Composites Science and Technology最新文献_第4页

Investigating the role of fibre-matrix interfacial degradation on the ageing process of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer under hydrothermal conditions 研究水热条件下纤维-基质界面降解对碳纤维增强聚合物老化过程的作用

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110922

Wanrui Zhang , Jianchao Zou , Meiyu Liu , Zhibin Han , Yifeng Xiong , Biao Liang , Ning Hu , Weizhao Zhang

The aqueous environment can deteriorate the fibre-matrix interface of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP), significantly impairing the non-fibre-dominated mechanical properties. Thus, this study aimed to quantitatively analyse the impact of interfacial degradation on the hydrothermal ageing mechanism and process of the CFRP. Firstly, entire water absorption process of the CFRP under hydrothermal conditions was divided into three stages according to experimental measurement of its water content. Based on this division of stages, a novel water diffusion model was established for the hydrothermally aged CFRP. To measure the mechanical degradation, tensile tests were conducted on unaged, aged, and redried neat epoxy and transversely positioned unidirectional (UD) CFRP specimens. It was found that the transverse tensile strength degradation of UD CFRP was irreversible due to the permanent interfacial debonding between the fibres and matrix, in contrast to the reversible ageing of the epoxy matrix. To further quantify the fibre-matrix interfacial ageing, physically-based models were established for the degraded interfacial strength of CFRP subjected to hydrothermal conditions. After the characterization of the modelling coefficients, the physically-based models can be employed to predict interfacial strength inside the aged CFRP for various ageing durations. The prediction error was only 4.57 % for the transverse tensile strength of degraded UD CFRP with various ageing durations from the representative volume element (RVE) simulation with its interfacial strength provided by the physically-based models, validating the effectiveness of the proposed physically-based models for degraded fibre-matrix interface under various ageing conditions.

水环境会恶化碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）的纤维-基质界面，严重损害非纤维主导的机械性能。因此，本研究旨在定量分析界面降解对碳纤维增强聚合物水热老化机制和过程的影响。首先，根据水热条件下 CFRP 含水量的实验测量结果，将其整个吸水过程分为三个阶段。在此基础上，建立了水热老化 CFRP 的新型水扩散模型。为了测量机械降解，对未老化、老化和再干燥的纯环氧树脂以及横向定位的单向（UD）CFRP 试样进行了拉伸试验。结果发现，与环氧树脂基体的可逆老化相反，UD CFRP 的横向拉伸强度退化是不可逆的，原因是纤维与基体之间存在永久性界面脱粘。为了进一步量化纤维与基体之间的界面老化，我们建立了基于物理的模型，用于分析在水热条件下 CFRP 的界面强度退化情况。在确定建模系数的特征后，基于物理的模型可用于预测不同老化持续时间下老化 CFRP 内部的界面强度。根据基于物理的模型提供的界面强度，对不同老化持续时间的降解 UD CFRP 的横向拉伸强度进行的代表体积元素（RVE）模拟预测误差仅为 4.57%，验证了所提出的基于物理的模型在不同老化条件下降解纤维-基质界面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Polymer composite cladding for selective frequency filtration: An experimental and modeling study 用于选择性频率过滤的聚合物复合包层：实验和建模研究

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110929

Noam Lusthaus , Sara Raichlin , Roey Nadiv , Oren Regev

Laser selective frequency filtering is currently performed using expensive, heavy, and bulky (millimeters in thickness) ceramic composite claddings around the laser rod, which limits the miniaturization and transportability of the laser. The cladding absorbs undesired spontaneous emissions and reflects the desired wavelength of the "pump" diode. As an improved alternative for the cladding on, say, a diode-pumped solid-state Nd:YAG laser rod, we investigate a spray-coated polymer composite cladding (micrometers in thickness). The polymer composite cladding is easier to process and lighter and has a much smaller volume vs. traditional ceramic composite claddings. The approach is demonstrated on spray-coated glass slides, where cubic samaria (Sm₂O₃) particles are used as the filler in the polymer composite cladding. The rationale for using samaria as the filler in the composite is its absorption near the laser spontaneous emission wavelength (i.e., 1064 nm) and high reflectivity at the incident pump wavelength (i.e., 808 nm). The addition of a second polymer composite layer loaded with alumina particles enables reduction of the samaria composite layer thickness. The Kubelka-Munk model is shown to successfully predict the experimentally measured optical performance of single and bilayer claddings, making it a reliable design tool for multilayer claddings.

目前，激光选择性频率滤波是在激光棒周围使用昂贵、沉重和笨重（厚度为毫米）的陶瓷复合包层来实现的，这限制了激光的小型化和可运输性。包层会吸收不需要的自发辐射，并反射 "泵浦 "二极管所需的波长。作为二极管泵浦固态 Nd:YAG 激光棒包层的改进替代品，我们研究了一种喷涂聚合物复合包层（厚度为微米）。与传统的陶瓷复合包层相比，聚合物复合包层更易于加工，重量更轻，体积更小。我们在喷涂玻璃玻片上演示了这种方法，在聚合物复合材料包层中使用立方硅藻土（Sm2O3）颗粒作为填料。在复合材料中使用翅果作为填料的理由是，它在激光自发辐射波长（即 1064 纳米）附近具有吸收性，在入射泵浦波长（即 808 纳米）处具有高反射率。在第二层聚合物复合层中加入氧化铝颗粒，可以减少翅膜复合层的厚度。结果表明，Kubelka-Munk 模型能成功预测单层和双层覆层材料的实验测量光学性能，使其成为多层覆层材料的可靠设计工具。

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引用次数: 0

Vascular bundle-structured polymeric composites with fire-safe, self-detecting and heat warning capabilities for power batteries thermal management 血管束结构聚合物复合材料具有防火、自我检测和热预警功能，可用于动力电池热管理

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110921

Xinyan An , Nvfan Tang , Yilin Liu , Shiqiang Song , Chaoyue Chen , Guohao Han , Weizhen Li , Yong Zhang

The trend of miniaturization and integration poses challenges to the thermal management of electronic devices, requiring high thermal conductivity and potential fire safety, etc. In this study, inspired by plant vascular structure, we developed a polymer composite with a vertical vascular bundle structure via a sacrificial template method and subsequent assembly of transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXene) nanosheets and phytic acid (PA) coordinated cobalt ions (Co²⁺) complex. The embedded MXene and PA@Co exhibit multilayer multiscale structural features, forming heat transfer channels and protective cells within the composite. The resultant composites possess high out-of-plane thermal conductivity (∼1.54 W‧m⁻¹‧k⁻¹) and excellent flame retardancy, including self-extinguishing, and significantly reduced heat and smoke release. Interestingly, the MXene vascular bundle structure imparts heat early warning capabilities and intelligent damage self-detection, suggesting an effective means of preventing early-stage fires and real-time monitoring of composite structural and functional integrity. Such biomimetic strategies enable new insights into the designing of multifunctional, intelligent polymer composites.

微型化和集成化的趋势对电子设备的热管理提出了挑战，需要高导热性和潜在的防火安全等。本研究受植物维管束结构的启发，通过牺牲模板法和过渡金属碳化物/氮化物（MXene）纳米片与植酸（PA）配位钴离子（Co2+）复合物的后续组装，开发了一种具有垂直维管束结构的聚合物复合材料。嵌入的 MXene 和 PA@Co 显示出多层多尺度结构特征，在复合材料内部形成传热通道和保护单元。由此产生的复合材料具有较高的面外热导率（∼1.54 W‧m-1‧k-1）和优异的阻燃性能，包括自熄灭和显著减少热量和烟雾释放。有趣的是，MXene 维管束结构具有热预警功能和智能损伤自检测功能，这表明它是预防早期火灾和实时监测复合材料结构和功能完整性的有效手段。这种生物仿生策略为设计多功能智能聚合物复合材料提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Breaking mechanical performance trade-off in 3D-printed complex lattice-inspired multi-cell tubes under axial compression 打破三维打印复杂晶格启发多孔管在轴向压缩下的机械性能权衡

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110920

Yulong He , Yanjiao He , Jiapeng Sun , Xin Li , Ming-Hui Lu , Yan-Feng Chen

It is a long-standing challenge to balance the structural load capacity and toughness in the design of lightweight multi-cell tubes. To tackle this challenge, we provide two kinds of complex lattice-inspired composite multi-cell tubes. The composite multi-cell tubes consist of inner polylactic acid (PLA) complex lattice-inspired multi-cell tubes and outside aluminum tubes. The energy absorption capacity of these multi-cell tubes was evaluated under quasi-static axial compression. The effect of cross-sectional topology and thermal exposure were considered in the experiment. The results show that the integration of PLA tubes within aluminum tubes significantly enhances their energy absorption performance, effectively addressing the limitations posed by the low fracture strain of PLA. The synergistic effect between the aluminum and PLA tubes mitigates the fracture instability and distributes the load more evenly, resulting in improved specific energy absorption (SEA) and mean crushing force (MCF) up to 103.32 % and 184.38 %, respectively. In these composite tubes, a global self-similar layout can markedly enhance its energy absorption. However, their mechanical properties decrease significantly at 323K compared to room temperature. In contrast, local self-similar composite multi-cell tubes exhibited relatively less reduction in mean crushing force due to the weaker synergistic effects. Overall, this research provides a novel approach to enhancing the mechanical performance of PLA tubes, paving the way for their application in engineering fields requiring lightweight and high-strength structures.

在轻质多孔管的设计中，如何平衡结构承载能力和韧性是一项长期挑战。为解决这一难题，我们提供了两种复杂晶格启发的复合多孔管。复合多孔管由内部的聚乳酸（PLA）复杂晶格启发多孔管和外部的铝管组成。在准静态轴向压缩条件下，对这些多孔管的能量吸收能力进行了评估。实验中考虑了横截面拓扑结构和热暴露的影响。结果表明，将聚乳酸管集成到铝管中能显著提高其能量吸收性能，有效解决了聚乳酸断裂应变低所带来的限制。铝管和聚乳酸管之间的协同效应减轻了断裂的不稳定性，并使载荷分布更均匀，从而使比能量吸收（SEA）和平均压碎力（MCF）分别提高了 103.32% 和 184.38%。在这些复合管中，全局自相似布局可显著提高其能量吸收能力。然而，与室温相比，它们在 323K 时的机械性能明显下降。相比之下，局部自相似复合多孔管由于协同效应较弱，平均压碎力的降低幅度相对较小。总之，这项研究为提高聚乳酸管的机械性能提供了一种新方法，为其在要求轻质高强度结构的工程领域的应用铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

In situ analysis of three-dimensional microcrack propagation in cross-ply laminates using synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography 利用同步辐射 X 射线计算机断层扫描对横向层压板中三维微裂缝扩展进行现场分析

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110918

Kosuke Takahashi , Ryuto Higashiyama , Gaoge Xue , Takashi Nakamura

This study utilized synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography to investigate the initiation and propagation of microcracks in cross-ply carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates under mechanical loading. Initially, static tensile loads were applied to detect microcracks within a ply thickness of 160 μm. The crack propagation was subsequently characterized, extending across adjacent carbon fibers and along the interfaces of individual fibers into the material's interior. The experiment was repeated with cyclic loading, where the laminates were imaged periodically. Analysis of the images revealed the presence of microcracks and provided insights into their progression from the point of initiation. Notably, microcracks exhibited the initiation toward the interior of the material rather than across the neighboring carbon fibers, whereas their propagation is more significant across the adjacent carbon fibers particularly under the static loading. Under cyclic loading, however, the crack propagation toward the interior of the material was more pronounced, implying different propagation behavior than when under static loading. These findings were also validated through the distribution of energy release rate and stress triaxiality along the crack tip calculated by finite element analysis.

本研究利用同步辐射 X 射线计算机断层扫描技术研究了在机械加载条件下，交叉层碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）层压板中微裂纹的产生和扩展。首先施加静态拉伸载荷，以检测层厚 160 μm 范围内的微裂缝。随后对裂纹的扩展进行了表征，裂纹穿过相邻的碳纤维，并沿着单根纤维的界面延伸到材料内部。实验在循环加载的情况下重复进行，对层压板进行定期成像。对图像的分析揭示了微裂纹的存在，并深入了解了微裂纹从起始点开始的发展过程。值得注意的是，微裂纹的起始点在材料内部而不是相邻的碳纤维上，而在相邻碳纤维上的扩展则更为明显，尤其是在静态加载情况下。然而，在循环加载情况下，裂纹向材料内部扩展的现象更为明显，这意味着裂纹的扩展行为与静态加载时不同。通过有限元分析计算的沿裂纹尖端的能量释放率和应力三轴分布也验证了这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Rate-dependent mechanical and self-monitoring behaviors of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber composites 三维打印连续碳纤维复合材料随速率变化的机械和自我监测行为

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110914

Lanting Liu , Yinggang Miao , Qiong Deng , Xiaobin Hu , Yu Zhang , Ruifeng Wang , Yongshuai Wang , Mengjia Su , Yiu-Wing Mai

3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites offer great advantages in structural health monitoring (SHM) owing to their flexibility in complex structure fabrication. Considering the many prospective aerospace applications, tensile experiments were designed to study their mechanical and self-sensing behaviors under a wide range of strain rates. The turning points in the resistance vs strain curves reveal the damage evolution of the specimens and divide the deformations into linear straining and damage evolution regions. Fiber elongation and fiber contact reduction dominate the resistance increase in the linear straining region and the resistance curve behaves linearly. But fiber breakage is the predominant factor in the damage evolution region, yielding a concave resistance curve. Strength, fracture strain, and resistance variation are found to display significant strain rate dependencies that increase with increasing strain rate. Numerous microcracks are formed and evolved into secondary cracks under dynamic loading. This process absorbs more strain energy and produces more carbon fiber breaks, sustaining a higher fracture strain and resistance variations. A model is developed to describe the strain- and strain rate-dependent resistance behaviors, and the predicted results agree well with experimental data. The outcomes of this work contribute to the application of 3D printed continuous CFRP composites in SHM.

三维打印连续碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料因其在复杂结构制造中的灵活性，在结构健康监测（SHM）方面具有巨大优势。考虑到其在航空航天领域的广泛应用前景，我们设计了拉伸实验来研究其在各种应变速率下的机械和自感应行为。电阻与应变曲线的转折点揭示了试样的损伤演变，并将变形分为线性应变和损伤演变区域。在线性应变区域，纤维伸长和纤维接触减少是电阻增加的主要原因，电阻曲线也呈线性变化。但在损伤演化区域，纤维断裂是主要因素，从而产生一条凹形阻力曲线。研究发现，强度、断裂应变和阻力变化与应变速率有显著的相关性，并随着应变速率的增加而增加。在动态加载条件下，大量微裂纹形成并演变为二次裂纹。这一过程吸收了更多的应变能，产生了更多的碳纤维断裂，维持了更高的断裂应变和阻力变化。我们建立了一个模型来描述与应变和应变率相关的电阻行为，预测结果与实验数据十分吻合。这项工作的成果有助于三维打印连续 CFRP 复合材料在 SHM 中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrathin, flexible, and high-performance bacterial cellulose/copper nanowires film for broadband electromagnetic interference shielding and photothermal conversion 用于宽带电磁干扰屏蔽和光热转换的超薄、柔韧、高性能细菌纤维素/铜纳米线薄膜

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110919

Dan Guo , Bochong Wang , Jianyong Xiang , Anmin Nie , Kun Zhai , Tianyu Xue , Fusheng Wen , Yingchun Cheng , Congpu Mu

The swift advancements in wearable electronics, implantable medical devices, fifth-generation mobile communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, and military stealth technology have led to a surge in demand for highly flexible multifunctional films. Consequently, the enhancement of electromagnetic radiation and the requirement for normal operation in extreme environments have posed significant challenges for flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films. In this paper, ultra-thin, flexible bacterial cellulose (BC)/copper nanowires (CuNWs) (BCu) films with Janus structure are prepared by the combination of microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and vacuum filtration method, which can be used for broadband EMI shielding and photothermal conversion. BCu films demonstrate exceptional mechanical properties, boasting a tensile strength range from 48.5 to 77.3 MPa, accompanied fracture strain 4.1–5.9 %. When CuNWs mass in Janus film increases to 10 mg, the conductivity of BCu-4 Janus films can reach 4761.90 S cm⁻¹. The ultra-strong EMI shielding effectiveness (SE, above 56.00 dB) is achieved in 6–26.5 GHz for BCu-4 film with an ultra-thin thickness (16 μm). Moreover, the specific EMI SE of BCu-4 is as high as 4294.38 dB mm⁻¹. Furthermore, BCu Janus films exhibit outstanding photothermal conversion performance. A saturation temperature of BCu-4 Janus film reaches as high as 75 °C under irradiation of one sunlight (100 mW cm⁻²). The facile and collaborative strategy is provided for fabricating ultra-thin, flexible multifunctional Janus films with EMI shielding and photothermal conversion capabilities, addressing EMI problems in modern electronic technology and offering new avenues for applications in various fields.

可穿戴电子设备、植入式医疗设备、第五代移动通信、无人驾驶飞行器和军事隐形技术的迅速发展，导致对高柔性多功能薄膜的需求激增。因此，电磁辐射的增强和在极端环境下正常工作的要求对柔性电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽薄膜提出了重大挑战。本文采用微波辅助水热合成法和真空过滤法相结合的方法，制备了具有 Janus 结构的超薄柔性细菌纤维素（BC）/铜纳米线（CuNWs）（BCu）薄膜，可用于宽带电磁干扰屏蔽和光热转换。BCu 薄膜具有优异的机械性能，拉伸强度范围为 48.5 至 77.3 兆帕，断裂应变为 4.1 至 5.9%。当 Janus 薄膜中的 CuNWs 质量增加到 10 mg 时，BCu-4 Janus 薄膜的电导率可达 4761.90 S cm-1。厚度超薄（16 μm）的 BCu-4 薄膜在 6-26.5 GHz 频率范围内实现了超强的电磁干扰屏蔽效果（SE，高于 56.00 dB）。此外，BCu-4 的特定 EMI SE 高达 4294.38 dB mm-1。此外，BCu Janus 薄膜还具有出色的光热转换性能。在一束阳光（100 mW cm-2）照射下，BCu-4 Janus 薄膜的饱和温度高达 75 °C。该研究提供了一种简便的协作策略，用于制造具有电磁干扰屏蔽和光热转换功能的超薄、柔性多功能 Janus 薄膜，从而解决了现代电子技术中的电磁干扰问题，并为其在各个领域的应用提供了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale study of interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphthalazine ether sulfone ketone resin matrix composites 碳纤维增强聚酞嗪醚砜酮树脂基复合材料界面性能的多尺度研究

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110906

Zhenyu Qian , Tianqi Zhu , Xingyao Liu , Xinyu Fan , Zhongwei Yan , Xigao Jian , Jian Xu

In view of the limitations of traditional research tools on interfacial failure mechanisms in fiber/PPESK composites, this work proposes a multiscale research tool to carry out an in-depth study of the interfacial behavior between fibers and matrix. Based on microdroplet debonding tests, at the mesoscopic scale, the influence of residual thermal stress on the interface damage mode is explored through finite element (FEM) simulations. The evolution mechanism of composite material interfaces in spatial and temporal dimensions is examined based on changes in interfacial stress distribution, energy dissipation, and damage morphology during the debonding process, which can be summarized as follows: accompanied by elastic-plastic deformation and friction effects, the progressive process from localized to complete failure presents a dominant Type II damage mode at the interface. To further explore the interface failure mechanism at the molecular level, an interface model of CF/PPESK composite materials was established using molecular dynamics (MD) method. By monitoring the atom movement trend, the “fiber-matrix displacement synergistic effect" in the interfacial shear damage process was revealed, thereby establishing a multiscale mapping relationship of composite material interface. Based on this, the combination of FEM and MD was utilized to investigate the interface damage process of composite materials under different service conditions and to reasonably predict the initiation and expansion of microcracks. This study provides a pioneering perspective on interface damage research in composite materials with a “top-down” multiscale approach.

鉴于纤维/PPESK 复合材料界面破坏机制的传统研究工具存在局限性，本研究提出了一种多尺度研究工具，用于深入研究纤维与基体之间的界面行为。基于微滴脱粘试验，在中观尺度上，通过有限元（FEM）模拟探讨了残余热应力对界面破坏模式的影响。根据剥离过程中界面应力分布、能量耗散和损伤形态的变化，研究了复合材料界面在空间和时间维度上的演变机理，可归纳如下：伴随着弹塑性变形和摩擦效应，从局部到完全破坏的渐进过程在界面上呈现出占主导地位的第二类损伤模式。为了进一步从分子水平探讨界面破坏机理，我们采用分子动力学（MD）方法建立了 CF/PPESK 复合材料的界面模型。通过监测原子运动趋势，揭示了界面剪切破坏过程中的 "纤维-基体位移协同效应"，从而建立了复合材料界面的多尺度映射关系。在此基础上，结合有限元和 MD，研究了复合材料在不同服役条件下的界面损伤过程，合理预测了微裂纹的产生和扩展。该研究开创性地采用 "自上而下 "的多尺度方法研究复合材料的界面损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical investigations on the tensile response of pin-loaded carbon fibre reinforced polymer straps 针加载碳纤维增强聚合物带拉伸响应的实验和数值研究

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110915

Danijela Stankovic , James R. Davidson , Valentin Ott , Luke A. Bisby , Giovanni P. Terrasi

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) pin-loaded looped straps are increasingly being used in a range of structural load-bearing applications, notably for bridge hanger cables in network arch rail and highway bridges. The static performance of such CFRP straps is investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. Finite element (FE) models based on both one-eighth and half pin-strap assembly geometries were modelled. The resulting strains, stresses, and applied loads were compared against experimental data obtained using Digital Image Correlation, Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing (DFOS), and Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensing. The FE models effectively captured local strain distributions around the vertex area, close to the pin ends of the straps, as well as in the mid-shaft region, and aligned reasonably with experimental observations. The half FE model accurately predicted the overall strain distribution when compared to DFOS data; however, higher strain magnitudes (by 0.45–10.2 %) and larger strain reductions were observed in some locations. Regarding failure loads, the FE models agreed well with Schürmann's analytical solution and the maximum stress criterion, exhibiting less than 2.5 % deviations from the experimental data. Furthermore, the predicted onset of strap failure (by delamination) in the half model agreed with experimental values, with a maximum variance of 9.2 %.

碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）销轴加载环形带越来越多地应用于各种结构承重领域，特别是网拱铁路和公路桥梁中的桥梁吊索。我们通过实验和数值分析研究了这种 CFRP 带的静态性能。有限元（FE）模型基于八分之一和半销带装配几何形状。得出的应变、应力和外加载荷与使用数字图像相关性、分布式光纤传感（DFOS）和光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感获得的实验数据进行了比较。有限元模型有效地捕捉到了顶点区域周围、靠近带销两端以及中轴区域的局部应变分布，并与实验观测结果进行了合理的比对。与 DFOS 数据相比，半有限元模型准确预测了整体应变分布；然而，在某些位置观察到了更高的应变幅度（0.45-10.2 %）和更大的应变减小。在破坏载荷方面，有限元模型与 Schürmann 的分析解决方案和最大应力准则非常吻合，与实验数据的偏差小于 2.5%。此外，半模型中预测的表带失效起始点（分层）与实验值一致，最大偏差为 9.2%。

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引用次数: 0

Composite Janus film based on the synergistic interactions of π-π stacking and dynamic covalent bond toward direction recognition sensing 基于π-π堆叠和动态共价键协同作用的复合 Janus 膜，可实现方向识别传感

IF 8.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110913

Yang Bai, Guoliang Yang, Zhong Jing, Boyuan Zhang, Xinrui Li, Guiqiang Fei

Although flexible strain sensors have made important advancements recently, most of them are unable to recognize the direction of motion, which greatly limits their application in fields such as human-machine interaction. This paper presents the fabrication of a bilayer asymmetric composite film that exhibits Janus dual-sided characteristics and interfacial properties. Specifically, the two sides possess different chemical compositions and surface features. The strong π-π stacking interaction between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and pyrene enables a tight coating on the surface of poly(glycidyl propyl urethane) (PGPU), resulting in excellent sensing capabilities and electromagnetic shielding properties for the composite material. This composite film can effectively monitor the amplitude and direction of motion. Firstly, pyrene-grafted polyurethane (PGPU) was synthesized including on dynamic covalent bonds. The tensile strength of different samples can reach up to 19.69 MPa, and the strain at break is up to 501.95 %. Furthermore, PGPU/CNTs conductive composite films were fabricated by spray-coating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto PGPU, and the pyrene units in PGPU can effectively interact with CNTs via π-π stacking, ensuring that stable adhesion of CNTs layer during long-term usage. Due to the dynamic covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds inside PGPU, PGPU and PGPU/CNTs both exhibit well-performed self-healing capability. Notably, the Janus structure of PGPU/CNTs can adjust the positive and negative values of relative resistance based on stretchable and compressive status of CNTs layer. Thus, PGPU/CNTs are directionally sensitive and self-healing flexible wearable sensor, which might apply in human-machine interaction field.

尽管柔性应变传感器近年来取得了重要进展，但它们大多无法识别运动方向，这极大地限制了它们在人机交互等领域的应用。本文介绍了一种双层非对称复合薄膜的制备方法，该薄膜具有杰纳斯双面特性和界面性能。具体来说，双面具有不同的化学成分和表面特征。碳纳米管（CNTs）与芘之间强烈的π-π堆叠作用使其能够紧密包覆在聚缩水甘油丙基聚氨酯（PGPU）表面，从而使复合材料具有出色的传感能力和电磁屏蔽性能。这种复合薄膜可以有效监测运动的振幅和方向。首先，利用动态共价键合成了芘接枝聚氨酯（PGPU）。不同样品的拉伸强度可达 19.69 兆帕，断裂应变高达 501.95 %。此外，通过在 PGPU 上喷涂碳纳米管 (CNT)，制备出了 PGPU/CNTs 导电复合膜，PGPU 中的芘单元可通过 π-π 堆叠与 CNTs 有效作用，确保 CNTs 层在长期使用过程中的稳定粘附。由于 PGPU 内部存在动态共价键和氢键，因此 PGPU 和 PGPU/CNTs 都具有良好的自愈能力。值得注意的是，PGPU/CNTs 的 Janus 结构可根据 CNTs 层的拉伸和压缩状态调整相对电阻的正负值。因此，PGPU/CNT 是一种具有方向敏感性和自愈性的柔性可穿戴传感器，可应用于人机交互领域。

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