I. A. Hamid, K. Kamarudin, M. R. Osman, A. N. Abidin, Z. Zulkipli, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, M. Isa, M. S. Solah, A. Hamzah, A. H. Ariffin
This study is conducted to verify the rollover test of the finite element bus model. Verification is a process of determining that a computational model accurately represents the theoretical mathematical model and its solutions. In case of bus rollover simulation, the verification process is by looking into its energy balance, in which all energy associated with the bus rollover process must be equal and preserved before and after the rollover. Any energy imbalance indicates errors in the rollover process and must be rectified so that the errors remain in acceptable tolerance. The main energies involved in calculations are potential energy, kinetic energy, internal energy, contact energy, rigidwall energy, damping energy, hourglass energy, and total energy. The finite element bus model used is CONTRAST bus developed by CM/E Group, Politecnico di Milano. The rollover test standard used is UN R66, and the software used to set up and solve the simulation are LS-PrePost and LS- DYNA. Energy balance and energy ratio from the rollover simulation shows that the verification procedure is followed, results are within acceptable values, and the rollover test is verified.
{"title":"Finite Element Bus Rollover Test Verification","authors":"I. A. Hamid, K. Kamarudin, M. R. Osman, A. N. Abidin, Z. Zulkipli, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, M. Isa, M. S. Solah, A. Hamzah, A. H. Ariffin","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v3i4.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i4.140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This study is conducted to verify the rollover test of the finite element bus model. Verification is a process of determining that a computational model accurately represents the theoretical mathematical model and its solutions. In case of bus rollover simulation, the verification process is by looking into its energy balance, in which all energy associated with the bus rollover process must be equal and preserved before and after the rollover. Any energy imbalance indicates errors in the rollover process and must be rectified so that the errors remain in acceptable tolerance. The main energies involved in calculations are potential energy, kinetic energy, internal energy, contact energy, rigidwall energy, damping energy, hourglass energy, and total energy. The finite element bus model used is CONTRAST bus developed by CM/E Group, Politecnico di Milano. The rollover test standard used is UN R66, and the software used to set up and solve the simulation are LS-PrePost and LS- DYNA. Energy balance and energy ratio from the rollover simulation shows that the verification procedure is followed, results are within acceptable values, and the rollover test is verified. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126078979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaysia is a rapidly developing country with the potential for growth of future technologies. Autonomous Vehicle (AV) is one of these new technologies which evokes both excitement and apprehension among the general public. This paper shall discuss Malaysia's preparedness to accept AV on its roads. Finally, this paper will also explain the possible steps to facilitate efforts to have AVs on Malaysia's roads in the imminent future.
{"title":"Is Malaysia Ready to Adopt Autonomous Vehicles?","authors":"K. A. Abu Kassim, Z. Mohd Jawi, M. A. Nasruddin","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v3i1.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i1.102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Malaysia is a rapidly developing country with the potential for growth of future technologies. Autonomous Vehicle (AV) is one of these new technologies which evokes both excitement and apprehension among the general public. This paper shall discuss Malaysia's preparedness to accept AV on its roads. Finally, this paper will also explain the possible steps to facilitate efforts to have AVs on Malaysia's roads in the imminent future. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123023518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and air pollution in the recent decade have become an increasingly important issue. This has led to the introduction of transportation policies in many countries to make vehicles more efficient by promoting the development and use of Electric Vehicles (EVs). According to the European Automotive Manufacturers Association, the registration of EVs has shown a substantial increase of 160.5%, prompting stakeholders to assume a realistic market share for new electrically chargeable vehicles to be in the range of two to eight percent by 2020 to 2025, based on today's market. Electric and hybrid vehicles are subject to the same passive and active safety standards as fossil fuel engine vehicles and so they have to pass crash tests defined by homologation regulations or other consumer standards such as Euro NCAP. Electric and hybrid vehicles also have to fulfil a few specific extra requirements added to the official standards; as they pose a potential danger after severe crashes due to the risk of electric shock from the battery. In this paper, the internal safety protocol applied for EV crash tests that is used at Applus IDIADA crash test laboratory is described and related with the principal risks of testing EVs. Moreover, an overview of the principal amendments of passive safety standards regarding EVs is presented.
{"title":"Safety Protocols for Electric Vehicles Crash Tests","authors":"N. Parera, O. Amor","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v3i2.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i2.112","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Climate change and air pollution in the recent decade have become an increasingly important issue. This has led to the introduction of transportation policies in many countries to make vehicles more efficient by promoting the development and use of Electric Vehicles (EVs). According to the European Automotive Manufacturers Association, the registration of EVs has shown a substantial increase of 160.5%, prompting stakeholders to assume a realistic market share for new electrically chargeable vehicles to be in the range of two to eight percent by 2020 to 2025, based on today's market. Electric and hybrid vehicles are subject to the same passive and active safety standards as fossil fuel engine vehicles and so they have to pass crash tests defined by homologation regulations or other consumer standards such as Euro NCAP. Electric and hybrid vehicles also have to fulfil a few specific extra requirements added to the official standards; as they pose a potential danger after severe crashes due to the risk of electric shock from the battery. In this paper, the internal safety protocol applied for EV crash tests that is used at Applus IDIADA crash test laboratory is described and related with the principal risks of testing EVs. Moreover, an overview of the principal amendments of passive safety standards regarding EVs is presented. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121709946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Fadzilla, A. Harun, S. A. Bakar, M. Hashim, W. K. Wan, I. Ibrahim, A. R. Mahayadin, M. Rani, M. Isa
Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) technologies are among the most heavily researched automotive technologies in the industry with regards to making it more efficient and flexible for the user. This paper discusses the signal profile observed on connected autonomous vehicle testbed environment in an approved UniMAP Circuit. Wireless devices were used to perform channel measurements in such an environment. Data were collected and observation was recorded and analysed. The purpose is to analyse and evaluate signal propagation properties for the optimization of wireless roadside devices in CAV application such as junction controller. Two important paths have been chosen to represent the environment and transmitter to receiver communications were measured and characteristics are recorded at which Path 1 is on a tar road while Path 2 is a mix of gravel-tar-grass field. The result shows that both paths show an abrupt decrease in signal power for the first 10 m showing the diffusion region of signal propagation and then starts to fluctuate between -62 dBm and -93 dBm for Path 1 while it fluctuates between -44 dBm and -79 dBm for Path 2. From these results, we can conclude that the performance of the signal profile differs relative to the different surfaces they propagate. These results will definitely have a major effect in the application of any Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technologies in regards to signal propagation being analysed beforehand, making sure that the signal transmission works at its best.
{"title":"Wireless Signal Propagation Analysis on Connected Autonomous Vehicle Test Bed in Northern Malaysia","authors":"M. A. Fadzilla, A. Harun, S. A. Bakar, M. Hashim, W. K. Wan, I. Ibrahim, A. R. Mahayadin, M. Rani, M. Isa","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v3i3.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i3.126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) technologies are among the most heavily researched automotive technologies in the industry with regards to making it more efficient and flexible for the user. This paper discusses the signal profile observed on connected autonomous vehicle testbed environment in an approved UniMAP Circuit. Wireless devices were used to perform channel measurements in such an environment. Data were collected and observation was recorded and analysed. The purpose is to analyse and evaluate signal propagation properties for the optimization of wireless roadside devices in CAV application such as junction controller. Two important paths have been chosen to represent the environment and transmitter to receiver communications were measured and characteristics are recorded at which Path 1 is on a tar road while Path 2 is a mix of gravel-tar-grass field. The result shows that both paths show an abrupt decrease in signal power for the first 10 m showing the diffusion region of signal propagation and then starts to fluctuate between -62 dBm and -93 dBm for Path 1 while it fluctuates between -44 dBm and -79 dBm for Path 2. From these results, we can conclude that the performance of the signal profile differs relative to the different surfaces they propagate. These results will definitely have a major effect in the application of any Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technologies in regards to signal propagation being analysed beforehand, making sure that the signal transmission works at its best. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129756723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rani, S. A. Abu Bakar, M. Hashim, A. Harun, Z. Razlan, W. K. Wan, I. Zunaidi, I. Ibrahim, M. Afendi, N. Efi, Y. Ahmad, M. Dalib, S.S. Mat Rudin
This study uses a simulation of primary accident to investigate the scene barrier effects on vehicle deceleration rate in the suburban area to assess driver behaviour. Several conditions were designed and experimented to determine the capability of scene barrier, which included free flow traffic without an accident, an accident without scene barrier and an accident with scene barrier. The vehicle deceleration rate was investigated by collecting speed-time data in normal traffic zone and rubbernecking zone. Results found that the average vehicle deceleration rate reached as high as - 1.93 km/h/s in rubbernecking zone compared to normal traffic zone (as high as - 0.49 km/h/s) especially when an accident was simulated without the scene barrier. Introduction of scene barrier during the simulated accident improved traffic flow and reduced rubbernecking phenomena by improving the average vehicle deceleration rate in rubbernecking zone by up to 43.0 %. However, sudden deceleration cannot be totally eliminated during the simulated accident with the scene barrier due to driver behaviour. For optimization of braking time during a primary accident, a study of the algorithm of Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system is necessary.
{"title":"Scene Barrier Effects on Vehicle Deceleration Rate during Primary Accident in a Suburban Area","authors":"M. Rani, S. A. Abu Bakar, M. Hashim, A. Harun, Z. Razlan, W. K. Wan, I. Zunaidi, I. Ibrahim, M. Afendi, N. Efi, Y. Ahmad, M. Dalib, S.S. Mat Rudin","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v2i3.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v2i3.98","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This study uses a simulation of primary accident to investigate the scene barrier effects on vehicle deceleration rate in the suburban area to assess driver behaviour. Several conditions were designed and experimented to determine the capability of scene barrier, which included free flow traffic without an accident, an accident without scene barrier and an accident with scene barrier. The vehicle deceleration rate was investigated by collecting speed-time data in normal traffic zone and rubbernecking zone. Results found that the average vehicle deceleration rate reached as high as - 1.93 km/h/s in rubbernecking zone compared to normal traffic zone (as high as - 0.49 km/h/s) especially when an accident was simulated without the scene barrier. Introduction of scene barrier during the simulated accident improved traffic flow and reduced rubbernecking phenomena by improving the average vehicle deceleration rate in rubbernecking zone by up to 43.0 %. However, sudden deceleration cannot be totally eliminated during the simulated accident with the scene barrier due to driver behaviour. For optimization of braking time during a primary accident, a study of the algorithm of Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system is necessary. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129838009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rani, S. A. Abu Bakar, M. Hashim, A. Harun, Z. Razlan, W. K. Wan, I. Zunaidi, I. Ibrahim, M. Afendi, N. Efi, M. Dalib, S.S. Mat Rudin
An experimental study of the brake-application time of Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system considering the primary accident in an urban area was proposed. Since the functionality of the brake-application time is varied between manufacturers and models, the brake-application time of AEB system must be verified based on driving behaviour in Malaysia. A primary accident was simulated to acquire vehicle deceleration rate in real condition by driving an ego vehicle at a different set of vehicle speeds. The study is focussed on the urban roads in the north region of West Malaysia, i.e. Penang. As a benchmark in this study, the brake-application time (2.6 s) introduced by Mercedes-Benz in the PRE-SAFE® Brakes technology was referred. A new braking permission time was proposed by calculating a minimum deceleration distance and Time-to-Collison (TTC) confirmation time required to brake based on maximum deceleration when a primary accident was simulated. It was found that the brake-application time recommended for the AEB system, specifically AEB City conveys the real driving condition of Penang when a primary accident happens in the urban area. To have a smooth braking and an optimum braking performance during a primary accident, the Forward Collision Warning (FCW) should be activated at TTC ≤ 4.6 s. The partial braking (PB) should be activated automatically when the TTC is approximately 2.9 s. While the automated full braking (FB) phase should begin when the TTC reaches 1.1 s.
{"title":"Calculating the Brake-Application Time of AEB System by Considering Maximum Deceleration Rate during a Primary Accident in Penang's Urban Road","authors":"M. Rani, S. A. Abu Bakar, M. Hashim, A. Harun, Z. Razlan, W. K. Wan, I. Zunaidi, I. Ibrahim, M. Afendi, N. Efi, M. Dalib, S.S. Mat Rudin","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v3i3.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i3.130","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000An experimental study of the brake-application time of Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system considering the primary accident in an urban area was proposed. Since the functionality of the brake-application time is varied between manufacturers and models, the brake-application time of AEB system must be verified based on driving behaviour in Malaysia. A primary accident was simulated to acquire vehicle deceleration rate in real condition by driving an ego vehicle at a different set of vehicle speeds. The study is focussed on the urban roads in the north region of West Malaysia, i.e. Penang. As a benchmark in this study, the brake-application time (2.6 s) introduced by Mercedes-Benz in the PRE-SAFE® Brakes technology was referred. A new braking permission time was proposed by calculating a minimum deceleration distance and Time-to-Collison (TTC) confirmation time required to brake based on maximum deceleration when a primary accident was simulated. It was found that the brake-application time recommended for the AEB system, specifically AEB City conveys the real driving condition of Penang when a primary accident happens in the urban area. To have a smooth braking and an optimum braking performance during a primary accident, the Forward Collision Warning (FCW) should be activated at TTC ≤ 4.6 s. The partial braking (PB) should be activated automatically when the TTC is approximately 2.9 s. While the automated full braking (FB) phase should begin when the TTC reaches 1.1 s. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115141711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing an effective e-learning program is a great challenge since there are several tools, technologies and approaches to be considered. Industry pioneers mainly agree that e-learning will continue to become a driving force in the business sector; but apart from the many issues in designing and developing such a program, the industry is also faced with the challenges in overcoming other problems which will be discussed in this article.
{"title":"The Key Challenges of Implementing E-Learning in Engineering Training Programs","authors":"S. Yahaya","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v2i3.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v2i3.100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Developing an effective e-learning program is a great challenge since there are several tools, technologies and approaches to be considered. Industry pioneers mainly agree that e-learning will continue to become a driving force in the business sector; but apart from the many issues in designing and developing such a program, the industry is also faced with the challenges in overcoming other problems which will be discussed in this article. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125738850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The capability and limitations of car drivers or motorcyclists are believed to change over time as a response to external and internal triggers. As a fact, studies regarding behaviour of young motorcyclists from developing countries are very rare while motorcyclists from developed and developing are believed as different. This study aims to explore the change of behavior of young motorcyclists in committing traffic violations in urban areas from experience in developing countries. Analyses employed datasets collected using questionnaire survey from Bandung, Indonesia from two periods, namely 2010 and 2017. Comparison analyses were completed to compare traffic violations attributes between the two datasets. Two causal models from two data collections were estimated using structural equation modelling to analyse the influencing factors to traffic violations as well as to analyse the relationships of influencing factors, characteristics of motorcyclist, and type of violations. Between the two datasets it is found the difference of the type of violations which implies the change of attitudes in committing traffic violations, while the change of causal relationships is not found in the models. This study confirms the flexibility of behavior change in riding motorcycles between young motorcyclists, while relationships among constructs seem more stable.
{"title":"A Longitudinal Analysis of Traffic-Violation Behaviours among Two Groups of Motorcyclist in Bandung, Indonesia","authors":"T. B. Joewono, S.D. Legi, A. Tarigan","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v3i2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i2.119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The capability and limitations of car drivers or motorcyclists are believed to change over time as a response to external and internal triggers. As a fact, studies regarding behaviour of young motorcyclists from developing countries are very rare while motorcyclists from developed and developing are believed as different. This study aims to explore the change of behavior of young motorcyclists in committing traffic violations in urban areas from experience in developing countries. Analyses employed datasets collected using questionnaire survey from Bandung, Indonesia from two periods, namely 2010 and 2017. Comparison analyses were completed to compare traffic violations attributes between the two datasets. Two causal models from two data collections were estimated using structural equation modelling to analyse the influencing factors to traffic violations as well as to analyse the relationships of influencing factors, characteristics of motorcyclist, and type of violations. Between the two datasets it is found the difference of the type of violations which implies the change of attitudes in committing traffic violations, while the change of causal relationships is not found in the models. This study confirms the flexibility of behavior change in riding motorcycles between young motorcyclists, while relationships among constructs seem more stable. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128024652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. F. Paiman, Y. Ahmad, N. Borhan, K. A. Abu Kassim, S. Ishak
The World Health Organization (WHO) has consistently recommended that all countries regardless of their income add the requirement for Child Restraint System (CRS) to their traffic regulations in order to promote road safety. Malaysia is adopting the CRS regulation in 2020. This paper aims to discuss the readiness and mapping of the roadmap towards the implementation of the law. In a temporal view of road crashes, CRS was part of 'during-crash' passive safety components i.e. to provide protection during the crash impact phase. This analysis includes the CRS benefits and issues, related road safety strategic programmes, the current legal framework, and local research findings based on observational studies. CRS usage and acceptance are on the rise, although still at a nascent stage. This situation can be considered as 'below satisfactory compliance level', hence a more inclusive solution is needed, including the introduction of technology, to influence or compel parents to ensure their children are always secured by CRS while on the road.
{"title":"Child Occupant Safety: Towards Implementation of Child Restraint System Law in Malaysia","authors":"N. F. Paiman, Y. Ahmad, N. Borhan, K. A. Abu Kassim, S. Ishak","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v3i3.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i3.132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The World Health Organization (WHO) has consistently recommended that all countries regardless of their income add the requirement for Child Restraint System (CRS) to their traffic regulations in order to promote road safety. Malaysia is adopting the CRS regulation in 2020. This paper aims to discuss the readiness and mapping of the roadmap towards the implementation of the law. In a temporal view of road crashes, CRS was part of 'during-crash' passive safety components i.e. to provide protection during the crash impact phase. This analysis includes the CRS benefits and issues, related road safety strategic programmes, the current legal framework, and local research findings based on observational studies. CRS usage and acceptance are on the rise, although still at a nascent stage. This situation can be considered as 'below satisfactory compliance level', hence a more inclusive solution is needed, including the introduction of technology, to influence or compel parents to ensure their children are always secured by CRS while on the road. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124350195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. H. Mokhtar, L. Hamzah, H. Mamat, M. Nor, F.A. Munir
The Autonomous Emergency Brake (AEB) is a part of autonomous vehicle technologies and the technology was developed to reduce human errors that lead to a road accident. This survey investigates the priority factor influencing the public in acquiring vehicles with the AEB system. In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework was used to determine the public’s rating of importance of the availability of the AEB system in their vehicles. Cronbach’s alpha was used to check for reliability of survey items. With a score of 0.8, it suggested that the items had relatively high internal consistency. The results show that the top factors that influence public interest in having vehicle with AEB are the reduction of the severity of injury and crashes.
{"title":"Priority Factor Influencing Public Interest in Owning Vehicle with AEB System","authors":"N. H. Mokhtar, L. Hamzah, H. Mamat, M. Nor, F.A. Munir","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v3i2.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i2.114","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Autonomous Emergency Brake (AEB) is a part of autonomous vehicle technologies and the technology was developed to reduce human errors that lead to a road accident. This survey investigates the priority factor influencing the public in acquiring vehicles with the AEB system. In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework was used to determine the public’s rating of importance of the availability of the AEB system in their vehicles. Cronbach’s alpha was used to check for reliability of survey items. With a score of 0.8, it suggested that the items had relatively high internal consistency. The results show that the top factors that influence public interest in having vehicle with AEB are the reduction of the severity of injury and crashes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"437 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122880080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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