Construction and Building Materials最新文献_第5页

New strategy to enhance ultra-early strength of shotcrete: Synergistic effect of aluminum sulfate and calcium hydroxide 提高喷射混凝土超早强的新策略：硫酸铝和氢氧化钙的协同作用

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145382

Yu Gao , Jiahe Wang , Bofang Zhang , Qingxin Kong , Jiaxuan Wang , Huajian Li , Yanbin Tan

This study investigated the simultaneous addition of aluminum sulfate (AS) and calcium hydroxide (CH) to achieve coordinated improvement of the Ultra-early and long-term strength of ordinary Portland cement. The addition of AS could accelerate the development of early compressive strength. Specimens containing 6 % CH achieved an 8-h compressive strength that was 215 % higher than those with only AS, along with a 7 % increase in 28-day compressive strength. The mechanisms by which AS and CH influence cement hydration were examined using techniques such as isothermal calorimetry, TG, ICP-OES, and SEM. The Krstulovic-Dabic hydration model was employed to analyze the effects of AS and CH on the hydration process of cement paste. The addition of AS was found to promote the formation of AFt at early stages, while also accelerating crystal nucleation and growth (NG), interfacial reactions (I), and diffusion (D) in the cement paste. This explains why AS contributes to the enhancement of the 8-h compressive strength in cement paste. The incorporation of CH continuously reduced the pore solution [Si] during the initial dissolution and induction stages, thereby promoting additional C–S–H gel formation. However, CH had no influence on the reaction rates during the NG, I, and D stages in AS-containing cement paste. The accelerating effect of CH in the initial dissolution and induction stage is therefore critical to the pronounced improvement in 8-h compressive strength. During the late hydration stage, the added CH gradually transforms into C–S–H gel, enhancing the microstructural density of the cement paste. This results in an increase in the compressive strength of the cement paste in the later stages.

本研究研究了硫酸铝（AS）和氢氧化钙（CH）的同时添加，以实现普通硅酸盐水泥超早期和长期强度的协同提高。AS的加入可以加速早期抗压强度的发展。含有6 % CH的试件的8小时抗压强度比仅含有AS的试件高215 %，28天抗压强度增加7 %。利用等温量热法、热重法、ICP-OES和扫描电镜等技术研究了AS和CH影响水泥水化的机理。采用Krstulovic-Dabic水化模型分析了AS和CH对水泥浆体水化过程的影响。研究发现，AS的加入在早期阶段促进了AFt的形成，同时也加速了水泥浆体中晶体的成核和生长（NG）、界面反应(I)和扩散(D)。这就解释了为什么AS有助于提高水泥浆体的8-h抗压强度。CH的掺入在初始溶解和诱导阶段不断降低孔隙溶液[Si]，从而促进额外的C-S-H凝胶的形成。然而，在含砷水泥浆体的NG、I和D阶段，CH对反应速率没有影响。因此，CH在初始溶解和诱导阶段的加速作用对8h抗压强度的显著提高至关重要。在水化后期，加入的CH逐渐转化为C-S-H凝胶，提高了水泥浆体的微观结构密度。这导致后期水泥浆体抗压强度的增加。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive deep learning framework for crack contour recognition and dimensional measurement in concrete structures 混凝土结构裂缝轮廓识别与尺寸测量的自适应深度学习框架

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145400

Zhijie Duan , Zhen Cai , Quanming Li , Yiding Liu , Yuxiang Mao , Xiaorong Zhou

Cracks in concrete structures are key indicators of deterioration, yet reliable recognition across scales, from mm-scale hairline cracks to cm-scale fractures, remains difficult due to pronounced cross-scale appearance variation and topological complexity. This study presents an adaptive deep-learning framework that unifies crack localization, contour segmentation, and dimensional measurement. For efficient localization, deformable convolutions are integrated into YOLOv8 to form DCNv4-YOLOv8, improving sensitivity to slender and irregular cracks. For contour delineation, a CM-DeepLabv3 + network is proposed by embedding a multi-scale magnification attention module (MSA) and a continuity-aware module (CAM), enabling instance-adaptive scale emphasis and connectivity-preserving refinement. The resulting masks are fused with RGB-D data through 2D-to-3D back-projection, and the reconstructed crack point clouds are subsequently refined by point densification and statistical outlier removal. Crack length and aperture are then quantified from the extracted crack skeleton and its orthogonal cross sections. Experiments show that DCNv4-YOLOv8 improves mAP50–95 by 5.4 % over the YOLOv8 baseline, while CM-DeepLabv3 + increases mIoU from 72.6 % to 80.5 %. Field and laboratory specimen validations confirm millimeter-level aperture estimation and centimeter-level length measurement accuracy, demonstrating robust performance across diverse crack scales and scenarios.

混凝土结构中的裂缝是恶化的关键指标，但由于明显的跨尺度外观变化和拓扑复杂性，从毫米尺度的发际裂缝到厘米尺度的裂缝的可靠识别仍然很困难。本研究提出了一种结合裂纹定位、轮廓分割和尺寸测量的自适应深度学习框架。为了高效定位，将可变形卷积集成到YOLOv8中，形成DCNv4-YOLOv8，提高了对细长和不规则裂纹的灵敏度。在轮廓描绘方面，通过嵌入多尺度放大注意模块（MSA）和连续性感知模块（CAM），提出CM-DeepLabv3 + 网络，实现实例自适应尺度强调和保持连通性的细化。通过二维到三维的反向投影将得到的掩模与RGB-D数据融合，然后通过点密度化和统计离群值去除对重构的裂纹点云进行细化。然后从提取的裂纹骨架及其正交截面中量化裂纹长度和孔径。实验表明，DCNv4-YOLOv8比YOLOv8基线提高了mAP50-95 5.4 %，而CM-DeepLabv3 + 将mIoU从72.6 %提高到80.5 %。现场和实验室样品验证证实了毫米级孔径估计和厘米级长度测量精度，证明了在不同裂纹尺度和场景下的稳健性能。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the efficacy of ground reactive aggregate in mitigating expansion due to alkali-silica reaction 评价地面反应性骨料减轻碱-硅反应膨胀的效果

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145308

Chloe Thorp, Medhat H. Shehata

This study presents an investigation into the potential use of finely crushed reactive aggregates to reduce expansion due to alkali–silica reaction (ASR). The powders, produced from different reactive rocks, were used as partial replacements of fine aggregate to evaluate their efficacy without altering the Portland cement, alkali, or calcium hydroxide levels in the mix. The powders were evaluated as potential mitigators for both highly and moderately reactive coarse aggregates. The experimental results demonstrated that although some aggregate powders can reduce ASR, their effectiveness is strongly influenced by aggregate mineralogy, powder fineness, and crushing method. Of the three rocks tested in this study, two showed efficacy in reducing ASR-induced expansion when crushed to sizes finer than 45 µm, whereas the third rock's powders did not. These findings suggest that aggregate powders may be a sustainable option for reducing ASR, provided that their mineral composition and fineness are carefully considered.

本研究提出了一项调查的潜在用途，细碎反应性骨料，以减少膨胀由于碱-硅反应（ASR）。这些粉末由不同的活性岩石制成，在不改变混合物中硅酸盐水泥、碱或氢氧化钙含量的情况下，用作细骨料的部分替代品，以评估它们的功效。粉末被评估为潜在的缓蚀剂，为高度和中度反应粗骨料。实验结果表明，虽然某些骨料粉可以降低ASR，但其效果受骨料矿物学、粉细度和破碎方式的强烈影响。在本研究中测试的三种岩石中，当粉碎到小于45 µm的尺寸时，两种岩石显示出减少asr诱导膨胀的功效，而第三种岩石的粉末则没有。这些发现表明，如果仔细考虑其矿物组成和细度，骨料粉末可能是减少ASR的可持续选择。

引用次数: 0

Prediction of thermal insulation performance of concrete lining with multi-component solid waste aggregate under freeze–thaw action based on machine learning 基于机器学习的多组分固废骨料混凝土衬砌冻融作用下保温性能预测

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145396

Haodong Zhang , Xiaoxiao Wang , Changwang Yan , Yufei Dong

Freeze–thaw heave damage of concrete linings in canals in seasonal frozen soil regions of China seriously impairs their service performance, and enhancing the thermal insulation performance of linings is an effective approach to alleviate the frost heave effect of foundation soil. Given that pores are the main factor characterizing the thermal conductivity of concrete, their structural properties exert a key influence on the heat transfer process. Therefore, this study combines artificial intelligence methods with multi-level pore characteristics. Moreover, a thermal conductivity prediction model is developed for concrete linings with multi-component solid waste aggregate using three single learning methods (RG, SVR, and ANN) and three ensemble learning methods (RF, XGBoost, and AdaBoost). Results show that the ensemble algorithm XGBoost achieves the best performance on the training set (R² = 0.94). On the test set, the coefficient of determination (R²) values for predictions based on RG, SVR, ANN, RF, XGBoost, and AdaBoost are 0.74, 0.76, 0.81, 0.94, 0.96, and 0.84, respectively. Compared with the traditional Russel thermal conductivity model, the maximum improvement in prediction accuracy can reach 20.83 %. SHAP analysis shows that the replacement rate, freeze–thaw cycles, and porosity are the main factors affecting the thermal conductivity of concretes with multi-component solid waste aggregate. The SHAP contribution values of the three factors are 32.7 %, 30.3 %, and 28.2 %, respectively. Furthermore, among various pore characteristics, the fractal dimension of small capillary pores is the primary influencing factor, with a SHAP contribution value of 3.6 %. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the thermal insulation performance of canal concrete linings in seasonal frozen regions.

中国季节性冻土区渠道混凝土衬砌冻融胀破坏严重影响其使用性能，提高衬砌保温性能是缓解地基土冻胀效应的有效途径。鉴于孔隙是表征混凝土导热性的主要因素，其结构性能对传热过程具有关键影响。因此，本研究将人工智能方法与多层次孔隙特征相结合。此外，采用三种单一学习方法（RG、SVR和ANN）和三种集成学习方法（RF、XGBoost和AdaBoost），建立了多组分固体废物骨料混凝土衬砌导热系数预测模型。结果表明，集成算法XGBoost在训练集上的性能最好（R²= 0.94）。在测试集上，基于RG、SVR、ANN、RF、XGBoost和AdaBoost的预测的决定系数（R²）值分别为0.74、0.76、0.81、0.94、0.96和0.84。与传统的Russel导热系数模型相比，预测精度的最大提高可达20.83 %。SHAP分析表明，替换率、冻融循环次数和孔隙率是影响多组份固体废物骨料混凝土导热系数的主要因素。三个因子的SHAP贡献值分别为32.7 %、30.3 %和28.2 %。此外，在各种孔隙特征中，小毛管孔隙的分形维数是主要影响因素，其SHAP贡献值为3.6 %。研究结果可为季节性冻结地区渠道混凝土衬砌的保温性能提供理论参考。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive study of metakaolin-based geopolymer composites incorporating corncob aggregate for lightweight and multifunctional applications 含玉米芯骨料的偏高岭土聚合物复合材料的轻质和多功能应用的综合研究

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145346

Poowarin Sakrungrueang , Wei-Hao Lee , Suthee Wattanasiriwech , Darunee Wattanasiriwech

This study evaluates corncob (CC), an abundant agricultural by-product, as a bio-based lightweight aggregate in metakaolin-based geopolymer composites for sustainable construction. Composites were mold-pressed with three CC size ranges and high volume fractions (50–70 vol%) and assessed for mechanical, thermal, hygric, acoustic, and environmental performance. Increasing CC content reduced compressive strength but significantly improved thermal insulation, sound absorption, and moisture buffering due to higher porosity, with moisture buffering capacity reaching 2.19 g/m²·%RH (good–excellent performance). CC particle size had a limited influence on overall properties. Life cycle assessment showed up to an 82 % reduction in CO₂ emissions compared to conventional materials, with the embodied carbon index decreasing as CC content decreased. Notably, composites containing 50 vol% CC offer a compelling combination of mechanical adequacy, thermal and acoustic efficiency, hygrothermal regulation, fire resistance, and markedly reduced carbon footprint, supporting their application in sustainable building envelopes and interior components.

本研究评价了玉米芯（CC）作为生物基轻骨料在偏高岭土基地聚合物复合材料中的可持续建筑应用。复合材料采用三种CC尺寸范围和高体积分数（50-70 vol%）进行模压，并对机械、热学、水力学、声学和环境性能进行评估。CC含量的增加降低了材料的抗压强度，但由于孔隙率的提高，保温、吸声和湿缓冲性能显著提高，湿缓冲能力达到2.19 g/m²·%RH（性能优良）。CC粒径对整体性能的影响有限。生命周期评价结果显示，与传统材料相比，CO₂排放量减少了82% %，隐含碳指数随着CC含量的降低而降低。值得注意的是，含有50 vol% CC的复合材料提供了机械充足性、热效率和声学效率、湿热调节、防火性和显著减少碳足迹的令人信服的组合，支持其在可持续建筑围护结构和内部组件中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

From TNT equivalent to P-I criteria: A paradigm for assessing blast-induced critical damage in tempered insulating glass 从TNT当量到P-I标准：评估钢化中空玻璃爆炸致临界损伤的范例

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145327

Ziyuan Li , Jiaying Wang , Jiaqi Wang , Xin Wang , Dingchao Zhang , Mengfei Han

The increasing frequency of accidental explosions in recent years has highlighted the critical vulnerability of glazing windows, which have been identified as contributors to severe casualties in such incidents. This study addressed the critical vulnerability of insulating glass windows in explosion accidents by establishing a comprehensive framework for assessing their blast resistance. To address the constraints associated with conventional explosion testing, which encompass high expenses and considerable safety hazards, this research adopted a combined methodology of full-scale experiments and sophisticated numerical simulation techniques. Experiments with a 100 g TNT equivalent explosion determined the critical damage distance for the insulating glass to be 0.54 m, characterized by the complete shattering of the front-face glass and dense cracking of the rear-face glass without penetration. Subsequently, a finite element model was developed using Explosion Mechanics Simulation Software (EMSS) and validated against experimental data against experimental data. This model enabled the calculation of "Critical TNT Equivalent" values across a range of distances, such as 6.1 kg at 5 m and 179.5 kg at 30 m. Recognizing the inadequacy of TNT-based assessments for frequent gas explosions, an analytical method was proposed to determine the pressure and impulse asymptotes for critical damage. With that, P-I diagrams and P-I predictor formulas for various glass dimensions and thicknesses were established. For example, 6 mm thick insulating glass (600 mm×600 mm), the asymptotic overpressure and impulse were derived as 23kPa and 65kPa·ms, respectively, with the empirical formula (P − 23)(I−65)= 1.1 × (23/2 +65/2)^1.7. The results demonstrate that smaller panels (e.g., 600 mm×600 mm) and increased thickness (e.g., 12 mm) enhance blast resistance, with P₀ rising to 65kPa for thicker glass. These findings can be applied to any framed monolithic glazing with different dimension and thickness, and provide a practical approach for engineering design and hazard level estimation of insulating tempered glass against explosion loading.

近年来，意外爆炸事件日益频繁，突显了玻璃窗的严重脆弱性，这已被确定为此类事件中造成严重伤亡的原因。本研究通过建立一个评估中空玻璃窗防爆性能的综合框架，解决了中空玻璃窗在爆炸事故中的关键脆弱性问题。为了解决传统爆炸试验的局限性，包括高昂的费用和相当大的安全隐患，本研究采用了全尺寸实验和复杂的数值模拟技术相结合的方法。100 g TNT当量爆炸实验确定中空玻璃的临界损伤距离为0.54 m，其特征是前面玻璃完全破碎，后面玻璃致密开裂，但未穿透。随后，利用爆炸力学仿真软件（EMSS）建立了有限元模型，并对实验数据进行了验证。该模型能够在一定距离范围内计算“临界TNT当量”值，例如在5 米处为6.1 kg，在30 米处为179.5 kg。认识到基于tnt的频繁气体爆炸评估的不足，提出了一种分析方法来确定临界损伤的压力和脉冲渐近线。在此基础上，建立了不同玻璃尺寸和厚度的P-I图和P-I预测公式。以6 mm厚中空玻璃（600 mm×600 mm）为例，其渐近超压和冲量分别为23kPa和65kPa·ms，经验公式为（P − 23）(I−65)= 1.1 × （23/2 +65/2）1.7。结果表明，较小的面板（例如600 mm×600 mm）和增加的厚度（例如12 mm）增强了抗爆炸能力，较厚的玻璃的P0上升到65kPa。研究结果可应用于任何不同尺寸和厚度的框架整体玻璃，为中空钢化玻璃抗爆炸荷载的工程设计和危害等级评估提供了实用的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Coupling wet grinding with sodium citrate addition for enhanced magnesium slag carbonation: Mechanism, microstructural evolution, and application 柠檬酸钠耦合湿磨强化镁渣碳化：机理、微观结构演变及应用

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145348

Heng Wang , Xiaoxing Liu , Xuemao Guan , João Castro-Gomes , Songhui Liu , Genshen Li

Magnesium slag (MS) carbonation offers significant potential for CO₂ sequestration and sustainable cement production, yet conventional wet carbonation suffers from limited efficiency due to surface passivation. This study investigates the synergistic effects of wet grinding carbonation coupled with sodium citrate (SC) addition on MS carbonation performance. Various conditions were evaluated, including magnetic stirring (M-0), colloid mill grinding (C-0), and grinding with SC dosages (C-0.4, C-1, C-3). The optimal condition (C-0.4) achieved CO₂ uptake of 40.29 % and carbonation degree of 79.21 %. Compared with traditional wet carbonation, the carbonation degree is increased by 89.14 %. Wet grinding effectively removes surface carbonate layers while optimal SC dosage (0.4 wt%) promotes calcium carbonate formation. The microstructural analysis demonstrated particle size reduction (D₅₀ from 19.60 to 4.68 μm) and increased specific surface area (6.92 × 10⁻² to 25.48 m²/g). When applied as cement replacement, carbonated MS (C-0.4) exhibited superior performance. With 10 % replacement, the 28-day compressive strength exceeded that of ordinary Portland cement by 6.91 MPa. The enhanced performance is attributed to pore filling and additional C-S-H gel formation. This work provides insights into coupling mechanisms of mechanical activation and chemical enhancement for efficient mineral carbonation, offering a promising pathway for industrial waste valorization.

镁渣（MS）碳化为二氧化碳封存和可持续水泥生产提供了巨大的潜力，而传统的湿法碳化由于表面钝化而效率有限。研究了湿磨碳化与柠檬酸钠（SC）的协同作用对MS碳化性能的影响。考察了磁搅拌（M-0）、胶体磨研磨（C-0）和SC用量（C-0.4、C-1、C-3）研磨等条件。最佳条件（C-0.4） CO2吸收量为40.29 %，碳化度为79.21 %。与传统湿法碳化相比，碳化度提高了89.14 %。湿磨有效地去除表面碳酸盐层，而最佳SC用量（0.4 wt%）促进碳酸钙的形成。显微结构分析表明，颗粒尺寸减小（D50从19.60到4.68 μm），比表面积增加（6.92 × 10−2到25.48 m2/g）。作为水泥替代品，碳化MS （C-0.4）表现出优越的性能。替代量为10 %时，28天抗压强度比普通硅酸盐水泥高6.91 MPa。增强的性能归因于孔隙填充和额外的C-S-H凝胶形成。该研究为矿物高效碳化的机械活化和化学强化耦合机制提供了新的思路，为工业废物增值提供了一条有前景的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Research on splitting constitutive relationship of BFRRAC and the evolution mechanism of ITZ inter-microstructure under impact load 冲击载荷作用下brfrrac的分裂本构关系及ITZ间微观结构演化机制研究

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145340

Yu-hao Yang , Sheng-ji Jin , Wei Dong , Can-long Chen , Kai-ling Liu , Jia-kang Zhao

This research aim to investigate the splitting tensile properties of basalt fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (BFRRAC) under impact loads. A separated Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiment was conducted to systematically analyze the effects of recycled aggregate content, basalt fiber content, impact velocity, and strain rate on the splitting tensile strength of BFRRAC by experimental research and theoretical analysis. A tensile constitutive model suitable for different components was constructed, and compared with existing models, it can better predict the splitting tensile properties of BFRRAC under impact loads. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the crack morphology and pore distribution in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were quantitatively analyzed from a meso-scale perspective, which revealing the inhibitory mechanism of basalt fibers on crack initiation and propagation within the ITZ. The research results demonstrated that compared with plain concrete, the dynamic splitting tensile strength of fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete decreased by 4.1 %, 2.2 %, and 5.7 %. The fibers can effectively reduce the negative impact of recycled aggregate on the impact performance of concrete. The length, width and area of cracks at the interface between aggregate and mortar of plain concrete are larger than those at the interface between old aggregate and new mortar in basalt fiber recycled aggregate concrete. Basalt fibers consume the energy released by crack propagation through fracture and pull-out failure, the crack propagation problem of recycled aggregate ITZ is effectively suppressed. Ultimately, the adverse effects of recycled aggregate on the impact performance of concrete is reduced.

研究玄武岩纤维增强再生骨料混凝土（BFRRAC）在冲击荷载作用下的劈裂拉伸性能。采用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验，通过实验研究和理论分析，系统分析再生骨料掺量、玄武岩纤维掺量、冲击速度和应变速率对BFRRAC劈裂抗拉强度的影响。建立了适用于不同构件的拉伸本构模型，与现有模型相比，能更好地预测BFRRAC在冲击载荷下的劈裂拉伸性能。利用扫描电镜（SEM）从细观角度定量分析了玄武岩纤维在界面过渡区内的裂纹形态和孔隙分布，揭示了玄武岩纤维对界面过渡区内裂纹萌生和扩展的抑制机制。研究结果表明：与素混凝土相比，纤维增强再生骨料混凝土的动劈裂抗拉强度分别降低了4.1 %、2.2 %和5.7 %；纤维可有效降低再生骨料对混凝土冲击性能的负面影响。玄武岩纤维再生骨料混凝土中素混凝土骨料与砂浆界面裂缝的长度、宽度和面积均大于旧骨料与新砂浆界面裂缝的长度、宽度和面积。玄武岩纤维通过断裂和拉出破坏消耗裂纹扩展释放的能量，有效抑制了再生骨料ITZ的裂纹扩展问题。最终减少了再生骨料对混凝土冲击性能的不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Nanomaterials-enhanced multi-ion erosion degradation mechanisms and performance regulation of CFBFA-GGBS geopolymer grouting materials 纳米材料增强CFBFA-GGBS地聚合物注浆材料多离子侵蚀降解机理及性能调控

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145423

Hualei Wang , Junhui Zhang , Fan Gu , Shengjie Liu

Alkali-activated circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFBFA)- ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) geopolymer grouting materials have attracted increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional cement-based grouts. However, their durability in complex environments is compromised by the inherent instability of CFBFA components (e.g., free CaO and SO₃) and the material's susceptibility to synergistic multi-ion erosion. This study addresses these challenges by systematically evaluating the role of nano-silica (NS) and nano-alumina (NA) in enhancing the performance and long-term durability of CFBFA-GGBS grouts. The workability and mechanical properties of mixtures containing 0–0.9 wt% NS or NA were assessed. Results showed that 0.3 % NS and 0.7 % NA represented optimal dosages, improving the 28‑day compressive strength by 28.6 % and 32.8 %, respectively, while also enhancing fluidity and reducing the bleeding rate by up to 20 %. Microstructural analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM, MIP) confirmed that the improvements originated from a combined pozzolanic reaction and nano‑filling effect, which refined the pore structure and increased matrix density. Long‑term erosion resistance was evaluated in six simulated environments, including deionized water, single‑ion solutions (3 % NaCl, 5 % Na₂SO₄, 5 % MgSO₄), and composite multi‑ion solutions. Monitoring of macroscopic indicators revealed that NA‑modified specimens exhibited the highest durability, retaining a compressive strength of 27.8 MPa after 140 days of immersion in 5 % Na₂SO₄ solution, compared to only 20.8 MPa for the unmodified control. Furthermore, leachate conductivity and mass loss were significantly lower in nano‑modified systems. Microscopic investigation elucidated the underlying multi‑ion erosion mechanisms, including ion exchange, expansive crystallization, and Mg²⁺‑induced gel depolymerization. The study demonstrates that nano‑modification, particularly with 0.7 % NA, effectively mitigates degradation by densifying the microstructure and inhibiting ion transport. These findings provide both theoretical insight and practical guidance for engineering durable CFBFA-GGBS grouting materials in aggressive environments, underscoring the importance of microstructural design in enhancing chemical resistance.

碱活化循环流化床粉煤灰(CFBFA)-磨粒高炉矿渣（GGBS）地聚合物注浆材料作为一种可替代传统水泥基注浆的可持续材料越来越受到人们的关注。然而，它们在复杂环境中的耐久性受到CFBFA成分（例如游离CaO和SO₃）固有的不稳定性和材料对协同多离子侵蚀的敏感性的影响。本研究通过系统评估纳米二氧化硅（NS）和纳米氧化铝（NA）在提高CFBFA-GGBS灌浆性能和长期耐久性方面的作用，解决了这些挑战。对含有0-0.9 wt% NS或NA的混合物的和易性和力学性能进行了评估。结果表明，0.3 % NS和0.7 % NA是最佳剂量，28天抗压强度分别提高28.6% %和32.8% %，同时提高流动性，降低出血率高达20% %。微观结构分析（XRD， FTIR， SEM， MIP）证实了这种改善是由火山灰反应和纳米填充效应共同作用的结果，这种作用细化了孔隙结构，增加了基质密度。在去离子水、单离子溶液（3 % NaCl、5 % Na₂SO₄、5 % MgSO₄）和复合多离子溶液等6种模拟环境下，对其长期耐蚀性进行了评估。对宏观指标的监测显示，NA改性的试样具有最高的耐久性，在5 % NA₂SO₄溶液中浸泡140天后，其抗压强度保持在27.8 MPa，而未改性的对照仅为20.8 MPa。此外，在纳米改性体系中，渗滤液的电导率和质量损失显著降低。微观研究阐明了潜在的多离子侵蚀机制，包括离子交换、膨胀结晶和Mg 2 +诱导的凝胶解聚。研究表明，纳米修饰，特别是0.7 % NA，通过致密化微观结构和抑制离子传输，有效地减轻了降解。这些研究结果为CFBFA-GGBS注浆材料在恶劣环境下的工程耐久性提供了理论见解和实践指导，强调了微结构设计对增强耐化学性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of microbial self-healing in aged concrete (up to 1 year) 微生物在老化混凝土中的自愈效果（长达1年）

IF 8 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145408

Jing Xu, Hao Sun

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) offers a promising pathway for self-healing concrete. However, its long-term efficacy in relation to microbial activity remains largely unverified, since earlier studies have focused predominantly on short-term curing. This study bridges this gap by evaluating the self-healing behavior of microbial concrete after one year of curing. Results confirm that microorganisms remain metabolically active in the one-year age concrete, effectively healing a 300 µm-wide crack with a 93 % area closure 28 days after cracking. The healing process restored 55 % of compressive strength, 21 % of ultrasonic pulse velocity, and 81 % of water permeation resistance. While the healing rate was slower than in younger specimens, microstructural characterization revealed the formation of denser calcite healing products with refined crystal and grain sizes. This work provides the first comprehensive evidence that MICP maintains a robust self-healing capability in long-term cured concrete, offering critical insights for its reliable industrial application.

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（MICP）为混凝土自修复提供了一条很有前途的途径。然而，由于早期的研究主要集中在短期固化，其与微生物活性相关的长期功效在很大程度上仍未得到证实。本研究通过评估微生物混凝土在养护一年后的自愈行为弥补了这一差距。结果证实，微生物在1年龄期的混凝土中保持代谢活性，有效地愈合了300微米宽的裂缝，裂缝后28天的面积收缩率为93% %。愈合过程恢复了55 %的抗压强度，21 %的超声脉冲速度和81 %的水渗透阻力。虽然愈合速度比年轻标本慢，但微观结构表征显示形成了更致密的方解石愈合产物，晶体和晶粒尺寸更细。这项工作提供了第一个全面的证据，证明MICP在长期固化的混凝土中保持了强大的自愈能力，为其可靠的工业应用提供了重要的见解。

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