Composites Science and Technology最新文献_第10页

In-plane vs. out-of-plane auxetic architecture: Uncoupling tensile strength and indentation resistance of layered composite structures 面内与面外辅助结构：层状复合材料结构的解耦抗拉强度和抗压痕性能

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111382

Amirreza Tarafdar , Wenhua Lin , Andrea J. Hoe, Yeqing Wang

Auxetic layered composites offer exceptional resistance to indentation and impact, but their application is often hindered by a critical trade-off in tensile strength. This study first systematically quantifies this compromise, demonstrating through integrated experimental and theoretical analysis that an in-plane auxetic design sacrifices over half its ultimate tensile strength compared to a non-auxetic counterpart. This weakness is confirmed to originate from transverse strain amplification that promotes premature failure. The central contribution of this work, however, is the resolution of this long-standing dilemma. We present the design and validation of an out-of-plane auxetic architecture that eliminates the tensile penalty, achieving a comparable tensile strength compared to its stiffness-matched, non-auxetic counterpart. Furthermore, this tensile-friendly design exhibits a remarkable enhancement in indentation resistance. Under quasi-static indentation, it sustains higher loads and shows over 40 % less permanent indentation. The micro-CT analysis reveals the energy absorption mechanism. The auxetic effect mitigates damage by promoting widespread, energy dissipating internal delamination. Ultimately, this research proves that the tensile trade-off is not an intrinsic gap but a solvable design challenge. It provides a clear pathway toward multifunctional composites that are simultaneously tensile reliable and indentation resistant, significantly advancing their potential for demanding structural applications.

增生性层状复合材料具有优异的抗压痕和抗冲击性能，但其应用往往受到抗拉强度的关键权衡的阻碍。本研究首先系统地量化了这种妥协，通过综合实验和理论分析证明，与非辅助设计相比，平面内辅助设计牺牲了一半以上的极限抗拉强度。这一弱点被证实是由于横向应变放大导致过早失效。然而，这项工作的核心贡献是解决了这一长期存在的困境。我们提出了一种面外辅助结构的设计和验证，该结构消除了拉伸损失，与刚度匹配的非辅助结构相比，达到了相当的拉伸强度。此外，这种拉伸友好型设计在抗压痕方面表现出显着的增强。在准静态压痕下，它承受更高的载荷，并且显示出超过40%的永久性压痕。显微ct分析揭示了能量吸收机理。补缺效应通过促进广泛的、能量耗散的内部分层来减轻损害。最终，本研究证明了拉伸权衡不是一个内在的差距，而是一个可解决的设计挑战。它为多功能复合材料提供了一条清晰的道路，这些复合材料同时具有拉伸可靠性和抗压痕性，显著提高了它们在高要求结构应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the validity of micro-pillar compression for determining strength and stiffness of carbon fibres 评价微柱压缩法测定碳纤维强度和刚度的有效性

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111362

V. Keryvin , M. Ueda , G. Kermouche , Y. Marthouret , S. Sao-Joao

The longitudinal compressive mechanical behaviour of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-precursor T300 carbon fibres was assessed using micro-pillar compression testing, with direct comparison to published data on entire fibre compression. Micro-pillars, fabricated via focused ion beam (FIB) milling, exhibited compressive modulus, strength, and failure strain values closely matching those of whole fibres, thereby validating this microscale technique for accurate stiffness and strength measurements. A progressive reduction in stiffness with increasing compressive strain — indicative of non-linear elasticity — was directly observed and quantified under compression for the first time. Although the failure modes of micro-pillars differed from those of intact fibres, the results support the hypothesis of a mechanically homogeneous fibre microstructure and suggest the presence of a stabilising outer sheath that delays failure initiation. These findings reinforce the methodological basis for small-scale mechanical testing of carbon fibres and carry implications for multiscale modelling and the prediction of compressive strength in unidirectional composite plies.

采用微柱压缩试验对聚丙烯腈（PAN）前驱体T300碳纤维的纵向压缩力学行为进行了评估，并与已发表的全纤维压缩数据进行了直接比较。通过聚焦离子束（FIB）铣削制造的微柱，其压缩模量、强度和破坏应变值与整个纤维的压缩模量、强度和破坏应变值密切匹配，从而验证了这种微尺度技术的精确刚度和强度测量。随着压缩应变的增加，刚度逐渐降低-表明非线性弹性-首次在压缩下直接观察和量化。尽管微柱的破坏模式与完整纤维的破坏模式不同，但研究结果支持了机械均匀纤维微观结构的假设，并表明存在稳定的外护套，可以延迟破坏的发生。这些发现加强了碳纤维小规模机械测试的方法学基础，并对单向复合材料层的多尺度建模和抗压强度预测产生了影响。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-network aramid nanofibers/cellulose Nanofibers/MXene aerogels for lightweight, pulse electromagnetic interference shielding 双网芳纶纳米纤维/纤维素纳米纤维/MXene气凝胶轻量化，脉冲电磁干扰屏蔽

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111373

Shuaijie Liu , Tianyi Zhang , Bowen Tan , Jinglun Guo , Wei Zhong , Nannan Chen , Han Zou , Le Cao , Xuqing Liu

Achieving effective shielding against high-power electromagnetic pulses (HEMPs) without compromising mass is critical for aerospace, defence and wearable systems, yet remains elusive for most lightweight materials. In this work, we present a multifunctional composite aerogel constructed from aramid nanofibers (ANFs), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and MXene nanosheets. A dual-network architecture is formed through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, yielding a highly porous structure with integrated strength, flexibility, and electrical functionality. The aerogel exhibits an exceptional compressive stress of 0.48 MPa at 60 % strain, broadband shielding effectiveness exceeding 90 dB in the X-band (with >90 % absorption contribution), and thermal stability up to 150 °C. Conventional shielding metrics based on continuous-wave (CW) frequency-domain evaluations often fail to capture material behavior under such scenarios. To evaluate the aerogel's transient protection capabilities, we further employed time-domain shielding effectiveness (TDSE) simulations based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. The results confirm strong suppression of electric field peaks, derivatives, and energy flux under EMP-like illumination, demonstrating the aerogel's viability in pulse-rich environments such as aerospace and defense systems. This study offers a versatile and scalable platform for engineering aerogels with high-performance electromagnetic resilience, bridging the gap between material design and real-world operational requirements.

在不影响质量的情况下实现对大功率电磁脉冲（HEMPs）的有效屏蔽对于航空航天、国防和可穿戴系统至关重要，但对于大多数轻质材料来说仍然难以实现。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种由芳纶纳米纤维（ANFs）、纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）和MXene纳米片构成的多功能复合气凝胶。通过氢键和静电相互作用形成双网络结构，产生具有综合强度，柔韧性和电气功能的高度多孔结构。该气凝胶在60%应变下表现出0.48 MPa的特殊压应力，在x波段的宽带屏蔽效率超过90 dB（吸收贡献为90%），热稳定性高达150°C。基于连续波（CW）频域评估的传统屏蔽指标往往无法捕捉到这种情况下的材料行为。为了评估气凝胶的瞬态保护能力，我们进一步采用基于时域有限差分（FDTD）建模的时域屏蔽效率（TDSE）模拟。结果证实，在类似emp的照明下，气凝胶对电场峰值、导数和能量通量有很强的抑制作用，证明了气凝胶在高脉冲环境（如航空航天和国防系统）中的可行性。该研究为具有高性能电磁弹性的工程气凝胶提供了一个通用的、可扩展的平台，弥合了材料设计与实际操作需求之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

A novel composite material of aramid fiber-reinforced polyurea elastomer matrix: mechanical properties and ballistic performance 一种新型芳纶纤维增强聚脲弹性体复合材料：力学性能和弹道性能

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111370

Zhiyuan Wang , Lihong Yang , Shijie Yang , Peng Liu , Linzhi Wu

A novel aramid fiber-reinforced composite with a polyurea elastomer matrix was fabricated and systematically evaluated for its mechanical properties and ballistic performance. Five groups of composite laminates with different polyurea contents, together with a reference epoxy-based laminate, were prepared. A series of quasi-static mechanical tests and ballistic impact experiments were then performed on these laminates. Furthermore, Multi scale finite element simulations were conducted to investigate the impact response and failure mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of polyurea as the matrix markedly enhances the energy absorption capacity, deformability, and ballistic resistance of the composite laminates compared to epoxy-based laminates. A polyurea content of 20 % was identified as providing the optimal balance between mechanical strength and toughness, resulting in the higher ballistic limit and specific energy absorption. The polyurea matrix enables greater fiber deformation and a more extensive stress distribution during impact, thereby enhancing energy dissipation. These findings indicate that polyurea elastomer matrix confers substantial advantages for the design of advanced, lightweight ballistic protective composites.

制备了一种以聚脲弹性体为基体的芳纶纤维增强复合材料，并对其力学性能和弹道性能进行了系统评价。制备了五组不同聚脲含量的复合层压板和一种参考环氧基层压板。然后对复合材料进行了一系列准静态力学试验和弹道冲击试验。此外，还进行了多尺度有限元模拟，研究了冲击响应和破坏机制。结果表明，与环氧基层压板相比，聚脲作为基体的掺入显著提高了复合层压板的吸能能力、变形能力和抗弹道性。20%的聚脲含量被确定为提供机械强度和韧性之间的最佳平衡，导致更高的弹道极限和比能吸收。聚脲基体使纤维在冲击过程中变形更大，应力分布更广泛，从而增强能量耗散。这些发现表明，聚脲弹性体基体为设计先进、轻质的弹道防护复合材料提供了实质性的优势。

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引用次数: 0

Elevating the performance of bio-based epoxidized natural rubber/natural rubber/silica nanocomposites via strategic manipulation of silica phase-selective distribution 通过调控二氧化硅相选择分布提高生物基环氧化天然橡胶/天然橡胶/二氧化硅纳米复合材料性能

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111372

Zixuan Wang , Ruoyu Wang , Yanguo Li , Yanjin Zhu , Weixiao Song , Xiaohui Wu , Guo-Hua Hu , Liqun Zhang

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) combines the excellent elasticity and mechanical strength of natural rubber (NR) with the polarity, oil resistance, and wet skid resistance imparted by the introduction of epoxy groups. In particular, ENR show strong affinity with silica, endowing it great development potential in the field of green tires. However, in the silica-based composite system, ENR and NR is incompatible and forms a phase-separated structure, hindering the performance improvement of the composite. In this work, silane coupling agent bis(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) was pre-incorporated into NR to prepare NR-TESPT masterbatch to improve the affinity between the NR and silica. NR-TESPT masterbatch with different TESPT content were prepared and mixed with ENR and silica to fabricate ENR/NR/silica (ENR/NR-xT) composites. The phase-selective dispersion mechanism of silica in the ENR and NR matrix was observed by AFM-Nano-FTIR and TEM. The results shows that both the ENR phase and the NR-TESPT phase can form strong coupling interactions with silica. And a double-coupling structure of epoxy-silanol and silanol-TESPT-double bond is formed to enhance the uniform silica dispersion and the comprehensive properties of composites. The ENR/NR-4T composite exhibits significant performance improvements compared to the NR-6T composite, with a 115 % increase in anti-wet skid performance, a 30.9 % increase in tensile strength, and a 61.9 % increase in tear strength.

环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）将天然橡胶（NR）的优异弹性和机械强度与引入环氧基团所赋予的极性，耐油性和湿滑性相结合。特别是ENR与二氧化硅具有较强的亲和性，在绿色轮胎领域具有很大的发展潜力。但在硅基复合体系中，ENR与NR不相容，形成相分离结构，阻碍了复合材料性能的提高。本研究将硅烷偶联剂双（γ-三乙氧基硅丙基）四硫醚（TESPT）预掺入NR中制备NR-TESPT母粒，以提高NR与二氧化硅的亲合力。制备了不同含量的NR-TESPT母粒，并与ENR和二氧化硅混合，制备了ENR/NR/二氧化硅（ENR/NR- xt）复合材料。采用原子力显微镜-纳米傅里叶变换红外光谱（afm）和透射电镜（TEM）观察了二氧化硅在ENR和NR基体中的相选择分散机制。结果表明，ENR相和NR-TESPT相均能与二氧化硅形成强耦合相互作用。形成了环氧-硅醇和硅醇- tespt -双键的双偶联结构，增强了二氧化硅的均匀分散和复合材料的综合性能。与NR-6T复合材料相比，ENR/NR-4T复合材料表现出显著的性能改进，抗湿滑性能提高了115%，抗拉强度提高了30.9%，撕裂强度提高了61.9%。

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引用次数: 0

A SCA-based concurrent multiscale thermo-mechanical model for transient thermal ablative and mechanical damage properties of SiFPRCs 基于sca的sifrcs瞬态热烧蚀和力学损伤多尺度并行模型研究

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111368

Shuo Cao , Yiqi Mao , Wenyang Liu , Shujuan Hou

Accurate numerical simulation of the ablation process in silica fiber-reinforced phenolic resin composites (SiFPRCs) is critical for advanced thermal protection applications. However, conventional dual-scale finite element (FE²) methods incur prohibitive computational costs when capturing the strongly nonlinear responses induced by multiple dissipative mechanisms during thermochemical ablation. To address this issue, we propose a dual-scale framework (FEM-SCA) that integrates the finite element method (FEM) with self-consistent clustering analysis (SCA). At the macroscopic level, FEM captures the overall thermo-mechanical response, while nested mesoscale representative volume elements (RVEs) are solved using the SCA to capture dissipative processes, including heat radiation, phenolic resin pyrolysis, thermal blocking, silica fiber phase transitions, carbon-silicon reaction, and mechanical degradation. A staggered incremental scheme enables efficient transient coupling across scales. Validation against FE² benchmarks demonstrates that FEM-SCA reproduces thermal conduction and pyrolysis behavior with <5 % error, while reducing computational cost by over two orders of magnitude. The proposed framework offers a computationally efficient and physically grounded approach for simulating ablation in woven composites.

硅纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料（sifprc）烧蚀过程的精确数值模拟对于先进的热防护应用至关重要。然而，传统的双尺度有限元（FE2）方法在捕获热化学烧蚀过程中由多种耗散机制引起的强烈非线性响应时，会产生令人望而却步的计算成本。为了解决这一问题，我们提出了一种双尺度框架（FEM-SCA），该框架将有限元方法（FEM）与自洽聚类分析（SCA）相结合。在宏观层面上，FEM捕获了整体的热-力学响应，而嵌套的中尺度代表性体积元（RVEs）则使用SCA求解，以捕获耗散过程，包括热辐射、酚醛树脂热解、热阻塞、硅纤维相变、碳-硅反应和机械降解。交错增量方案使跨尺度的有效瞬态耦合成为可能。对FE2基准的验证表明，FEM-SCA再现热传导和热解行为的误差为<； 5%，同时将计算成本降低了两个数量级以上。所提出的框架提供了一种计算高效和物理接地的方法来模拟编织复合材料的烧蚀。

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引用次数: 0

A mesoscopic modeling scheme for 3D virtual testing of woven prepregs during forming processes 编织预浸料成形过程三维虚拟测试的细观建模方案

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111364

Deyong Sun , Meiyu Liu , Chongrui Tang , Yuncong Feng , Qingbin Zheng , Weizhao Zhang

Accurate simulation of the forming processes of woven prepregs at the macroscale requires input of comprehensive material parameters that are typically obtained through extensive experimental characterization, which is resource-intensive and time-consuming. As improvement, an innovative finite element analysis (FEA) modeling scheme was developed at mesoscale for 3D virtual testing of the composite prepregs’ properties under the complex process condition. This modeling scheme was realized through the commercial finite element analysis software Abaqus/Explicit with a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT). This modeling scheme employs micro-CT based geometry reconstruction, continuum elements and a transversely isotropic hyperelastic constitutive model to simulate yarns as continuous bodies. Physically meaningful parameters are input to the constitutive model to elucidate the deformation mechanism. A finite element (FE) homogenization technique based on reaction force was also established to facilitate correct meso-to-macro transfer of material properties for multiscale simulation, as well as comparison with experimental data, for the fabric composites. Once completed, simulation results from this FEA modeling scheme were validated against a series of experiments typically utilized to characterize prepregs being formed, including uniaxial tension, bias-extension and out-of-plane compaction. The validation demonstrates that this modeling scheme can accurately capture key 3D deformation of the woven composite prepregs at mesoscale under various process conditions, providing a comprehensive tool to numerically identify forming behavior of the prepregs while minimizing the expensive experiments.

在宏观尺度上对编织预浸料成形过程进行精确模拟，需要输入综合的材料参数，而这些参数通常是通过大量的实验表征获得的，这是一项资源密集且耗时的工作。作为改进，提出了一种创新的中尺度有限元分析（FEA）建模方案，用于复杂工艺条件下复合材料预浸料性能的三维虚拟测试。该建模方案通过商用有限元分析软件Abaqus/Explicit，并使用用户自定义材料子程序（VUMAT）实现。该建模方案采用基于微ct的几何重构、连续单元和横向各向同性超弹性本构模型，将纱线作为连续体进行模拟。在本构模型中输入有物理意义的参数来阐明变形机理。建立了一种基于反作用力的有限元均质化技术，为织物复合材料的多尺度模拟以及与实验数据的比较提供了正确的中观到宏观的材料性能传递。一旦完成，该FEA建模方案的仿真结果将通过一系列通常用于表征预浸料成形的实验进行验证，包括单轴拉伸、偏伸和面外压实。验证结果表明，该建模方案能够准确捕获各种工艺条件下编织复合材料预浸料在中尺度上的关键三维变形，为预浸料成形行为的数值识别提供了全面的工具，同时最大限度地减少了昂贵的实验费用。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale investigation of torsional failure mechanisms in 3D braided carbon fiber composite shafts via integrated CT, 3D-DIC, and AE analysis 基于集成CT、3D- dic和AE分析的三维编织碳纤维复合材料轴扭转破坏机制的多尺度研究

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111366

Jikang Li , Zheng Liu , Xuecheng Liu , Zhe Zhang , Xu Chen

This study systematically investigated the torsional damage evolution and failure mechanisms of 3D braided carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites through an integrated multiscale methodology combining static torsion mechanical testing, computed tomography (CT) damage analysis, three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC), and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Experimental results revealed that the 3D braided carbon fiber-reinforced composite specimens exhibited approximately linear elastic behavior during torsion. An increase in braiding angle (15°–45°) enhanced shear modulus and strength by 67 %, but reduced failure strain to 0.61 % while shifting the failure mode dominance from ductile matrix deformation to brittle fiber fracture. CT analysis demonstrated that compressive fiber bundle failure governed mechanical performance, with damage progression initiating as interfacial debonding (at 60 % load), progressing through crack bifurcation (at 80 % load), and culminating in fiber buckling failure. 3D-DIC quantitatively characterized the strain heterogeneity regulated by braiding topology, showing that maximum shear strain decreased by 67 % with increasing braiding angles. Notably, 45° specimens developed mesh-like strain distribution pattern, revealing the directional regulation of load transfer paths through spatial fiber entanglement. The proposed AE signal processing framework integrating Hilbert-Huang transform with frequency-domain calibration techniques successfully identified three characteristic damage modes: matrix cracking (100–200 kHz), interface debonding (200–320 kHz), and fiber fracture (320–420 kHz). Statistical analysis indicated matrix damage dominated the failure process (75.5–80 % contribution), occurring during early loading stages, whereas fiber failure emerged near final rupture. Higher braiding angles were found to suppress matrix damage through enhanced fiber interlocking effects.

本研究通过静态扭转力学测试、计算机断层扫描（CT）损伤分析、三维数字图像相关（3D- dic）和声发射（AE）监测相结合的综合多尺度方法，系统地研究了三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的扭转损伤演化和破坏机制。实验结果表明，三维编织碳纤维增强复合材料试件在扭转过程中表现出近似的线弹性行为。增加编织角（15°~ 45°）可使剪切模量和强度提高67%，但破坏应变降低至0.61%，破坏模式由延性基体变形为主转变为脆性纤维断裂。CT分析表明，压缩纤维束破坏控制着力学性能，损伤进程始于界面剥离（在60%载荷下），通过裂纹分岔（在80%载荷下），最终以纤维屈曲破坏告终。3D-DIC定量表征了编织拓扑调节下的应变非均匀性，结果表明，随着编织角度的增加，最大剪切应变降低了67%。值得注意的是，45°试样呈现网格状应变分布模式，揭示了空间纤维缠结对载荷传递路径的定向调节。将Hilbert-Huang变换与频域校准技术相结合的声发射信号处理框架成功识别出三种特征损伤模式：基体开裂（100-200 kHz）、界面剥离（200-320 kHz）和纤维断裂（320-420 kHz）。统计分析表明，基体损伤主导了破坏过程（占75.5 - 80%），发生在加载早期阶段，而纤维破坏发生在最终破裂附近。较高的编织角度可以通过增强纤维互锁效应来抑制基体损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Pyrolysis-driven progressive microstructural degradation in carbon/phenolic needle-punched composites 热解驱动的碳/酚醛针刺复合材料的渐进微观结构降解

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111367

Yu Chen , Yiqi Mao , Jinjin Wang , Fei Chang , Ran Tao

Carbon fiber-reinforced needle-punched composites are widely used in thermal protection systems; however, the elucidation of the structural damage mechanism caused by their heterogeneous materials and nonlinear thermodynamic behavior under extreme conditions remains unclear. To reveal the failure mechanisms of materials in high-temperature environments, this study systematically investigates pyrolysis-driven progressive microstructural degradation in carbon/phenolic needle-punched composites. Oxidation-kerosene ablation experiments were conducted at various temperatures, with the residual bending mechanical properties of the materials assessed through three-point bending tests combined with digital image correlation techniques. To track microstructural evolution, we performed X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy on the needle-punched composites. Complementary to experimental characterization, we developed a microstructural model of the needle-punched composite and simulated its damage under thermo-mechanical coupled degradation using Abaqus user-defined subroutines (UMAT and UMATHT), thereby elucidating pyrolysis-driven microstructural evolution. The results indicate that the degradation of the composites’ mechanical properties due to ablation pyrolysis is primarily attributed to the alteration of microstructural morphology, including fiber fracture, crack propagation, pore coalescence, and cavity formation induced by pyrolytic oxidation.

碳纤维增强针刺复合材料广泛应用于热防护系统；然而，在极端条件下，非均相材料和非线性热力学行为导致的结构损伤机制尚不清楚。为了揭示材料在高温环境下的破坏机制，本研究系统地研究了热解驱动的碳/酚醛针刺复合材料的渐进微观结构降解。在不同温度下进行了氧化-煤油烧蚀实验，并通过三点弯曲试验结合数字图像相关技术评估了材料的残余弯曲力学性能。为了跟踪微观结构的演变，我们对针刺复合材料进行了x射线计算机断层扫描和扫描电子显微镜。作为实验表征的补充，我们建立了针刺复合材料的微观结构模型，并使用Abaqus用户自定义子程序（UMAT和UMATHT）模拟了其在热-力学耦合降解下的损伤，从而阐明了热解驱动的微观结构演变。结果表明：烧蚀热解对复合材料力学性能的破坏主要是由于热解氧化引起的纤维断裂、裂纹扩展、孔隙聚结和空穴形成等微观组织形态的改变。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-layer structural strategy in needle-punched fabrics for synergistic improving mechanical and thermal performance of nanoporous phenolic composites 针刺织物的双层结构策略协同提高纳米多孔酚醛复合材料的力学和热性能

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111365

Hongxiang Cai , Bo Niu , Yaolan Li , Peiqi Yang , Yu Cao , Zhe Su , Yi Luo , Donghui Long

Needle-punched fabrics are widely utilized to reinforce ablative nanoporous phenolic composites (NPCs) due to their cost-effectiveness and design flexibility. However, achieving a structural design that synergistically optimizes both mechanical and thermal performance remains a significant challenge. This study aims to address this issue by developing a dual-layer needle-punched fabric structure consisting of a top high-density ablation layer and a bottom low-density insulation layer. NPCs with varying ablation layer thickness ratios (13 %, 33 %, and 53 %) are fabricated and systematically evaluated through macro-micro mechanical tests, heat transfer test, and systematic high-temperature ablation experiments. Results show that NPC with a 33 % ablation layer ratio achieves the highest tensile strength (42.6 ± 0.82 MPa), owing to an optimal balance between load-bearing capacity and strain tolerance. In-situ micro-CT analysis under tensile loading reveals that the high-density ablation layer significantly enhances both strength and ductility by providing tightly woven fiber yarns. Heat transfer simulations indicate that the high-density layer serves as the primary heat conduction path, while the low-density layer effectively reduces overall thermal conductivity by limiting solid fiber heat transfer. Oxy-acetylene ablation tests at 2000 °C and 3200 °C demonstrate that the dual-layer structure reduces the linear ablation rate by approximately 25 % compared with single-layer NPCs, as the tightly woven ablation layer effectively withstands extreme heat flux. The present work offers new insights into the structural optimization of needle-punched fabric reinforced NPCs and provide design guidelines for advanced thermal protection materials in extreme aerospace environments.

针刺织物因其成本效益和设计灵活性而被广泛应用于烧蚀纳米孔酚醛复合材料的增强。然而，实现机械和热性能协同优化的结构设计仍然是一个重大挑战。为了解决这一问题，本研究开发了一种由顶部高密度烧蚀层和底部低密度绝缘层组成的双层针刺织物结构。制作了不同烧蚀层厚度比（13%、33%和53%）的npc，并通过宏观微观力学测试、传热测试和系统的高温烧蚀实验对其进行了系统评估。结果表明，当烧蚀层比为33%时，NPC的抗拉强度达到最高（42.6±0.82 MPa），其承载能力和应变容限达到最佳平衡。拉伸载荷下的原位微ct分析表明，高密度烧蚀层提供紧密编织的纤维纱线，显著提高了材料的强度和延展性。传热模拟表明，高密度层是主要的导热路径，而低密度层通过限制固体纤维的传热有效地降低了总导热系数。氧乙炔在2000℃和3200℃下的烧蚀试验表明，由于紧密编织的烧蚀层有效地承受了极端的热通量，与单层npc相比，双层结构的线性烧蚀率降低了约25%。本研究为针刺织物增强npc的结构优化提供了新的见解，并为极端航空航天环境下先进热防护材料的设计提供了指导。

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