N. I. Mohd Zaki, S.M. Che Husin, M. K. Abu Husain, N. Abu Husain, A. Ma’aram, S.N. Amilah Marmin, A. F. Adanan, Y. Ahmad, K. A. Abu Kassim
Safety technology has evolved rapidly in the past few years to become much more driver-aware and automatic. Many of these technologies build upon one another in a good, better, best pattern to provide the safest possible driving experience. It is expected that this system can eliminate or mitigate road accidents due to reckless and careless driving. However, safety or driver-assistance features are no substitute for the driver's responsibility to operate safely. A survey revealed that the warning alarms were turned off by 70% of drivers due to annoying audio characteristics. It is vital to consider frustration linked to an alarm, where it can affect the driver's behavior. It is recommended to identify optimum chime sound characteristics for the driver’s alert and respond appropriately to improve the effectiveness of the auditory signal. In this paper, a review on the identification of the type of warning modality, frequency setting, and warning priority for vehicle safety features technology from the selected vehicle manufacturers are explained.
{"title":"Auditory Alert for In-Vehicle Safety Technologies: A Review","authors":"N. I. Mohd Zaki, S.M. Che Husin, M. K. Abu Husain, N. Abu Husain, A. Ma’aram, S.N. Amilah Marmin, A. F. Adanan, Y. Ahmad, K. A. Abu Kassim","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i1.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i1.155","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Safety technology has evolved rapidly in the past few years to become much more driver-aware and automatic. Many of these technologies build upon one another in a good, better, best pattern to provide the safest possible driving experience. It is expected that this system can eliminate or mitigate road accidents due to reckless and careless driving. However, safety or driver-assistance features are no substitute for the driver's responsibility to operate safely. A survey revealed that the warning alarms were turned off by 70% of drivers due to annoying audio characteristics. It is vital to consider frustration linked to an alarm, where it can affect the driver's behavior. It is recommended to identify optimum chime sound characteristics for the driver’s alert and respond appropriately to improve the effectiveness of the auditory signal. In this paper, a review on the identification of the type of warning modality, frequency setting, and warning priority for vehicle safety features technology from the selected vehicle manufacturers are explained. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131980375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mohd Ishanuddin, E. H. Sukadarin, N. M. Mohd Nawi, M. Widia, A. A. Ab. Rashid, H. Abdul Aziz, J. Zakaria, N. S. Fauzan, H. Osman, E. N. Roslin, Z. M. Jawi, Yassierli
Due to remarkable developments, various automated driving systems, known as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), have been implemented, and the entire range of human driver activity in modern vehicles is undergoing changes. However, whether or not the consumers will accept and satisfy the emerging technologies, especially Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB), remains a big question. Therefore, it is vital to understand how vehicle consumers or potential consumers decide to use or not to use, and what they expect or perceive of AEB. This work intends to review the published works on AEB to understand the current market of the technology. In order to investigate the user's perception, a developed theoretical model is planned to be adopted. The review was conducted by searching from Google Scholar and the ScienceDirect database through Universiti Malaysia Pahang online databases. The knowledge and understanding of the current AEB market and theoretical model will help researchers plan the next steps to explore consumer or potential consumer perception.
{"title":"Consumers' Perception of Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB): Theoretical Model and Construct Development","authors":"N. Mohd Ishanuddin, E. H. Sukadarin, N. M. Mohd Nawi, M. Widia, A. A. Ab. Rashid, H. Abdul Aziz, J. Zakaria, N. S. Fauzan, H. Osman, E. N. Roslin, Z. M. Jawi, Yassierli","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.165","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Due to remarkable developments, various automated driving systems, known as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), have been implemented, and the entire range of human driver activity in modern vehicles is undergoing changes. However, whether or not the consumers will accept and satisfy the emerging technologies, especially Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB), remains a big question. Therefore, it is vital to understand how vehicle consumers or potential consumers decide to use or not to use, and what they expect or perceive of AEB. This work intends to review the published works on AEB to understand the current market of the technology. In order to investigate the user's perception, a developed theoretical model is planned to be adopted. The review was conducted by searching from Google Scholar and the ScienceDirect database through Universiti Malaysia Pahang online databases. The knowledge and understanding of the current AEB market and theoretical model will help researchers plan the next steps to explore consumer or potential consumer perception. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133721530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.A. Saruchi, M. Ariff, H. Zamzuri, M. Rahman, N. Wahid, N. Hassan, N. Izni, F. Yakub, N. A. Husain, K. A. Abu Kassim
An autonomous vehicle is a rapidly evolving technology that received attention from researchers due to its potential benefits. Besides the advantages, there are also non-negligible issues that need to be overcome in the middle of the autonomous vehicle development process. Among all the challenges, one of the important topics that have not gained adequate consideration is motion sickness (MS). This paper reviews the benefit and challenges of autonomous vehicles, MS factors, the quantifying methods of MS, and the mitigation strategies of MS. Considering the importance of minimizing MS, it is concluded that the number of strategies to lessen MS's severity is still lacking; hence, requiring more attention from automotive researchers.
{"title":"Motion Sickness Mitigation in Autonomous Vehicle: A Mini-Review","authors":"S.A. Saruchi, M. Ariff, H. Zamzuri, M. Rahman, N. Wahid, N. Hassan, N. Izni, F. Yakub, N. A. Husain, K. A. Abu Kassim","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.170","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000An autonomous vehicle is a rapidly evolving technology that received attention from researchers due to its potential benefits. Besides the advantages, there are also non-negligible issues that need to be overcome in the middle of the autonomous vehicle development process. Among all the challenges, one of the important topics that have not gained adequate consideration is motion sickness (MS). This paper reviews the benefit and challenges of autonomous vehicles, MS factors, the quantifying methods of MS, and the mitigation strategies of MS. Considering the importance of minimizing MS, it is concluded that the number of strategies to lessen MS's severity is still lacking; hence, requiring more attention from automotive researchers. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126363359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Md. Yusof, J. Karjanto, M. Hassan, S. Sulaiman, N. Mustaffa
Most of the previous research on the road darkness effect in Malaysia focused on traffic flow characteristics such as traffic speed and its density. Only limited efforts have been made to assess the road darkness effect on driver behaviours. In this paper, an experimental setup is explained to study driver behaviours when approaching parked or slow- moving vehicles during nighttime. A single-carriageway was selected to conduct the study. The road lighting will be controlled to be switched on or switched off during the experiment. Three obstacles in the shape of a motorcycle, car, and lorry will be used to simulate the parked or slow-moving vehicle. The experimental setup is designed to collect driver behaviour data including the reaction time taken for breaking or slowing down when approaching the obstacle, the distance between the car and the obstacle, the speed of the car and its trajectory. This experimental setup is expected to be used in a study that investigates the effect of dark roads on driver behavior.
{"title":"Experimental Setup of Driver Behavior on Road Darkness Level","authors":"N. Md. Yusof, J. Karjanto, M. Hassan, S. Sulaiman, N. Mustaffa","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.168","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Most of the previous research on the road darkness effect in Malaysia focused on traffic flow characteristics such as traffic speed and its density. Only limited efforts have been made to assess the road darkness effect on driver behaviours. In this paper, an experimental setup is explained to study driver behaviours when approaching parked or slow- moving vehicles during nighttime. A single-carriageway was selected to conduct the study. The road lighting will be controlled to be switched on or switched off during the experiment. Three obstacles in the shape of a motorcycle, car, and lorry will be used to simulate the parked or slow-moving vehicle. The experimental setup is designed to collect driver behaviour data including the reaction time taken for breaking or slowing down when approaching the obstacle, the distance between the car and the obstacle, the speed of the car and its trajectory. This experimental setup is expected to be used in a study that investigates the effect of dark roads on driver behavior. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128069424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Ab. Rashid, A. Poi, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, K. A. Abu Kassim
Speed, because of its centrality to mobility, deserves effective management approaches. This review examined the present approaches in Malaysia: speed zoning, enforcement, education, and physical engineering; before putting forward evidence of their limited effectivity. The discussion continued with a proposal for preventive approaches in managing speed. Instead of reactive measures, i.e. curbing the speeding, the proposal clutches on the elimination of room for speeding by advocating for vehicular speed management system – e.g. the intelligent speed adaptation technology, or top speed limiting by design. The potential regulatory mechanism, implementation challenges, and subsequent courses of action to realize the proposal concludes the article.
{"title":"Revisiting Speed Management Strategies in Malaysia","authors":"A. A. Ab. Rashid, A. Poi, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, K. A. Abu Kassim","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Speed, because of its centrality to mobility, deserves effective management approaches. This review examined the present approaches in Malaysia: speed zoning, enforcement, education, and physical engineering; before putting forward evidence of their limited effectivity. The discussion continued with a proposal for preventive approaches in managing speed. Instead of reactive measures, i.e. curbing the speeding, the proposal clutches on the elimination of room for speeding by advocating for vehicular speed management system – e.g. the intelligent speed adaptation technology, or top speed limiting by design. The potential regulatory mechanism, implementation challenges, and subsequent courses of action to realize the proposal concludes the article. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"409 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132898271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Karjanto, N. Md. Yusof, M. Azmi, M. Z. Hassan, A. Zulkifli, M. Nazar, A. A. Ab. Rashid, Z. Mohd Jawi, K. A. Abu Kassim
In the current development of Automated Vehicle (AV) technology, one of the challenges yet to be resolved is when the AV is driving in urban environments. There will be mixed traffic scenarios where the AV and Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, will share the road infrastructures. In this study, an AV simulator is developed and will be used to study the interaction between an AV and motorcyclist when they encounter a specific situation on the real roads. The study begins with developing a test vehicle based on the three main systems: the vehicle's interior, outer appearance, and behavior. The vehicle's interior comprises four subsystems: data acquisition, sensor, monitoring, and power management system. The outer appearance system has a look-alike LiDAR system, while the driving style sub-system monitors the behavior system. Future improvement will include developing ghost drivers to be implemented together with this system to enhance this on- road simulator's saliency.
{"title":"The Development of an Automated Vehicle Simulator for On-Road Study","authors":"J. Karjanto, N. Md. Yusof, M. Azmi, M. Z. Hassan, A. Zulkifli, M. Nazar, A. A. Ab. Rashid, Z. Mohd Jawi, K. A. Abu Kassim","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.167","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In the current development of Automated Vehicle (AV) technology, one of the challenges yet to be resolved is when the AV is driving in urban environments. There will be mixed traffic scenarios where the AV and Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, will share the road infrastructures. In this study, an AV simulator is developed and will be used to study the interaction between an AV and motorcyclist when they encounter a specific situation on the real roads. The study begins with developing a test vehicle based on the three main systems: the vehicle's interior, outer appearance, and behavior. The vehicle's interior comprises four subsystems: data acquisition, sensor, monitoring, and power management system. The outer appearance system has a look-alike LiDAR system, while the driving style sub-system monitors the behavior system. Future improvement will include developing ghost drivers to be implemented together with this system to enhance this on- road simulator's saliency. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128163499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tengku NA Tuan Kamaruddin, N. Abu Husain, M. A. Meor Said, Y. Aminanda, A. Ma’aram, N. I. Mohd Zaki, M. K. Abu Husain, M. H. Johari
This paper will discuss the responsibilities and contributions of key stakeholders for ASEAN NCAP as well as their aspirations for the future ASEAN NCAP roadmap. The key stakeholders are: (1) government- related entities (2) automotive industry players (3) academia and (4) consumers. A Steering Committee (SC) has been set up to govern the ASEAN NCAP with the support from the Technical Committee (TC). Four Working Groups (WG) for each pillar of Frontal Impact (FIWG), Side Impact (SIWG), Child Restraint (CRWG), and Safety Assist (SAWG) have been established recently. Automotive industry players are also known to take the initiative to adopt the ASEAN NCAP safety rating as part of the guide for their research and developments. Car dealers have embedded ASEAN NCAP as one of their marketing strategies. The academicians and researchers also have been actively involved through the ASEAN NCAP Collaborative Holistic Research (ANCHOR) Projects since it was started in 2017 until now. Since ASEAN NCAP's inception 10 years ago, consumers’ awareness and appreciation for ASEAN NCAP and the need for safer vehicles have also greatly improved.
{"title":"The Fantastic Four Stakeholders in ASEAN NCAP","authors":"Tengku NA Tuan Kamaruddin, N. Abu Husain, M. A. Meor Said, Y. Aminanda, A. Ma’aram, N. I. Mohd Zaki, M. K. Abu Husain, M. H. Johari","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.171","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper will discuss the responsibilities and contributions of key stakeholders for ASEAN NCAP as well as their aspirations for the future ASEAN NCAP roadmap. The key stakeholders are: (1) government- related entities (2) automotive industry players (3) academia and (4) consumers. A Steering Committee (SC) has been set up to govern the ASEAN NCAP with the support from the Technical Committee (TC). Four Working Groups (WG) for each pillar of Frontal Impact (FIWG), Side Impact (SIWG), Child Restraint (CRWG), and Safety Assist (SAWG) have been established recently. Automotive industry players are also known to take the initiative to adopt the ASEAN NCAP safety rating as part of the guide for their research and developments. Car dealers have embedded ASEAN NCAP as one of their marketing strategies. The academicians and researchers also have been actively involved through the ASEAN NCAP Collaborative Holistic Research (ANCHOR) Projects since it was started in 2017 until now. Since ASEAN NCAP's inception 10 years ago, consumers’ awareness and appreciation for ASEAN NCAP and the need for safer vehicles have also greatly improved. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127639987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Ariffin, M. S. Solah, A. Hamzah, M.S. Ahmad, M.A. Mohamad Radzi, Z. Zulkipli, A. S. Salleh, Z. Mohd Jawi
The use of dashboard camera (dashcam), or also known as digital video recorder (DVR) is increasingly becoming popular among personal vehicle owners nowadays due to affordable prices and higher video qualities. Many road-related incidents including vehicle crashes and near-misses can be recorded using dashboard cameras and shared via social media as lessons learned to others. Recorded videos of the incidents in real-time can be observed and used for a variety of purposes, including as supportive evidence for investigation. This paper explores the potential use of recorded dashcam videos in determining the characteristics and factors contributing to road crashes and near-misses under different situations. Selected video records of road crashes and near-misses were obtained from the internet thru social media and were used for analysis. The findings concluded that a dashboard camera is an effective digital video technology for traffic and accident monitoring systems. It has a high potential in providing supportive evidence of many frequently occurring factors and understanding the causes of road crashes and near-miss incidents.
{"title":"Exploring Characteristics and Contributory Factors of Road Crashes and Near Misses Recorded via Dashboard Camera","authors":"A. H. Ariffin, M. S. Solah, A. Hamzah, M.S. Ahmad, M.A. Mohamad Radzi, Z. Zulkipli, A. S. Salleh, Z. Mohd Jawi","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.173","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The use of dashboard camera (dashcam), or also known as digital video recorder (DVR) is increasingly becoming popular among personal vehicle owners nowadays due to affordable prices and higher video qualities. Many road-related incidents including vehicle crashes and near-misses can be recorded using dashboard cameras and shared via social media as lessons learned to others. Recorded videos of the incidents in real-time can be observed and used for a variety of purposes, including as supportive evidence for investigation. This paper explores the potential use of recorded dashcam videos in determining the characteristics and factors contributing to road crashes and near-misses under different situations. Selected video records of road crashes and near-misses were obtained from the internet thru social media and were used for analysis. The findings concluded that a dashboard camera is an effective digital video technology for traffic and accident monitoring systems. It has a high potential in providing supportive evidence of many frequently occurring factors and understanding the causes of road crashes and near-miss incidents. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125408849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ahmad, W. Ameer Batcha, I. Othman, A. H. Ariffin
In 2007, the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) with engagement from numerous stakeholders has come out with a Safety, Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP). The main reason for the existence of this SHE COP is because of a drastic increase in the number of crashes within the five years involving commercial vehicles especially express buses. Subsequently, in 2010, SHE COP has been gazetted as Industrial Code of Practice for Transportation Sector (ICOP 2010) under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994). This ICOP 2010 can be used as guidelines to improve safety management for fleet operators. However, it has limitations to disseminate information to the public on the level of safe operation by the operators for them to make a good decision. Through some focus group discussions, a review of ICOP 2010, and a pilot test, MIROS has developed a star rating system named as Safety Star Grading Program (SSG) to provide information to the public on the level of safety management and service performance of the express bus operators. This SSG rating criteria consist of 4 elements which are safety, health, service performance, and comfort. Under the safety element, there are six sub-elements which are policy, organization, planning and implementation, evaluation, and action. Overall, this SSG was developed by referring to the basic concept of a safety management system to provide public transportation users with information to make a better decision on choosing the safest operator.
2007年，马来西亚道路安全研究所(MIROS)在众多利益攸关方的参与下，制定了《安全、健康和环境业务守则》。设立交通安全工作小组的主要原因是，在过去五年内，涉及商用车辆(尤其是快巴)的撞车事故急剧增加。随后，在2010年，根据《1994年职业安全与健康法》(OSHA 1994)， SHE COP作为运输部门工业实践守则(ICOP 2010)在宪报公布。本ICOP 2010可作为指导方针，以改善船队运营商的安全管理。然而，运营商向公众传播安全运营层面的信息，使公众做出正确的决策是有局限性的。通过焦点小组讨论、ICOP 2010检讨和试点测试，保安处制定了一套名为“安全之星评级计划”的星级评定制度，向公众提供有关快速巴士营办商安全管理水平和服务表现的资料。这个SSG评级标准包括4个要素，即安全、健康、服务性能和舒适度。在安全要素下，有政策、组织、计划与实施、评价和行动六个子要素。总体而言，这个SSG是参照安全管理系统的基本概念，为公共交通用户提供信息，以更好地选择最安全的运营商。
{"title":"Development of Safety Star Grading Program: A Star Rating System for Express Bus Operator in Malaysia","authors":"M. Ahmad, W. Ameer Batcha, I. Othman, A. H. Ariffin","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.174","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In 2007, the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) with engagement from numerous stakeholders has come out with a Safety, Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP). The main reason for the existence of this SHE COP is because of a drastic increase in the number of crashes within the five years involving commercial vehicles especially express buses. Subsequently, in 2010, SHE COP has been gazetted as Industrial Code of Practice for Transportation Sector (ICOP 2010) under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994). This ICOP 2010 can be used as guidelines to improve safety management for fleet operators. However, it has limitations to disseminate information to the public on the level of safe operation by the operators for them to make a good decision. Through some focus group discussions, a review of ICOP 2010, and a pilot test, MIROS has developed a star rating system named as Safety Star Grading Program (SSG) to provide information to the public on the level of safety management and service performance of the express bus operators. This SSG rating criteria consist of 4 elements which are safety, health, service performance, and comfort. Under the safety element, there are six sub-elements which are policy, organization, planning and implementation, evaluation, and action. Overall, this SSG was developed by referring to the basic concept of a safety management system to provide public transportation users with information to make a better decision on choosing the safest operator. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126315181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybridization has become a crucial part of engine development for automotive manufacturers nowadays to produce efficient engines and electric turbochargers have become the center-piece of that development to cut carbon emissions. In this paper, we simulate an electrically turbocharged engine under part-load using a 1-D engine simulation software to estimate the amount of energy that can be recovered at different engine loads in a typical passenger vehicle. A conventional turbocharged engine and an electric turbocharged engine are first simulated under steady part load conditions with fixed target Brake Torque (Nm). Then the electric turbocharged engine is simulated to run at points between 1,000-2,000 rpm engine range to determine the amount of power recovered at low engine speed. From this study, the BSFC increases by 1.3% at 50% engine load at 4,000 rpm in the electrically turbocharged engine over conventional turbocharged engine whereas at 5,000 rpm it decreases by 2.4% at 75% engine load. A maximum of 3.22 kW was able to be recovered at 5,000 rpm 50% load and 1.5kW at low engine speeds.
{"title":"Part-Load Simulation and Energy Recovery Evaluation of an Electrically Turbocharged Engine Low Engine Speeds","authors":"K. Subramaniam, Wan Saiful-Islam Wan Salim","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.172","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Hybridization has become a crucial part of engine development for automotive manufacturers nowadays to produce efficient engines and electric turbochargers have become the center-piece of that development to cut carbon emissions. In this paper, we simulate an electrically turbocharged engine under part-load using a 1-D engine simulation software to estimate the amount of energy that can be recovered at different engine loads in a typical passenger vehicle. A conventional turbocharged engine and an electric turbocharged engine are first simulated under steady part load conditions with fixed target Brake Torque (Nm). Then the electric turbocharged engine is simulated to run at points between 1,000-2,000 rpm engine range to determine the amount of power recovered at low engine speed. From this study, the BSFC increases by 1.3% at 50% engine load at 4,000 rpm in the electrically turbocharged engine over conventional turbocharged engine whereas at 5,000 rpm it decreases by 2.4% at 75% engine load. A maximum of 3.22 kW was able to be recovered at 5,000 rpm 50% load and 1.5kW at low engine speeds. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123132315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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