Composites Science and Technology最新文献

Scalable structural supercapacitors with graphene-modified high-surface-area electrodes 石墨烯修饰高表面积电极的可伸缩结构超级电容器

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-26 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111585

Sian Ying Chen , Sourav Patranabish , Kathrin Weiland , Qixiang Jiang , Alexander Bismarck , Ludovic Jourdin , Kunal Masania

Electrification, including emerging technologies such as structural supercapacitors, is critical in realizing carbon-neutral transportation. A fundamental challenge is the trade-off between mechanical properties and energy storage capabilities. We report the fabrication of structural supercapacitors with a novel fibre-fibre interface to improve the interlaminar strength and encapsulation while considering the effect of structural resin on energy storage performance. The synthesized graphene nanoplatelets-modified electrodes attain a high specific surface area of ∼231 m² g⁻¹ - outperforming comparable carbon-based electrodes. We learned that the use of a gel-polymer electrolyte (GPE) separator containing 60 wt% Li-salt eliminates the requirement of electrolyte infusion and showed the highest values for conductivity for the cell produced using GPE. The implementation of glass fabrics (GFs) into the GPE improved the flexural modulus by ∼22%, while retaining the mechanical strength of the cells. The multifunctional performance of the produced SSCs were on par or even outperformed the performances of SSCs reported in literature. A proof-of-concept prototype demonstrates that gel-polymer electrolyte cells can retain charges for longer than those with a glass fibre separator. Cumulatively, these offer the possibility of conventional composite manufacturing techniques to scale-up and eliminate delamination issues arising from different thermal expansion coefficients which also addresses the balance between mechanical stability and electrochemical performance. Our findings support the advancement of durable, lightweight energy storage and delivery systems for sustainable transportation, with potential applications in robotics and wearable technologies.

电气化，包括结构超级电容器等新兴技术，对于实现碳中和运输至关重要。一个基本的挑战是机械性能和能量存储能力之间的权衡。在考虑结构树脂对储能性能的影响的同时，我们报道了一种具有新型纤维界面的结构超级电容器的制造，以提高层间强度和封装性。合成的石墨烯纳米片修饰电极获得了高达231 m2 g−1的高比表面积，优于可比的碳基电极。我们了解到，使用含有60 wt%锂盐的凝胶-聚合物电解质（GPE）分离器消除了对电解质输注的需求，并且使用GPE生产的电池显示出最高的电导率。将玻璃纤维（GFs）加入到GPE中，在保持细胞的机械强度的同时，弯曲模量提高了约22%。制备的SSCs的多功能性能与文献报道的SSCs相当甚至优于文献报道的SSCs。一个概念验证原型表明，凝胶-聚合物电解质电池比那些带有玻璃纤维分离器的电池保留电荷的时间更长。总的来说，这为传统的复合材料制造技术提供了扩大规模和消除由不同热膨胀系数引起的分层问题的可能性，同时也解决了机械稳定性和电化学性能之间的平衡。我们的研究结果支持了可持续交通中耐用、轻便的能量存储和输送系统的进步，在机器人和可穿戴技术中具有潜在的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Construction of multifunctional carboxylated nitrile butadiene composite films: Integration of degradability, antioxidant and antibacterial functions 多功能羧基丁腈复合膜的构建：降解、抗氧化和抗菌功能的集成

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-26 Epub Date: 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111598

Jilei Han, Zhe Wang, Yuxuan Yang, Dan Liu, Chunmei Niu, Ruolin Wang

Aiming at the main application bottlenecks of long degradation cycle and poor antibacterial property of disposable carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) gloves, APS-iron (APS-Fe) chelate was employed as a multifunctional modifier to prepare XNBR/APS-Fe composite films through compounding and vulcanization processes. Utilizing APS-Fe's dual properties (metal-catalyzed aging and biodegradability), we established a “catalysis-biology” dual-driven rapid degradation system. The service life of the XNBR/1.5APS-Fe composite film to reach the 75% threshold of fracture retention at 25 °C was only 4.34 years, significantly shorter than its natural degradation cycle. With the synergistic effect of the active groups of APS and Fe³⁺, the composite film exhibited remarkably enhanced scavenging capacity for hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals, effectively addressing the shortcoming of weak antibacterial property of pure XNBR. The antibacterial capacity of XNBR/1.5APS-Fe against Escherichia coli was prominent, 11.4 times higher than that of pure XNBR. Additionally, the mechanical properties and solvent resistance of XNBR films were also improved. The novel composite film combines excellent properties such as degradability, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial safety. These findings provide a scientific and practical solution for the development of functional disposable rubber products.

针对一次性羧化丁腈橡胶（XNBR）手套降解周期长、抗菌性能差的主要应用瓶颈，采用aps -铁（APS-Fe）螯合物作为多功能改性剂，通过复合和硫化工艺制备了XNBR/APS-Fe复合薄膜。利用APS-Fe的金属催化老化和生物降解双重特性，建立了“催化-生物”双重驱动的快速降解系统。在25℃条件下，XNBR/1.5APS-Fe复合膜达到75%断口保留阈值的使用寿命仅为4.34年，明显短于其自然降解周期。在APS和Fe3+活性基团的协同作用下，复合膜对羟基自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力显著增强，有效解决了纯XNBR抗菌性能弱的缺点。XNBR/1.5APS-Fe对大肠杆菌的抑菌能力显著，是纯XNBR的11.4倍。此外，XNBR薄膜的力学性能和耐溶剂性也得到了改善。这种新型复合薄膜具有可降解性、抗氧化性和抗菌安全性等优异性能。这些发现为功能性一次性橡胶制品的开发提供了科学实用的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

A bio-inspired interface modification strategy for suppressing insulation degradation of aramid fiber/epoxy composites 抑制芳纶/环氧复合材料绝缘降解的仿生界面改性策略

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-26 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111590

Xiaoxiao Kong , Ge Zhang , Yan Liu , Xiaolan Li , Yun Chen , Yifang Wang , Boxue Du

Designing effective interfaces for aramid fiber/epoxy (AF/EP) composites in electrical insulation applications is particularly challenging, given that interfacial failure is prone to occur at the AF/EP interface due to charge accumulation and inherent modulus mismatch. Inspired by mussel byssus and nacre, a bionic interface modification strategy is developed in this study, which integrates polydopamine coating and nanosilica (SiO₂) onto the fiber surface through a hierarchical assembly approach. The results show that the interfacial shear strength and interlaminar shear strength of the composites are improved by 126.46% and 47.86% respectively, due to the synergistic effects of enhanced interface bonding strength, mechanical interlocking and successful construction of gradient modulus transition layer. Furthermore, more charge traps and energy scattering centers are introduced by SiO₂. Consequently, interfacial insulation degradation process under high voltage is significantly suppressed in the channel length, cumulative damage area, and breakdown time. Compared to the unmodified AF/EP composites, the modified composites demonstrate exceptional dielectric properties with DC conductivity decreased by 83.38%, dielectric loss reduced by 10.36% and breakdown strength enhanced by 29.43%. This interface functionalization strategy provides novel insights into the performance improvement of AF/EP composites for high-end power equipment subjected to combined electrical and mechanical stresses.

由于电荷积累和固有模量不匹配，在AF/EP界面上容易发生界面失效，因此在电绝缘应用中为芳纶纤维/环氧树脂（AF/EP）复合材料设计有效的界面尤其具有挑战性。受贻贝足丝和珍珠层的启发，本研究开发了一种仿生界面修饰策略，该策略通过分层组装方法将聚多巴胺涂层和纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）集成到纤维表面。结果表明：复合材料的界面剪切强度和层间剪切强度分别提高了126.46%和47.86%，这是界面结合强度增强、机械联锁和梯度模量过渡层成功构建的协同作用所致。此外，SiO2还引入了更多的电荷陷阱和能量散射中心。因此，高压下的界面绝缘退化过程在通道长度、累积损伤面积和击穿时间中受到显著抑制。与未改性的AF/EP复合材料相比，改性后的复合材料具有优异的介电性能，直流电导率降低83.38%，介电损耗降低10.36%，击穿强度提高29.43%。这种界面功能化策略为提高AF/EP复合材料的性能提供了新的见解，该复合材料可用于承受电气和机械联合应力的高端电力设备。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental–numerical phase-field modelling of ductile and fatigue fracture in short fibre-reinforced polymeric adhesives 短纤维增强聚合物胶粘剂韧性和疲劳断裂的实验-数值相场模拟

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-26 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111588

Aamir Dean , Maryam Hematipour , Pavan Kumar Asur Vijaya Kumar , Raimund Rolfes

Structural adhesives are essential in wind turbine blades, where bonded joints are subjected to complex static and cyclic loading and are prone to fatigue-driven failure. Recently developed short fibre-reinforced polymeric (SFRP) adhesives offer enhanced mechanical performance, but their fracture behaviour is strongly influenced by fibre orientation and anisotropy. This study presents an experimental–numerical framework for predicting quasi-static and fatigue fracture in SFRP adhesives using a phase-field approach. An experimental campaign, including quasi-static and tension-tension fatigue tests with full-field strain measurements, reveals pronounced anisotropic elasto-plastic behaviour, orientation-dependent fatigue life, and distinct damage mechanisms under monotonic and cyclic loading. Based on these observations, an anisotropic phase-field model for ductile fracture is developed and coupled with an invariant-based transversely isotropic elasto-plastic constitutive formulation with pressure sensitivity and non-associative plastic flow. Fatigue effects are incorporated through a thermodynamically consistent degradation of fracture toughness driven by accumulated energy dissipation. The model is implemented within a finite element framework and validated against experiments through simulations of dog-bone and single-edge notched specimens. The numerical results show very good agreement with experimental stress–strain responses, S-N curves, and crack initiation and propagation behaviour, demonstrating the capability of the proposed framework to predict the durability of SFRP adhesive joints under static and cyclic loading.

结构粘合剂在风力涡轮机叶片中是必不可少的，在风力涡轮机叶片中，粘合接头要承受复杂的静态和循环载荷，并且容易发生疲劳驱动的故障。最近开发的短纤维增强聚合物（SFRP）胶粘剂具有增强的力学性能，但其断裂行为受到纤维取向和各向异性的强烈影响。本研究提出了一个实验-数值框架，用于使用相场方法预测SFRP胶粘剂的准静态和疲劳断裂。一项实验活动，包括准静态和张力-张力疲劳测试与全场应变测量，揭示了明显的各向异性弹塑性行为，取向相关的疲劳寿命，以及单调和循环载荷下不同的损伤机制。基于这些观察结果，建立了韧性断裂的各向异性相场模型，并将其与具有压力敏感性和非关联塑性流的基于不变量的横向各向同性弹塑性本构公式相结合。疲劳效应通过累积能量耗散驱动的断裂韧性的热力学一致退化纳入。该模型在有限元框架内实现，并通过狗骨和单刃缺口试件的仿真实验进行了验证。数值计算结果与试验应力-应变响应、S-N曲线以及裂纹起裂和扩展行为吻合良好，表明该框架能够预测SFRP粘接节点在静荷载和循环荷载下的耐久性。

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引用次数: 0

Flexible PEDOT:PSS/PVA/Co3O4 nanocomposite films with absorption-dominated EMI shielding performance 具有吸收主导电磁干扰屏蔽性能的柔性PEDOT:PSS/PVA/Co3O4纳米复合薄膜

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111554

Rishi Mohanan , Raneesh Balakrishnan , Karthika Shylaja , Nandakumar Kalarikkal , Reshna Suresh , Nirmala Rachel James

The increasing reliance on high-frequency electronics has intensified the need for lightweight and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. In this work, PEDOT:PSS/PVA/Co₃O₄ nanocomposite films were developed using a conductive polymer–metal oxide composite design strategy to overcome the limited conductivity and weak attenuation mechanisms of conventional polymer shields. By varying the Co₃O₄ content from 0 to 40 wt%, a clear correlation was established between the structure and properties, linking the nanoparticle dispersion with the high-frequency electromagnetic response. Structural, morphological, elemental, mechanical, and electrical analyses collectively demonstrate the effective dispersion of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles within the conductive PEDOT:PSS/PVA matrix. EMI analyses reveal that absorption-related attenuation dominates over reflection due to the combined effects of conductive loss, interfacial polarization, and multiple scattering. The EMI shielding effectiveness across the X, Ku, and K bands confirms that the high shielding performance of the optimal sample is attributed to its proximity to the optimal dispersion state and uniform filler distribution. These findings highlight a rationally engineered, flexible, and lightweight nanocomposite with strong potential for next-generation communication, aerospace, and wearable electronic systems.

随着对高频电子技术的日益依赖，对轻质高效电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽材料的需求日益增加。本文采用导电聚合物-金属氧化物复合材料设计策略，开发了PEDOT:PSS/PVA/Co3O4纳米复合薄膜，克服了传统聚合物屏蔽层导电性有限和衰减机制弱的缺点。通过将Co3O4含量从0 wt%变化到40 wt%，在结构和性能之间建立了明确的相关性，将纳米颗粒的分散与高频电磁响应联系起来。结构、形态、元素、力学和电学分析共同证明了Co3O4纳米颗粒在导电PEDOT:PSS/PVA基体中的有效分散。电磁干扰分析表明，由于导电损耗、界面极化和多次散射的综合影响，吸收相关的衰减占主导地位。X、Ku和K波段的电磁干扰屏蔽效果证实，最佳样品的高屏蔽性能归因于其接近最佳色散状态和均匀填料分布。这些发现突出了一种合理设计、灵活、轻质的纳米复合材料，在下一代通信、航空航天和可穿戴电子系统中具有强大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A unified phase field model for continuous damage and chemically driven healing in self-healing composites 自愈复合材料连续损伤和化学驱动愈合的统一相场模型

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111560

Tong Xia , Wenyi Gong , Qiang Bao , Dayong Hu , Zhenyu Yang , Zixing Lu

Self-healing composites hold transformative potential for engineering structures by enabling autonomous damage repair, thereby substantially enhancing the damage tolerance and extending service life. This study develops a unified continuum phase-field model to systematically characterize the intrinsic healing mechanisms in such composites. The model fundamentally incorporates the diffusion of healing agents driven by chemical energy and integrates both damage evolution and healing recovery within a variational framework base on free energy minimization. A phase-field variable captures the diffusive damage state, while an independent healing field variable quantifies the restoration of mechanical properties. Finally, the damage and healing status of the material are uniformly described by using the effective damage degree variable. Governing equations are derived rigorously via the free energy minimization variational principle, ensuring thermodynamic consistency. A key advancement is the incorporation of stress-state regulation on healing, which accurately captures compressive-stress accelerated crack closure and tensile-stress inhibited healing behavior. For numerical implementation, customized user subroutines are developed in Abaqus, establishing a fully coupled solution scheme for healing dynamics, damage phase field, and displacement field. The model is validated through numerical simulations of healing performance in tapered double cantilever beams, and by reproducing the complete damage-healing trajectory in nacreous composites, including crack initiation, propagation, and subsequent healing. The results demonstrate that the model effectively captures crack growth and healing behaviors in composites with complex architectures, consequently providing a robust theoretical basis to guide the design and optimization of self-healing composites.

自修复复合材料通过实现自动损伤修复，从而大大提高损伤容忍度并延长使用寿命，在工程结构中具有变革潜力。本研究建立了一个统一的连续相场模型来系统地表征这种复合材料的内在愈合机制。该模型从根本上整合了由化学能驱动的愈合剂的扩散，并在基于自由能最小化的变分框架内整合了损伤演化和愈合恢复。相场变量捕获扩散损伤状态，而独立的愈合场变量量化机械性能的恢复。最后，利用有效损伤度变量统一描述材料的损伤和愈合状态。根据自由能最小化变分原理，严格推导了控制方程，保证了热力学的一致性。一个关键的进步是结合应力状态调节愈合，它准确地捕捉压缩应力加速裂纹关闭和拉应力抑制愈合行为。在数值实现方面，在Abaqus中开发定制用户子程序，建立了愈合动力学、损伤相场和位移场的全耦合求解方案。通过对锥形双悬臂梁的修复性能进行数值模拟，并通过再现珠光复合材料的完整损伤-修复轨迹，包括裂纹的萌生、扩展和随后的修复，验证了该模型的有效性。结果表明，该模型能有效地捕捉复杂结构复合材料的裂纹扩展和愈合行为，为指导自愈复合材料的设计和优化提供了有力的理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Structural composite battery: Reinforced carbon fibre electrodes within a porous polyethersulfone matrix 结构复合电池：多孔聚醚砜基质内的增强碳纤维电极

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111555

Qixiang Jiang , Cedric Normand , Francois Beauchamp , Alexander Beutl , Olivier Hubert , Alexander Bismarck

A method to produce multifunctional structural battery composites comprising carbon fibre reinforced anodes and cathodes, and electrolyte filled bicontinuous polymer matrix is disclosed. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium titanate (LTO) were deposited onto carbon fibres by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to produce multifunctional cathodes and anodes, respectively. EPD allowed for an even coating of individual carbon fibres depositing 30 wt% of active materials with respect to carbon fibre current collectors. Carbon fibre reinforced cathode (LFP@CF), separator and anode (LTO@CF) were stacked and impregnated using polyethersulfone (PES) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution; the PES was subsequently precipitated by non-solvent induced phase separation forming a porous high-performance polymer matrix within the stack. The porous matrix binds the carbon fibres and separator while providing sufficient openness for the electrochemical interface. The LFP@CF | separator | LTO@CF/PES assembly had an average Young's modulus of 27 ± 10 GPa and tensile strength of 282 ± 65 MPa. Structural battery composites possessed an energy density of 63 Wh/kg_LFP or 2 Wh/kg_battery at charge rate of 0.1C and were able to be cyclically dis/charged for more than 400 h.

公开了一种生产多功能结构电池复合材料的方法，该复合材料包括碳纤维增强阳极和阴极以及充满电解质的双连续聚合物基体。采用电泳沉积法（EPD）将磷酸铁锂（LFP）和钛酸锂（LTO）分别沉积在碳纤维表面，制备了多功能阴极和多功能阳极。EPD允许单个碳纤维的均匀涂层沉积30%的活性材料，相对于碳纤维集流器。采用聚醚砜（PES）在n -甲基-2-吡罗烷酮（NMP）溶液中对碳纤维增强阴极（LFP@CF）、分离器和阳极（LTO@CF）进行堆积和浸渍；PES随后通过非溶剂诱导相分离析出，在堆内形成多孔的高性能聚合物基体。多孔基质结合了碳纤维和分离器，同时为电化学界面提供了足够的开放性。LFP@CF |分离器| LTO@CF/PES组件的平均杨氏模量为27±10 GPa，抗拉强度为282±65 MPa。在0.1C充电速率下，结构电池复合材料的能量密度为63 Wh/kgLFP或2 Wh/kgbattery，并且能够循环放电/充电超过400 h。

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引用次数: 0

Green preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/phosphorylated nanocellulose composite film with excellent flame retardancy, high transparency and high strength 绿色制备的聚乙烯醇/磷酸化纳米纤维素复合膜具有优异的阻燃性、高透明度和高强度

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111579

Enhui Liu, Jiayu Zhang, Zhidong Liu, Xuan Wang, Li Li

Novel and environmentally benign flame-retardant plastic films that maintain outstanding physical performance are urgently needed for high-tech fields. Herein, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was innovatively used to pre-swelling dried sugarcane pulp to effectively enhance the immersion of urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, obtaining phosphorylated cellulose with high phosphorus loading. By combining with micro-fluidization, the in-situ stripping of phosphorylated cellulose was achieved, successfully preparing phosphorylated nanocellulose (PNC) with phosphorus content as high as 12.2 wt% and a three-dimensional network, breaking through the problem of low phosphorus content in traditional PNC preparation from sugarcane pulp. PNC was further introduced into PVA film, significantly improving its flame retardancy and mechanical properties, while maintaining good transparency. With 12.5 wt% PNC, the composite film pasted the VTM-0 grade of UL-94, and reach a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.0%. The tensile strength of the composite film also increased from 56.6 MPa of pure PVA film to 70.8 MPa, and the visible light transmittance remained at 81.9%, which was comparable to pure PVA (85.8%). This work overcomes the long-standing trade-off between flame retardancy, transparency and mechanical performance via designing bio-based flame retardants and constructing nanostructures, establishing an innovative paradigm for the development of sustainable high-performance packaging materials for electronic and electrical packaging.

高新技术领域迫切需要新型的、环保的、保持优异物理性能的阻燃塑料薄膜。本文创新性地利用氢氧化钠（NaOH）对甘蔗干浆进行预膨胀，有效增强尿素和磷酸二氢铵的浸渍，得到高磷负荷的磷酸化纤维素。通过结合微流化技术，实现了磷酸化纤维素的原位剥离，成功制备了磷含量高达12.2wt %且具有三维网状结构的磷酸化纳米纤维素（PNC），突破了传统以甘蔗浆为原料制备磷酸化纳米纤维素的低磷问题。PNC进一步加入到PVA膜中，显著提高了PVA膜的阻燃性和力学性能，同时保持了良好的透明性。PNC为12.5 wt%，复合膜贴合了UL-94的VTM-0级，达到了28.0%的极限氧指数（LOI）。复合膜的抗拉强度也从纯PVA膜的56.6 MPa提高到70.8 MPa，可见光透过率保持在81.9%，与纯PVA膜的85.8%相当。本研究通过设计生物基阻燃剂和构建纳米结构，克服了长期存在的阻燃性、透明度和机械性能之间的权衡，为开发可持续的高性能电子和电气封装材料建立了一个创新范例。

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引用次数: 0

Design, fabrication, and characterization of 3D printed continuous fiber composite lattice structures via discrete insert-module assembly 通过离散插入模块组装的3D打印连续纤维复合材料晶格结构的设计、制造和表征

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111549

Cheng Gong , Qingxu Liu , Jian Xiong

3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composite lattices offer compelling advantages for lightweight structures, but current approaches face challenges in manufacture and mechanical characterization. We introduce a discrete insert-module assembly process and a lattice topology tailored to continuous fiber 3D printing. A closed-form theoretical model and a high-fidelity finite element framework are established and validated against quasi-static compression tests. Results show that complex spatial lattices can be fabricated by assembling planar inserts, and that the proposed theory and simulations predict stiffness and strength within ∼10% of experiments. Compared to reported 3D printed composite lattices, the present structures achieve competitive mechanical properties and higher continuous fiber load-bearing efficiency when normalized by continuous fiber volume fraction, indicating effective alignment of continuous fibers with principal load paths. These findings provide both experimental evidence and a predictive toolkit for engineering spatial structures using 3D printed continuous fiber composites.

3D打印连续纤维增强复合材料晶格为轻量化结构提供了令人信服的优势，但目前的方法在制造和力学表征方面面临挑战。我们介绍了一种离散插入模块组装工艺和一种适合连续光纤3D打印的晶格拓扑结构。建立了闭式理论模型和高保真有限元框架，并通过准静态压缩试验进行了验证。结果表明，复杂的空间晶格可以通过组装平面插入来制造，并且所提出的理论和模拟预测的刚度和强度在实验的10%以内。与已有的3D打印复合材料晶格相比，采用连续纤维体积分数归一化后，该结构获得了具有竞争力的力学性能和更高的连续纤维承载效率，表明连续纤维与主载荷路径有效对齐。这些发现为使用3D打印连续纤维复合材料的工程空间结构提供了实验证据和预测工具包。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing transverse mechanical properties of continuous carbon fibre reinforced composites via staggered-layer printing method 交错层列印法提高连续碳纤维增强复合材料横向力学性能

IF 9.8 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2026.111575

Heng Cai , Yuan Chen , Yingpeng He , Jiashu Sheng , Lin Ye

The transverse mechanical performance is known to be usually weak in Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites (CCFRCs) fabricated through Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), impeding their engineering applications. To address this issue, a Staggered-Layer Printing (SLP) method is proposed based on FFF to produce the CCFRCs with enhanced transverse mechanical properties. First, the optimal melt deposition width was determined based on microscopic characterizations. And then, multi-scale models were constructed based on the mesoscopic features of CCFRCs manufactured using both the conventional fabrication method, i.e., Aligned-Layer Printing (ALP) and the proposed SLP method. Finally, the tensile tests and short beam shear tests were performed to obtain the mechanical properties of printed specimens. Experimental validations on 90° specimens were performed, showing that the transverse Young's modulus and tensile strength of the ALP specimens are 3.6 GPa and 22.4 MPa respectively, while those of the SLP specimens are 4.8 GPa and 44.1 MPa respectively. Furthermore, the change of the meso-structure due to the SLP method has enhanced the printed specimens' critical fracture toughness, resulting in a substantial improvement of 97% in the transverse strength of additively manufactured CCFRCs. The main reason is attributed to the stress redistribution that impedes the crack propagation along the weak intra-layer interfaces in SLP specimens. Accordingly, the numerical model was developed to evaluate the critical fracture strength and fracture toughness inside printed filaments in the transverse direction as 73 MPa and 0.6 mJ/mm², respectively. Hence, the specific meso-structure generated from SLP is effective to significantly improve the transverse load-bearing capacity of FFF-printed CCFRCs without compromising their longitudinal properties.

通过熔丝法（FFF）制备的连续碳纤维增强复合材料（CCFRCs）的横向力学性能通常较弱，阻碍了其工程应用。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种基于FFF的交错层印刷（SLP）方法来生产具有增强横向力学性能的CCFRCs。首先，根据微观表征确定了最佳熔体沉积宽度。在此基础上，基于传统的排列层打印（ALP）和SLP方法制备的CCFRCs的介观特征构建了多尺度模型。最后进行了拉伸试验和短梁剪切试验，获得了打印试件的力学性能。对90°试样进行了实验验证，结果表明，ALP试样的横向杨氏模量和抗拉强度分别为3.6 GPa和22.4 MPa， SLP试样的横向杨氏模量和抗拉强度分别为4.8 GPa和44.1 MPa。此外，由于SLP方法导致的细观结构的改变提高了打印样品的临界断裂韧性，导致增材制造的CCFRCs的横向强度大幅提高了97%。其主要原因是应力重分布阻碍了裂纹沿弱层内界面的扩展。据此，建立了打印细丝横向的临界断裂强度和断裂韧性数值模型，分别为73 MPa和0.6 mJ/mm2。因此，SLP产生的特定细观结构可以有效地显著提高fff打印的CCFRCs的横向承载能力，而不会影响其纵向性能。

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