Drug addiction is an alarming problem in Bangladesh. A number of studies carried out in our country showed that a large segment of young people of Bangladesh are getting involved in drug addiction, which is jeopardizing their own health and safety, while creating various difficulties for their families. The present study was investigated the socio-economic status of young drug addicts and the principle drugs consumed by them with the help of primary data, collected from 42 drug addicts through purposive sampling technique by using structured questionnaire, interview schedule and observation. The key findings of the study depicts that out of 42 drug addicts, highest 14 were unemployed aged from 18-37. Most of them were studied up to primary (30.81%) and secondary (39.34%) level of education. The study revealed highest number of drug addicts (21) lived in their own house and 9 drug addicts lived in rental house. Highest 66.66% of them were the member of extended type family. Study also showed that highest 57.14% drug addicts were unmarried and 40.48% respondents said that their head of the family was their father during the time of their addiction. Most of them buy drugs through collecting money from their family members and criminal activities. About 95.24% drug addicts were addicted in cannabis and 61.90% addicted in yaba. Areas and context specific data are important to identify the causes of drug addiction and also for future policies and effective surveillance initiatives.
{"title":"Socioeconomic Status of Young Drug Addicts in Sylhet City, Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Abdul Ahad, Mitu Chowdhury, M. Islam, M. Alam","doi":"10.9790/0837-2206028491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2206028491","url":null,"abstract":"Drug addiction is an alarming problem in Bangladesh. A number of studies carried out in our country showed that a large segment of young people of Bangladesh are getting involved in drug addiction, which is jeopardizing their own health and safety, while creating various difficulties for their families. The present study was investigated the socio-economic status of young drug addicts and the principle drugs consumed by them with the help of primary data, collected from 42 drug addicts through purposive sampling technique by using structured questionnaire, interview schedule and observation. The key findings of the study depicts that out of 42 drug addicts, highest 14 were unemployed aged from 18-37. Most of them were studied up to primary (30.81%) and secondary (39.34%) level of education. The study revealed highest number of drug addicts (21) lived in their own house and 9 drug addicts lived in rental house. Highest 66.66% of them were the member of extended type family. Study also showed that highest 57.14% drug addicts were unmarried and 40.48% respondents said that their head of the family was their father during the time of their addiction. Most of them buy drugs through collecting money from their family members and criminal activities. About 95.24% drug addicts were addicted in cannabis and 61.90% addicted in yaba. Areas and context specific data are important to identify the causes of drug addiction and also for future policies and effective surveillance initiatives.","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128918635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examined the various administrative reforms in Nigeria and identified the factors affecting the implementation of reforms. These were with a view to providing insight into why the reforms are not yielding the required results. Primary and secondary sources of data collection were utilized for the study. The results showed that about 24 administrative reforms have been implemented in Nigeria. The results revealed that factors such as bribery and corruption (99%); the concept of federal character (69%); insecurity (94%); and the discipline of execution (98%) affected the implementation of administrative reforms in Nigeria. The study concluded that the problem with reform is not in the theory but in the lack of attention to reform implementation.
{"title":"The Administrative Reforms Experience in Nigeria","authors":"I. Igbokwe","doi":"10.9790/0837-2206121019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2206121019","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examined the various administrative reforms in Nigeria and identified the factors affecting the implementation of reforms. These were with a view to providing insight into why the reforms are not yielding the required results. Primary and secondary sources of data collection were utilized for the study. The results showed that about 24 administrative reforms have been implemented in Nigeria. The results revealed that factors such as bribery and corruption (99%); the concept of federal character (69%); insecurity (94%); and the discipline of execution (98%) affected the implementation of administrative reforms in Nigeria. The study concluded that the problem with reform is not in the theory but in the lack of attention to reform implementation.","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122978761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0837-220602101105
P. Premalatha
Kodaikanal, apleasant hill station is on the upper part of the Palani Hills, an offshoot of the Western Ghats Mountain in Tamilnadu. It is one of the finest holiday destinations in the country which is still unharmed by the reckless urbanization and commercialization as seen in some of the other locations. It caters to the needs of all types of tourists with its natural attractions, salubrious climate and strong infrastructure. As a mass tourism destination, the arrival of both domestic and international tourists is increasing every year. Being a favourite tourist destination, Kodaikanal is fast gaining its place in the competition to become an ideal MICE destination in Tamilnadu. Most of the hotels provide facilities for conferences with modern technology and its natural attractions and pleasurable activities provide peace of mind. Business Conferences, meetings, seminars, family gatherings and functions held in the cool and invigorating hill environs ofKodaikanal as its backdrop is a memorable experience.
{"title":"Kodaikanal an Emerging MICE Tourism Destination in Tamilnadu (India)","authors":"P. Premalatha","doi":"10.9790/0837-220602101105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-220602101105","url":null,"abstract":"Kodaikanal, apleasant hill station is on the upper part of the Palani Hills, an offshoot of the Western Ghats Mountain in Tamilnadu. It is one of the finest holiday destinations in the country which is still unharmed by the reckless urbanization and commercialization as seen in some of the other locations. It caters to the needs of all types of tourists with its natural attractions, salubrious climate and strong infrastructure. As a mass tourism destination, the arrival of both domestic and international tourists is increasing every year. Being a favourite tourist destination, Kodaikanal is fast gaining its place in the competition to become an ideal MICE destination in Tamilnadu. Most of the hotels provide facilities for conferences with modern technology and its natural attractions and pleasurable activities provide peace of mind. Business Conferences, meetings, seminars, family gatherings and functions held in the cool and invigorating hill environs ofKodaikanal as its backdrop is a memorable experience.","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131405648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with the understanding of role of Self Help Group (SHG) in Socio-economic development of rural women of the state of Goa. The empowerment of women is vital for the development and growth of the country. Positively motivating women and bringing them into the mainstream of development is a major concern for the Government of India. That was the reason year 2001 was declared as the “Year of women Empowerment” Women’s empowerment is critical to the socio economic progress of the community and to bring women into the mainstream of national development has, therefore, been a major concern of the government. The paper specifically focuses on the Socio-economic development of the SHG members and also tries to understand the challenges faced by them Keyword: Microfinance, Self Help Group, Economic Empowerment, Social Empowerment
{"title":"Women Empowerment Through Self Help Groups: Realities And Challenges","authors":"M. Naik, D. Rodrigues","doi":"10.9790/0837-2206120109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2206120109","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the understanding of role of Self Help Group (SHG) in Socio-economic development of rural women of the state of Goa. The empowerment of women is vital for the development and growth of the country. Positively motivating women and bringing them into the mainstream of development is a major concern for the Government of India. That was the reason year 2001 was declared as the “Year of women Empowerment” Women’s empowerment is critical to the socio economic progress of the community and to bring women into the mainstream of national development has, therefore, been a major concern of the government. The paper specifically focuses on the Socio-economic development of the SHG members and also tries to understand the challenges faced by them Keyword: Microfinance, Self Help Group, Economic Empowerment, Social Empowerment","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124710795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social &Economic Impact Of Mgnrega On Rural Workers: An Empirical Study Of Problems & Prospects","authors":"A. abidi","doi":"10.9790/0837-2206123843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2206123843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123265574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper is a preliminary report of the systematic archaeological surface survey conducted by the author at Dholi Mangari, district Udaipur, Rajasthan. The paper discusses the methodology, findings and the results of the survey. An attempt has been made to establish atentative chronology of the site with the help of ceramic analysis as well as a comparative study of pottery from Dholi Mangari with the excavated sites in the region such as Ahar and Balathal. Keyword: Dholi Mangari, Ahar culture, Chalcolithic Rajasthan. I. DHOLI MANGARI AND ITS ENVIRONS The archaeological site of Dholi Mangari (24°47.482 ́N, 73°49.218 ́E) is located in tehsil Mavli of Udaipur District, Rajasthan. It is located at a distance of about 43 km north of Udaipur city and 23 km from the tehsil headquarters of Mavli towards the west. The site lies close to a small town of GhasaKhedi and can be reached via a metaled road. The archaeological mound of Dholi Mangari is located to the southwest of the present day village and measures approximately 230 m (NS) x 270 m (EW) with an elevation of around 5-6 m above the surrounding areas; however, the mound presents a variegated topography. The mound is completely uninhabited except for a temple perched on the top of the mound. The mound is covered by patches of thick vegetation in the form of thorny bushes and shrubs as well as by kikar trees, which grow on certain portions of the mound. The surface of the mound is strewn with fragments of quartzite, which have been quarried while digging the foundations for the construction of the temple located on the top of the mound. The mound is surrounded by agricultural fields on the three sides and on one side by the present day village. It is a fairly preserved landform without any major encroachments, except for a large chunk of the mound to the north-east, which was removed in the year 2010 for constructional purposes. Figure 1.The Site of Dholi Mangari II. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE SITE Systematic Archaeological Survey at Dholi Mangari: A Preliminary Report DOI: 10.9790/0837-2207013643 www.iosrjournals.org 37 | Page Dholi Mangari is an unprotected archaeological site and has never witnessed any kind of proper archaeological investigations prior to the present survey. In the year 2010, a substantial portion of the mound was bulldozed-off by the locals in order to make the surface level for construction of another temple in the village.They found pottery and fragments of bone coming out of the mound during the process of soil removal. The matter was immediately reported to the concerned authorities of the State Archaeology Department of Rajasthan, whose timely intervention prevented the mound from being destroyed any further. The members of the team carried out a preliminary survey of the site and also collected samples of pottery from the surface. However, the site was never surveyed or reported properly beyond catching the headlines of a few local newspapers.
{"title":"Systematic Archaeological Survey at Dholi Mangari: A Preliminary Report","authors":"M. Roy","doi":"10.9790/0837-2207013643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2207013643","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper is a preliminary report of the systematic archaeological surface survey conducted by the author at Dholi Mangari, district Udaipur, Rajasthan. The paper discusses the methodology, findings and the results of the survey. An attempt has been made to establish atentative chronology of the site with the help of ceramic analysis as well as a comparative study of pottery from Dholi Mangari with the excavated sites in the region such as Ahar and Balathal. Keyword: Dholi Mangari, Ahar culture, Chalcolithic Rajasthan. I. DHOLI MANGARI AND ITS ENVIRONS The archaeological site of Dholi Mangari (24°47.482 ́N, 73°49.218 ́E) is located in tehsil Mavli of Udaipur District, Rajasthan. It is located at a distance of about 43 km north of Udaipur city and 23 km from the tehsil headquarters of Mavli towards the west. The site lies close to a small town of GhasaKhedi and can be reached via a metaled road. The archaeological mound of Dholi Mangari is located to the southwest of the present day village and measures approximately 230 m (NS) x 270 m (EW) with an elevation of around 5-6 m above the surrounding areas; however, the mound presents a variegated topography. The mound is completely uninhabited except for a temple perched on the top of the mound. The mound is covered by patches of thick vegetation in the form of thorny bushes and shrubs as well as by kikar trees, which grow on certain portions of the mound. The surface of the mound is strewn with fragments of quartzite, which have been quarried while digging the foundations for the construction of the temple located on the top of the mound. The mound is surrounded by agricultural fields on the three sides and on one side by the present day village. It is a fairly preserved landform without any major encroachments, except for a large chunk of the mound to the north-east, which was removed in the year 2010 for constructional purposes. Figure 1.The Site of Dholi Mangari II. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE SITE Systematic Archaeological Survey at Dholi Mangari: A Preliminary Report DOI: 10.9790/0837-2207013643 www.iosrjournals.org 37 | Page Dholi Mangari is an unprotected archaeological site and has never witnessed any kind of proper archaeological investigations prior to the present survey. In the year 2010, a substantial portion of the mound was bulldozed-off by the locals in order to make the surface level for construction of another temple in the village.They found pottery and fragments of bone coming out of the mound during the process of soil removal. The matter was immediately reported to the concerned authorities of the State Archaeology Department of Rajasthan, whose timely intervention prevented the mound from being destroyed any further. The members of the team carried out a preliminary survey of the site and also collected samples of pottery from the surface. However, the site was never surveyed or reported properly beyond catching the headlines of a few local newspapers. ","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116408920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wuthering Heights "is an English genre of fiction popular in the 18th century. It is characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and having a pseudo-medieval setting. It is a multigenerational Gothic and romantic novel. It revolves around the doomed love between Heathcliff and Catherine .Wuthering Heights sheds the lights with Lockwood, an owner of Heathcliff's, coming the home of his landlord Mr. Earnshaw, a Yorkshire Farmer and owner of Wuthering Heights, brings home an orphan from Liverpool. The baby is called Heathcliff and lives with the Earnshaw children, Hindley and Catherine.It is a movement that refers to ruin, decay, love, romance death, terror, and chaos, and unusual irrationality and compassion over rationality and sense.
{"title":"Wuthering Heights as a Gothic Novel)","authors":"Mushtaq Ahmed Kadhim Aldewan","doi":"10.9790/0837-2207010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2207010105","url":null,"abstract":"Wuthering Heights \"is an English genre of fiction popular in the 18th century. It is characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and having a pseudo-medieval setting. It is a multigenerational Gothic and romantic novel. It revolves around the doomed love between Heathcliff and Catherine .Wuthering Heights sheds the lights with Lockwood, an owner of Heathcliff's, coming the home of his landlord Mr. Earnshaw, a Yorkshire Farmer and owner of Wuthering Heights, brings home an orphan from Liverpool. The baby is called Heathcliff and lives with the Earnshaw children, Hindley and Catherine.It is a movement that refers to ruin, decay, love, romance death, terror, and chaos, and unusual irrationality and compassion over rationality and sense.","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126650846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Supplier Selection of Local Government Purchases In China：Case Study Of Shanghai","authors":"S. Si","doi":"10.9790/0837-2206025057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2206025057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127585000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PRESENTATION DU SUJET D’aucun n’ignore que les violences sexuelles faites aux femmes et surtout les viols d’enfants sont devenus monnaie courante en République Démocratique du Congo rendant ainsi la condition de l’enfant très vulnérable qu’elle ne l’était déjà par rapport à son milieu, son manque de maturité physique et émotionnelle nécessitant une attention particulière pour sa protection. La constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo du 18 février 2006 en son article 123, point 16, consacre une place importante aux personnes vulnérables, notamment aux enfants entant que renouvellement de l’être et de la vie, en s’engageant dans la voie de faire de leur protection son cheval de bataille. Bien que la République Démocratique du Congo dispose des moyens de persuasion pour décourager les délinquants des violences sexuelles, ceux-ci ne désarment pas pour autant sur tout dans les zones rurales où le taux de ces infractions reste élevé. Cette situation s’explique par le fait que dans ces milieux, les citoyens ignorent non pas seulement leurs droits mais aussi, ils ne sont pas informés ; les organes de répression font dans la plupart de cas défaut et lorsqu’ils sont là, il faut effectuer une longue distance pour les atteindre. Surtout, certaines coutumes et traditions ne favorisent pas l’épanouissement des enfants notamment des filles. En dépit du fait que le viol soit une infraction qui se commette en cachette et que sa preuve soit très difficile à apporter, souvent quand les victimes se proposent de porter l’affaire en justice, généralement elles le font en retard pendant que les preuves deviennent difficiles à reconstituer ou à apporter. Aussi, les facteurs psychologiques notamment le traumatisme psychosociale tels que le viol, l’inceste et la molestation sexuelle ont un impacte négatif sur la vie de la victime. L’article 171 de la loi n° 09/001 du 10 janvier '2009 portant protection de l’enfant répute le viol avec une personne âgée de moins de dix-huit ans, viol à l’aide des violences. Il en va sans dire que tout rapport sexuel avec des personnes âgées de moins de dix-huit ans, avec ou sans consentement de celles-ci est réputé viol avec violences. Pour asseoir la conviction du juge afin d’arracher la condamnation de l’auteur de l’infraction, les parties au procès notamment la partie victime doit prouver la véracité des faits allégués.il incombera à la partie victime d’apporter d’abord par le moyen de droit la preuve de sa minorité, puis les faits même se rapportant au viol. Dans cette démarche, les actes dressés tant par l’officier de l’état civil, par le médecin que par le psychologue s’avèrent indispensables pour établir la véracité des faits allégués. Il sera question pour nous dans le cadre de cette réflexion de démontrer comment les actes de l’état civil et ceux établis par le médecin ainsi que le psychologue sont indispensables pour la répression de viol d’enfant commis dans les zones rurales en République Démocratique du Congo ainsi
{"title":"La répression de l’infraction de viol d’enfant dans les zones rurales en République Démocratique du Congo","authors":"K. Matthieu","doi":"10.9790/0837-2206023543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2206023543","url":null,"abstract":"PRESENTATION DU SUJET D’aucun n’ignore que les violences sexuelles faites aux femmes et surtout les viols d’enfants sont devenus monnaie courante en République Démocratique du Congo rendant ainsi la condition de l’enfant très vulnérable qu’elle ne l’était déjà par rapport à son milieu, son manque de maturité physique et émotionnelle nécessitant une attention particulière pour sa protection. La constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo du 18 février 2006 en son article 123, point 16, consacre une place importante aux personnes vulnérables, notamment aux enfants entant que renouvellement de l’être et de la vie, en s’engageant dans la voie de faire de leur protection son cheval de bataille. Bien que la République Démocratique du Congo dispose des moyens de persuasion pour décourager les délinquants des violences sexuelles, ceux-ci ne désarment pas pour autant sur tout dans les zones rurales où le taux de ces infractions reste élevé. Cette situation s’explique par le fait que dans ces milieux, les citoyens ignorent non pas seulement leurs droits mais aussi, ils ne sont pas informés ; les organes de répression font dans la plupart de cas défaut et lorsqu’ils sont là, il faut effectuer une longue distance pour les atteindre. Surtout, certaines coutumes et traditions ne favorisent pas l’épanouissement des enfants notamment des filles. En dépit du fait que le viol soit une infraction qui se commette en cachette et que sa preuve soit très difficile à apporter, souvent quand les victimes se proposent de porter l’affaire en justice, généralement elles le font en retard pendant que les preuves deviennent difficiles à reconstituer ou à apporter. Aussi, les facteurs psychologiques notamment le traumatisme psychosociale tels que le viol, l’inceste et la molestation sexuelle ont un impacte négatif sur la vie de la victime. L’article 171 de la loi n° 09/001 du 10 janvier '2009 portant protection de l’enfant répute le viol avec une personne âgée de moins de dix-huit ans, viol à l’aide des violences. Il en va sans dire que tout rapport sexuel avec des personnes âgées de moins de dix-huit ans, avec ou sans consentement de celles-ci est réputé viol avec violences. Pour asseoir la conviction du juge afin d’arracher la condamnation de l’auteur de l’infraction, les parties au procès notamment la partie victime doit prouver la véracité des faits allégués.il incombera à la partie victime d’apporter d’abord par le moyen de droit la preuve de sa minorité, puis les faits même se rapportant au viol. Dans cette démarche, les actes dressés tant par l’officier de l’état civil, par le médecin que par le psychologue s’avèrent indispensables pour établir la véracité des faits allégués. Il sera question pour nous dans le cadre de cette réflexion de démontrer comment les actes de l’état civil et ceux établis par le médecin ainsi que le psychologue sont indispensables pour la répression de viol d’enfant commis dans les zones rurales en République Démocratique du Congo ainsi ","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116774577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water sector has been undergoing various reforms in the past decade aimed at promoting projects sustainability. There is a general acceptance that community project participation influence project performance, however the influence of participation in decision making on sustainability of community water projects is not clear. This study sought to establish the influence of community participation in decision making on sustainability of community water projects in Kenya, a case of Nyeri County. The study adopted a mixed method research anchored on a concurrent triangulation. The study was conducted in three sub counties of Nyeri County, Tetu, Mathira and Nyeri central which had a total of 10 water projects with 1052 beneficiaries. Respondents for this study comprised three strata. In the first strata were water project beneficiaries picked using Yamane formula (1967) and resulted into a sample size of 290 and later proportionately stratified across the ten water projects. Individual respondents of beneficiaries were identified using a systematic sampling procedure and subjected to self administered questionnaire. Out of 290 contacted respondents 207 positively responded to the survey questionnaire representing 71.38 percent successful return rate. The second strata comprised of 8 respondents who were included in focus group discussions of which 3 were committee members purposely selected and 5 randomly selected ordinary project beneficiaries. The third strata comprised of 10 water officers one each from the 10 water who were subjected to a semi structured interview. Instrument validity was ensured with input from two supervisors from the University of Nairobi while reliability was determined using a split-half testing technique. Quantitative data was analyzed using linear regression model in SPSS software. The study established a significant independent influence at (p < 0.000) of community participation; in decision making on sustainability of community water projects at 5% level of significance. The increasing strength of participation from weak, moderate to strong was positively correlated to the level of project sustainability. To guarantee project sustainability the study recommends that community projects ensure project beneficiaries are involved in all the stages of the project implementation and management.
{"title":"Community Participation in Project Decision Making and Sustainability of Community Water Projects in Kenya","authors":"Fredrick N Muniu, C. Gakuu, C. Rambo","doi":"10.9790/0837-2207011024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2207011024","url":null,"abstract":"Water sector has been undergoing various reforms in the past decade aimed at promoting projects sustainability. There is a general acceptance that community project participation influence project performance, however the influence of participation in decision making on sustainability of community water projects is not clear. This study sought to establish the influence of community participation in decision making on sustainability of community water projects in Kenya, a case of Nyeri County. The study adopted a mixed method research anchored on a concurrent triangulation. The study was conducted in three sub counties of Nyeri County, Tetu, Mathira and Nyeri central which had a total of 10 water projects with 1052 beneficiaries. Respondents for this study comprised three strata. In the first strata were water project beneficiaries picked using Yamane formula (1967) and resulted into a sample size of 290 and later proportionately stratified across the ten water projects. Individual respondents of beneficiaries were identified using a systematic sampling procedure and subjected to self administered questionnaire. Out of 290 contacted respondents 207 positively responded to the survey questionnaire representing 71.38 percent successful return rate. The second strata comprised of 8 respondents who were included in focus group discussions of which 3 were committee members purposely selected and 5 randomly selected ordinary project beneficiaries. The third strata comprised of 10 water officers one each from the 10 water who were subjected to a semi structured interview. Instrument validity was ensured with input from two supervisors from the University of Nairobi while reliability was determined using a split-half testing technique. Quantitative data was analyzed using linear regression model in SPSS software. The study established a significant independent influence at (p < 0.000) of community participation; in decision making on sustainability of community water projects at 5% level of significance. The increasing strength of participation from weak, moderate to strong was positively correlated to the level of project sustainability. To guarantee project sustainability the study recommends that community projects ensure project beneficiaries are involved in all the stages of the project implementation and management.","PeriodicalId":288320,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123756851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：