An examination is made of the important loss aspects of the design of co-axial winding transformers such as the influence of skin effect on winding resistance, the variation of the core loss caused by nonuniform core flux density, and the choice of the principle dimensions and aspect ratios for maximum efficiency. Experimental measurements on a 50 kVA 50 kHz unit are included to confirm portions of the analytical results and suggested design procedures.<>
{"title":"Design considerations for high frequency co-axial winding power transformers","authors":"M. S. Rauls, D. Novotny, D. Divan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178351","url":null,"abstract":"An examination is made of the important loss aspects of the design of co-axial winding transformers such as the influence of skin effect on winding resistance, the variation of the core loss caused by nonuniform core flux density, and the choice of the principle dimensions and aspect ratios for maximum efficiency. Experimental measurements on a 50 kVA 50 kHz unit are included to confirm portions of the analytical results and suggested design procedures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128276468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A robotic compliant wrist device which combines passive compliance and a displacement sensor for robots to facilitate various complex manipulation tasks has been developed. The wrist provides the necessary flexibility to accommodate transitions as robots make contact with the workpiece, to correct the positioning error of robots and the geometric tolerance of parts, and to avoid high impact forces normally generated in manufacturing operations. The sensing from the wrist device is used in the feedback loop for actively controlling contact forces and compensating for positioning errors during motion and contact. The authors present the design of two prototypes of the wrist device, and then propose a systematic hybrid position force control scheme for the robot and compliant wrist system. They also discuss the design of a fuzzy controller which assigns velocities for the measured forces in the corresponding directions in insertion operation. The controller is composed of four parts: fuzzification interface, knowledge base, decision-making logic, and defuzzification interface. Compared with the method of evaluating exact force zones, the fuzzy control approach presented a smoother performance, and yielded a fast process towards a full insertion.<>
{"title":"Fuzzy control of robot and compliant wrist system","authors":"Y. Xu, R. Paul, H. Shum","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178048","url":null,"abstract":"A robotic compliant wrist device which combines passive compliance and a displacement sensor for robots to facilitate various complex manipulation tasks has been developed. The wrist provides the necessary flexibility to accommodate transitions as robots make contact with the workpiece, to correct the positioning error of robots and the geometric tolerance of parts, and to avoid high impact forces normally generated in manufacturing operations. The sensing from the wrist device is used in the feedback loop for actively controlling contact forces and compensating for positioning errors during motion and contact. The authors present the design of two prototypes of the wrist device, and then propose a systematic hybrid position force control scheme for the robot and compliant wrist system. They also discuss the design of a fuzzy controller which assigns velocities for the measured forces in the corresponding directions in insertion operation. The controller is composed of four parts: fuzzification interface, knowledge base, decision-making logic, and defuzzification interface. Compared with the method of evaluating exact force zones, the fuzzy control approach presented a smoother performance, and yielded a fast process towards a full insertion.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128507994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A ceramic-made reactor is used for the generation of high-frequency surface discharge to produce a planar plasma region over its surface, and the gas containing pollutants is contacted to this region to be exposed to radicals (OH, O, O/sup 3/, N, NH/sub 2/, H, etc.) to be decomposed or oxidized. this process has a wide application range from diesel engines, industrial furnaces,incinerators, and food processing to large industrial and utility boilers.<>
{"title":"Destruction of gaseous pollutants by surface induced plasma chemical process-SPCP","authors":"S. Masuda, X. Tu, K. Sakakibara","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178321","url":null,"abstract":"A ceramic-made reactor is used for the generation of high-frequency surface discharge to produce a planar plasma region over its surface, and the gas containing pollutants is contacted to this region to be exposed to radicals (OH, O, O/sup 3/, N, NH/sub 2/, H, etc.) to be decomposed or oxidized. this process has a wide application range from diesel engines, industrial furnaces,incinerators, and food processing to large industrial and utility boilers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134608316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In loaded cables, the copper and dielectric losses cause the conductor and insulation to heat up. Normally the dielectric expands 1 to 2 percent more than the conductor in radial direction. A cavity will form between the conductor and the insulation material. The change in the energy stored in this cavity creates an electrostatic force. This force leads to thermomechanical breakdown of cable dielectric. An experimental technique is suggested, designed, and used to measure the electrostatic force.<>
{"title":"Electrostatic effects on the cable dielectric","authors":"O. Gouda, A. El-Zein, S. El-Dessouky","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178213","url":null,"abstract":"In loaded cables, the copper and dielectric losses cause the conductor and insulation to heat up. Normally the dielectric expands 1 to 2 percent more than the conductor in radial direction. A cavity will form between the conductor and the insulation material. The change in the energy stored in this cavity creates an electrostatic force. This force leads to thermomechanical breakdown of cable dielectric. An experimental technique is suggested, designed, and used to measure the electrostatic force.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"532 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133355314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kalinowsky, J. J. Martello, A. K. Yee, M. Forte
In 1989 and 1990, tests on energy-saving fluorescent ballast and lamp combinations were conducted. These tests consisted of varying the applied voltage from base voltage (120 V or 277 V) down to 75% of base and up to 15% above base in incremental steps. The electrical parameters of active power, reactive power, current, and harmonic content of the current and voltage relative to the fundamental 60 Hz input were measured and recorded at each step of the voltage traverse. The illumination characteristics were also recorded. The tests were performed to determine compatibility of lamp/ballast systems to maximize the efficiency of both illumination and electrical characteristics as they affect the utilities from the point of view of demand-side management. A reduction in harmonic content for some combinations of ballasts with T8, T10, and T12 bulbs was obtained for these systems relative to those similarly tested in the 1980s. Some solid-state ballast and lamp combinations exhibited current harmonic content below 10% for total harmonic distortion. Certain lighting systems exhibited constant illumination both at lowered and elevated voltage levels.<>
{"title":"Harmonic content and illumination characteristics versus voltage for energy saving fluorescent lighting systems","authors":"S. Kalinowsky, J. J. Martello, A. K. Yee, M. Forte","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178108","url":null,"abstract":"In 1989 and 1990, tests on energy-saving fluorescent ballast and lamp combinations were conducted. These tests consisted of varying the applied voltage from base voltage (120 V or 277 V) down to 75% of base and up to 15% above base in incremental steps. The electrical parameters of active power, reactive power, current, and harmonic content of the current and voltage relative to the fundamental 60 Hz input were measured and recorded at each step of the voltage traverse. The illumination characteristics were also recorded. The tests were performed to determine compatibility of lamp/ballast systems to maximize the efficiency of both illumination and electrical characteristics as they affect the utilities from the point of view of demand-side management. A reduction in harmonic content for some combinations of ballasts with T8, T10, and T12 bulbs was obtained for these systems relative to those similarly tested in the 1980s. Some solid-state ballast and lamp combinations exhibited current harmonic content below 10% for total harmonic distortion. Certain lighting systems exhibited constant illumination both at lowered and elevated voltage levels.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130543803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The predominant engineering tool that allows the designer to evaluate short circuit protection levels is the current limiting effect chart. The author discusses the chart, and electrical system parameters than can affect the let-through values of current limiting fuses, and application considerations of how the let-through values are compared to the short circuit withstand ratings of static components such as wire, cable, bus structure, and motor starters. It is noted that protection of circuit breakers which exhibit current limiting characteristics requires additional analysis. The use of current limiting effect charts alone will not provide enough data to engineer protection of these types of breakers. The protection of circuit breakers which exhibit current limiting characteristics with current limiting fuses is addressed.<>
{"title":"Current limiting effects charts-a valuable engineering tool","authors":"S. Schaffer","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178102","url":null,"abstract":"The predominant engineering tool that allows the designer to evaluate short circuit protection levels is the current limiting effect chart. The author discusses the chart, and electrical system parameters than can affect the let-through values of current limiting fuses, and application considerations of how the let-through values are compared to the short circuit withstand ratings of static components such as wire, cable, bus structure, and motor starters. It is noted that protection of circuit breakers which exhibit current limiting characteristics requires additional analysis. The use of current limiting effect charts alone will not provide enough data to engineer protection of these types of breakers. The protection of circuit breakers which exhibit current limiting characteristics with current limiting fuses is addressed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116398938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For moving coil actuator (voice coil motor) implemented in disk drives, the access time is computed for different types of steels. For each type of steel used in the actuator a set of optimized dimensions are found, given the mechanical, electrical, and material constraints. A flow chart of the optimization procedure is presented and commented upon. A discussion of the practicality of the results is included.<>
{"title":"The choice of steel in a moving coil actuator for disk drives","authors":"J. Wagner","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178144","url":null,"abstract":"For moving coil actuator (voice coil motor) implemented in disk drives, the access time is computed for different types of steels. For each type of steel used in the actuator a set of optimized dimensions are found, given the mechanical, electrical, and material constraints. A flow chart of the optimization procedure is presented and commented upon. A discussion of the practicality of the results is included.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123852359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern digital control systems for electric drives include high-performance and sophisticated functions implemented either to enhance performance and improve reliability (adaptive controllers, fault detection, etc.) or to simplify human work (dialogue, autotuning, etc.). The authors list, characterize, and sort these functions. They then present a specific real-time executive developed to manage them. This real-time executive, dedicated to critical time applications with important communication constraints, has been designed and implemented on a 16 bit host card. An application has been chosen to test the communication services and the management of the critical-time functions.<>
{"title":"Design of an intelligent axis","authors":"A. Petit, J. Rognon, D. Roye","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178092","url":null,"abstract":"Modern digital control systems for electric drives include high-performance and sophisticated functions implemented either to enhance performance and improve reliability (adaptive controllers, fault detection, etc.) or to simplify human work (dialogue, autotuning, etc.). The authors list, characterize, and sort these functions. They then present a specific real-time executive developed to manage them. This real-time executive, dedicated to critical time applications with important communication constraints, has been designed and implemented on a 16 bit host card. An application has been chosen to test the communication services and the management of the critical-time functions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122280071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For power ratings between one and fifty kilowatts, three switch technologies in medium and high frequency can be used: bipolar transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and MOSFET. A theoretical study has been verified on a 3 kW prototype, and the conclusions could be extended for more important power converters. The designer in power electronics must choose the commutation mode and the technology of the switch to obtain the best possible performances (frequency, efficiency, etc.). The aim of this work is to help the designer to make this choice.<>
{"title":"Influence of rising frequency on semiconductors in DC-DC conversion","authors":"J. Roudet, J. Ferrieux, J. Pérard","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178370","url":null,"abstract":"For power ratings between one and fifty kilowatts, three switch technologies in medium and high frequency can be used: bipolar transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and MOSFET. A theoretical study has been verified on a 3 kW prototype, and the conclusions could be extended for more important power converters. The designer in power electronics must choose the commutation mode and the technology of the switch to obtain the best possible performances (frequency, efficiency, etc.). The aim of this work is to help the designer to make this choice.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124738887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A resonant DC link dual converter system is presented for motor drives. Operating characteristics are presented. The proposed control scheme of resonant initial current and clamp circuit can solve the problems of zero crossing miss and the peak voltage of resonant capacitor. Using experimental tests, the authors confirm that the proposed resonant dual converter system can control bidirectional power flow successfully in the steady state and transient state with induction motor drives.<>
{"title":"Resonant DC link dual converter system for motor drives","authors":"S. Kondo, S. Yang, S. Takizawa, F. Harashima","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178329","url":null,"abstract":"A resonant DC link dual converter system is presented for motor drives. Operating characteristics are presented. The proposed control scheme of resonant initial current and clamp circuit can solve the problems of zero crossing miss and the peak voltage of resonant capacitor. Using experimental tests, the authors confirm that the proposed resonant dual converter system can control bidirectional power flow successfully in the steady state and transient state with induction motor drives.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125038330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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