Construction and Building Materials最新文献

Time-dependent rheological behavior of cementitious pastes incorporating carbonated steel slag as a supplementary cementitious material under controlled shear mixing 以碳化钢渣为补充胶凝材料的胶凝体在受控剪切搅拌下随时间变化的流变特性

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145893

Ning Li, Cise Unluer

Cement production contributes around 8% of global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, underscoring the need for alternative low-carbon binders. Carbonated steel slag addresses this challenge by both sequestering CO₂ and enhancing its reactivity as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). However, its influence on fresh-state rheology under continuous shear, critical for processing and placement, remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the time-dependent rheological behavior of cement pastes incorporating 20 wt% steel slag powder subjected to different carbonation durations (3 h, 1 d, 28 d). Flow curves, thixotropy, yield stress, viscosity, and rheological index (c/μ) were evaluated and linked to hydration heat release. Results show that fresh-state rheology was governed by reversible flocculation at early ages, giving rise to high thixotropy and strong shear-thinning, and by irreversible hydration-induced structuration at later times, increasing yield stress while reducing thixotropy. Carbonation altered slag mineralogy by consuming reactive Ca-bearing phases and forming stable carbonates, particularly fibrous aragonite, which increased interparticle friction and altered hydration kinetics. Short-term carbonation enhanced reactivity and sustained higher thixotropy, whereas prolonged carbonation reduced hydration peaks and weakened shear-thinning. Appropriate carbonation durations can therefore tailor workability, shear sensitivity, and processing robustness for ready-mix transport, pumping, extrusion, and cast-in-place applications.

水泥生产约占全球人为二氧化碳排放量的8%，这凸显了对替代低碳粘合剂的需求。作为一种补充胶凝材料（SCM），碳化钢渣既可以隔离二氧化碳，又可以提高其反应性，从而解决了这一挑战。然而，它对连续剪切下的新鲜状态流变学的影响，对加工和放置至关重要，在很大程度上仍未被探索。本研究考察了含20% wt%钢渣粉的水泥浆在不同碳化时间（3 h, 1 d, 28 d）下随时间变化的流变行为。评估了流动曲线、触变性、屈服应力、粘度和流变指数（c/μ），并将其与水化热释放联系起来。结果表明：新鲜状态流变学在早期受可逆絮凝控制，产生高触变性和强剪切减薄；在后期受不可逆水化诱导的结构控制，增加屈服应力，降低触变性。碳化作用通过消耗活性含钙相，形成稳定的碳酸盐，特别是纤维文石，改变了矿渣的矿物学，增加了颗粒间的摩擦，改变了水化动力学。短期碳化作用增强了反应性，保持了较高的触变性，而长期碳化作用降低了水化峰，减弱了剪切减薄。因此，适当的碳化时间可以为预拌料输送、泵送、挤压和现浇应用量身定制可加工性、剪切敏感性和加工稳定期。

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引用次数: 0

Magnetic field–assisted pre-carbonation of waste concrete fines: Crystal regulation mechanism and performance enhancement in cementitious materials 废混凝土微细粒的磁场辅助预碳化：胶凝材料的晶体调节机制和性能增强

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145883

Peiyuan Chen , Qingru Xu , Jiajia Li , Yi Fang , Zhiyuan Yang , Jin Li , Jingshu Shao , Peng Qian , Jialai Wang

The effective reutilization of waste concrete fines (WCF) is crucial for sustainable and green construction; nevertheless, its inherently low reactivity and inadequate performance in cement-based systems hinder its broader utilization. This study proposes a magnetic field–assisted pre-carbonation technique (100–500mT) aimed at enhancing the reactivity and microstructural characteristics of WCF with a particle size below 75 μm. During pre-carbonation, the magnetic field modulates ion migration, nucleation kinetics, and the electrical double layer at the solid–liquid interface, thereby influencing the crystallization behavior of CaCO₃. Experimental results indicate that magnetic field treatment significantly influences the microstructural development and phase composition of pre-carbonation products obtained from WCF. Specifically, magnetic field application led to a significant reduction of average particle size in the pre-carbonation products, accompanied by a notable increase in the content of submicron CaCO₃ particles. Simultaneously, the magnetic fields inhibited the CaCO₃ crystalline transformation and facilitated the generation of a metastable aragonite phase. Specimens subjected to magnetic field pre-carbonization showed a significant reduction in porosity compared to the control group without magnetic field treatment, accompanied by an increase in compressive strength of approximately 3.61%–17.98% at 28d. Furthermore, the presence of polymorphic CaCO₃ contributes to enhanced microstructural densification. When exposed to a 500 mT magnetic field, the mean elastic modulus of pre-carbonated mortars increased by approximately 10.73% relative to the control group. This study provides theoretical support and a technical pathway for the high-value utilization of construction waste and the development of low-carbon cementitious materials.

废细粒混凝土的有效再利用是实现可持续绿色建筑的关键。然而，其固有的低反应性和在水泥基体系中的性能不足阻碍了其更广泛的应用。本研究提出了一种磁场辅助预碳化技术（100-500mT），旨在提高粒径小于75 μm的WCF的反应性和微观结构特征。在预碳化过程中，磁场调节离子迁移、成核动力学和固液界面的双电层，从而影响CaCO3的结晶行为。实验结果表明，磁场处理对WCF预碳化产物的微观组织发育和物相组成有显著影响。具体而言，磁场作用导致预碳化产物的平均粒径显著降低，同时亚微米级CaCO3颗粒含量显著增加。同时，磁场抑制了CaCO3晶体的转变，促进了亚稳文石相的生成。与未进行磁场处理的对照组相比，经磁场预碳化处理的试样孔隙率显著降低，抗压强度在28d时提高了约3.61%-17.98%。此外，多态CaCO3的存在有助于增强微观结构致密化。当暴露在500 mT的磁场中时，预碳化砂浆的平均弹性模量相对于对照组增加了约10.73%。本研究为建筑垃圾高价值利用和低碳胶凝材料的开发提供了理论支持和技术途径。

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引用次数: 0

Exploration of in-situ flexible-embedded rebars integrated 3D printed linings (IFR-3DPL) 原位柔性预埋钢筋集成3D打印衬里（IFR-3DPL）的探索

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145917

Junxiang Huang , Junchun Yang , Qi Liu , Jiale Wu , Guofang Gong , Huayong Yang , Kai Ren , Dong Han

Extrusion-based 3D concrete printing (3DCP), extensively applied in constructing complex concrete structures for simplifying production process and enhancing construction efficiency, has yet to be analyzed for its feasibility in the in-situ fabrication of the tunnel linings. This study thus aims to propose an in-situ flexible-embedded rebars integrated 3D printed linings (IFR-3DPL) method, achieving process synergy between the rebar placement and the 3D printed linings. Relations between critical process parameters and the mechanical properties of IFR-3DPL were investigated, including rebar diameter, coating existence, rebar anchorage length, and the printing path of the linings. The results reveal that IFR-3DPL printed with cross-path, featuring coated rebars of 6 mm diameter and 30 mm anchorage length, exhibits a maximum improvement in bond strength of over 95%. Simultaneously, IFR-3DPL printed along the rebar placement direction, featuring coated rebars of the same diameter but 100 mm anchorage length, exhibits the optimal flexural strength. These enhancements in mechanical properties demonstrate the huge potential of applying 3DCP in the future infrastructure industry.

基于挤压的3D混凝土打印（3DCP）广泛应用于复杂混凝土结构的施工，以简化生产工艺，提高施工效率，但其在隧道衬砌原位制造中的可行性尚待分析。因此，本研究旨在提出一种原位柔性嵌入钢筋集成3D打印衬里（IFR-3DPL）方法，实现钢筋放置和3D打印衬里之间的工艺协同。研究了钢筋直径、涂层存在度、钢筋锚固长度、衬里印刷路径等关键工艺参数与IFR-3DPL力学性能的关系。结果表明，采用交叉路径打印的IFR-3DPL，其涂覆钢筋直径为6 mm，锚固长度为30 mm，最大可提高95%以上的粘结强度。同时，沿钢筋放置方向打印的IFR-3DPL具有相同直径但锚固长度为100 mm的涂层钢筋，具有最佳的抗弯强度。这些机械性能的增强显示了3d打印在未来基础设施行业的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating durability in concrete mix design for enhanced structural performance and remaining life estimation 在混凝土配合比设计中整合耐久性，以提高结构性能和剩余寿命估算

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145849

Shivani Sharma , Falak Vats , Dhiman Basu

The effect of durability on reinforced concrete (RC) is often inferred indirectly, as variation of compressive strength between less durable concrete (LDC) and more durable concrete (MDC) conceals the true influence of durability. To isolate durability as the key parameter, this study presents a framework for capacity-based mix design of MDC, enabling direct comparison with a strength-matched (∼47 MPa) LDC. The framework establishes time-based durability assessments aimed at achieving low chloride diffusivity and high resistivity, ensuring that concrete performs its intended function over its service life. An assumption of uniform corrosion is considered throughout the length of the rebar in this study. A five-storey moment-resisting RC frame is modelled with material properties derived from experiments and codal specifications. Time-dependent degradation is captured through nonlinear static pushover analyses at different ages. The failure criteria are defined based on a significant loss in ductility leading to reduced energy dissipation capacity, with a damage index value reaching 1.0. Results indicate that LDC’s global ductility decreases at a much faster rate in comparison to MDC as age progresses. These results are further supported by a damage index-based analysis. The damage-index-based criterion also offers insights into the optimum content of supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Overall, this study integrates durability and strength in concrete mix design; uses experimental and code/literature-based data to simulate aging effects realistically; conducts a damage index-based analysis; and presents a simplified way to estimate the remaining life of a structure, highlighting the need for more durable and sustainable RC infrastructure.

耐久性对钢筋混凝土（RC）的影响通常是间接推断的，因为较不耐久混凝土（LDC）和较耐久混凝土（MDC）之间的抗压强度变化掩盖了耐久性的真实影响。为了将耐久性作为关键参数，本研究提出了一个基于容量的MDC混合设计框架，可以直接与强度匹配（~ 47 MPa）的LDC进行比较。该框架建立了基于时间的耐久性评估，旨在实现低氯化物扩散率和高电阻率，确保混凝土在其使用寿命内发挥其预期功能。在本研究中，假设钢筋的整个长度都受到均匀腐蚀。一个五层抗弯矩钢筋混凝土框架的模型与材料性能得出的实验和规范。通过不同年龄的非线性静态推覆分析，捕获了随时间变化的退化。以延性显著损失导致耗能能力降低为破坏准则，损伤指标值为1.0。结果表明，随着年龄的增长，与MDC相比，最不发达国家的全球延展性下降的速度要快得多。基于损伤指数的分析进一步支持了这些结果。基于损伤指数的标准也为补充胶凝材料（SCM）的最佳含量提供了见解。总体而言，本研究将耐久性和强度纳入混凝土配合比设计；使用实验和基于代码/文献的数据逼真地模拟老化效果；进行基于损伤指数的分析；并提出了一种简化的方法来估计结构的剩余寿命，强调了对更耐用和可持续的RC基础设施的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Decoupling the multifunctional mechanisms in metakaolin's chloride resistance: A gradient design experimental methodology 偏高岭土抗氯离子多功能机制的解耦：梯度设计实验方法

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145859

Dongshuai Hou , Qi Ding , Xiangfei Meng , Bin Li , Shiyu Sui , Xiaosheng Li , Yue Zhang , Feixiang Chen , Mengmeng Li , Wei Liang , XinPeng Wang

Metakaolin (MK) has gained attention for enhancing the chloride resistance of concrete. However, the multifunctional mechanisms—specifically, the coupled effects of chloride binding capacity, physical adsorption, pozzolanic activity, and physical filling—remain insufficiently understood. To address this, we engineered functionally graded MK and decoupled these complex interactions through systematic experiments. By controlling thermal treatment parameters, we tailored the morphological characteristics and amorphous aluminosilicate phase composition of MK. Through single-effect evaluation, we fabricated functionally graded MK precursors with customized gradients in the three key effect. Subsequently, we investigated multi-mechanism interactions via compressive strength testing and free chloride titration. Our findings reveal that MK’s pozzolanic and filling effects exhibit an antagonistic relationship, while its pozzolanic activity and chloride binding capacity demonstrate synergistic enhancement. Moreover, chemical binding is the dominant mechanism for chloride resistance, followed by the pozzolanic effect. This study provides new insights into decoupling the multifunctionality of SCMs.

偏高岭土因提高混凝土抗氯离子性能而受到广泛关注。然而，其多功能机制——特别是氯化物结合能力、物理吸附、火山灰活性和物理填充的耦合效应——仍未得到充分的了解。为了解决这个问题，我们设计了功能分级的MK，并通过系统实验解耦了这些复杂的相互作用。通过控制热处理参数，定制MK的形态特征和非晶态铝硅酸盐相组成，通过单效应评价，在三个关键效应中制备出具有定制梯度的功能梯度MK前驱体。随后，我们通过抗压强度测试和游离氯滴定研究了多机制相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，MK的火山灰和填充效应呈拮抗关系，而其火山灰活性和氯离子结合能力呈协同增强关系。化学结合是主要的耐氯机制，其次是火山灰效应。本研究为解耦scm的多功能性提供了新的见解。

{"title":"Decoupling the multifunctional mechanisms in metakaolin's chloride resistance: A gradient design experimental methodology","authors":"Dongshuai Hou , Qi Ding , Xiangfei Meng , Bin Li , Shiyu Sui , Xiaosheng Li , Yue Zhang , Feixiang Chen , Mengmeng Li , Wei Liang , XinPeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metakaolin (MK) has gained attention for enhancing the chloride resistance of concrete. However, the multifunctional mechanisms—specifically, the coupled effects of chloride binding capacity, physical adsorption, pozzolanic activity, and physical filling—remain insufficiently understood. To address this, we engineered functionally graded MK and decoupled these complex interactions through systematic experiments. By controlling thermal treatment parameters, we tailored the morphological characteristics and amorphous aluminosilicate phase composition of MK. Through single-effect evaluation, we fabricated functionally graded MK precursors with customized gradients in the three key effect. Subsequently, we investigated multi-mechanism interactions via compressive strength testing and free chloride titration. Our findings reveal that MK’s pozzolanic and filling effects exhibit an antagonistic relationship, while its pozzolanic activity and chloride binding capacity demonstrate synergistic enhancement. Moreover, chemical binding is the dominant mechanism for chloride resistance, followed by the pozzolanic effect. This study provides new insights into decoupling the multifunctionality of SCMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"519 ","pages":"Article 145859"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing hydration activity of ternesite in sulphoaluminate cement clinker system through CO2 activation 通过CO2活化提高硫铝酸盐水泥熟料体系中铁镁石的水化活性

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145872

Jungang Yuan , Jun Chang , Kai Cui

As a low-calcium mineral, ternesite exhibits a typical low carbon footprint. This study activates the hydration activity of ternesite through CO₂ activation and develops a novel low-carbon cementitious system composed of sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) clinker and carbonated ternesite. The carbonation behavior of ternesite under semi-dry and aqueous conditions was first explored, and the mechanisms underlying the improved hydration and mechanical properties of composite cementitious system were elucidated. The results indicated that compared to semi-dry carbonation, ternesite achieved a higher degree of carbonation through aqueous method. The carbonation products include low-density carbonates, sulfates, and silica gel, which result in a loose and porous structure of carbonated ternesite. Compared to Raw ternesite (RT), semi-dry carbonated ternesite (DCT) and aqueous carbonated ternesite (ACT) further decreased the hydration rate of SAC in nucleation and crystal growth (NG) stage, but strengthened the hydration during the interphase reaction (I) and diffusion (D) stages, resulting in a more gradual and sustained hydration process. Moreover, DCT and ACT further enhanced the 28-day strength of SAC by 15.9% and 34.2%, respectively. The strength enhancement was mainly attributed to the formation and stabilization of ettringite, the regeneration of C-S-H by pozzolanic reaction and the filling effect of silica gel and CaCO₃ particles, which led to the formation of a denser cement matrix. This study offers novel insights for the advancement of new low-carbon cementitious material, achieving a reduction of approximately 7% in CO₂ emission compared to SAC.

作为一种低钙矿物，钙钛矿具有典型的低碳足迹。本研究通过CO2活化活化钛矿水化活性，开发了一种由硫铝酸盐水泥（SAC）熟料和碳化钛矿组成的新型低碳胶凝体系。首次探讨了半干燥和水环境下钛辉石的碳化行为，阐明了复合胶凝体系水化和力学性能改善的机理。结果表明，与半干法碳酸化相比，水法制得的铁氏体碳酸化程度更高。碳化产物包括低密度碳酸盐、硫酸盐和硅胶，这导致碳化钛的疏松和多孔结构。半干燥碳化钛矿（DCT）和含水碳化钛矿（ACT）与生钛矿（RT）相比，在成核和晶体生长（NG）阶段进一步降低了SAC的水化速率，但在相间反应(I)和扩散(D)阶段强化了SAC的水化速率，使其水化过程更加缓慢和持续。此外，DCT和ACT进一步增强了SAC的28天强度，分别为15.9%和34.2%。强度增强的主要原因是钙矾石的形成和稳定、火山灰反应对C-S-H的再生以及硅胶和CaCO3颗粒的填充作用，使得水泥基体的密度增大。这项研究为新型低碳胶凝材料的发展提供了新的见解，与SAC相比，二氧化碳排放量减少了约7%。

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引用次数: 0

Drying shrinkage behavior and prediction model of alkali-activated slag-based concrete based on orthogonal tests 基于正交试验的碱活化渣基混凝土干缩特性及预测模型

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145878

Chen Wu , Peiwei Gao , Fei Geng , Wanlei Zhang , Xiangfei Cheng , Limin Wang , Biao Li

Alkali-activated slag-based concrete (AASC) exhibits pronounced volumetric instability, thereby increasing its susceptibility to cracking. This paper systematically investigates the effects of solution-to-binder ratio (SR), alkali-activator modulus (AM), fly ash (FA) content and calcium oxide-based expansive agent (EA) content on the workability, mechanical properties and drying shrinkage behavior of AASC using an orthogonal experimental design. Range analysis and analysis of variance were employed to determine the optimal mix design for each target performance and to assess the significance of each factor. The mechanisms by which FA and EA affect the hardening and drying shrinkage behavior of AASC are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion porosimetry and internal relative humidity (IRH) monitoring. The results indicate that increases in SR and AM enhance the workability of AASC. Among the SR levels investigated, the 28-day compressive strength peaks at SR = 0.42, whereas the 90-day drying shrinkage is minimized at SR = 0.44. When AM increases from 1 to 1.4, the 28-day compressive strength improves by 15.18%, whereas the 90-day drying shrinkage decreases by 22.63%. Among the four factors, the FA and EA contents exert more pronounced effects on the mechanical properties and drying shrinkage behavior of AASC. The incorporation of FA and EA shifts the pore-size distribution toward larger pores (i.e., increases macroporosity) and delays IRH reduction, thereby reducing mechanical properties but mitigating drying shrinkage. Compared with pure AASC, the mesopore porosities of mixtures containing 45% FA or 9% EA decrease by 19.8% and 33%, respectively. Correspondingly, their 90-day drying shrinkage is reduced by 30.38% and 49.27%. Finally, an age-dependent drying shrinkage prediction model for AASC is developed based on the experimental results and validated against test data, demonstrating good accuracy and applicability. This study provides a theoretical basis for mix-proportion optimization, drying shrinkage mitigation and engineering applications of AASC.

碱活化渣基混凝土（AASC）表现出明显的体积不稳定性，从而增加了其对开裂的敏感性。采用正交试验设计，系统研究了液胶比（SR）、碱活化剂模量（AM）、粉煤灰（FA）含量和氧化钙基膨胀剂（EA）含量对AASC可加工性、力学性能和干燥收缩性能的影响。采用极差分析和方差分析确定各指标性能的最优组合设计，并评估各因素的显著性。采用扫描电镜、x射线衍射、压汞法和内部相对湿度（IRH）监测等方法研究了FA和EA对AASC硬化和干燥收缩行为的影响机制。结果表明，SR和AM的增加提高了AASC的可加工性。在研究的SR水平中，28天抗压强度在SR = 0.42时达到峰值，而90天干燥收缩率在SR = 0.44时最小。当AM由1增加到1.4时，28天抗压强度提高15.18%，而90天干燥收缩率降低22.63%。其中FA和EA含量对AASC的力学性能和干燥收缩性能影响最为显著。FA和EA的掺入使孔隙尺寸分布转向较大的孔隙（即增加宏观孔隙度），并延缓了IRH的还原，从而降低了机械性能，但减轻了干燥收缩。与纯AASC相比，含45% FA和9% EA的混合物的介孔孔隙率分别降低了19.8%和33%。相应的，它们的90天干燥收缩率降低了30.38%和49.27%。最后，基于实验结果建立了AASC随龄期变化的干燥收缩预测模型，并与试验数据进行了验证，证明了该模型具有较好的准确性和适用性。该研究为AASC的配合比优化、干燥收缩减缓及工程应用提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized aggregate particle packing approach for improved interfacial bonding in RAP- based concrete mixtures 优化集料颗粒填充方法以改善RAP基混凝土混合料的界面粘合

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145905

Ritika Kamboj, Solomon Debbarma

This study investigates the influence of aggregate particle packing optimization on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) characteristics and mechanical performance of cement concrete incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates. The proportion of natural aggregates (NA) within the concrete mixture was optimized experimentally, while the aggregates within the RAP-concrete mixtures were optimized using a Taguchi-based approach. Three RAP sources (R1, R2, and R3) were used, with coarse aggregate replacement levels of 20% for R1 and 40% for R2 and 40% for R3, and the mixtures were compared with NA concrete after 7- and 28- days of water curing. The optimized RAP mixtures achieved maximum packing densities of 0.773, 0.743, and 0.775 for R1, R2, and R3, respectively. Mechanical test results showed reductions in compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity for all RAP mixtures. SEM-BSE analysis indicated higher porosity and reduced presence of hydration products within the ITZ of RAP-concrete, while SEM-EDS revealed lower calcium-rich phases compared to NA-concrete. A reduction in ITZ thickness with curing age in RAP-concrete was consistent with delayed but progressive densification. TGA and XRD analyses further suggested delayed hydration and lower bound water content in RAP-concrete compared to NA-concrete. Although particle packing improved the granular structure of RAP mixtures, this improvement did not fully compensate for the reduced mechanical performance observed in RAP-concrete mixtures.

研究了骨料颗粒充填优化对再生沥青路面（RAP）骨料水泥混凝土界面过渡区（ITZ）特性和力学性能的影响。通过实验优化了混凝土混合料中天然骨料（NA）的比例，采用基于田口的方法优化了rap -混凝土混合料中的骨料。采用三种RAP源（R1， R2和R3）， R1的粗骨料替换率为20%，R2为40%，R3为40%，并在水养护7天和28天后与NA混凝土进行比较。优化后的RAP混合物在R1、R2和R3中的最大填充密度分别为0.773、0.743和0.775。力学测试结果表明，所有RAP混合物的抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量均有所降低。SEM-BSE分析表明，与na混凝土相比，rap混凝土的孔隙率更高，水化产物较少，而SEM-EDS显示富钙相较少。在rap -混凝土中，随着养护年龄的增加，ITZ厚度的减少与延迟但渐进的致密化一致。TGA和XRD分析进一步表明，与na混凝土相比，rap混凝土的水化延迟和结合水含量较低。虽然颗粒填充改善了RAP混合料的颗粒结构，但这种改善并不能完全弥补RAP-混凝土混合料力学性能的降低。

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引用次数: 0

Pore structure reconstruction in waste ceramic powder pervious concrete: Rheological and pozzolanic mechanisms 废陶瓷粉透水混凝土的孔隙结构重建：流变学和火山灰机制

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145861

Hui Song , Kaixin Wan , Rongxiang Nie , Huaxin Zhan , Jinwei Yao , Yonggang Lee

Simultaneously optimizing mechanical performance and carbon footprint remains a central challenge in the design of pervious concrete (PC). Waste Ceramic Powder (WCP) provides a promising low-carbon supplementary cementitious material (SCM); however, the micro-mechanisms governing its non-linear strength evolution—characterized by early-age loss and late-age recovery—remain insufficiently understood due to a lack of dynamic, multi-scale evidence. This study elucidates a dual-stage pore structure reconstruction mechanism in WCP-modified PC using rheological testing, non-destructive Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF NMR), and micro-morphological characterization (SEM, XRD, TGA). Results reveal a counter-intuitive "low porosity–low strength" anomaly at early ages (28 d). This is mechanistically governed by rheology-mediated paste redistribution, where increased yield stress creates "thick coatings but starved bonding bridges," compromising effective load-bearing areas despite reduced porosity. At later ages (56–90 d), active pozzolanic reactions between WCP and portlandite (CH) generate secondary C–S–H gels and drive a distinct “one-increase, three-decrease” transformation (i.e., increasing harmless gel pores while simultaneously reducing all harmful pore categories), markedly densifying the matrix. An optimal WCP replacement level of 20% achieves a 90-day compressive strength 15.34% higher than the control while maintaining excellent permeability (>8 mm/s). This work bridges paste rheology, nanoscale pore evolution, and macroscopic structural response, providing a robust scientific paradigm for the design of high-performance, low-carbon PC.

同时优化机械性能和碳足迹仍然是透水混凝土（PC）设计的核心挑战。废陶瓷粉是一种很有前途的低碳补充胶凝材料；然而，由于缺乏动态的、多尺度的证据，控制其非线性强度进化的微观机制——以早期损失和晚期恢复为特征——仍然没有得到充分的理解。本研究通过流变学测试、非破坏性低场核磁共振（LF NMR）和微观形态表征（SEM， XRD， TGA）阐明了wcp改性PC的双阶段孔隙结构重建机制。结果显示在早期（28 d）出现了反直觉的“低孔隙度-低强度”异常。这在机械上是由流变介质介导的膏体再分配控制的，其中屈服应力的增加会产生“厚涂层但缺乏粘合桥”，尽管孔隙率降低，但有效承载面积却受到影响。在后期（56 ~ 90 d）， WCP与波特兰岩（CH）之间的活跃火山灰反应生成次生C-S-H凝胶，并驱动明显的“一增三减”转变（即无害凝胶孔隙增加，同时减少所有有害孔隙类别），显著致密化基质。当WCP替换率为20%时，90天的抗压强度比对照组高15.34%，同时保持良好的渗透性（>8 mm/s）。这项工作将浆料流变学、纳米级孔隙演化和宏观结构响应联系起来，为高性能、低碳PC的设计提供了强有力的科学范式。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and performance evaluation of microcapsules for asphalt fume reduction and deodorant stability enhancement 微胶囊沥青烟尘降除臭稳定性的制备及性能评价

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145908

Canyu Ding , Quantao Liu , Xing Gong , Na Li , Shaopeng Wu

Although conventional organic deodorants can inhibit the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in asphalt, their practical application is limited by high volatility, poor storage stability and difficulty in transporting them over long distances. To address these issues, the deodorant was encapsulated in urea-formaldehyde resin through in-situ polymerization, forming microcapsules that can maintain the stability of the deodorant and release them at the mixing temperature of asphalt. The deodorant-microcapsules were first characterized in terms of their microscopic morphology, particle size, rupture temperature and deodorant-loading capacity. The deodorant-microcapsules were then incorporated into the 70# base asphalt to study their impact on the fundamental properties, storage stability, high, medium and low-temperature rheological behaviors of the modified asphalt. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of the deodorant-microcapsules on VOCs and H₂S emissions from asphalt were explored. Results demonstrated that the microcapsules produced in this study were structurally intact, with uniform size distribution and up to 73.8% deodorant-loading capacity. Deodorant-microcapsules strengthened the intermediate/low-temperature properties of asphalt while slightly weakening its high-temperature properties. Furthermore, the microcapsules effectively reduced both concentration and variety of VOCs released from asphalt, with enhanced inhibitory effects as dosage increased. The optimal dosage of microcapsules was 0.13%. Compared to base asphalt, the deodorized asphalt containing 0.13% microcapsules showed 82.86% and 90.00% reductions in number of chain hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively, with total VOCs concentration and average H₂S concentrations decreasing by 61.84% and 70.06%. This research can provide a novel approach for producing deodorant-asphalt.

虽然传统的有机除臭剂可以抑制沥青中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的排放，但其实际应用受到挥发性高、储存稳定性差和长距离运输困难的限制。为了解决这些问题，通过原位聚合将除臭剂封装在脲醛树脂中，形成微胶囊，微胶囊可以保持除臭剂的稳定性，并在沥青混合温度下释放。首先从微观形貌、颗粒大小、破裂温度和除臭剂装载能力等方面对微胶囊进行了表征。将微胶囊加入到70#基础沥青中，研究其对改性沥青的基本性能、贮存稳定性、高、中、低温流变行为的影响。此外，还探讨了除臭微胶囊对沥青中VOCs和H2S排放的抑制作用。结果表明，制备的微胶囊结构完整，粒径分布均匀，除臭率高达73.8%。除臭微胶囊增强了沥青的中低温性能，但略微削弱了沥青的高温性能。此外，微胶囊可有效降低沥青中挥发性有机化合物的浓度和种类，且抑制作用随用量的增加而增强。微胶囊的最佳用量为0.13%。与基础沥青相比，微胶囊含量0.13%的脱臭沥青中链烃和芳烃的含量分别降低了82.86%和90.00%，总VOCs浓度和平均H2S浓度分别降低了61.84%和70.06%。该研究为脱臭沥青的生产提供了一条新的途径。

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