accurately predicts and captures multiple deformation and damage modes during the impact event.
The results reveal three distinct deformation modes of the laminate under bird strike, which lead to different damage modes. The deformation modes of the dominant damage behavior undergo a transition from single to combined effect with the increasing velocity. Analysis of the energy dissipation indicates a shift from predominantly intralaminar damage to a combination of intralaminar and interlaminar damage as the impact velocity increases. Two velocity thresholds were identified based on the correlation between delamination area and impact velocity, and these thresholds provide dual benchmarks for comprehensively evaluating the impact resistance of CFRP laminates. The findings of this study are expected to aid in the design of composite laminates for improved resistance to bird-strike impacts in aircraft applications.
{"title":"Revealing bird-strike damage mechanisms for CFRP laminates through a novel sub-element level experiment and simulation","authors":"Qianchen Gao , Yang Bai , Xiaowei Jiang , Xiaopeng Chen , Wulin Si , You Li , Zhenqiang Zhao , Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slicing-loading impacts on fan blades, which often occur when birds are ingested into aircraft engines, have been extensively investigated because of their complex loading characteristics. The development of a sub-element level test method is critically needed to simplify the study of impact resistance in fan blades in response to bird strikes and to comprehensively understand the associated damage behavior in composite materials. In this study, a sub-element level test method is proposed to replicate the slicing-loading and surface-traveling impact characteristics of bird strikes, and the impact behavior of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates across a range of velocities is systematically investigated using experimental and numerical approaches. The developed numerical model was validated to ensure that it accurately predicts and captures multiple deformation and damage modes during the impact event.</div><div>The results reveal three distinct deformation modes of the laminate under bird strike, which lead to different damage modes. The deformation modes of the dominant damage behavior undergo a transition from single to combined effect with the increasing velocity. Analysis of the energy dissipation indicates a shift from predominantly intralaminar damage to a combination of intralaminar and interlaminar damage as the impact velocity increases. Two velocity thresholds were identified based on the correlation between delamination area and impact velocity, and these thresholds provide dual benchmarks for comprehensively evaluating the impact resistance of CFRP laminates. The findings of this study are expected to aid in the design of composite laminates for improved resistance to bird-strike impacts in aircraft applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 111498"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145873888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111501
Yazhou Li, Lingyun Jian, Hanfei Dai, Hengrui Zhao, Boyu Chen, Qiang Yang, Fu Wang, Dichen Li
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) motion components face significant challenges related to complex structural fabrication and high-temperature lubrication in aerospace and automotive engineering. Additive manufacturing of PEEK-based self-lubricating composites provides an effective solution to these issues. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was incorporated into PEEK and fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to enhance its mechanical and high-temperature tribological performance. The incorporation of h-BN improves the powder flowability and packing efficiency and promotes the crystallization, thermal conductivity, and mechanical reinforcement of PEEK. The 10 wt% h-BN/PEEK self-lubricating composite exhibits the best overall performance, achieving a compressive strength of 190 MPa, a tensile strength of 90.5 MPa, and a hardness improvement of 11 % compared with pure PEEK. Moreover, the same formulation demonstrated exceptionally low coefficients of friction and wear rates across both ambient and elevated temperatures (100–200 °C), with reductions exceeding 65 % relative to pure PEEK. It is attributed to the easy-shear nature of the layered h-BN and the formation of a continuous transfer film, while molecular dynamics simulations confirm that h-BN promotes interfacial slip, structural stability, and efficient heat dissipation in the composite. This work provides new insights into the design and LPBF fabrication of high-performance polymer-based self-lubricating composites for high-temperature applications in extreme environments.
{"title":"Processability, mechanical and high-temperature tribological properties of h-BN/PEEK self-lubricating composites manufactured via laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Yazhou Li, Lingyun Jian, Hanfei Dai, Hengrui Zhao, Boyu Chen, Qiang Yang, Fu Wang, Dichen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) motion components face significant challenges related to complex structural fabrication and high-temperature lubrication in aerospace and automotive engineering. Additive manufacturing of PEEK-based self-lubricating composites provides an effective solution to these issues. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was incorporated into PEEK and fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to enhance its mechanical and high-temperature tribological performance. The incorporation of h-BN improves the powder flowability and packing efficiency and promotes the crystallization, thermal conductivity, and mechanical reinforcement of PEEK. The 10 wt% h-BN/PEEK self-lubricating composite exhibits the best overall performance, achieving a compressive strength of 190 MPa, a tensile strength of 90.5 MPa, and a hardness improvement of 11 % compared with pure PEEK. Moreover, the same formulation demonstrated exceptionally low coefficients of friction and wear rates across both ambient and elevated temperatures (100–200 °C), with reductions exceeding 65 % relative to pure PEEK. It is attributed to the easy-shear nature of the layered h-BN and the formation of a continuous transfer film, while molecular dynamics simulations confirm that h-BN promotes interfacial slip, structural stability, and efficient heat dissipation in the composite. This work provides new insights into the design and LPBF fabrication of high-performance polymer-based self-lubricating composites for high-temperature applications in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 111501"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111497
Shiping Song , Jiayi Fan , Ziyin Dai , Shuai Zhao , Weiqiang Song , Chong Zhang , Fei Peng
Owing to the distinctive stress-electricity response characteristics, piezoelectric devices are attracting tremendous interest to meet the growing demand for autonomous and interactive technologies. However, the limited structural forms and low energy conversion efficiency have severely restricted performance enhancement and application prospects of the devices. Herein, we developed a series of novel poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/graphene (GP) porous piezoelectric devices with coral reef structure features by combining template-leaching methodology with functional doping strategies. Through theoretical analysis and simulation studies, the enhancement mechanisms of macroscopic porous structures and microscopic interface interactions on piezoelectric performance were successfully established. With the dual advantages of improved charge conductivity and stress response, the optimized porous piezoelectric devices demonstrated 460 % and 136.4 % increases in open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current compared to pure PVDF solid molded devices. Moreover, the devices also exhibited remarkable piezoelectric responsiveness and power supply efficiency across various stress modes, along with promising potential in combination lock systems. This work not only contributed a novel strategy for the design of advanced piezoelectric devices, but also significantly expanded the potential application scenarios and implementation approaches.
{"title":"Bioinspired coral-reef PVDF/graphene porous piezoelectric devices with enhanced output performances: Role of macroscopic architectures and microscopic interface coupling","authors":"Shiping Song , Jiayi Fan , Ziyin Dai , Shuai Zhao , Weiqiang Song , Chong Zhang , Fei Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the distinctive stress-electricity response characteristics, piezoelectric devices are attracting tremendous interest to meet the growing demand for autonomous and interactive technologies. However, the limited structural forms and low energy conversion efficiency have severely restricted performance enhancement and application prospects of the devices. Herein, we developed a series of novel poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/graphene (GP) porous piezoelectric devices with coral reef structure features by combining template-leaching methodology with functional doping strategies. Through theoretical analysis and simulation studies, the enhancement mechanisms of macroscopic porous structures and microscopic interface interactions on piezoelectric performance were successfully established. With the dual advantages of improved charge conductivity and stress response, the optimized porous piezoelectric devices demonstrated 460 % and 136.4 % increases in open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current compared to pure PVDF solid molded devices. Moreover, the devices also exhibited remarkable piezoelectric responsiveness and power supply efficiency across various stress modes, along with promising potential in combination lock systems. This work not only contributed a novel strategy for the design of advanced piezoelectric devices, but also significantly expanded the potential application scenarios and implementation approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 111497"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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