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2013 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report最新文献

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(Late) Essential ingredients for modeling of hot-carrier degradation in ultra-scaled MOSFETs (后期)超大尺度mosfet中热载子降解建模的基本成分
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804168
S. Tyaginov, M. Bina, J. Franco, D. Osintsev, Y. Wimmer, B. Kaczer, T. Grasser
We present a novel approach to hot-carrier degradation (HCD) simulation, which for the first time considers and incorporates mechanisms crucial for HCD. First, two main pathways of Si-H bond dissociation, namely bond-breakage triggered by a single hot carrier and induced by multivibrational bond excitation, are combined and considered consistently. Second, we show how drastically electron-electron scattering affects the whole HCD picture. Furthermore, dispersion of the activation energy of bond dissociation substantially changes defect generation rates. Finally, the interaction between the electric field and the dipole moment of the bond leads to interface states created near the source end of the channel. To demonstrate the importance of all these peculiarities we use ultra-scaled n-MOSFETs with a channel gate of 65 nm.
我们提出了一种新的热载流子降解(HCD)模拟方法,该方法首次考虑并结合了对HCD至关重要的机制。首先,将单热载流子引发的键断裂和多振动激发诱导的键断裂两种主要的Si-H键解离途径结合起来,并进行了一致的考虑。其次,我们展示了电子-电子散射如何剧烈地影响整个HCD图像。此外,键解离活化能的分散大大改变了缺陷的产生率。最后,电场和键的偶极矩之间的相互作用导致在通道源端附近产生界面态。为了证明所有这些特性的重要性,我们使用了65纳米沟道栅极的超尺度n- mosfet。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of reliability of single and stacked high-k structures of charge trapping memories 电荷捕获存储器的单和堆叠高k结构可靠性比较
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804159
C. Sun, Lifang Liu, Zhigang Zhang, L. Pan
High-k dielectrics are candidate materials for the charge trapping layer of charge trapping memory devices. The use of this material allows to obtain a larger memory window and better retention performance. We investigate charge trapping memory capacitors with single or stacked high-K structures. Improved memory windows can be achieved by adopting stacked high-k films as charge trapping layers. However, the data retention characteristics of stacked structures are degraded with respect to the ones of single-layer high-k structures.
高k介电体是电荷捕获存储器中电荷捕获层的候选材料。使用这种材料可以获得更大的记忆窗口和更好的保留性能。我们研究了单高k结构和堆叠高k结构的电荷捕获存储电容器。采用堆叠的高k薄膜作为电荷捕获层可以改善记忆窗口。然而,与单层高k结构相比,堆叠结构的数据保留特性有所下降。
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引用次数: 1
Drift compensating effect during hot-carrier degradation of 130nm technology dual gate oxide P-channel transistors 130nm工艺双栅氧化物p沟道晶体管热载流子降解过程中的漂移补偿效应
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804162
G. Rott, H. Nielen, H. Reisinger, W. Gustin, S. Tyaginov, Tibor Grassersstrae
We present hot-carrier measurement results on a 130nm dual gate oxide MOS transistor technology node which is used for automotive and analog applications with a nominal voltage of 3.3V. Transistors of several geometries have been stressed at various gate and drain voltage combinations at room and elevated (125°C) temperatures. The results show two main degradation effects with one drift type (DIsub, max) close to the traditional hot-carrier degradation worst-case condition and another (DΨ, max) for Vds = Vgs. Both effects compensate the drift after a specific stress time. The drifts and their compensation are clearly observable by analyzing the change of the substrate current characteristics over stress time. In the literature several mechanisms for hot-carrier degradation have been reported. The first effect is related to the bond dissociation caused by a single high energetic carrier while the second one is due to the multiple vibrational excitation of the bond by several “colder” carriers. The results underline the importance of that approach and provide a benchmark for device degradation simulations due to the good separability of the observed effects. Long term stress data show that even for low Vgs the drift type DIsub, max will be compensated by DΨ, max.
我们介绍了一种用于汽车和模拟应用的130nm双栅氧化物MOS晶体管技术节点的热载子测量结果,其标称电压为3.3V。几种几何形状的晶体管在室温和升高温度(125°C)下的各种栅极和漏极电压组合下受到应力。结果显示了两种主要的降解效应,一种漂移类型(DIsub, max)接近传统的热载流子降解最坏情况,另一种漂移类型(DΨ, max)接近Vds = Vgs。在特定的应力时间后,这两种效应都会补偿漂移。通过分析衬底电流特性随应力时间的变化,可以清楚地观察到漂移及其补偿。在文献中已经报道了几种热载流子降解的机制。第一种效应与单个高能量载流子引起的键解离有关,第二种效应是由于几个“较冷”载流子对键的多重振动激发引起的。结果强调了该方法的重要性,并由于观察到的效果具有良好的可分离性,为器件退化模拟提供了基准。长期应力数据表明,即使对于低Vgs漂移型DIsub, max也会被DΨ, max补偿。
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引用次数: 6
A unified model for AC bias temperature instability 交流偏置温度不稳定性的统一模型
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804164
G. Wirth, J. Franco, B. Kaczer
Usually AC Bias Temperature Instability is modeled as consisting of a recoverable and a permanent component, assuming these components originate from different physical mechanisms. In this work we introduce a model based on charge trapping and detrapping that can properly account for both components. Under switching bias (AC stress), fast traps are able to follow the bias point change, while slow traps act according to an equivalent time constant, not being able to follow the bias point change. We present an extension to our previous model to properly account for these effects, and we provide a simple compact model to help circuit designers to cope with both components of BTI due to charge trapping. Model is validated by comparison to experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations.
通常将交流偏置温度不稳定性建模为可恢复成分和永久成分,假设这些成分来自不同的物理机制。在这项工作中,我们引入了一个基于电荷捕获和去捕获的模型,可以适当地考虑这两个组成部分。在开关偏置(交流应力)下,快速陷阱能够跟随偏置点的变化,而慢陷阱根据等效时间常数起作用,不能跟随偏置点的变化。我们对之前的模型进行了扩展,以适当地考虑这些影响,并提供了一个简单的紧凑模型,以帮助电路设计者应对由于电荷捕获而导致的BTI的两个组件。通过与实验数据和蒙特卡罗模拟的比较,验证了模型的正确性。
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引用次数: 2
High voltage PMOS FET NBTI results and mechanism 高压PMOS FET NBTI结果及机理
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804182
J. Jia, Patty Liu, Fengliang Xue, Jon Tien, Alex Cai, F. Dhaoui, P. Singaraju, F. Hawley, J. Mccollum
We present a study on NBTI induced device degradation and mechanism for a high voltage PMOS FET. This device is used in erasing and programming a floating-gate Flash based FPGA array fabricated with a 65nm embedded process. NBTI induced device degradation has attracted a lot of attention and becomes the major limitation of logic PMOS reliability. Unlike logic devices which operate at high frequencies, program and erase of Flash cells are operated at a much lower frequency. Erase time is typically a few seconds per cycle, thus, in our study NBTI stress is done in a DC mode or a slow AC mode. In this case some device degradation gets recovered and a longer life time has been seen than logic applications. We have performed NBTI stress tests with different biases and at different temperatures. Life time model parameters, for example, voltage acceleration factor and Ea were obtained from the tested data. NBTI device life time was derived for erase conditions. A 50 times margin in life time was seen for our baseline process based on DC stress data. Longer AC life time is seen due to recovery of device degradation. This allows even more margin for the real operation. Interface trap and positive charge contributions to the observed Vt shift were separated from a recovery study. It is observed that interface traps can be recovered either partially or wholly depending on the recovery temperature. Positive charges can only be partially recovered at positive gate biases.
本文研究了NBTI诱导的高压PMOS场效应管器件退化及其机理。该器件用于用65nm嵌入式工艺制作的基于浮动门Flash的FPGA阵列的擦除和编程。NBTI引起的器件退化引起了人们的广泛关注,并成为限制逻辑PMOS可靠性的主要因素。与工作在高频的逻辑器件不同,闪存单元的编程和擦除工作在一个低得多的频率。擦除时间通常为每个周期几秒钟,因此,在我们的研究中,NBTI应力是在直流模式或慢速交流模式下进行的。在这种情况下,一些设备退化得到恢复,并且比逻辑应用程序的寿命更长。我们在不同的偏差和不同的温度下进行了NBTI压力测试。从试验数据中得到了寿命模型参数,如电压加速因子和Ea。在擦除条件下,推导出NBTI器件寿命。根据直流应力数据,我们的基线工艺的寿命延长了50倍。由于设备退化的恢复,交流电寿命更长。这为实际操作提供了更大的余地。界面陷阱和正电荷对观察到的Vt位移的贡献从恢复研究中分离出来。观察到界面陷阱可以部分或全部恢复,取决于恢复温度。正电荷只能在正栅极偏置处部分恢复。
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引用次数: 2
Overlap design for higher tungsten via robustness in AlCu metallizations 通过铝铜金属化的稳健性实现高钨的重叠设计
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804178
J. Kludt, K. Weide-Zaage, M. Ackermann, V. Hein
Due to the miniaturization process of the CMOS components metallization structures are becoming more and more complex. Better knowledge to improve via robustness for high current applications is needed. Geometry changes can have a big effect on the physical behaviour. For higher robust metallization systems it is necessary to learn more about overlap design to meet the most economic layout. Slotted high current line layouts do not allow the use of big via areas. Furthermore the number of vias increases the resistance. Investigations have shown the existence of an optimal overlap.
由于CMOS元件的小型化进程,金属化结构变得越来越复杂。需要更好的知识来提高高电流应用程序的鲁棒性。几何变化会对物理行为产生很大的影响。对于高强度的金属化系统,有必要了解更多的重叠设计,以满足最经济的布局。开槽高电流线路布局不允许使用大的过孔区域。此外,通孔的数量增加了阻力。调查表明存在最佳重叠。
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引用次数: 2
New insight on the frequency dependence of TDDB in high-k/metal gate stacks 高k/金属栅极堆叠中TDDB频率依赖性的新认识
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804142
A. Bezza, M. Rafik, D. Roy, X. Federspiel, P. Mora, G. Ghibaudo
This paper deals with the oxide breakdown (BD) under positive gate voltage in nMOS Devices. First, bulk current is shown to be more sensitive than gate current for breakdown event detection. Then, since test interruption is shown to induce possible error in TBD evaluation, a methodology with an on the fly detection of breakdown is proposed for both DC and AC stresses. Finally, a discussion on the impact of charge trapping/detrapping is opened.
本文研究了nMOS器件在正栅电压下的氧化物击穿问题。首先,对于击穿事件检测,体电流比栅极电流更敏感。然后,由于测试中断被证明会在TBD评估中引起可能的误差,因此提出了一种针对直流和交流应力的动态击穿检测方法。最后,讨论了电荷捕获/去捕获的影响。
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引用次数: 7
Effects of gate stress evaluated using low frequency noise measurements in GaN on Si HEMTs 利用GaN中的低频噪声测量评估栅极应力对Si hemt的影响
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804174
M. Masuda, D. Derickson, T. Weatherford, M. Porter
Change in the drain and gate current low frequency noise (LFN) spectra of GaN-on-Si high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is measured before and after the application of electric field stressing on the gate. Extracted Hooge parameters are found to be consistent with previous research. RTS noise spectra are found to appear superimposed upon the 1/f spectrum after device stress. Time constants of the RTS spectra are characterized over a range of temperatures and voltages. It is found that RTS noise time constants change with In(τrts) ∝ 1/kT allowing trap activation energies to be calculated. Electron trapping mechanisms responsible for the modification of the RTS spectra are discussed in connection with degradation processes induced by field dependent stressing.
测量了在栅极施加电场应力前后GaN-on-Si高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMTs)漏极和栅极电流低频噪声(LFN)谱的变化。提取的Hooge参数与前人的研究结果一致。发现器件应力后的1/f谱上叠加有RTS噪声谱。RTS光谱的时间常数在温度和电压范围内表征。发现RTS噪声时间常数随In(τrts)∝1/kT而变化,从而可以计算出陷阱的活化能。讨论了由场相关应力引起的降解过程中导致RTS谱变化的电子捕获机制。
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引用次数: 0
Deformation of octahedron slotted metal tracks 八面体开槽金属轨道的变形
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804184
J. Kludt, K. Weide-Zaage, M. Ackermann, V. Hein
The advantage of an increased lifetime of slotted metal tracks for the use in integrated circuits has already been shown. A benefit for slotted metal track geometries especially for thick metal tracks under DC and DC pulsed stress test conditions could be confirmed by lifetime measurements. To achieve a higher current capability these metal tracks, also known as “power metals”, were used in upper metallization layers. This new design concept shows a better robustness towards electromigration in comparison to conventional wide unslotted metal tracks. A new concept deals with the use of slotted geometries in lower metallization layers. Simulations show a decrease of von Mises stress in comparison to unslotted metal tracks. This behaviour can reduce the current shift of active and passive devices due to the imposed stress of the lower metallization layers.
在集成电路中使用的开槽金属轨道的寿命延长的优势已经被证明。在直流和直流脉冲应力测试条件下,开槽金属轨道几何形状的优点,特别是厚金属轨道,可以通过寿命测量来证实。为了获得更高的电流能力,这些金属轨道,也被称为“动力金属”,被用于上层金属化层。与传统的宽无槽金属轨道相比,这种新的设计概念对电迁移具有更好的稳健性。一个新的概念是在较低的金属化层中使用开槽几何形状。模拟表明,与未开槽的金属轨道相比,von Mises应力减小。这种行为可以减少由于较低金属化层施加的应力而导致的有源和无源器件的电流移位。
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引用次数: 6
(Late) Reliability and performance considerations for NMOSFET pass gates in FPGA applications (后期)FPGA应用中NMOSFET通闸的可靠性和性能考虑
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/IIRW.2013.6804167
B. Kaczer, C. Chen, J. Watt, K. Chanda, P. Weckx, M. T. Luque, G. Groeseneken, T. Grasser
The NMOSFET-only pass gates used in some digital CMOS applications, such as the Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), are apparently vulnerable to Positive Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI). Here we discuss the impact of PBTI frequency and workload on high-k/metal-gate NMOSFETs in terms of Capture-and-Emission Time (CET) maps and quantitatively explain the degradation of our test circuit. From individual trapping events in deeply-scaled NMOSFETs we then project PBTI distributions at 10 years. Finally, we show that at increased supply voltage the pass gate speed degradation is outweighed by signal transfer speedup, resulting in a net performance improvement.
在一些数字CMOS应用中,如现场可编程门阵列(fpga)中使用的仅nmosfet通栅极显然容易受到正偏置温度不稳定性(PBTI)的影响。在这里,我们从捕获和发射时间(CET)图的角度讨论了PBTI频率和工作负载对高k/金属栅极nmosfet的影响,并定量解释了我们测试电路的退化。从深度尺度nmosfet中的单个捕获事件,我们预测了10年的PBTI分布。最后,我们表明,在增加的电源电压下,通栅极速度下降被信号传输加速所抵消,从而导致净性能改善。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2013 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report
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