Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568727
E. C. Burdette, M. L. Studwell
The establishment of organ banks for long-term storage could become feasible if rapid, uniform electromagnetic thawing of cryopreserved organs can be accomplished. Internal and external temperature measurements of the organ during thawing will be nec essary to provide real-time data on tissue heating rate and distribution. This information will be use ful for both optimization of thawing system design and as an input for system power control. But because conventional measurement techniques which are useful at cryogenic temperatures are not suitable for use with EM thawing systems, several alternative methods for making temperature measurements have been inves tigated. These alternative methods include techniques where temperature probes are implanted in the bio logical tissue and techniques employing non-invasive temperature sensors. From a clinical standpoint, a non-invasive temperature sensor would be the best alternative for measurements in cryopreserved organs. It would minimize introduction of foreign materials into the organ and would also reduce long term costs by eliminating the need to implant separate sensors in each organ. On the other hand, temperature probes can provide localized temperature data which a ■noninvasive measurement technique might not. Also, probes are more nearly feasible in the current measurement technology than are non-invasive techniques. In this paper, the requirements of a cryogenic temperature sensor suitable for use in the presence of an electro magnetic field will be discussed and both non-invasive and probe measurement techniques will be considered.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cryogenic Temperature Sensors for Use in Electromagnetic Fields","authors":"E. C. Burdette, M. L. Studwell","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568727","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of organ banks for long-term storage could become feasible if rapid, uniform electromagnetic thawing of cryopreserved organs can be accomplished. Internal and external temperature measurements of the organ during thawing will be nec essary to provide real-time data on tissue heating rate and distribution. This information will be use ful for both optimization of thawing system design and as an input for system power control. But because conventional measurement techniques which are useful at cryogenic temperatures are not suitable for use with EM thawing systems, several alternative methods for making temperature measurements have been inves tigated. These alternative methods include techniques where temperature probes are implanted in the bio logical tissue and techniques employing non-invasive temperature sensors. From a clinical standpoint, a non-invasive temperature sensor would be the best alternative for measurements in cryopreserved organs. It would minimize introduction of foreign materials into the organ and would also reduce long term costs by eliminating the need to implant separate sensors in each organ. On the other hand, temperature probes can provide localized temperature data which a ■noninvasive measurement technique might not. Also, probes are more nearly feasible in the current measurement technology than are non-invasive techniques. In this paper, the requirements of a cryogenic temperature sensor suitable for use in the presence of an electro magnetic field will be discussed and both non-invasive and probe measurement techniques will be considered.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568743
H. Schuman, R. Harrington
Many problems in EMC involve structures which are, either exactly or approximately, rotationally sym metric. This property can be used to advantage in a method of moments formulation of a problem, In this paper current and potential capabilities of available body of revolution (BOR) computer codes are described and examples are given. Applications of these codes include radiation and scattering from BORs, coupling through apertures in BORs, and mutual coupling between antennas near a BOR. Also these codes are useful for analyzing bodies that only partially satisfy rotational symmetry. An example is a wire arbitrarily located in the vicinity of a BOR. Another example is coupling through arbitrarily shaped apertures in a BOR.
{"title":"Body of Revolution Modelling and Applications to EMC","authors":"H. Schuman, R. Harrington","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568743","url":null,"abstract":"Many problems in EMC involve structures which are, either exactly or approximately, rotationally sym metric. This property can be used to advantage in a method of moments formulation of a problem, In this paper current and potential capabilities of available body of revolution (BOR) computer codes are described and examples are given. Applications of these codes include radiation and scattering from BORs, coupling through apertures in BORs, and mutual coupling between antennas near a BOR. Also these codes are useful for analyzing bodies that only partially satisfy rotational symmetry. An example is a wire arbitrarily located in the vicinity of a BOR. Another example is coupling through arbitrarily shaped apertures in a BOR.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133875983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568741
A. Adams, P. Hsi, A. Farrar
A computer program for the analysis of random effects in planar arrays is described. The method of moments is applied iteratively in conjunc tion with a random sampling process, to obtain mean far field beam patterns and their expected variation. Block-Toeplitz impedance redundancies and the zeros of the excitation matrix are utilized in a special effi cient solution routine. Separate array analysis at fundamental and harmonic frequencies yields the ex pected ratio of harmonic to fundamental levels. The theory of the computer program is outlined and typical results are presented. Significant gain degradation is predicted at harmonic frequencies.
{"title":"Random Effects in Planar Arrays of Dipoles","authors":"A. Adams, P. Hsi, A. Farrar","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568741","url":null,"abstract":"A computer program for the analysis of random effects in planar arrays is described. The method of moments is applied iteratively in conjunc tion with a random sampling process, to obtain mean far field beam patterns and their expected variation. Block-Toeplitz impedance redundancies and the zeros of the excitation matrix are utilized in a special effi cient solution routine. Separate array analysis at fundamental and harmonic frequencies yields the ex pected ratio of harmonic to fundamental levels. The theory of the computer program is outlined and typical results are presented. Significant gain degradation is predicted at harmonic frequencies.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128454410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568699
G. Pellegrini, A. Raimo, C. Reynaud
The Authors consider EMC problems in H.V.substations in which the protection,measurement and control functions are obtained with up-to date solid-state technologies equipment; the system configuration is typical and includes line and transformer bays. The A.,in order to evaluate the problems in a systematic way,consider.the power system and equipment. in it installed,either if H.V.components or for control and supervision, as components of a system for which the compatibility is to be ensured. The A.examine the main interference sources; for a full diagnostic of environmental situation, the evaluation is extended also for the case of atmospheric perturbations for which the electromagnetic fields and than the transient induced voltages, reach the maximum values. The A.examine`some control methods for reducing the interferences to a level according to the noise immunity of considered control electronic equipment. The interference level shall meet the Enel and international recommendations in case of conventional equipment. In this context the A.point-out the attention on the type of connection to be used between H.V.parts and control equipment,either if control is centralized or not. The A.give experimental results carried out in substations controlled by conventional systems where proper protection were adopted in various interested circuits. The A. evidence problems and possible solutions for protecting computers against conducted and radiated interference. In particular they mention control methods for the screening of control and peripheral rooms, grounding, power supply and interfaces with H.V. and peripheral power equipment. At the end of the paper the A. evidence it is necessary to improve the knowledge of equivalent noise generators applied to circuits of installed equipment; characteristics of generators to be used to verify the reached EMC of equipment are given.
{"title":"EMC Problems in H.V. Substations","authors":"G. Pellegrini, A. Raimo, C. Reynaud","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568699","url":null,"abstract":"The Authors consider EMC problems in H.V.substations in which the protection,measurement and control functions are obtained with up-to date solid-state technologies equipment; the system configuration is typical and includes line and transformer bays. The A.,in order to evaluate the problems in a systematic way,consider.the power system and equipment. in it installed,either if H.V.components or for control and supervision, as components of a system for which the compatibility is to be ensured. The A.examine the main interference sources; for a full diagnostic of environmental situation, the evaluation is extended also for the case of atmospheric perturbations for which the electromagnetic fields and than the transient induced voltages, reach the maximum values. The A.examine`some control methods for reducing the interferences to a level according to the noise immunity of considered control electronic equipment. The interference level shall meet the Enel and international recommendations in case of conventional equipment. In this context the A.point-out the attention on the type of connection to be used between H.V.parts and control equipment,either if control is centralized or not. The A.give experimental results carried out in substations controlled by conventional systems where proper protection were adopted in various interested circuits. The A. evidence problems and possible solutions for protecting computers against conducted and radiated interference. In particular they mention control methods for the screening of control and peripheral rooms, grounding, power supply and interfaces with H.V. and peripheral power equipment. At the end of the paper the A. evidence it is necessary to improve the knowledge of equivalent noise generators applied to circuits of installed equipment; characteristics of generators to be used to verify the reached EMC of equipment are given.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126787340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568734
D. White, J. Zorn
{"title":"EMC Design Synthesis Using Programmable Calculators and Minicomputers","authors":"D. White, J. Zorn","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568734","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116759046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568693
J. Engstrom, J. Malack
{"title":"Simulation of Electronic Data Processing/Office Machines Equipment Emanations in AM Broadcast Receiver Studies","authors":"J. Engstrom, J. Malack","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126317112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568739
Pradeep N. Bansod, R. Kitai
The microprocessor has developed over the last few years into a computer built on a few low cost chips. This has facilitated the use of firmware techniques in many areas where, previously, computer applications were too expensive. Thus it is finding widespread use in digital instrumentation and signal processing; this paper describes a microprocessor in such an application. While sinusoids have traditionally been used in spectral analysis, the bipolar Walsh functions, which also constitute an orthonormal set, are increasingly coming into use in this field. In evaluating the coefficients of a Walsh series, a Walsh spectral analyser has only to accumulate sampled values of the signal. The multiplications involved in Fourier analysis are eliminated, thus simplifying the hardware and increasing the speed. A digital Walsh spectral analyzer, to generate the first 64 coefficients of a periodic signal, has been designed and built.
{"title":"Microprocessor Application in Walsh-Fourier Spectral Conversion","authors":"Pradeep N. Bansod, R. Kitai","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568739","url":null,"abstract":"The microprocessor has developed over the last few years into a computer built on a few low cost chips. This has facilitated the use of firmware techniques in many areas where, previously, computer applications were too expensive. Thus it is finding widespread use in digital instrumentation and signal processing; this paper describes a microprocessor in such an application. While sinusoids have traditionally been used in spectral analysis, the bipolar Walsh functions, which also constitute an orthonormal set, are increasingly coming into use in this field. In evaluating the coefficients of a Walsh series, a Walsh spectral analyser has only to accumulate sampled values of the signal. The multiplications involved in Fourier analysis are eliminated, thus simplifying the hardware and increasing the speed. A digital Walsh spectral analyzer, to generate the first 64 coefficients of a periodic signal, has been designed and built.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128378810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568745
L. Medgyesi-Mitschang
An extension of the method of moments (MM) technique predicting the radiation characteristics of extended HF and VHF off-surface radiators on aircraft, is presented. In this analysis, the aircraft fuselage is approximated as a body of revolution. Protruding appendages on the body (such as rotors on helicopters) are treated as parasitic elements. A computer algorithm implementing this approach is used to calculate the power radiated by helicopters equipped with off-surface radiators. The effects of lossy ground planes in vicinity of the aircraft are considered and compared with published range data.
{"title":"Analysis of Extended Off-Surface Radiators","authors":"L. Medgyesi-Mitschang","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568745","url":null,"abstract":"An extension of the method of moments (MM) technique predicting the radiation characteristics of extended HF and VHF off-surface radiators on aircraft, is presented. In this analysis, the aircraft fuselage is approximated as a body of revolution. Protruding appendages on the body (such as rotors on helicopters) are treated as parasitic elements. A computer algorithm implementing this approach is used to calculate the power radiated by helicopters equipped with off-surface radiators. The effects of lossy ground planes in vicinity of the aircraft are considered and compared with published range data.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126854916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568721
J. T. Kung, M. P. Amason
Graphite and boron epoxy composite aircraft structures are vul nerable to lightning strike damage if not properly designed. Conven tional lightning protection design concepts need to be modified by placing special emphasis on light weight, low cost, and ease o f mainte nance aspects o f the design. This paper introduces two new design concepts: (1) the isolation concept — the complete isolation of advanced composite structure from lightning current paths and (2) the conductive concept — the use o f graphite composite structure to safely conduct lightning currents. Through the proper use o f these and other design concepts developed by the industry, advanced com posite aircraft structures can be adequately protected from lightning hazard. Laboratory simulated lightning test data supporting these two design concepts are presented. The applications o f these design con cepts including the DC-10 composite rudder design are also discussed.
{"title":"Lightning Protection Design Concepts for Advanced Composite Structures","authors":"J. T. Kung, M. P. Amason","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568721","url":null,"abstract":"Graphite and boron epoxy composite aircraft structures are vul nerable to lightning strike damage if not properly designed. Conven tional lightning protection design concepts need to be modified by placing special emphasis on light weight, low cost, and ease o f mainte nance aspects o f the design. This paper introduces two new design concepts: (1) the isolation concept — the complete isolation of advanced composite structure from lightning current paths and (2) the conductive concept — the use o f graphite composite structure to safely conduct lightning currents. Through the proper use o f these and other design concepts developed by the industry, advanced com posite aircraft structures can be adequately protected from lightning hazard. Laboratory simulated lightning test data supporting these two design concepts are presented. The applications o f these design con cepts including the DC-10 composite rudder design are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114391074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-13DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568748
L. Tsai, T. Wu, C.R. Longcor, G. Brown
Missies in flight are often immersed in an elec tromagnetic environment. Whether desirable or not, this EMC situation may cause undue influences on per formance of on-board subsystems. To measure these effects, it invariably becomes necessary to experimen tally test real-life systems on an antenna range. To cover all threats, large frequency bands as well as high field intensities are needed. Thus the use of near-zone transmitting antennas are often required. The simulation validity of such a test arrangement is a cause for concern, since in flight, the missile experiences plane wave incidence. Are there then significant differences in system response when caused by the near-zone source fields compared to plane wave fields? More importantly, how far away does the source have to be to achieve valid simulation? Since the cost of the test facility depends directly on the power needed, which in turn depend on the separation distance, the answers to these questions are therefore of cri tical concern.
{"title":"Currents Induced on Conducting Rods by Near and Far Zone Sources","authors":"L. Tsai, T. Wu, C.R. Longcor, G. Brown","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568748","url":null,"abstract":"Missies in flight are often immersed in an elec tromagnetic environment. Whether desirable or not, this EMC situation may cause undue influences on per formance of on-board subsystems. To measure these effects, it invariably becomes necessary to experimen tally test real-life systems on an antenna range. To cover all threats, large frequency bands as well as high field intensities are needed. Thus the use of near-zone transmitting antennas are often required. The simulation validity of such a test arrangement is a cause for concern, since in flight, the missile experiences plane wave incidence. Are there then significant differences in system response when caused by the near-zone source fields compared to plane wave fields? More importantly, how far away does the source have to be to achieve valid simulation? Since the cost of the test facility depends directly on the power needed, which in turn depend on the separation distance, the answers to these questions are therefore of cri tical concern.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115452679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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