Construction and Building Materials最新文献

{"title":"Influence of dicarboxylic acid modifiers on the growth habits of α-hemihydrate gypsum crystals prepared from desulfurized gypsum and its mechanisms of action","authors":"Kefei An,&nbsp;Shuhui Li,&nbsp;Xuemao Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dicarboxylic acid modifiers play a crucial role in the controlled synthesis of α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HH) with an aspect ratio (AR) close to 1 from flue gas desulfurized (FGD) gypsum. However, the effect of dicarboxylic acid modifiers in the preparation of α-HH by FGD gypsum and the mechanism of action is unclear. Therefore, this paper systematically explored the impact of maleic anhydride, succinic acid, and malonic acid on the crystal growth characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical strength of α-HH under the improved vapor pressure method. The modification mechanism was clarified by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, XPS, and other test methods. The results showed that malonic acid had little effect on α-HH. Maleic anhydride and succinic acid can effectively transform the long rod-like α-HH into columnar α-HH, with ARs of 3.46 ∼ 2.31 and 2.68 ∼ 1.55, respectively. Among them, the addition of succinic acid increased the dry compressive strength by 40.1 %. The study further showed that the adsorption strengths of maleic anhydride and succinic acid on different surfaces of α-HH crystals were in the order of (111) &gt; (010) &gt; (110), while that of malonic acid were the opposite. This adsorption difference determines the crystal evolution of α-HH. In addition, between the two carboxyl groups of the dicarboxylic acid spaced two C atoms to play a crystal adjustment role. The double bond and ether bond enhanced the complexation ability of Ca²⁺ on the surface of α-HH crystal and promoted the modification effect. This study provides new insights into the selection of modifiers for the production of high value-added products from waste FGD gypsum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the potential of bio-cementing pond ash using Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP)","authors":"Shivani Singh Dhriyan,&nbsp;Abhay Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Arun Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal power plants globally encounter substantial challenges in storing and managing coal ash. The conventional method of wet disposal in ponds consumes extensive land areas and has an adverse effect on the environment. Fluctuations in temperature and moisture across the seasons can lead to the release of dust, which poses a risk to the environment. Cases of breaching ash impoundment prompted the exploration of solutions to utilize pond ash (PA) on a large scale. This problem can be mitigated by incorporating ash into significant structural and geotechnical earthworks. However, a few constraints and uncertainties remain over its characteristics and assessment. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) to enhance the geotechnical and morphological properties of PA. The applicability of two ureolytic bacteria, Bacillus Sphaericus (BS) and Bacillus Megaterium (BM) for stabilizing pond ash is assessed. Laboratory findings demonstrated the effectiveness of MICP in enhancing the properties of PA, with unconfined compressive strength (UCS) improving up to 1105 kPa and hydraulic conductivity reducing by 91 % for BS-treated PA. Optimal performance was achieved using 0.75 Molarity Cementing Solution, which also significantly improved CBR values to 19 % (unsoaked) and 15 % (soaked). It is also observed that the molarity of the cementing solution and number of treatment days play a vital role in calcite production, hence the strength gain. The SEM analyses of the microstructure and XRD analyses of mineralogy revealed the calcium carbonate precipitation. The study underscores the viability of MICP as a sustainable approach to address pond ash challenges as geo-material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140232"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of high-water-resistance and high-strength alkali- activated foam by using waste brick powder","authors":"Peng Jin ,&nbsp;Zongli Li ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Zongjin Li ,&nbsp;Jiuwen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the utilization value for waste clay brick, this paper has developed high water resistance and high strength alkali-activated slag-brick powder foam (ASBF) suitable for road foundation backfilling and channel subsoil replacement using waste brick powder (WBP). The long-term physical, mechanical properties, water resistance, and pore structure evolution of ASBF directly exposed to water have been studied. The results show that, under the same dry density level, the compressive strength of ASBF is twice of those in previous studies, showing significant advancement in performance. Water environment caused rough pore boundaries, increased the pore fractal dimension and the pore proportion of 0–100 μm, reducing compressive strength and increasing water absorption. Interestingly, 10 %-30 % WBP significantly improved the water resistance coefficient (consistently above 0.91) of ASBF, and the higher WBP dosage, the smaller the strength deterioration. Compared to conventional cement-based foam, ASBF reduces carbon emissions by about 40 % and embodied energy by about 50 %. This study provides a new perspective for the resource utilization of WBP and expands the application scenarios of alkali-activated foam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140397"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road performance and noise reduction characteristics of dense graded dry-process rubberised asphalt mixture","authors":"Pengzhao Guo ,&nbsp;Chenchen Li ,&nbsp;Weiwei Lu ,&nbsp;Songtao Lv ,&nbsp;Haihui Duan ,&nbsp;Huaqing Lv ,&nbsp;Longting Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste tire rubber particles have potential to improve the road durability and reduce road noise. However, the current research on the influencing factors and noise reduction mechanisms of rubber asphalt mixtures' noise reduction performance is not very in-depth, which hinders the balanced design of low-noise road performance and noise reduction function. This research aims to investigate the effects of dry-process rubber particle addition on the road performance and noise reduction capabilities of asphalt mixtures, clarifying the road performance enhancement and noise reduction mechanism of dry-process rubber asphalt mixtures. This study initially evaluated the high- and low-temperature performance, water stability, and fatigue performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixtures with varying rubber particle contents (0 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 %) prepared using the dry -process, and clarified the modification mechanism of dry-process rubber particles from a microscopic perspective. Furthermore, explored the trend of damping characteristics of asphalt mixtures with rubber particle content through dynamic modulus tests. The dry-process rubberised asphalt mixtures sound absorption and noise reduction performance were analyzed through tire/road noise test and absorption coefficient detection. The results show that the road performance of asphalt mixture first improves and then decreases with the increase of rubber particles content. The optimal road performance of asphalt mixture is achieved when the rubber content is 1.5 %. The formed semi continuous phase network structure between rubber particles and asphalt can enhance the structural strength of asphalt mixtures, thereby improving its road performance. Rubber particles enhance the sound absorption and damping capabilities of asphalt mixtures, improving their noise-reduction performance. The 1.5 %RSMA (SMA mixture with 1.5 wt% rubber particles by aggregate) can reduce noise to 3 dB(A) compared to the 0 %RSMA mixture, and road noise levels are correlated with vehicle speed and rainwater blockage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140312"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcracking and fracture behavior of cement grout under tensile loading","authors":"Ghasem Shams ,&nbsp;Omid Moradian ,&nbsp;Bing Q. Li ,&nbsp;Patrice Rivard","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement grout is a fundamental material used in diverse engineering applications, such as mining, civil engineering, geothermal energy, and oil and gas industries, due to its role in stabilizing rock masses and sealing wellbores. Despite its widespread usage, grout's susceptibility to cracking, particularly under tensile stress, remains a major concern, compromising structural integrity and long-term performance. This study investigates the micro-cracking behavior of cement grout under tensile loading to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing fracture initiation and propagation. By employing acoustic emission monitoring and analyzing fracture surface characteristics, this research reveals the complex interplay between microcracking mechanisms and macro-fracture morphology. The results reveal significant differences in fracture behavior between the two loading regimes. Brazilian tests exhibited higher tensile strength due to the dominance of non-tensile microcracking mechanisms, such as compaction and shear, which enhance strength and dissipate more energy. These specimens showed smoother, less tortuous fracture surfaces, corresponding to lower with tensile strengths. In contrast, direct tensile tests, governed by tensile microcracks, produced lower strength and rougher, more tortuous fractures, highlighting the distinct influence of microcracking mechanisms on fracture morphology. Correlation analyses indicated consistent roughness characteristics across different fracture orientations and underscored the link between smoother surfaces and non-tensile microcracks. This study offers new insights into the interplay between microcracking mechanisms, fracture surface roughness, and tensile strength, emphasizing the impact of loading conditions on the fracture behavior of grout. The findings provide a deeper understanding of grout fracture processes, contributing to enhanced design and performance of grout-based structures in engineering applications. Future research could further explore the role of material microstructure on fracture development, aiming to improve the durability and reliability of cement grout in critical infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140395"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the corrosion patterns of rebar in concrete based on CT detection technology","authors":"Yueshun Chen ,&nbsp;Yupeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the corrosion patterns of rebar in concrete using an accelerated corrosion method by applying electrical current. The experiment selected nine groups of samples with three different diameters and three different concrete covers. The corrosion process of rebar in concrete was simulated using a constant current method, and the samples were scanned before and after corrosion using CT detection technology. Avizo software was used to reconstruct the 3D visualization model of the scanned results, and a quantitative analysis of the corrosion degree on the rebar surface was conducted. The analysis results were compared with the corrosion results obtained by Faraday's law and weighing. The results showed that the rebar exhibited non-uniform corrosion in longitudinal and circumferential directions, with the corrosion degree at the rebar ends being more severe than the middle parts. The most severe corrosion occurred mainly on the rebar sections 2–5 mm from the concrete edge; the rebar surface near the concrete crack exhibited more severe corrosion than other parts. Under the same electrification conditions, reducing the cover led to more concentrated corrosion distribution, while increasing the cover or rebar diameter effectively mitigated corrosion damage and resulted in a more dispersed corrosion distribution. The maximum corrosion depth on the rebar cross-section showed uncertainty under the same electrification conditions; the larger the maximum corrosion depth, the more it conformed to a Gaussian distribution, while sections with smaller maximum corrosion depths tended to have multiple corrosion pits. The corrosion rate results calculated based on the CT model were used to correct Faraday's law calculations, and a predictive model for rebar corrosion rate under electrification conditions was established, considering the effects of Faraday's law and rebar diameter. For rebars of different diameters, there was a significant positive correlation between the corrosion rate and corrosion depth, and a linear correlation formula was fitted. This study also found that under the same electrification conditions, for cracks wider than 1 mm, the wider the crack, the smaller the maximum corrosion depth of the rebar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140333"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stability of emulsified asphalt and interfacial behavior of emulsified asphalt-aggregate based on molecular dynamics simulation: A review","authors":"Shuhui Wang ,&nbsp;Aimin Sha ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxiu Jiao ,&nbsp;Xinzhou Li ,&nbsp;Yutong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To deeply analyze the stability of emulsified asphalt and the interfacial behavior of emulsified asphalt-aggregate, this paper reviews the related research progress of emulsified asphalt system based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The construction and validation methods of models for emulsified asphalt and its residues are introduced. The stability mechanisms of emulsified asphalt and the factors affecting its stability are summarized. Furthermore, the distinct roles of emulsifier molecules, water molecules, and asphalt molecules in diffusion on aggregate surfaces are analyzed. The adsorption and demulsification behaviors of emulsifier aqueous solution and emulsified asphalt on aggregate surfaces are effectively evaluated by parameters such as interfacial interaction energy, adhesion energy, radial distribution function, relative concentration distribution, diffusion coefficient, and coordination number. The failure modes of the emulsified asphalt residue-aggregate system are summarized. Finally, the challenges and development trends of MD in emulsified asphalt systems are proposed. The research status shows that MD simulation has broad application prospects in emulsified asphalt system. The molecular structure and dosage of emulsifier, water molecules, asphalt phase structure and modifier all affect the stability of emulsified asphalt. In the emulsified asphalt-aggregate system, water molecules initially tend to move toward the aggregate, driving the hydrophilic group of the emulsifier interacts with the aggregate. While the lipophilic group remains in the asphalt, facilitating the diffusion of asphalt molecules on the aggregate. The adsorption, demulsification, and adhesion behaviors of emulsified asphalt on aggregate surfaces are closely related to the structure and type of emulsifiers and aggregates. The failure modes of the emulsified asphalt residue-aggregate system include adhesive failure between residues and aggregates, cohesive failure within residues, and residue stripping in the presence of water. Future research should focus on refining the molecular models of emulsified asphalt and its residues to better utilize molecular simulations in explaining pavement macroscopic performance. Furthermore, simulation methods such as quantum mechanics are integrated to explore the chemical interactions between modifiers and emulsified asphalt, providing a molecular-level basis for modifier selection and formulation optimization. In addition, the quantitative study of demulsification speed of emulsified asphalt on aggregate surface should be focused based on the molecular level. The effect of cement hydration on the interfacial behavior of emulsified asphalt-aggregate system should be further explored to fully understand and optimize the performance of emulsified asphalt mixture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen-embrittlement phenomena in post-tensioned cables of prestressed concrete bridges","authors":"Silvia Caprili ,&nbsp;Francesca Mattei ,&nbsp;Walter Salvatore ,&nbsp;Renzo Valentini ,&nbsp;Michele Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work shows the results of a wide experimental test campaign on prestressing steel strands extracted from a prestressed-concrete bridge with post-tensioning system located in Northern Italy and affected by combined Hydrogen embrittlement and stress-corrosion phenomena. The prestressing steel cables were totally replaced due to the high deterioration detected during construction; air, humidity, and water coming from the injection nozzles not perfectly sealed, when cables were already under tension but before the completion of grouting operations led to Hydrogen embrittlement phenomena of the steel strands, with a rapid degradation of the mechanical performance and the drop of the deformation capacity. The modification of the failure modality was observed, with lots of strands showing the progressive breakage of single wires instead of the typical bird-cage collapse. Tensile tests on more than 500 strands extracted from about 30 different cables in different positions, together with X-ray tomographies and micro-structural investigations on a reduced set of specimens were performed; results are presented and deeply discussed. Aim of the paper is highlighting the effects of H-embrittlement on prestressing products, the strong impact on the degradation of mechanical performance and the possible negative consequences on the structural behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140336"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the effects of different aggregates on the neutron and gamma radiation shielding properties of ultra-high performance concrete using Monte Carlo methods","authors":"Peng Zhou ,&nbsp;Qingjun Ding ,&nbsp;Dongdong Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Shaolong Huang ,&nbsp;Jinhui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties and shielding performance of UHPC produced with magnetite, barite, hematite, and limonite aggregates. The linear attenuation coefficients (μ) of UHPC containing different aggregates have been calculated using both the Geant4 program and XCom code, and compared with experimental data. In addition, the mechanical properties, density, buildup factors, and the effective fast neutron removal cross-section (∑_R) of these UHPC specimens were also investigated. It was concluded that the μ values of samples containing magnetite, barite, and hematite increased with increasing aggregate content, while the μ values of limonite-loaded UHPC initially increased and then decreased with the increase of aggregate content. The HVL and TVL values for samples containing magnetite, barite, and hematite aggregates, as calculated by the Genat4 code, decreased linearly with the increase of aggregate content. It should be noted that when a single aggregate was utilized, the ∑_R value of the UHPC sample containing magnetite was the largest, followed by hematite, and barite was unsuitable as an aggregate for neutron shielding in UHPC. Furthermore, the EABF and EBF values for UHPC containing different aggregates were lower than those produced with quartz sand, with the exception of a few specific values. The findings of this research will provide a reference for the design of radiation-resistant UHPC in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140375"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of hydration and structure formation of autoclaved aerated concrete with multiple solid wastes","authors":"Shuqiong Luo ,&nbsp;Shuhui Li ,&nbsp;Yuli Wang ,&nbsp;Songhui Liu ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Guowen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compressive strength of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) mainly varies depending on the type and quantity of hydration products as well as the pore structure. Recycled concrete powder (RCP), calcium carbide slag (CCS), fly ash (FA), and Phosphogypsum (PG) were employed to prepare AAC, which is in line with the development direction of green building materials. Nevertheless, the variation rule of hydration and microstructure of AAC fabricated from the aforementioned solid wastes along with the autoclaved curing time and the mechanism need to be clarified urgently. This study explored the influence of different autoclaved curing durations on the compressive strength, hydration products, microstructure, and pore structure of AAC composed of RCP and other diverse solid wastes under the autoclaved condition of 180 ℃. The obtained findings indicate that the compressive strength of the samples attained the maximum value of 8.2 MPa at 9 h of autoclaved curing at 180 ℃, which is 127.78% higher than that of 1 h compressive strength. As the autoclaved curing time increased from 1 h to 10 h, the average pore size initially decreased from 37.047 nm to 22.54 nm and subsequently increased slightly to 23.455 nm. During this process, a significant transformation occurred where C-(A)-S-H gradually converted into tobermorite. The morphology of tobermorite evolved from sheet-like to plate-like and finally to fibrous structures. The accumulation of fibrous tobermorite not only refined the pore structure but also improved the compressive strength. However, an overly long autoclaved curing time (&gt; 9 h) led to the transformation of tobermorite to xonotlite, resulting in a 10.67% decrease in strength and a 4.06% increase in the average pore size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 140344"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}