Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111422
Ru Wang, Huanyu Xu, Guiyu Chu, Zhuguang Nie, Yanmeng Peng, Zhiyue Zhao, Fengjiao Jiang, Mingyu Jiang, Shuhua Qi, Rumin Wang
Polymer-based aerogels are the primary choice for many researchers developing multifunctional materials with excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation capabilities. Based on the dielectric/magnetic synergistic loss mechanism, a structure-function integrated strategy was employed to construct CoFe2O4/carbon nanofibers/polyimide (CoFe2O4/CNFs/PI) composite aerogels with multidimensional heterogeneous structures. The composite aerogels were assembled from CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, CNFs, and polyamic acid salt molecular chains by directional freeze-drying. The three-dimensional conductive skeleton of CNFs/PI aerogel provided conduction loss, interface polarization, dipole polarization, and multiple reflection and scattering of EMW, which synergized with the magnetic loss provided by the magnetic filler CoFe2O4 to produce powerful attenuation capabilities. By adjusting the CoFe2O4 content to optimize impedance matching, CoFe2O4/CNFs/PI-2 aerogel exhibited outstanding EMW absorption performance with a minimal reflection loss of −65.5 dB. At a low thickness of 2.17 mm, the maximal effective absorption bandwidth reached 6.08 GHz, successfully covering the entire Ku band and part of the X band. Furthermore, the oriented porous structure of composite aerogels endowed them with lightweight (density of 0.085 g/cm3), superior anisotropic mechanical response, and excellent thermal insulation performance. These properties provide a solid foundation for electromagnetic protection in complex environments and aerospace applications.
{"title":"Rigid and lightweight CoFe2O4/carbon nanofibers/polyimide composite aerogel with anisotropic structure for efficient microwave absorption and thermal insulation","authors":"Ru Wang, Huanyu Xu, Guiyu Chu, Zhuguang Nie, Yanmeng Peng, Zhiyue Zhao, Fengjiao Jiang, Mingyu Jiang, Shuhua Qi, Rumin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer-based aerogels are the primary choice for many researchers developing multifunctional materials with excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation capabilities. Based on the dielectric/magnetic synergistic loss mechanism, a structure-function integrated strategy was employed to construct CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/carbon nanofibers/polyimide (CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CNFs/PI) composite aerogels with multidimensional heterogeneous structures. The composite aerogels were assembled from CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles, CNFs, and polyamic acid salt molecular chains by directional freeze-drying. The three-dimensional conductive skeleton of CNFs/PI aerogel provided conduction loss, interface polarization, dipole polarization, and multiple reflection and scattering of EMW, which synergized with the magnetic loss provided by the magnetic filler CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to produce powerful attenuation capabilities. By adjusting the CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> content to optimize impedance matching, CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CNFs/PI-2 aerogel exhibited outstanding EMW absorption performance with a minimal reflection loss of −65.5 dB. At a low thickness of 2.17 mm, the maximal effective absorption bandwidth reached 6.08 GHz, successfully covering the entire Ku band and part of the X band. Furthermore, the oriented porous structure of composite aerogels endowed them with lightweight (density of 0.085 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), superior anisotropic mechanical response, and excellent thermal insulation performance. These properties provide a solid foundation for electromagnetic protection in complex environments and aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111422"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111417
Yinzhou Guo , Yuanyuan Chen , Chenhui Cui , Xiaoqing Ming , Qiang Zhang , Jiao Jiao , Yilong Cheng , Zhishen Ge , Yanfeng Zhang
Phase-change materials (PCM) provide large latent heat but often suffer melting-induced leakage and poor processability. Organic phase-change materials such as polyethylene glycol are attractive for energy storage, yet they lose shape and leak after melting. We introduce a solid - gel change strategy that confines molten polyethylene glycol with an ultralow-loading aramid nanofiber and MXene network. High-aspect-ratio aramid nanofibers at 1 wt% form hydrogen bonds with two-dimensional MXene at 2 wt%. The resulting crosslinked skeleton transforms the phase-change material into a shear-thinning gel above about 65 °C. This design retains high energy density with polyethylene glycol loading of 97 wt% and a latent heat of about 158.4 J g−1. Liquid leakage is reduced to around 1.8 wt%. Thermal conductivity increases by nearly five times compared with pure polyethylene glycol. The composite shows high-temperature shape stability, suppressed burning-drip behavior, efficient photothermal conversion, and reversible self-healing and reprocessing. The gel state also enables direct-write printing of customized geometries. Minimal additive content preserves latent heat while adding multifunctionality. This solid - gel change approach reconciles high energy density, thermal transport, safety, and manufacturability for next-generation thermal management.
{"title":"Printable solid-gel change composite materials with high latent heat, enhanced shape stability and combustion safety for efficient thermal management","authors":"Yinzhou Guo , Yuanyuan Chen , Chenhui Cui , Xiaoqing Ming , Qiang Zhang , Jiao Jiao , Yilong Cheng , Zhishen Ge , Yanfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase-change materials (PCM) provide large latent heat but often suffer melting-induced leakage and poor processability. Organic phase-change materials such as polyethylene glycol are attractive for energy storage, yet they lose shape and leak after melting. We introduce a solid - gel change strategy that confines molten polyethylene glycol with an ultralow-loading aramid nanofiber and MXene network. High-aspect-ratio aramid nanofibers at 1 wt% form hydrogen bonds with two-dimensional MXene at 2 wt%. The resulting crosslinked skeleton transforms the phase-change material into a shear-thinning gel above about 65 °C. This design retains high energy density with polyethylene glycol loading of 97 wt% and a latent heat of about 158.4 J g<sup>−1</sup>. Liquid leakage is reduced to around 1.8 wt%. Thermal conductivity increases by nearly five times compared with pure polyethylene glycol. The composite shows high-temperature shape stability, suppressed burning-drip behavior, efficient photothermal conversion, and reversible self-healing and reprocessing. The gel state also enables direct-write printing of customized geometries. Minimal additive content preserves latent heat while adding multifunctionality. This solid - gel change approach reconciles high energy density, thermal transport, safety, and manufacturability for next-generation thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111417"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111419
Wenxin Zhang , Jin Zhou , Di Zhang , Jiangwei Qi , Xiaochuan Liu , Jizhen Wang , Yugang Duan , Zhongwei Guan , Wesley J. Cantwell
This study investigates the effect of bi-axial preloading (tension and compression) on the low velocity impact behaviour of GLARE (GLAss REinforced laminate) through both experimental testing and numerical simulations. In this study, a bi-axial preloading apparatus has been integrated into a conventional drop-weight impact system, coupled with high-speed three-dimensional digital image correlation, to quantify the full-field deformation profile of the plate. The experimental results demonstrate that tensile preloading enhances the stiffness of the laminate as well as the maximum impact load, but reduces the out-of-plane displacement, the impact duration and the overall level of energy absorption. In contrast, compressive preloading results in effects that run counter to those mentioned above. A finite element model involving a user-defined subroutine VUMAT has been developed, which successfully reproduced the failure modes in the preloaded panels. Discrepancies between the experimental and numerical predictions were within 13 %. The numerical analysis revealed that preloading modifies the damage modes within the laminates, wherein tensile pre-loading reduces delamination, but increases the level of fibre and matrix damage. In contrast, under 7.5 J impact energy, compressive preloading induces a more complex response, i.e. Al-GF debonding is reduced, whereas GF-GF delamination is enhanced. The net effect is dominated by the debonding reduction, resulting in an overall decrease in total delamination. Further, preloading leads to a redistribution of the in-plane stresses, thereby influencing the ability of the FMLs to absorb and dissipate impact energy, it also changes the impact response and damage characteristics of the GLARE laminates. It is believed that the current study provides an insight into the impact response of pre-stressed hybrid materials.
{"title":"An experimental and numerical investigation into the low velocity impact response of GLARE subjected to bi-axial preloading","authors":"Wenxin Zhang , Jin Zhou , Di Zhang , Jiangwei Qi , Xiaochuan Liu , Jizhen Wang , Yugang Duan , Zhongwei Guan , Wesley J. Cantwell","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of bi-axial preloading (tension and compression) on the low velocity impact behaviour of GLARE (GLAss REinforced laminate) through both experimental testing and numerical simulations. In this study, a bi-axial preloading apparatus has been integrated into a conventional drop-weight impact system, coupled with high-speed three-dimensional digital image correlation, to quantify the full-field deformation profile of the plate. The experimental results demonstrate that tensile preloading enhances the stiffness of the laminate as well as the maximum impact load, but reduces the out-of-plane displacement, the impact duration and the overall level of energy absorption. In contrast, compressive preloading results in effects that run counter to those mentioned above. A finite element model involving a user-defined subroutine VUMAT has been developed, which successfully reproduced the failure modes in the preloaded panels. Discrepancies between the experimental and numerical predictions were within 13 %. The numerical analysis revealed that preloading modifies the damage modes within the laminates, wherein tensile pre-loading reduces delamination, but increases the level of fibre and matrix damage. In contrast, under 7.5 J impact energy, compressive preloading induces a more complex response, i.e. Al-GF debonding is reduced, whereas GF-GF delamination is enhanced. The net effect is dominated by the debonding reduction, resulting in an overall decrease in total delamination. Further, preloading leads to a redistribution of the in-plane stresses, thereby influencing the ability of the FMLs to absorb and dissipate impact energy, it also changes the impact response and damage characteristics of the GLARE laminates. It is believed that the current study provides an insight into the impact response of pre-stressed hybrid materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111419"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111418
Changrong Dong , Ying Deng , Yonglin Chen , Yinbo Zhao , Qinpei Zhao , Weidong Yang , Jie Zhi , Yan Li
Accurate prediction of cure-induced distortion (CID) is critical for quality control of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Despite recent advancements in composites manufacturing design using machine learning, CID prediction involving complex multi-physics phenomena has remained challenging, partly due to the requirement of large, high-quality training datasets for model development. In this work, we propose a mechanics-guided transfer learning framework to enable accurate and data-efficient prediction of CID in laminates across diverse lay-up configurations. A stiffness-matrix-informed multiple granularity network (S-MGN) model is developed to characterize the complex interactions between CID and lay-up information. The model leverages laminate stiffness to provide mechanistic insights into CID formation during the curing process. A carefully curated dataset of four-ply laminates with different stacking sequences was selected for training the S-MGN model. Subsequently, transfer learning was applied to predict the CID of seven-ply laminates through fine-tuning of the pre-trained model, followed by tests on eight-ply and 16-ply laminates without additional training. The results indicate that the proposed approach achieves competitive performance with limited datasets, allowing for rapid, accurate, data-efficient and robust predictions. It outperforms the benchmark convolutional neural network (CNN) model, a conventional deep neural network trained on stacking sequence inputs. Furthermore, the model identifies the underlying physics of CID using interpretable predictors, enabling it to transfer learned features across different laminates and achieve superior generalization. With its demonstrated effectiveness, the proposed artificial intelligence approach offers considerable potential for enhancing composite manufacturing optimization.
{"title":"Data-efficient prediction of cure-induced distortion in composite laminates using a mechanics-guided transfer learning approach","authors":"Changrong Dong , Ying Deng , Yonglin Chen , Yinbo Zhao , Qinpei Zhao , Weidong Yang , Jie Zhi , Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of cure-induced distortion (CID) is critical for quality control of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Despite recent advancements in composites manufacturing design using machine learning, CID prediction involving complex multi-physics phenomena has remained challenging, partly due to the requirement of large, high-quality training datasets for model development. In this work, we propose a mechanics-guided transfer learning framework to enable accurate and data-efficient prediction of CID in laminates across diverse lay-up configurations. A stiffness-matrix-informed multiple granularity network (S-MGN) model is developed to characterize the complex interactions between CID and lay-up information. The model leverages laminate stiffness to provide mechanistic insights into CID formation during the curing process. A carefully curated dataset of four-ply laminates with different stacking sequences was selected for training the S-MGN model. Subsequently, transfer learning was applied to predict the CID of seven-ply laminates through fine-tuning of the pre-trained model, followed by tests on eight-ply and 16-ply laminates without additional training. The results indicate that the proposed approach achieves competitive performance with limited datasets, allowing for rapid, accurate, data-efficient and robust predictions. It outperforms the benchmark convolutional neural network (CNN) model, a conventional deep neural network trained on stacking sequence inputs. Furthermore, the model identifies the underlying physics of CID using interpretable predictors, enabling it to transfer learned features across different laminates and achieve superior generalization. With its demonstrated effectiveness, the proposed artificial intelligence approach offers considerable potential for enhancing composite manufacturing optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111418"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111416
Xue Shen , Xiong Li , Xiaohui Yang , Qiong Li , Nan Wang , Na Song , Tongle Xu , Peng Ding
Lightweight and mechanically strong multifunctional polymer composites with low-reflection electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared stealth capacity are urgently needed to protect emerging electronic technologies in aerospace and military equipment. In this work, the polyimide nanocomposites composed of graphene nanosheets/Fe3O4 modified three-dimensional (3D) asymmetric conductive network were developed via in-situ growth and co-carbonization strategy using hierarchical modular design. Owing to the construction of 3D asymmetric conductive network, along with spatial coupling between the magnetic/dielectric synergistic loss, the resulting composites exhibit low mass density of 1.09 g/cm3, excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 54.7 dB, and high absorption coefficient of 0.72, as well as outstanding heat-resistant mechanical properties with an improved tensile strength of 31.1 MPa and reliable infrared stealth performance. Moreover, by virtue of the multiple reflection and absorption shielding mechanism triggered by the 3D asymmetric conduction network and the synergistic effect of thermal regulation, remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal infrared stealth dual capabilities have been attained. The lightweight, mechanically strong, and absorption-dominated carbon-based polyimide electromagnetic shielding composite holds great promise for emerging applications in EMI shielding and infrared stealth in aerospace and military equipment.
{"title":"Lightweight and mechanically strong polyimide/carbon fibre composites with 3D asymmetric conductive network for integrated low-reflection EMI shielding and infrared-stealth capacity","authors":"Xue Shen , Xiong Li , Xiaohui Yang , Qiong Li , Nan Wang , Na Song , Tongle Xu , Peng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight and mechanically strong multifunctional polymer composites with low-reflection electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared stealth capacity are urgently needed to protect emerging electronic technologies in aerospace and military equipment. In this work, the polyimide nanocomposites composed of graphene nanosheets/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> modified three-dimensional (3D) asymmetric conductive network were developed via in-situ growth and co-carbonization strategy using hierarchical modular design. Owing to the construction of 3D asymmetric conductive network, along with spatial coupling between the magnetic/dielectric synergistic loss, the resulting composites exhibit low mass density of 1.09 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 54.7 dB, and high absorption coefficient of 0.72, as well as outstanding heat-resistant mechanical properties with an improved tensile strength of 31.1 MPa and reliable infrared stealth performance. Moreover, by virtue of the multiple reflection and absorption shielding mechanism triggered by the 3D asymmetric conduction network and the synergistic effect of thermal regulation, remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal infrared stealth dual capabilities have been attained. The lightweight, mechanically strong, and absorption-dominated carbon-based polyimide electromagnetic shielding composite holds great promise for emerging applications in EMI shielding and infrared stealth in aerospace and military equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111416"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111415
Zhen-Hua Tang, De-Yang Wang, Yuan-Qing Li, Shao-Yun Fu
In previous models of predicting the electrical behavior of hybrid conductive polymer composites (CPCs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and another nanofiller of different geometry, CNTs were assumed to be straight and have constant length, but this is not practical for real-word CNT products. In this work, the synergistic enhancement in electrical properties of CNT/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) hybrid CPCs is numerically investigated by considering CNT length non-uniformity and waviness characteristics. Firstly, a three-dimensional percolation network model featured with randomly distributed one-dimensional curved CNTs and two-dimensional rectangular GNPs is constructed, and percolation threshold and electrical conductivity are calculated based on Monte Carlo simulation. Subsequently, the influences of the nanofiller aspect ratio and content on electrical behaviors of hybrid CPCs are extensively investigated. Furthermore, a simple semi-empirical model is developed to describe the electrical synergistic enhancement in CNT/GNP CPCs, offering a convenient tool for composite design. The results demonstrate that optimizing the CNT-to-GNP content ratio and maximizing filler aspect ratios are key to achieving the optimal synergistic enhancement. Specifically, an optimal hybrid ratio for CPCs can reduce percolation threshold by up to 40 % compared to CNT-only composites and 50 % compared to GNP-only composites. Finally, the proposed model approach is validated against existing experimental data, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting electrical properties of hybrid CPCs.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of synergistic enhancement of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets on electrical properties of hybrid composites","authors":"Zhen-Hua Tang, De-Yang Wang, Yuan-Qing Li, Shao-Yun Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In previous models of predicting the electrical behavior of hybrid conductive polymer composites (CPCs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and another nanofiller of different geometry, CNTs were assumed to be straight and have constant length, but this is not practical for real-word CNT products. In this work, the synergistic enhancement in electrical properties of CNT/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) hybrid CPCs is numerically investigated by considering CNT length non-uniformity and waviness characteristics. Firstly, a three-dimensional percolation network model featured with randomly distributed one-dimensional curved CNTs and two-dimensional rectangular GNPs is constructed, and percolation threshold and electrical conductivity are calculated based on Monte Carlo simulation. Subsequently, the influences of the nanofiller aspect ratio and content on electrical behaviors of hybrid CPCs are extensively investigated. Furthermore, a simple semi-empirical model is developed to describe the electrical synergistic enhancement in CNT/GNP CPCs, offering a convenient tool for composite design. The results demonstrate that optimizing the CNT-to-GNP content ratio and maximizing filler aspect ratios are key to achieving the optimal synergistic enhancement. Specifically, an optimal hybrid ratio for CPCs can reduce percolation threshold by up to 40 % compared to CNT-only composites and 50 % compared to GNP-only composites. Finally, the proposed model approach is validated against existing experimental data, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting electrical properties of hybrid CPCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111415"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To enhance the interfacial adhesion and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy (BF/EP) composites, a hierarchical rigid–flexible structure was constructed by sequentially depositing polyaniline (PANI) and in-situ grown ZIF-67 nanosheets on basalt fibers. The PANI coating established a conductive network that facilitated charge transport and interfacial polarization, significantly improving electromagnetic wave absorption. Concurrently, the vertically aligned ZIF-67 provided structural rigidity and abundant interfacial bonding sites, promoting mechanical interlocking and stress transfer. This synergistic architecture created a gradient modulus interface, which effectively mitigated interfacial delamination and improved stress transfer efficiency. Compared to the BF/EP composites, the optimized Z3-PBF/EP composites demonstrated significant improvements in interfacial shear strength (63.7 %), interlaminar shear strength (78.6 %), flexural strength (44.2 %), flexural modulus (68.1 %) and impact strength (61.6 %). The EMI shielding effectiveness reached 32.74 dB, dominated by absorption loss due to the integrated conductive and porous architecture. This work provides an effective and facile strategy for simultaneously improving the mechanical properties of the composite and imparting EMI shielding capability to basalt fiber composites.
{"title":"Rigid-flexible interface engineering of PANI/ZIF-67 coated basalt fibers for high-performance epoxy composites with EMI shielding capability","authors":"Wanghai Chen, Xuanyi Xu, Xinran Yang, Yuzi Jian, Jiazi Hou, Quanming Li, Yanli Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the interfacial adhesion and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy (BF/EP) composites, a hierarchical rigid–flexible structure was constructed by sequentially depositing polyaniline (PANI) and in-situ grown ZIF-67 nanosheets on basalt fibers. The PANI coating established a conductive network that facilitated charge transport and interfacial polarization, significantly improving electromagnetic wave absorption. Concurrently, the vertically aligned ZIF-67 provided structural rigidity and abundant interfacial bonding sites, promoting mechanical interlocking and stress transfer. This synergistic architecture created a gradient modulus interface, which effectively mitigated interfacial delamination and improved stress transfer efficiency. Compared to the BF/EP composites, the optimized Z3-PBF/EP composites demonstrated significant improvements in interfacial shear strength (63.7 %), interlaminar shear strength (78.6 %), flexural strength (44.2 %), flexural modulus (68.1 %) and impact strength (61.6 %). The EMI shielding effectiveness reached 32.74 dB, dominated by absorption loss due to the integrated conductive and porous architecture. This work provides an effective and facile strategy for simultaneously improving the mechanical properties of the composite and imparting EMI shielding capability to basalt fiber composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111413"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111414
Wanrui Zhang , Jianchao Zou , Zongyou Wei , Zhibin Han , Lei Yang , Weizhao Zhang
In this work, shear-thickening-gel applied CFRP (SACFRP) composite laminates were developed to enhance the impact resistance of the composites under low-velocity impact (LVI) conditions, where the incorporated shear thickening gel (STG) worked as the interphase material between fibres and resin matrix. To analyse the effects of STG in its composites, static tensile and shear tests were first conducted on longitudinally and transversely positioned unidirectional (UD) SACFRP and its CFRP reference, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the corresponding reduction of the resin matrix due to the incorporation of the relatively soft STG weakened the interlaminar behaviour of the SACFRP laminates during static mechanical tests. However, the transverse tensile toughness of the SACFRP exhibited a remarkable 139 % improvement compared to the CFRP reference, demonstrating significant interfacial toughening of the developed composites, as verified through SEM analysis. To leverage the effects of the STG on the composites, this work modified the stacking sequences of SACFRP laminates. LVI tests and recurring LVI tests demonstrated the substantial improvement of impact performance for layup-designed SACFRP laminates since the impact-resistant mechanism transitioned from the local damage of CFRPs to the global flexural behaviour of SACFRPs. Timoshenko's analytical model validated the resistant mechanism transition of layup-designed SACFRP during LVI tests. Therefore, the SACFRP laminates with modified stacking sequences demonstrate outstanding potential for use under extreme loading conditions involving complex and unavoidable impacts, highlighting their broad applicability across various industries.
{"title":"Modifying stacking sequences to leverage the effects of shear thickening gel (STG) on the impact resistance of the STG applied carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (SACFRP) composite laminates","authors":"Wanrui Zhang , Jianchao Zou , Zongyou Wei , Zhibin Han , Lei Yang , Weizhao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, shear-thickening-gel applied CFRP (SACFRP) composite laminates were developed to enhance the impact resistance of the composites under low-velocity impact (LVI) conditions, where the incorporated shear thickening gel (STG) worked as the interphase material between fibres and resin matrix. To analyse the effects of STG in its composites, static tensile and shear tests were first conducted on longitudinally and transversely positioned unidirectional (UD) SACFRP and its CFRP reference, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the corresponding reduction of the resin matrix due to the incorporation of the relatively soft STG weakened the interlaminar behaviour of the SACFRP laminates during static mechanical tests. However, the transverse tensile toughness of the SACFRP exhibited a remarkable 139 % improvement compared to the CFRP reference, demonstrating significant interfacial toughening of the developed composites, as verified through SEM analysis. To leverage the effects of the STG on the composites, this work modified the stacking sequences of SACFRP laminates. LVI tests and recurring LVI tests demonstrated the substantial improvement of impact performance for layup-designed SACFRP laminates since the impact-resistant mechanism transitioned from the local damage of CFRPs to the global flexural behaviour of SACFRPs. Timoshenko's analytical model validated the resistant mechanism transition of layup-designed SACFRP during LVI tests. Therefore, the SACFRP laminates with modified stacking sequences demonstrate outstanding potential for use under extreme loading conditions involving complex and unavoidable impacts, highlighting their broad applicability across various industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111414"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111411
Zidie Song , Kangle Xue , Yuliang Xia , Hailong Liu , Tao You , Zibo Hua , Hong Cui , Li Liu , Zhen Hu , Yudong Huang
Epoxy resins, extensively employed as the polymer matrix in composites, face significant environmental challenges owing to their non-degradability. While incorporating dynamic acetal bonds offers promise, current acetal epoxies suffer from low modulus, poor thermal stability, and unoptimized degradation kinetics/performance balance. Furthermore, upcycling their degradation products yields only low-value additives with compromised properties. We present a bio-based epoxy vitrimer reconciling performance and circularity. Synthesized from vanillin and sorbitol, its key innovation is integrating multicyclic acetal motifs within the network. This vitrimer overcomes traditional limitations, achieving a high tensile modulus (3.63 GPa) and thermal stability (Td5: 331 °C), suitable for demanding applications. Its molecular design enables ultrafast degradation (within 6 min, 65 °C) in diluted acid, facilitated by high-density labile cyclic acetal crosslinks. Crucially, the aldehyde/hydroxyl-rich degradation products are upcycled into high-performance sizing agents for carbon fiber composites. These agents achieve interfacial shear strengths of 70–80 MPa, matching industrial standards and resolving the acetal-epoxy upcycling challenge. This work establishes a scalable, sustainable framework for high-performance polymers, enabling efficient composite recycling and aligning industrial needs with circular economy principles.
{"title":"Bio-based cyclic acetal epoxy vitrimer upcycling: From composite matrix to interface","authors":"Zidie Song , Kangle Xue , Yuliang Xia , Hailong Liu , Tao You , Zibo Hua , Hong Cui , Li Liu , Zhen Hu , Yudong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy resins, extensively employed as the polymer matrix in composites, face significant environmental challenges owing to their non-degradability. While incorporating dynamic acetal bonds offers promise, current acetal epoxies suffer from low modulus, poor thermal stability, and unoptimized degradation kinetics/performance balance. Furthermore, upcycling their degradation products yields only low-value additives with compromised properties. We present a bio-based epoxy vitrimer reconciling performance and circularity. Synthesized from vanillin and sorbitol, its key innovation is integrating multicyclic acetal motifs within the network. This vitrimer overcomes traditional limitations, achieving a high tensile modulus (3.63 GPa) and thermal stability (T<sub>d5</sub>: 331 °C), suitable for demanding applications. Its molecular design enables ultrafast degradation (within 6 min, 65 °C) in diluted acid, facilitated by high-density labile cyclic acetal crosslinks. Crucially, the aldehyde/hydroxyl-rich degradation products are upcycled into high-performance sizing agents for carbon fiber composites. These agents achieve interfacial shear strengths of 70–80 MPa, matching industrial standards and resolving the acetal-epoxy upcycling challenge. This work establishes a scalable, sustainable framework for high-performance polymers, enabling efficient composite recycling and aligning industrial needs with circular economy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111411"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111412
Wang Guo , Yanting Wei , Chen Xu , Bowen Li , Yunlei Wu , Yu Gong , Huaming Mai , Shan Wang , Yong Zhang , Yu Long
Complex bone defects caused by trauma or disease represent a significant challenge in the field of bone tissue engineering. Additive manufacturing (AM)-based functionalized bone scaffolds offer promising potential for providing personalized solutions to treat such complex defects. Among these, epoxidized soybean oil acrylate (AESO), as an attractive bio-based photocurable resin, has enormous application potential in tissue engineering; however, issues such as high viscosity and low photosensitivity hinder its widespread use in vat photopolymerization (VPP). This study proposes improving the digital light processing (DLP) printing performance of AESO systems by incorporating isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA), and simultaneously developing a shape-memory polymer (SMP) resin system. Furthermore, the scaffolds are endowed with near-infrared (NIR)-triggered photothermal functionality through the incorporation of calcium lignosulfonate (CL), with the aim of enabling photothermal-mediated wireless remote shape memory and tumor suppression. Results show that DLP-fabricated triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) composite bone scaffolds exhibit controllable biomimetic porous surfaces and tunable mechanical properties. The addition of CL endows the scaffolds with composition-dependent and NIR irradiation-modulated controllable photothermal response behaviors under simulated physiological conditions, facilitating remote, controlled shape memory activation and mild, safe tumor cell suppression via photothermal therapy. Moreover, CL enhances scaffold hydrophilicity, promotes degradation through preferential dissolution and micro-porous surface formation, and enables sustained calcium ion release. These features improve biomineralization, supporting cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. This research provides a promising solution for the fabrication of biomimetic porous bone scaffolds using soybean oil-based photoreactive materials via VPP technology, with multiple functions to address complex, irregular, and tumor-associated bone defects.
{"title":"Functionalized degradable soybean oil-based biomimetic porous scaffolds for complex bone defects: Vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing, photothermal-mediated shape memory and tumor thermotherapy","authors":"Wang Guo , Yanting Wei , Chen Xu , Bowen Li , Yunlei Wu , Yu Gong , Huaming Mai , Shan Wang , Yong Zhang , Yu Long","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex bone defects caused by trauma or disease represent a significant challenge in the field of bone tissue engineering. Additive manufacturing (AM)-based functionalized bone scaffolds offer promising potential for providing personalized solutions to treat such complex defects. Among these, epoxidized soybean oil acrylate (AESO), as an attractive bio-based photocurable resin, has enormous application potential in tissue engineering; however, issues such as high viscosity and low photosensitivity hinder its widespread use in vat photopolymerization (VPP). This study proposes improving the digital light processing (DLP) printing performance of AESO systems by incorporating isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA), and simultaneously developing a shape-memory polymer (SMP) resin system. Furthermore, the scaffolds are endowed with near-infrared (NIR)-triggered photothermal functionality through the incorporation of calcium lignosulfonate (CL), with the aim of enabling photothermal-mediated wireless remote shape memory and tumor suppression. Results show that DLP-fabricated triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) composite bone scaffolds exhibit controllable biomimetic porous surfaces and tunable mechanical properties. The addition of CL endows the scaffolds with composition-dependent and NIR irradiation-modulated controllable photothermal response behaviors under simulated physiological conditions, facilitating remote, controlled shape memory activation and mild, safe tumor cell suppression via photothermal therapy. Moreover, CL enhances scaffold hydrophilicity, promotes degradation through preferential dissolution and micro-porous surface formation, and enables sustained calcium ion release. These features improve biomineralization, supporting cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. This research provides a promising solution for the fabrication of biomimetic porous bone scaffolds using soybean oil-based photoreactive materials via VPP technology, with multiple functions to address complex, irregular, and tumor-associated bone defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 111412"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号