Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111428
Mingxin Ye , Yabin Deng , Yunsen Hu , Xiaozhi Hu
T1000 carbon fibers are far superior to T300 fibers in tension, but the performance of bulk T1000 composites can be matched by bulk T300 composites interleaved with sparsely distributed micro-/nano- Aramid pulp (AP) fibers. In this study, we focus not only on the short-beam shear strength but also on the flexural strength of T1000 and T300-AP composites before and after impact, as these properties are critical indicators of structural performance under bending-dominated loading conditions. Maintaining the AP-epoxy interlayer thickness increase at 8 μm or less, with AP areal densities of 2, 4 and 6 g/m2, leads to improvements of up to 38 % in short-beam shear strength and 55 % in flexural strength for the T300-AP composites, surpassing the performance of plain T1000 composites without such AP-interfacial toughening. These findings highlight the importance of interfacial design and quasi-Z-directional fiber bridging in CFRPs, demonstrating that resin-rich layers between carbon fiber plies as thin as 15 μm can be transformed into mechanically interlocked ply interfaces through AP-interfacial toughening, thereby bringing the structural performance of T300-AP composites to parity with that of T1000 composites.
{"title":"Comparison of flexural properties of two different CFRPs before and after low-velocity impact: T1000 vs T300 interleaved with micro-/nano- Aramid fibers","authors":"Mingxin Ye , Yabin Deng , Yunsen Hu , Xiaozhi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>T1000 carbon fibers are far superior to T300 fibers in tension, but the performance of bulk T1000 composites can be matched by bulk T300 composites interleaved with sparsely distributed micro-/nano- Aramid pulp (AP) fibers. In this study, we focus not only on the short-beam shear strength but also on the flexural strength of T1000 and T300-AP composites before and after impact, as these properties are critical indicators of structural performance under bending-dominated loading conditions. Maintaining the AP-epoxy interlayer thickness increase at 8 μm or less, with AP areal densities of 2, 4 and 6 g/m<sup>2</sup>, leads to improvements of up to 38 % in short-beam shear strength and 55 % in flexural strength for the T300-AP composites, surpassing the performance of plain T1000 composites without such AP-interfacial toughening. These findings highlight the importance of interfacial design and quasi-Z-directional fiber bridging in CFRPs, demonstrating that resin-rich layers between carbon fiber plies as thin as 15 μm can be transformed into mechanically interlocked ply interfaces through AP-interfacial toughening, thereby bringing the structural performance of T300-AP composites to parity with that of T1000 composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 111428"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111433
Partha Pratim Das , Vamsee Vadlamudi , Monjur Morshed Rabby , Ankur Jain , David Mollenhauer , Rassel Raihan
This study presents a multiscale-multiphysics computational framework for modeling complex moisture absorption mechanisms and their coupling with dielectric property evolution in polymer matrix composites (PMCs). First at the microscale level, orthotropic diffusion and absorption of water molecules, distinguishing between free and bound states respectively, are modeled using non-Fickian hindered diffusion model (HDM). The approach incorporates interphase effects and fiber-matrix heterogeneity utilizing finite element (FE) analysis. Emphasis is placed on increased diffusivity and absorption properties of interphase regions and their impact on the transport and reaction kinetics through representative volumetric elements (RVEs). A homogenization scheme subsequently translates these microscale constituent properties to macroscale behavior, enabling efficient FE implementation. A novel multiphysics coupling then integrates the absorption model with Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism in order to mechanistically model moisture-induced electrical property changes, and orientational polarization effects through dipole moment redistribution. The developed models are validated using experimental gravimetric data and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BbDS) measurements performed on unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites subjected to hygrothermal aging. Results demonstrate that HDM successfully models moisture absorption mechanisms, e.g., diffusion, adsorption and desorption, while purely Fickian and irreversible binding models fail to match experimental trends. The coupled HDM-Maxwell model captures the correlation between experimentally observed moisture content and dielectric permittivity, where a ∼2.5 wt% of moisture content is found to result in ∼75% increase in dielectric permittivity. This coupled framework provides fundamental insights into the physics of moisture-electrical cross-property relationships in PMCs, while offering a validated analytical tool for modeling multifunctional composite performance in humid environments.
{"title":"Multiscale-multiphysics modeling of moisture absorption-induced dielectric evolution in polymeric composites","authors":"Partha Pratim Das , Vamsee Vadlamudi , Monjur Morshed Rabby , Ankur Jain , David Mollenhauer , Rassel Raihan","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a multiscale-multiphysics computational framework for modeling complex moisture absorption mechanisms and their coupling with dielectric property evolution in polymer matrix composites (PMCs). First at the microscale level, orthotropic diffusion and absorption of water molecules, distinguishing between free and bound states respectively, are modeled using non-Fickian hindered diffusion model (HDM). The approach incorporates interphase effects and fiber-matrix heterogeneity utilizing finite element (FE) analysis. Emphasis is placed on increased diffusivity and absorption properties of interphase regions and their impact on the transport and reaction kinetics through representative volumetric elements (RVEs). A homogenization scheme subsequently translates these microscale constituent properties to macroscale behavior, enabling efficient FE implementation. A novel multiphysics coupling then integrates the absorption model with Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism in order to mechanistically model moisture-induced electrical property changes, and orientational polarization effects through dipole moment redistribution. The developed models are validated using experimental gravimetric data and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BbDS) measurements performed on unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites subjected to hygrothermal aging. Results demonstrate that HDM successfully models moisture absorption mechanisms, e.g., diffusion, adsorption and desorption, while purely Fickian and irreversible binding models fail to match experimental trends. The coupled HDM-Maxwell model captures the correlation between experimentally observed moisture content and dielectric permittivity, where a ∼2.5 wt% of moisture content is found to result in ∼75% increase in dielectric permittivity. This coupled framework provides fundamental insights into the physics of moisture-electrical cross-property relationships in PMCs, while offering a validated analytical tool for modeling multifunctional composite performance in humid environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 111433"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111429
Yiqing Xue , Zengyan Jiang , Lijun Liu , Yubo Wang , Wenyan Liang
The formation of ice poses serious risks to the reliable operation of equipment in cold environments. Here, we propose a novel graphene-polyetherimide icephobic surface (GPIS) that achieves fluorine-free environmental compatibility, structural robustness, and photothermal responsiveness through a one-step fabrication strategy. Unlike conventional approaches relying on fragile coatings or lubricant infusion, our method enables simultaneous structural construction and functional integration without the need for additional surface treatments. Graphene nanosheets are uniformly embedded within the PEI matrix while retaining their π-conjugated structure and crystalline integrity, which endows the surface with excellent broadband light absorption and high in-plane thermal conductivity. Upon light irradiation, the GPIS surface can rapidly reach a temperature of 140 °C, reducing the ice adhesion strength to as low as 20 kPa and enabling fast, passive de-icing without mechanical intervention. More importantly, this GPIS design maintains its superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning performance, and high photothermal responsiveness under extreme thermal, chemical, and mechanical conditions, demonstrating outstanding environmental stability. This study presents an innovative interface design that integrates material chemistry, thermal regulation, and microstructure engineering, providing a new technological foundation for the development of high-performance and durable smart anti-/de-icing systems.
{"title":"Photothermal graphene polyetherimide icephobic surfaces for robust and smart anti-/deicing applications","authors":"Yiqing Xue , Zengyan Jiang , Lijun Liu , Yubo Wang , Wenyan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of ice poses serious risks to the reliable operation of equipment in cold environments. Here, we propose a novel graphene-polyetherimide icephobic surface (GPIS) that achieves fluorine-free environmental compatibility, structural robustness, and photothermal responsiveness through a one-step fabrication strategy. Unlike conventional approaches relying on fragile coatings or lubricant infusion, our method enables simultaneous structural construction and functional integration without the need for additional surface treatments. Graphene nanosheets are uniformly embedded within the PEI matrix while retaining their π-conjugated structure and crystalline integrity, which endows the surface with excellent broadband light absorption and high in-plane thermal conductivity. Upon light irradiation, the GPIS surface can rapidly reach a temperature of 140 °C, reducing the ice adhesion strength to as low as 20 kPa and enabling fast, passive de-icing without mechanical intervention. More importantly, this GPIS design maintains its superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning performance, and high photothermal responsiveness under extreme thermal, chemical, and mechanical conditions, demonstrating outstanding environmental stability. This study presents an innovative interface design that integrates material chemistry, thermal regulation, and microstructure engineering, providing a new technological foundation for the development of high-performance and durable smart anti-/de-icing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111429"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111430
Aonan Li, Jiang Wu, Bin Yang, Yubo Shao, Shuai Wang, Dongmin Yang
This study investigates the effect of incorporating 3D printed interlayers containing continuous carbon fibres into plain weave CFRP laminates. The impact on stress distribution and the mechanical performance of bolted joints is systematically investigated. Three interlayer design strategies were developed to tailor the fibre distribution within the interlayers using filament-based 3D printing, and the resulting tailored-interlayer/woven laminates were assessed through double-shear testing to characterise the fibre load-transfer mechanisms. A filament-level multiscale finite element model was developed to capture the progressive damage evolution of the laminates. The experimental and numerical results demonstrate that incorporating 3D-printed interlayers can substantially enhance joint performance. Relative to the woven laminate baseline, enhancements were achieved across all interlayer cases. Specifically, improvements of up to 86 % in stiffness, 95 % in initial peak strength, and 59 % in ultimate bearing strength were achieved across the evaluated cases. In addition, substantial enhancements in energy absorption capacity were observed, with the initial fracture energy increasing by as much as 496 %, and the ultimate fracture energy by up to 10 %, depending on the specific architectural conditions. Among the designs, fibre steering guided by failure planes yielded most suppression of damage propagation. Together with micro-CT scans of the final failure morphologies, the simulation results provided insight into the damage progression and showed good agreement with the overall mechanical response observed experimentally. This research highlights the effectiveness of stress-adapted fibre steering in laminates and demonstrates the potential of 3D printing as a tool for locally reinforcing CFRP joints.
{"title":"Enhancing bolted joint performance of woven composite laminates using 3D printed interlayers with tailored fibre architectures","authors":"Aonan Li, Jiang Wu, Bin Yang, Yubo Shao, Shuai Wang, Dongmin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of incorporating 3D printed interlayers containing continuous carbon fibres into plain weave CFRP laminates. The impact on stress distribution and the mechanical performance of bolted joints is systematically investigated. Three interlayer design strategies were developed to tailor the fibre distribution within the interlayers using filament-based 3D printing, and the resulting tailored-interlayer/woven laminates were assessed through double-shear testing to characterise the fibre load-transfer mechanisms. A filament-level multiscale finite element model was developed to capture the progressive damage evolution of the laminates. The experimental and numerical results demonstrate that incorporating 3D-printed interlayers can substantially enhance joint performance. Relative to the woven laminate baseline, enhancements were achieved across all interlayer cases. Specifically, improvements of up to 86 % in stiffness, 95 % in initial peak strength, and 59 % in ultimate bearing strength were achieved across the evaluated cases. In addition, substantial enhancements in energy absorption capacity were observed, with the initial fracture energy increasing by as much as 496 %, and the ultimate fracture energy by up to 10 %, depending on the specific architectural conditions. Among the designs, fibre steering guided by failure planes yielded most suppression of damage propagation. Together with micro-CT scans of the final failure morphologies, the simulation results provided insight into the damage progression and showed good agreement with the overall mechanical response observed experimentally. This research highlights the effectiveness of stress-adapted fibre steering in laminates and demonstrates the potential of 3D printing as a tool for locally reinforcing CFRP joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 111430"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145448639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111421
Qian Zhao , Tao Hai , Xiaoming Peng , Xuejie Yue , Tao Zhang , Yuqi Li , Dongya Yang , Fengxian Qiu
Radiative cooling materials constructed from sustainable sources are gaining traction in passive radiative cooling (PRC) research. Cellulose offers unique benefits such as abundance, biodegradability, and renewability, positioning it as a promising candidate, however low mechanical strength and solar absorption restrict its applications. Here, an innovative interfacial engineering inspired by loofah is proposed to construct a sustainable, super-white, and durable high-performance cellulose-based aerogel. This is achieved by bottom-up assembly of sulfonated nanocellulose and silica sol into a 3D loofah-mimicking structure with interconnected nodes via freeze-drying. Benefiting from the interconnected nodes, the aerogel exhibits robust mechanical properties, capable of withstanding a tensile stress equivalent to 150,000 times its own weight and enduring 30 compression cycles without deformation. Sulfonation of cellulose reduces absorption in the near-infrared region, and the internal multiscale fibers of aerogel enhance sunlight scattering, resulting in a high solar reflectivity (97.6 %). The cellulose acts as a thermal emitter with 96.6 % mid-infrared (MIR) emissivity. Combined with an ultralow thermal conductivity (31.96 mW m−1 k−1), it achieves a remarkable cooling effect with an average dT of 12.5 °C. Hydrophobic modification endows it self-cleaning of environmental dust and resistance to rainwater scouring. Notably, the renewable raw material sources, coupled with biodegradability in soil after disposal, provide distinctive sustainability across its entire life cycle. This work can afford fresh perspectives on the design and development of advanced cellulose-based aerogels for PRC applications.
{"title":"Loofah-inspired cellulose-based super-white aerogel with enhanced mechanical strength for high-performance daytime radiative cooling","authors":"Qian Zhao , Tao Hai , Xiaoming Peng , Xuejie Yue , Tao Zhang , Yuqi Li , Dongya Yang , Fengxian Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative cooling materials constructed from sustainable sources are gaining traction in passive radiative cooling (PRC) research. Cellulose offers unique benefits such as abundance, biodegradability, and renewability, positioning it as a promising candidate, however low mechanical strength and solar absorption restrict its applications. Here, an innovative interfacial engineering inspired by loofah is proposed to construct a sustainable, super-white, and durable high-performance cellulose-based aerogel. This is achieved by bottom-up assembly of sulfonated nanocellulose and silica sol into a 3D loofah-mimicking structure with interconnected nodes via freeze-drying. Benefiting from the interconnected nodes, the aerogel exhibits robust mechanical properties, capable of withstanding a tensile stress equivalent to 150,000 times its own weight and enduring 30 compression cycles without deformation. Sulfonation of cellulose reduces absorption in the near-infrared region, and the internal multiscale fibers of aerogel enhance sunlight scattering, resulting in a high solar reflectivity (97.6 %). The cellulose acts as a thermal emitter with 96.6 % mid-infrared (MIR) emissivity. Combined with an ultralow thermal conductivity (31.96 mW m<sup>−1</sup> k<sup>−1</sup>), it achieves a remarkable cooling effect with an average dT of 12.5 °C. Hydrophobic modification endows it self-cleaning of environmental dust and resistance to rainwater scouring. Notably, the renewable raw material sources, coupled with biodegradability in soil after disposal, provide distinctive sustainability across its entire life cycle. This work can afford fresh perspectives on the design and development of advanced cellulose-based aerogels for PRC applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111421"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111426
Yi Hu , Ye Liu , Chao Cui , Wei Cai , Chunhao Ma , Rong Min , Anwen Wang , Yan Yang , Shuang Zhang , Jianjun Jiang
Enhancing interfacial properties in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is challenging due to the trade-off between interfacial strength and matrix toughness. This study introduces hydroxylated MXene (h-MXene) as a nano-reinforcement that addresses this limitation through dual-phase strengthening mechanisms. Surface hydroxylation converts pristine MXene nanosheets into interconnected fibrous networks with improved dispersibility and bonding capability. XPS and FTIR analysis confirm that hydroxyl functionalization enables hydrogen bonding with epoxy matrices, while SEM and TEM reveal gradient interphase formation. In neat epoxy, 0.1 wt% h-MXene achieves 46.4 % tensile strength and 27 % flexural strength improvements, compared to 21.4 % and 8.3 % for pristine MXene. In CFRP laminates, h-MXene modification yields 52.9 % flexural strength and 40 % interlaminar shear strength enhancements. Fractography analysis showed transition from adhesive to cohesive failure, confirming enhanced fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion. These results demonstrate that hydroxyl-functionalized MXenes provide effective nano-scale reinforcement through engineered surface chemistry that enables concurrent interface strengthening and matrix toughening, providing an effective approach for CFRP reinforcement at low filler concentrations.
{"title":"Hydroxylated MXene as a nano-binder: Concurrently strengthening interfaces and toughening matrix in carbon fiber/epoxy composites","authors":"Yi Hu , Ye Liu , Chao Cui , Wei Cai , Chunhao Ma , Rong Min , Anwen Wang , Yan Yang , Shuang Zhang , Jianjun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing interfacial properties in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is challenging due to the trade-off between interfacial strength and matrix toughness. This study introduces hydroxylated MXene (h-MXene) as a nano-reinforcement that addresses this limitation through dual-phase strengthening mechanisms. Surface hydroxylation converts pristine MXene nanosheets into interconnected fibrous networks with improved dispersibility and bonding capability. XPS and FTIR analysis confirm that hydroxyl functionalization enables hydrogen bonding with epoxy matrices, while SEM and TEM reveal gradient interphase formation. In neat epoxy, 0.1 wt% h-MXene achieves 46.4 % tensile strength and 27 % flexural strength improvements, compared to 21.4 % and 8.3 % for pristine MXene. In CFRP laminates, h-MXene modification yields 52.9 % flexural strength and 40 % interlaminar shear strength enhancements. Fractography analysis showed transition from adhesive to cohesive failure, confirming enhanced fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion. These results demonstrate that hydroxyl-functionalized MXenes provide effective nano-scale reinforcement through engineered surface chemistry that enables concurrent interface strengthening and matrix toughening, providing an effective approach for CFRP reinforcement at low filler concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111426"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111427
Liangliang Shen , Shi Su , Xin Zhou , Tianqi Zhu , Fang Qi , Zhiyuan Ning , Xigao Jian , Jian Xu
Studies on the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (CF/PPESK) composites with different lay-up configurations remain limited, especially regarding interlaminar failure over wide temperatures. This study combined multiscale experiments and finite element analysis to investigate the effect of ply orientation on shear resistance of CF/PPESK laminates from 293 to 503 K. The results indicate that with variations in fiber orientation and temperature, the shear strength of the [0]s, [0,90]s, and [0,45,0,–45]s laminated composites exhibit significant differences, ranging from 92.6 % to 143.5 %. This difference gradually diminishes under elevated temperature conditions. Moreover, at 503 K, the [0,45,0,–45]s laminate exhibits a transition in failure mode, where the interaction between temperature and ply configuration leads to a transient enhancement of interlaminar load-bearing capacity. A combined approach of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and pixel threshold-based image recognition was employed to further quantitatively investigate the initiation and propagation trends of interlaminar cracks in composite laminates under SBS loading. Integrating experimental damage observations with numerical crack evolution, a novel damage assessment framework incorporating temperature, ply configuration, and delamination evolution was established, providing a new perspective for process optimization and damage behavior research in both thermoplastic and thermoset composites.
{"title":"Interlaminar damage evolution in CF/PPESK composites: Interactive effects of fiber layup angles and temperature","authors":"Liangliang Shen , Shi Su , Xin Zhou , Tianqi Zhu , Fang Qi , Zhiyuan Ning , Xigao Jian , Jian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies on the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (CF/PPESK) composites with different lay-up configurations remain limited, especially regarding interlaminar failure over wide temperatures. This study combined multiscale experiments and finite element analysis to investigate the effect of ply orientation on shear resistance of CF/PPESK laminates from 293 to 503 K. The results indicate that with variations in fiber orientation and temperature, the shear strength of the [0]<sub>s</sub>, [0,90]<sub>s</sub>, and [0,45,0,–45]<sub>s</sub> laminated composites exhibit significant differences, ranging from 92.6 % to 143.5 %. This difference gradually diminishes under elevated temperature conditions. Moreover, at 503 K, the [0,45,0,–45]<sub>s</sub> laminate exhibits a transition in failure mode, where the interaction between temperature and ply configuration leads to a transient enhancement of interlaminar load-bearing capacity. A combined approach of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and pixel threshold-based image recognition was employed to further quantitatively investigate the initiation and propagation trends of interlaminar cracks in composite laminates under SBS loading. Integrating experimental damage observations with numerical crack evolution, a novel damage assessment framework incorporating temperature, ply configuration, and delamination evolution was established, providing a new perspective for process optimization and damage behavior research in both thermoplastic and thermoset composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111427"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advancement of electronic devices towards greater intelligence, portability, and flexibility, it brings some self-contradictory performance requirements for electromagnetic shielding materials, which need to combine high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE), high thermal conductivity, and electric insulation within all-in-one material. To address this critical challenge, herein we designed a Janus composite film featuring a dual-layer architecture: one side consists of a fused silver nanowire (AgNW) layer, while the other comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layer. The as-prepared Janus TPU-hBN/AgNWs (hBN content: 80 wt% for TPU-hBN layer; AgNWs areal density of AgNWs layer: 2.6 mg/cm2) composite film (∼84.6 μm) exhibits exceptional multifunctional properties, including an impressive EMI SE of 93.37 dB at 10 GHz, an in-plane thermal conductivity of 27.23 W m−1K−1 and single-sided electrical insulation. Notably, these properties remain stable even under harsh conditions such as prolonged exposure to acidic/alkaline environments, extreme temperatures, and repeated bending-releasing cycles, underscoring the film's remarkable durability and reliability. Additionally, the composite film demonstrates outstanding Joule heating performance, reaching approximately 88 °C within just 5 s at an input voltage of 0.9 V. These results highlight the Janus TPU-hBN/AgNWs composite film as a promising candidate for next-generation electromagnetic shielding materials, offering a unique combination of high shielding efficiency, thermal management capabilities, and electrical insulation in a robust and adaptable design.
随着电子器件向更智能、便携、灵活的方向发展，对电磁屏蔽材料提出了一些自相矛盾的性能要求，需要将高电磁干扰屏蔽效率（EMI SE）、高导热性、电绝缘性三者结合在一体的材料中。为了解决这一关键挑战，我们设计了一种双面结构的Janus复合膜：一面由熔融银纳米线（AgNW）层组成，另一面由热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)-六方氮化硼（hBN）层组成。制备的Janus TPU-hBN/AgNWs （TPU-hBN层的hBN含量为80 wt%； AgNWs层的AgNWs面密度为2.6 mg/cm2）复合膜（~ 84.6 μm）具有优异的多功能性能，包括在10 GHz时令人惊讶的93.37 dB EMI SE， 27.23 W m−1K−1的面内导热系数和单面电绝缘。值得注意的是，即使在恶劣的条件下，如长时间暴露在酸性/碱性环境、极端温度和反复的弯曲释放循环中，这些性能也保持稳定，强调了该薄膜卓越的耐用性和可靠性。此外，复合薄膜具有出色的焦耳加热性能，在0.9 V的输入电压下，仅需5秒即可达到约88°C。这些结果突出了Janus TPU-hBN/AgNWs复合薄膜作为下一代电磁屏蔽材料的有前途的候选者，在稳健和适应性强的设计中提供了高屏蔽效率，热管理能力和电绝缘的独特组合。
{"title":"Electric insulation, high thermal conductivity, and ultra-high EMI shielding composite films with a Janus structure","authors":"Xin Chen , Yabin Guo , Yuting Zhang, Yuqi Wang, Meng Hou, Jianwen Chen, Yongjin Li, Yutian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of electronic devices towards greater intelligence, portability, and flexibility, it brings some self-contradictory performance requirements for electromagnetic shielding materials, which need to combine high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE), high thermal conductivity, and electric insulation within all-in-one material. To address this critical challenge, herein we designed a Janus composite film featuring a dual-layer architecture: one side consists of a fused silver nanowire (AgNW) layer, while the other comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layer. The as-prepared Janus TPU-hBN/AgNWs (hBN content: 80 wt% for TPU-hBN layer; AgNWs areal density of AgNWs layer: 2.6 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) composite film (∼84.6 μm) exhibits exceptional multifunctional properties, including an impressive EMI SE of 93.37 dB at 10 GHz, an in-plane thermal conductivity of 27.23 W m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup> and single-sided electrical insulation. Notably, these properties remain stable even under harsh conditions such as prolonged exposure to acidic/alkaline environments, extreme temperatures, and repeated bending-releasing cycles, underscoring the film's remarkable durability and reliability. Additionally, the composite film demonstrates outstanding Joule heating performance, reaching approximately 88 °C within just 5 s at an input voltage of 0.9 V. These results highlight the Janus TPU-hBN/AgNWs composite film as a promising candidate for next-generation electromagnetic shielding materials, offering a unique combination of high shielding efficiency, thermal management capabilities, and electrical insulation in a robust and adaptable design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111423"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111420
Zeyu Zheng , Kuan Deng , Yang Liu , Hebin Zhang , Weijing Wu , Yan-Jun Wan , Rong Sun , Pengli Zhu
As electronic packaging enters a new era of high density and high frequency, conventional electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) approaches based predominantly on high electrical conductivity are encountering critical risks of electrical reliability failure. To meet the innovative demands of advanced packaging applications, this work developed an FeNi@SiO2/EP epoxy-based composite that integrated “electrical insulation, EMI shielding, and low thermal expansion”. SiO2-decorated FeNi spheres particles with the Invar effect were prepared, with coating layer tuned via precursor concentration in a liquid-phase reaction. Effective control of the SiO2 layer blocks electron transport in the composites while preserving the magnetic network and phonon transmission. The FeNi@SiO2/EP composites successfully exhibited high electrical insulation (exceed 1012 Ω cm), excellent EMI shielding efficiency (about 30 dB), and thermal conductivity. EMI shielding of the composites can be attributed to local eddy current losses in FeNi particles, magnetic losses induced by the continuous magnetic network, and interfacial dielectric losses at multiphase boundaries. Interestingly, the near-zero thermal expansion of FeNi particles imparts composites with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (7–8 ppm/°C). These innovations are expected to significantly promote the development of electronic devices toward higher integration and miniaturization, particularly in the field of electrical insulation EMI shielding materials.
{"title":"Electrical insulation EMI shielding epoxy-based composites with low thermal expansion for advanced electronic packaging","authors":"Zeyu Zheng , Kuan Deng , Yang Liu , Hebin Zhang , Weijing Wu , Yan-Jun Wan , Rong Sun , Pengli Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As electronic packaging enters a new era of high density and high frequency, conventional electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) approaches based predominantly on high electrical conductivity are encountering critical risks of electrical reliability failure. To meet the innovative demands of advanced packaging applications, this work developed an FeNi@SiO<sub>2</sub>/EP epoxy-based composite that integrated “electrical insulation, EMI shielding, and low thermal expansion”. SiO<sub>2</sub>-decorated FeNi spheres particles with the Invar effect were prepared, with coating layer tuned <em>via</em> precursor concentration in a liquid-phase reaction. Effective control of the SiO<sub>2</sub> layer blocks electron transport in the composites while preserving the magnetic network and phonon transmission. The FeNi@SiO<sub>2</sub>/EP composites successfully exhibited high electrical insulation (exceed 10<sup>12</sup> Ω cm), excellent EMI shielding efficiency (about 30 dB), and thermal conductivity. EMI shielding of the composites can be attributed to local eddy current losses in FeNi particles, magnetic losses induced by the continuous magnetic network, and interfacial dielectric losses at multiphase boundaries. Interestingly, the near-zero thermal expansion of FeNi particles imparts composites with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (7–8 ppm/°C). These innovations are expected to significantly promote the development of electronic devices toward higher integration and miniaturization, particularly in the field of electrical insulation EMI shielding materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111420"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes an efficient multiscale virtual fiber unit cell model for predicting the kinematic and mechanical responses of dry fabrics under picture frame shear. A customized beam element with tailored properties is developed to represent virtual fibers, integrally capturing the equivalent axial, bending, and contact behaviors of real yarns whilst reducing modeling complexity found in existing approaches. The multiscale computational homogenization method originally established for continuous composite materials is reformulated for fabrics composed of discrete virtual fibers under finite deformation, enabling the use of a fabric unit cell model in picture frame shear simulations. Furthermore, a penalized implementation of periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) using spring elements is established to overcome the severe efficiency degradation of conventional implementations in commercial explicit FE solvers as model size increases. Validation against experimental data from Twintex plain woven fabrics demonstrates that the virtual fiber unit cell accurately predicts the kinematic and mechanical responses during picture frame shear tests with dramatically reduced model size. Additionally, the effect of clamping pretension on the variation of picture frame shear test results is accounted for and analyzed through the proposed unit cell model. The developed framework provides a computational alternative to physical testing, enabling efficient numerical characterization of fabric shear behavior.
{"title":"A virtual fiber unit cell model for efficient simulation of dry fabric picture frame shear behavior","authors":"Yiding Li, Weijie Zhang, Zihan Lin, Rui Bao, Ying Yan, Shibo Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an efficient multiscale virtual fiber unit cell model for predicting the kinematic and mechanical responses of dry fabrics under picture frame shear. A customized beam element with tailored properties is developed to represent virtual fibers, integrally capturing the equivalent axial, bending, and contact behaviors of real yarns whilst reducing modeling complexity found in existing approaches. The multiscale computational homogenization method originally established for continuous composite materials is reformulated for fabrics composed of discrete virtual fibers under finite deformation, enabling the use of a fabric unit cell model in picture frame shear simulations. Furthermore, a penalized implementation of periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) using spring elements is established to overcome the severe efficiency degradation of conventional implementations in commercial explicit FE solvers as model size increases. Validation against experimental data from Twintex plain woven fabrics demonstrates that the virtual fiber unit cell accurately predicts the kinematic and mechanical responses during picture frame shear tests with dramatically reduced model size. Additionally, the effect of clamping pretension on the variation of picture frame shear test results is accounted for and analyzed through the proposed unit cell model. The developed framework provides a computational alternative to physical testing, enabling efficient numerical characterization of fabric shear behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111425"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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