Construction and Building Materials最新文献_第4页

Evaluation of pore structure, mechanical properties, and sound absorption of composite foamed gypsum

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140852

Junchao Liu , Hui Xie , Chong Wang , Bo Li

The effects of material design parameters (animal protein foaming agent concentration, and white Portland cement content) on the lightweight gypsum composites prepared by combined foaming process (physical and chemical foaming) were investigated in terms of their pore structure, physical property, mechanical property, and sound absorption. The sound absorption coefficient was tested using an impedance tube, and the pore structure was detected using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for the examination of the effect of pore structure parameters on materials’ macroscopic performance. According to analysis results, the animal protein foaming agent concentration crucially affected the performance of lightweight gypsum composites, and the white Portland cement content greatly affected the material’s pore morphology and strength development. When the concentration of the animal protein foaming agent decreased from 20 g/L to 3.3 g/L, the pore walls became thin and incomplete, leading to increased pore connectivity, accordingly resulting in an increment of 19.7 % for the average sound absorption coefficient. The white Portland cement content exerted a larger influence on the material’s mechanical properties than on the sound absorption properties. With the addition of 15.0 wt% white Portland cement, the pore size of the material was refined, and the weighted sound absorption coefficient (α_w) value increased by 50 %. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the distribution of pore size and roundness, and the physical, mechanical, and sound absorption properties of the material.

{"title":"Evaluation of pore structure, mechanical properties, and sound absorption of composite foamed gypsum","authors":"Junchao Liu , Hui Xie , Chong Wang , Bo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of material design parameters (animal protein foaming agent concentration, and white Portland cement content) on the lightweight gypsum composites prepared by combined foaming process (physical and chemical foaming) were investigated in terms of their pore structure, physical property, mechanical property, and sound absorption. The sound absorption coefficient was tested using an impedance tube, and the pore structure was detected using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for the examination of the effect of pore structure parameters on materials’ macroscopic performance. According to analysis results, the animal protein foaming agent concentration crucially affected the performance of lightweight gypsum composites, and the white Portland cement content greatly affected the material’s pore morphology and strength development. When the concentration of the animal protein foaming agent decreased from 20 g/L to 3.3 g/L, the pore walls became thin and incomplete, leading to increased pore connectivity, accordingly resulting in an increment of 19.7 % for the average sound absorption coefficient. The white Portland cement content exerted a larger influence on the material’s mechanical properties than on the sound absorption properties. With the addition of 15.0 wt% white Portland cement, the pore size of the material was refined, and the weighted sound absorption coefficient (α<sub>w</sub>) value increased by 50 %. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the distribution of pore size and roundness, and the physical, mechanical, and sound absorption properties of the material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140852"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fully coupled depth-dependent corrosion model for reinforced concrete piles under marine environmental conditions

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140795

Rishwanth Darun Annamalaisamy Sannasiraj , Shuangmin Shi , Xuemei Liu , Konstantinos Gryllias , Dirk Vandepitte , Dimitrios Chronopoulos , Lihai Zhang

The corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) piles in marine conditions demands comprehensive modelling to mitigate risks and enhance structural safety. This study develops a fully coupled, depth-dependent multi-ion reactive corrosion model for RC piles based on poroelastic theory to capture the interactions of chloride ions, sulphate ions, and carbonation across distinct marine exposure zones (atmospheric, splash, tidal, and submerged). Model validation against field experimental data confirms the splash zone as the most vulnerable due to the higher binding affinity of aggressive ions on the surface driven by dynamic exposure conditions. Parametric analysis reveals that increasing cover thickness slightly improves corrosion resistance by delaying chloride ingress, whereas increasing reinforcement bar size significantly improves service life due to a larger exposed steel surface. Additionally, reducing concrete porosity enhances durability substantially by limiting ion penetration, thereby extending service life. Notably, the use of advanced concrete materials, such as high-performance concrete (HPC), self-compacting concrete, and geopolymer concrete can extend service life by up to 80 %. The present study highlights the need for multi-factor corrosion modelling and provides practical design insights for enhancing the durability of marine infrastructure.

{"title":"A fully coupled depth-dependent corrosion model for reinforced concrete piles under marine environmental conditions","authors":"Rishwanth Darun Annamalaisamy Sannasiraj , Shuangmin Shi , Xuemei Liu , Konstantinos Gryllias , Dirk Vandepitte , Dimitrios Chronopoulos , Lihai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) piles in marine conditions demands comprehensive modelling to mitigate risks and enhance structural safety. This study develops a fully coupled, depth-dependent multi-ion reactive corrosion model for RC piles based on poroelastic theory to capture the interactions of chloride ions, sulphate ions, and carbonation across distinct marine exposure zones (atmospheric, splash, tidal, and submerged). Model validation against field experimental data confirms the splash zone as the most vulnerable due to the higher binding affinity of aggressive ions on the surface driven by dynamic exposure conditions. Parametric analysis reveals that increasing cover thickness slightly improves corrosion resistance by delaying chloride ingress, whereas increasing reinforcement bar size significantly improves service life due to a larger exposed steel surface. Additionally, reducing concrete porosity enhances durability substantially by limiting ion penetration, thereby extending service life. Notably, the use of advanced concrete materials, such as high-performance concrete (HPC), self-compacting concrete, and geopolymer concrete can extend service life by up to 80 %. The present study highlights the need for multi-factor corrosion modelling and provides practical design insights for enhancing the durability of marine infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140795"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the protection mechanism and failure modes of solidified soil utilized for scour mitigation

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140858

Chen Wang , Lewen Jin , Yu Qian , Yingjie Wu , Fayun Liang

In recent years, the expansion of offshore wind farms has been substantial, with monopiles being a significant component contributing to the overall investment costs. While they provide clean energy, scour around offshore wind turbine (OWT) foundations presents significant engineering challenges. Recently, solidified soil has become a popular attempt to enhance scour resistance of the seafloor materials around foundations. Although the mechanical behaviors of solidified soil used in ground improvement on land have been investigated comprehensively, however, the scour protection mechanisms of solidified soil and its failure modes undersea have not been fully explored. This study aims to investigate the scour protection effects of solidified soil considering three critical factors when applying it to OWT sites, namely cured strength, cured state, and the range of solidification. Flume tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of these factors on both local and edge scour, which is usually ignored in practice. The results indicate that optimal cured strength and state can effectively mitigate scour, with wider solidification ranges further reducing the edge scour. Additionally, three failure modes were identified: loss of solidified soil, breakage of weak solidified sections, and edge scour of solidified area. These findings emphasize the necessity for a holistic design of solidified soil parameters and construction processes. An improved analysis model was also developed to reveal the protective mechanisms of solidified soil.

{"title":"Investigation of the protection mechanism and failure modes of solidified soil utilized for scour mitigation","authors":"Chen Wang , Lewen Jin , Yu Qian , Yingjie Wu , Fayun Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the expansion of offshore wind farms has been substantial, with monopiles being a significant component contributing to the overall investment costs. While they provide clean energy, scour around offshore wind turbine (OWT) foundations presents significant engineering challenges. Recently, solidified soil has become a popular attempt to enhance scour resistance of the seafloor materials around foundations. Although the mechanical behaviors of solidified soil used in ground improvement on land have been investigated comprehensively, however, the scour protection mechanisms of solidified soil and its failure modes undersea have not been fully explored. This study aims to investigate the scour protection effects of solidified soil considering three critical factors when applying it to OWT sites, namely cured strength, cured state, and the range of solidification. Flume tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of these factors on both local and edge scour, which is usually ignored in practice. The results indicate that optimal cured strength and state can effectively mitigate scour, with wider solidification ranges further reducing the edge scour. Additionally, three failure modes were identified: loss of solidified soil, breakage of weak solidified sections, and edge scour of solidified area. These findings emphasize the necessity for a holistic design of solidified soil parameters and construction processes. An improved analysis model was also developed to reveal the protective mechanisms of solidified soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140858"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of magnesium oxysulfide cement from rare earth smelting magnesium sulfate wastewater: Mechanical properties, microstructure and immobilization mechanism

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140862

Weida Wang , Wanqi Zhang , Changxiong Zou , Mingtao Zhu , Ling Zhao , Dayu Su , Tingting Zhang , Zhaoyu Wang

The rare earth smelting magnesium sulfate wastewater (RESW) contains high concentrations of sulfate ions (SO₄^2-), magnesium ions (Mg²⁺), heavy metal ions, and trace amounts of rare earth elements. Conventional water treatment technologies face challenges such as complex processes and high costs. This study aims to explore the application of RESW as a substitute for MgSO₄ in the preparation of magnesium oxysulfide cement (MOSC) to achieve harmless treatment of RESW. The effects of varying concentrations of RESW on the setting time, compressive strength, length variation, water and acid resistance, and leachability of MOSC were investigated. Additionally, the effects and mechanisms of RESW on MOSC were systematically analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nanoindentation, XRD, and SEM-EDS. The results indicated that, under identical preparation conditions, RESW delayed the hydration process of MOSC and contributed to its early-strength characteristics. Although RESW reduced the 28-day compressive strength of MOSC to varying extents, it still reached 55 MPa. MOSC exhibited better volume stability, with length change rates decreased from 0.42 % to 0.21 %. The primary phase composition remained largely unchanged. Additionally, the softening coefficient of MOSC was enhanced, and the leachability of elements from RESW was low, with a solidification rate exceeding 99 %. This study presents an innovative approach to the treatment of RESW and provides a reference for the practical application of MOSC produced from RESW in construction engineering, thereby promoting the high-value utilization of RESW.

{"title":"Preparation of magnesium oxysulfide cement from rare earth smelting magnesium sulfate wastewater: Mechanical properties, microstructure and immobilization mechanism","authors":"Weida Wang , Wanqi Zhang , Changxiong Zou , Mingtao Zhu , Ling Zhao , Dayu Su , Tingting Zhang , Zhaoyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rare earth smelting magnesium sulfate wastewater (RESW) contains high concentrations of sulfate ions (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>), magnesium ions (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), heavy metal ions, and trace amounts of rare earth elements. Conventional water treatment technologies face challenges such as complex processes and high costs. This study aims to explore the application of RESW as a substitute for MgSO<sub>4</sub> in the preparation of magnesium oxysulfide cement (MOSC) to achieve harmless treatment of RESW. The effects of varying concentrations of RESW on the setting time, compressive strength, length variation, water and acid resistance, and leachability of MOSC were investigated. Additionally, the effects and mechanisms of RESW on MOSC were systematically analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nanoindentation, XRD, and SEM-EDS. The results indicated that, under identical preparation conditions, RESW delayed the hydration process of MOSC and contributed to its early-strength characteristics. Although RESW reduced the 28-day compressive strength of MOSC to varying extents, it still reached 55 MPa. MOSC exhibited better volume stability, with length change rates decreased from 0.42 % to 0.21 %. The primary phase composition remained largely unchanged. Additionally, the softening coefficient of MOSC was enhanced, and the leachability of elements from RESW was low, with a solidification rate exceeding 99 %. This study presents an innovative approach to the treatment of RESW and provides a reference for the practical application of MOSC produced from RESW in construction engineering, thereby promoting the high-value utilization of RESW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140862"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiscale study on the effect of recycled glass fiber on the rheological, hydration, and mechanical properties of cement paste 再生玻璃纤维对水泥浆流变、水化和机械性能影响的多尺度研究

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140932

Zhicheng Bu , Meng Zhou , Huiyu Chao , Jiongqi Chen , Xiaowei Ouyang , Xiongfei Yang , Dehao Che , Yiqun Guo , Yuwei Ma

To enhance the application of recycled glass fiber (RGF) in Portland cement, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of its interactions with the cement paste matrix. This study employs recycled glass fiber powder (RGFP) to explore the mechanisms by which RGF influence the properties of cement paste across nano to macro scales, and further analyzes the interrelationships among these scales. At the nanoscale, the interaction between RGFP particles and Ca^2 + ions in the cement pore solution was examined. At the microscale, the morphology, chemical composition, interfacial properties, and pore structure of the hydration products were characterized. At the macroscale, the effects of RGFP on the rheological behavior, hydration heat evolution, and strength of cement paste were analyzed. The results indicate that RGFP exhibits limited adsorption capacity for Ca²⁺, which hinders the nucleation and adhesion of C-S-H, thereby reducing the degree of hydration and weakening the interfacial bond with the cement matrix. Moreover, the incorporation of RGFP negatively affects the pore structure and decreases the compressive strength of the cement paste. However, due to its larger particle size and smooth surface, RGFP improves the rheological properties of the cement paste. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5 % RGF (by cement volume) enhances the flexural strength, as the fibers effectively bridge cracks during the pull-out process.

{"title":"Multiscale study on the effect of recycled glass fiber on the rheological, hydration, and mechanical properties of cement paste","authors":"Zhicheng Bu , Meng Zhou , Huiyu Chao , Jiongqi Chen , Xiaowei Ouyang , Xiongfei Yang , Dehao Che , Yiqun Guo , Yuwei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the application of recycled glass fiber (RGF) in Portland cement, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of its interactions with the cement paste matrix. This study employs recycled glass fiber powder (RGFP) to explore the mechanisms by which RGF influence the properties of cement paste across nano to macro scales, and further analyzes the interrelationships among these scales. At the nanoscale, the interaction between RGFP particles and Ca<sup>2 +</sup> ions in the cement pore solution was examined. At the microscale, the morphology, chemical composition, interfacial properties, and pore structure of the hydration products were characterized. At the macroscale, the effects of RGFP on the rheological behavior, hydration heat evolution, and strength of cement paste were analyzed. The results indicate that RGFP exhibits limited adsorption capacity for Ca<sup>2+</sup>, which hinders the nucleation and adhesion of C-S-H, thereby reducing the degree of hydration and weakening the interfacial bond with the cement matrix. Moreover, the incorporation of RGFP negatively affects the pore structure and decreases the compressive strength of the cement paste. However, due to its larger particle size and smooth surface, RGFP improves the rheological properties of the cement paste. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5 % RGF (by cement volume) enhances the flexural strength, as the fibers effectively bridge cracks during the pull-out process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140932"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of multiple-repeated aging and rejuvenation processes on bitumen properties evaluated with physical and chemical tests and multivariate analysis methods

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140734

Kim Schwettmann-Lui , Nina Nytus , Sandra Weigel , Martin Radenberg , Dietmar Stephan

This paper presents laboratory experiments on repeated bitumen aging and rejuvenation processes to assess multiple reuse feasibility. Three 50/70 penetration-graded bitumen samples were reused with four different rejuvenators without adding virgin binder. The experiments continued until significant material changes, such as inhomogeneities and increased stickiness, prevented reliable characterization. After each rejuvenation and aging process, physical and chemical properties were analyzed, resulting in a comprehensive dataset. Results indicate that the reuse of pure rejuvenators, without incorporating virgin binder, is limited. Cyclic reuse depends heavily on the rejuvenator and its interaction with the binder. Of the four rejuvenators tested, two bio-based products enabled the maximum reuse of four cycles. Therefore, the rejuvenators used in this project are more suitable as additives to improve the physical properties of the bitumen for reuse rather than as substitutes for the binder. The datasets were further evaluated using multivariate analysis methods to construct statistical models for two use cases: In the first use case, the samples are classified by their aging condition. In the second use case, the samples are differentiated according to the rejuvenators. The models were successfully validated, providing a promising framework for the classification of unknown bitumen samples for reuse.

{"title":"Effect of multiple-repeated aging and rejuvenation processes on bitumen properties evaluated with physical and chemical tests and multivariate analysis methods","authors":"Kim Schwettmann-Lui , Nina Nytus , Sandra Weigel , Martin Radenberg , Dietmar Stephan","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents laboratory experiments on repeated bitumen aging and rejuvenation processes to assess multiple reuse feasibility. Three 50/70 penetration-graded bitumen samples were reused with four different rejuvenators without adding virgin binder. The experiments continued until significant material changes, such as inhomogeneities and increased stickiness, prevented reliable characterization. After each rejuvenation and aging process, physical and chemical properties were analyzed, resulting in a comprehensive dataset. Results indicate that the reuse of pure rejuvenators, without incorporating virgin binder, is limited. Cyclic reuse depends heavily on the rejuvenator and its interaction with the binder. Of the four rejuvenators tested, two bio-based products enabled the maximum reuse of four cycles. Therefore, the rejuvenators used in this project are more suitable as additives to improve the physical properties of the bitumen for reuse rather than as substitutes for the binder. The datasets were further evaluated using multivariate analysis methods to construct statistical models for two use cases: In the first use case, the samples are classified by their aging condition. In the second use case, the samples are differentiated according to the rejuvenators. The models were successfully validated, providing a promising framework for the classification of unknown bitumen samples for reuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140734"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties and environmental impact assessments of GFRP rebar reinforced limestone calcinated clay cement (LC3) concrete

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140788

Peng Wang , Hongyu Lai , Wanye Li , Linyuwen Ke , Haoliang Wu , Weiwen Li , Christopher K.Y. Leung

To address global greenhouse emissions, the adoption of green concrete materials has surged, aiming to lower CO₂ emissions and energy use over their lifecycle. This study comprehensively investigates the time-dependent degradation of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars embedded in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) concrete under exposure to water baths at temperatures of 23, 40 and 60 °C for up to 270 days. Both macroscopic mechanical testing (compressive strength of concrete, tensile test, flexural test and inter-laminar shear test of GFRP rebar, and pull-out test of GFRP-concrete) and environmental impact assessment are conducted to gain deeper insights. The experimental findings indicate that, when compared to normal concrete (NC), LC3 exhibits reduced aggressiveness towards the embedded GFRP rebars due to its lower alkaline content. Nonetheless, GFRP rebars still experience fiber corrosion, matrix cracking, and fiber-matrix debonding as a result of an alkaline attack from LC3. It is observed that GFRP rebar embedded in LC3 exhibit notable characteristics: an enhanced retention of tensile strength, escalating from 71.4 % to 93.3 % concerning the initial value, a similar retention in flexural and inter-laminar shear strength, and elevated ultimate bond strength from 1.83 % to 20.75 % at the GFRP-concrete interface relative to NC counterpart under identical environmental conditions. Further, these phenomena are explained by the micromorphology of aged GFRP rebars. Environmental impact assessment results show that compared with GFRP-NC, the proposed GFRP-LC3 has a lower impact on the environment, with a reduction of 20.27 % and 34.53 % for energy consumption and CO₂ emissions, respectively. Considering the long-term mechanical properties and environmental impacts after degradation, GFRP-LC3 provides an effective approach for the sustainable development of construction.

{"title":"Mechanical properties and environmental impact assessments of GFRP rebar reinforced limestone calcinated clay cement (LC3) concrete","authors":"Peng Wang , Hongyu Lai , Wanye Li , Linyuwen Ke , Haoliang Wu , Weiwen Li , Christopher K.Y. Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address global greenhouse emissions, the adoption of green concrete materials has surged, aiming to lower CO₂ emissions and energy use over their lifecycle. This study comprehensively investigates the time-dependent degradation of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars embedded in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) concrete under exposure to water baths at temperatures of 23, 40 and 60 °C for up to 270 days. Both macroscopic mechanical testing (compressive strength of concrete, tensile test, flexural test and inter-laminar shear test of GFRP rebar, and pull-out test of GFRP-concrete) and environmental impact assessment are conducted to gain deeper insights. The experimental findings indicate that, when compared to normal concrete (NC), LC3 exhibits reduced aggressiveness towards the embedded GFRP rebars due to its lower alkaline content. Nonetheless, GFRP rebars still experience fiber corrosion, matrix cracking, and fiber-matrix debonding as a result of an alkaline attack from LC3. It is observed that GFRP rebar embedded in LC3 exhibit notable characteristics: an enhanced retention of tensile strength, escalating from 71.4 % to 93.3 % concerning the initial value, a similar retention in flexural and inter-laminar shear strength, and elevated ultimate bond strength from 1.83 % to 20.75 % at the GFRP-concrete interface relative to NC counterpart under identical environmental conditions. Further, these phenomena are explained by the micromorphology of aged GFRP rebars. Environmental impact assessment results show that compared with GFRP-NC, the proposed GFRP-LC3 has a lower impact on the environment, with a reduction of 20.27 % and 34.53 % for energy consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, respectively. Considering the long-term mechanical properties and environmental impacts after degradation, GFRP-LC3 provides an effective approach for the sustainable development of construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140788"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and theoretical insights into the load-bearing performance of CFRP-wrapped reinforced concrete piles in marine environments

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140880

Wei Shao , Biaojie Chen , Wenbing Zhang , Danda Shi , Wenhan Yue

In this paper, the theoretical and experimental investigations of the vertical bearing performance of reinforced concrete piles subjected to varying levels of corrosion and different methods of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping reinforcement are presented. A chloride diffusion model and a fixed-value method are employed to predict the initial corrosion time of the composite piles. Utilizing Faraday's law, a relationship model correlating the corrosion ratio with service time is established. Furthermore, a bearing capacity model for CFRP-reinforced corroded piles is proposed based on the strength models of confined reinforced concrete and corroded reinforced concrete. The parameters of the calculation model are optimized through experimental validation. The study analyzes the effects of various wrapping reinforcement methods on the load-displacement curves and the vertical bearing performance of corroded reinforced concrete piles, as well as the influence of different factors on bearing performance over time. The results indicate that as the service life of reinforced concrete piles increases, the bearing capacity decreases rapidly after the onset of initial corrosion of the reinforcement. The bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete piles is significantly increased after being wrapped with CFRP. The greater the number of wrapping layers and the higher the confining volumetric ratio, the more pronounced the improvement in bearing capacity.

{"title":"Experimental and theoretical insights into the load-bearing performance of CFRP-wrapped reinforced concrete piles in marine environments","authors":"Wei Shao , Biaojie Chen , Wenbing Zhang , Danda Shi , Wenhan Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the theoretical and experimental investigations of the vertical bearing performance of reinforced concrete piles subjected to varying levels of corrosion and different methods of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping reinforcement are presented. A chloride diffusion model and a fixed-value method are employed to predict the initial corrosion time of the composite piles. Utilizing Faraday's law, a relationship model correlating the corrosion ratio with service time is established. Furthermore, a bearing capacity model for CFRP-reinforced corroded piles is proposed based on the strength models of confined reinforced concrete and corroded reinforced concrete. The parameters of the calculation model are optimized through experimental validation. The study analyzes the effects of various wrapping reinforcement methods on the load-displacement curves and the vertical bearing performance of corroded reinforced concrete piles, as well as the influence of different factors on bearing performance over time. The results indicate that as the service life of reinforced concrete piles increases, the bearing capacity decreases rapidly after the onset of initial corrosion of the reinforcement. The bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete piles is significantly increased after being wrapped with CFRP. The greater the number of wrapping layers and the higher the confining volumetric ratio, the more pronounced the improvement in bearing capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140880"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of silica fume on Self-compacting Earth Concrete: Compressive strength, durability and microstructural studies

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140815

Mehrzad Azizi, Kianoosh Samimi

In this study, the effects of the combination of clay and cement, as well as the synergistic effect of silica fume with clay and cement were investigated. Firstly, the focus was on determining the optimal combination of different percentages of silica fume (7.5 %, 10 %, and 12.5 %) and clay (50 %, 60 %, 70 %, and 80 %) content by wet and air curing conditions to increase the compressive strength of paste mixtures. Then, the optimal mixture design was selected for the production of concrete samples, and subsequently, the mechanical properties, chloride migration, accelerated carbonation and microstructure analysis were investigated. The results show that the compressive strength of concrete samples containing 50 % clay as a cement (C50) replacement is 59.81 % and 68.13 % lower than that of the control concrete at 28 and 90 days of aging, respectively. On the other hand, the mixture containing 50 % clay and 10 % silica fume (C50S10) improved the compressive strength by 28.08 % in 28 days and 35.18 % in 90 days compared to the mixture containing 50 % clay. At the age of 90 days, the depth of carbonation penetration in C50 mixture was 22.7 mm. In contrast, the C50S10 mixture's carbonate depth after 90 days was 36.7 % lower than that of the C50 mixture. The microstructural analysis demonstrates that the presence of a silica compound in silica fume results in the production of CSH, thus improving the denser mixture. This study suggests using silica fume in combination with earth concrete can be a viable solution to enhance mechanical strength and durability.

{"title":"Effect of silica fume on Self-compacting Earth Concrete: Compressive strength, durability and microstructural studies","authors":"Mehrzad Azizi, Kianoosh Samimi","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the effects of the combination of clay and cement, as well as the synergistic effect of silica fume with clay and cement were investigated. Firstly, the focus was on determining the optimal combination of different percentages of silica fume (7.5 %, 10 %, and 12.5 %) and clay (50 %, 60 %, 70 %, and 80 %) content by wet and air curing conditions to increase the compressive strength of paste mixtures. Then, the optimal mixture design was selected for the production of concrete samples, and subsequently, the mechanical properties, chloride migration, accelerated carbonation and microstructure analysis were investigated. The results show that the compressive strength of concrete samples containing 50 % clay as a cement (C50) replacement is 59.81 % and 68.13 % lower than that of the control concrete at 28 and 90 days of aging, respectively. On the other hand, the mixture containing 50 % clay and 10 % silica fume (C50S10) improved the compressive strength by 28.08 % in 28 days and 35.18 % in 90 days compared to the mixture containing 50 % clay. At the age of 90 days, the depth of carbonation penetration in C50 mixture was 22.7 mm. In contrast, the C50S10 mixture's carbonate depth after 90 days was 36.7 % lower than that of the C50 mixture. The microstructural analysis demonstrates that the presence of a silica compound in silica fume results in the production of CSH, thus improving the denser mixture. This study suggests using silica fume in combination with earth concrete can be a viable solution to enhance mechanical strength and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140815"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of classes C and F fly ashes on the viscoelastic behavior of cold mix asphalt (CMA) C 级和 F 级粉煤灰对冷拌沥青（CMA）粘弹性行为的影响

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140796

J. Del-Valle-Corte , P. Orosa , M. Aspilcueta , A.R. Pasandín , I. Pérez , J.E. Haddock

To promote sustainability in the pavement industry, this study investigates how replacing traditional aggregate filler with Class C or Class F fly ashes impacts the mechanical and volumetric properties of cold mix asphalt (CMA). The mixture design phase involved determining the optimum fluid content, number of compaction gyrations, and residual asphalt binder content using the modified Proctor test, conducting a compaction study, and assessing the resistance to moisture-induced damage, in that order. Once the optimum parameters were established, three different trial mixtures were prepared and tested: a control (100 % traditional aggregate filler), FA-C (100 % Class C fly ash filler), and FA-F (100 % Class F fly ash filler). After determining the mixture volumetric properties, the mechanical behavior of each mixture was analyzed using the dynamic modulus tests. Mixture modeling included detailed analyses through Black space diagrams, master curve development, and model fitting. The findings reveal that incorporating Class C or Class F fly ash increases mixture stiffness, with the Class C mixture achieving up to 3 times, and the Class F mixture up to 1.5 times the stiffness of the control CMA at high temperatures. The 2S2P1D model effectively represents the complex modulus of all three mixtures. However, this is not the case for the mixture phase angles, as the addition of fly ashes adversely affects the model’s accuracy, resulting in greater discrepancies between the modeled and measured values.

{"title":"Effects of classes C and F fly ashes on the viscoelastic behavior of cold mix asphalt (CMA)","authors":"J. Del-Valle-Corte , P. Orosa , M. Aspilcueta , A.R. Pasandín , I. Pérez , J.E. Haddock","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To promote sustainability in the pavement industry, this study investigates how replacing traditional aggregate filler with Class C or Class F fly ashes impacts the mechanical and volumetric properties of cold mix asphalt (CMA). The mixture design phase involved determining the optimum fluid content, number of compaction gyrations, and residual asphalt binder content using the modified Proctor test, conducting a compaction study, and assessing the resistance to moisture-induced damage, in that order. Once the optimum parameters were established, three different trial mixtures were prepared and tested: a control (100 % traditional aggregate filler), FA-C (100 % Class C fly ash filler), and FA-F (100 % Class F fly ash filler). After determining the mixture volumetric properties, the mechanical behavior of each mixture was analyzed using the dynamic modulus tests. Mixture modeling included detailed analyses through Black space diagrams, master curve development, and model fitting. The findings reveal that incorporating Class C or Class F fly ash increases mixture stiffness, with the Class C mixture achieving up to 3 times, and the Class F mixture up to 1.5 times the stiffness of the control CMA at high temperatures. The 2S2P1D model effectively represents the complex modulus of all three mixtures. However, this is not the case for the mixture phase angles, as the addition of fly ashes adversely affects the model’s accuracy, resulting in greater discrepancies between the modeled and measured values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"472 ","pages":"Article 140796"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0