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Use of 3D Printing Techniques to Fabricate Implantable Microelectrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases 使用3D打印技术制造可植入微电极,用于心血管和神经退行性疾病早期诊断中生物标记物的电化学检测。
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00028
Nemira Zilinskaite, Rajendra P. Shukla and Ausra Baradoke*, 

This Review provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing techniques to fabricate implantable microelectrodes for the electrochemical detection of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Early diagnosis of these diseases is crucial to improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare systems' burden. Biomarkers serve as measurable indicators of these diseases, and implantable microelectrodes offer a promising tool for their electrochemical detection. Here, we discuss various 3D printing techniques, including stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and two-photon polymerization (2PP), highlighting their advantages and limitations in microelectrode fabrication. We also explore the materials used in constructing implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. The principles of electrochemical detection and the types of sensors utilized are examined, with a focus on their applications in detecting biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of 3D-printed implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their potential for improving early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.

这篇综述全面概述了3D打印技术,以制造可植入微电极,用于电化学检测心血管和神经退行性疾病早期诊断中的生物标志物。这些疾病的早期诊断对于改善患者预后和减轻医疗系统负担至关重要。生物标记物是这些疾病的可测量指标,可植入微电极为其电化学检测提供了一种很有前途的工具。在这里,我们讨论了各种3D打印技术,包括立体光刻(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)、熔融沉积建模(FDM)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)和双光子聚合(2PP),强调了它们在微电极制造中的优势和局限性。我们还探索了用于构建可植入微电极的材料,强调了它们的生物相容性和生物降解特性。研究了电化学检测的原理和所用传感器的类型,重点介绍了它们在检测心血管和神经退行性疾病生物标志物中的应用。最后,我们讨论了3D打印植入式微电极领域的当前挑战和未来前景,强调了它们在改善早期诊断和个性化治疗策略方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Pure PFAS Decrease in Controlled Settings 控制设置中纯PFAS降低的评估
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00027
Marco Mancini, Valentina Gioia, Federica Simonetti, Alessandro Frugis and Stefano Cinti*, 

Since 1940, poly- or perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have been largely used in many applications, including paints, fire foaming, household items, product packaging, and fabrics. Because of their extremely high persistency, they have been defined as “forever chemicals”. Although the EU is taking action to reduce their use, their widespread occurrence in environmental matrices and their harmful effects on human health require the use of highly performing analytical methods for efficient monitoring. Furthermore, novel PFAS are constantly revealed by both EU and National environmental agencies. The objective of this work is to investigate the cause of the signal decrease during the analysis of a standard PFAS mixture in water-based matrices, by proposing an efficient technical procedure for laboratory specialists. The analyses were carried out on a mixture of 30 PFAS, including both regulated and unknown substances (which are expected to be introduced in the guidelines), characterized by different chemical features, using LC-vials of two different materials, namely, glass and polypropylene, and dissolved in two solvents, namely, water and water–methanol. The temperature of analysis and the concentration of PFAS were also considered through LC-MS analyses at different times, in the 0–15 h range. Depending on the chemical structure and length of the PFAS, sampling and treatment procedures may be adopted to tackle the decrease and the release from the containers, reducing the risk of underestimating PFAS also in real water matrices.

自 1940 年以来,多氟烷基或全氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 已广泛应用于涂料、防火发泡、家居用品、产品包装和织物等诸多领域。由于它们具有极高的持久性,因此被定义为 "永远的化学品"。尽管欧盟正在采取行动减少它们的使用,但它们在环境基质中的广泛存在及其对人类健康的有害影响要求使用高性能的分析方法进行有效监测。此外,欧盟和各国的环保机构也不断发现新型 PFAS。这项工作的目的是通过为实验室专家提出一种有效的技术程序,研究在分析水基基质中标准全氟辛烷磺酸混合物时信号下降的原因。分析对象是 30 种 PFAS 混合物,包括受管制物质和未知物质(预计将在指南中引入),它们具有不同的化学特征,使用两种不同材料(玻璃和聚丙烯)的液相色谱仪,溶解在两种溶剂(水和水甲醇)中。分析温度和全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度也通过 0-15 小时范围内不同时间的 LC-MS 分析加以考虑。根据全氟辛烷磺酸的化学结构和长度,可采用采样和处理程序来解决容器中全氟辛烷磺酸的减少和释放问题,从而降低低估实际水基质中全氟辛烷磺酸的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Surface Treatments of PDMS Microfluidic Devices for Improving Small-Molecule Recovery with Application to Monitoring Metabolites Secreted from Islets of Langerhans PDMS微流控装置表面处理提高小分子回收率的评价及其在朗格汉斯胰岛分泌代谢物监测中的应用
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00025
Ashley E. Lenhart,  and , Robert T. Kennedy*, 

Microfluidic devices are becoming an important tool for bioanalysis with applications including studying cell secretion, cell growth, and drug delivery. Small molecules such as drugs, cell products, or nutrients may partition into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a commonly used material for microfluidic devices, potentially leading to poor recovery or inaccurate delivery of such chemicals. To decrease small-molecule partitioning, surface and bulk PDMS treatments have been developed; however, these have been tested on few analytes, or their biocompatibility are unknown. Studies often focus on one analyte, whereas a diversity of chemicals are of interest and possibly affected. In this study, 11 device treatments are tested and applied to 21 biologically relevant small molecules with a variety of chemical structures. Device treatments are characterized using water contact angle measurements and evaluated by measuring recovery of the 21 target analytes using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. 1,5-Dimethyl-1,5-diazaundecamethylene polymethobromide (polybrene), a positively charged polymer, produced the least hydrophilic surface and was found to provide the best recovery with most of the analytes having >50% recovery and up to 92% recovery; however, recovery varied by analyte highlighting the importance of analyte diversity rather than targeting a single analyte in evaluating treatments. A polybrene-treated device was applied to investigate secretion from pancreatic islets, which are micro-organs involved in glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Islets secrete small molecules that have been shown to modulate the secretion of islets’ main functional products, glucose-regulating hormones. The polybrene treatment enabled the detection of 20 target analytes from islets-on-chip during isosmotic and hypo-osmotic glucose perfusions and resulted in detection of more significant secretion changes compared to untreated PDMS.

微流控装置正在成为生物分析的重要工具,其应用包括研究细胞分泌、细胞生长和药物传递。药物、细胞产物或营养物质等小分子可能分裂成聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),这是一种微流体装置常用的材料,可能导致这些化学物质的回收率低或输送不准确。为了减少小分子的分裂,人们开发了表面和块状PDMS处理方法;然而,这些已经在很少的分析物上进行了测试,或者它们的生物相容性是未知的。研究通常集中在一种分析物上,而对多种化学物质感兴趣并可能受到影响。在本研究中,测试了11种器件处理方法,并将其应用于21种具有多种化学结构的生物学相关小分子。设备处理使用水接触角测量来表征,并通过使用液相色谱-质谱法测量21种目标分析物的回收率来评估。1,5-二甲基-1,5-重氮十一亚甲基聚甲溴(聚苯乙烯)是一种带正电的聚合物,其表面亲水性最低,回收率最高,大多数分析物的回收率为50%,最高可达92%;然而,回收率因分析物而异,强调了分析物多样性的重要性,而不是针对单一分析物来评估治疗。应用聚苯乙烯处理的装置研究胰岛的分泌,胰岛是参与葡萄糖稳态和糖尿病的微器官。胰岛分泌的小分子已被证明可以调节胰岛的主要功能产物——血糖调节激素的分泌。在等渗和低渗葡萄糖灌注期间,聚苯乙烯处理能够从芯片上的胰岛中检测到20种目标分析物,与未处理的PDMS相比,检测到更显著的分泌变化。
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引用次数: 0
Legion: An Instrument for High-Throughput Electrochemistry 军团:高通量电化学仪器
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00022
Benjamin H. R. Gerroll, Krista M. Kulesa, Charles A. Ault and Lane A. Baker*, 

Electrochemical arrays promise utility for accelerated hypothesis testing and breakthrough discoveries. Herein, we report a new high-throughput electrochemistry platform, colloquially called “Legion,” for applications in electroanalysis and electrosynthesis. Legion consists of 96 electrochemical cells dimensioned to match common 96-well plates that are independently controlled with a field-programmable gate array. We demonstrate the utility of Legion by measuring model electrochemical probes, pH-dependent electron transfers, and electrocatalytic dehalogenation reactions. We consider advantages and disadvantages of this new instrumentation, with the hope of expanding the electrochemical toolbox.

电化学阵列有望加速假设检验和突破性发现。在此,我们报告了一种新的高通量电化学平台,俗称“军团”,用于电分析和电合成。Legion由96个电化学电池组成,尺寸与普通的96孔板相匹配,这些板由现场可编程门阵列独立控制。我们通过测量模型电化学探针、ph依赖的电子转移和电催化脱卤反应来证明Legion的实用性。我们考虑了这种新仪器的优点和缺点,希望扩大电化学工具箱。
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引用次数: 1
Can Single Cell Respiration be Measured by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)? 扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)能测量单细胞呼吸吗?
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00019
Kelsey Cremin, Gabriel N. Meloni, Dimitrios Valavanis, Orkun S. Soyer* and Patrick R. Unwin*, 

Ultramicroelectrode (UME), or, equivalently, microelectrode, probes are increasingly used for single-cell measurements of cellular properties and processes, including physiological activity, such as metabolic fluxes and respiration rates. Major challenges for the sensitivity of such measurements include: (i) the relative magnitude of cellular and UME fluxes (manifested in the current); and (ii) issues around the stability of the UME response over time. To explore the extent to which these factors impact the precision of electrochemical cellular measurements, we undertake a systematic analysis of measurement conditions and experimental parameters for determining single cell respiration rates via the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in single HeLa cells. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), with a platinum UME as the probe, we employ a self-referencing measurement protocol, rarely employed in SECM, whereby the UME is repeatedly approached from bulk solution to a cell, and a short pulse to oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) potential is performed near the cell and in bulk solution. This approach enables the periodic tracking of the bulk UME response to which the near-cell response is repeatedly compared (referenced) and also ensures that the ORR near the cell is performed only briefly, minimizing the effect of the electrochemical process on the cell. SECM experiments are combined with a finite element method (FEM) modeling framework to simulate oxygen diffusion and the UME response. Taking a realistic range of single cell OCR to be 1 × 10–18 to 1 × 10–16 mol s–1, results from the combination of FEM simulations and self-referencing SECM measurements show that these OCR values are at, or below, the present detection sensitivity of the technique. We provide a set of model-based suggestions for improving these measurements in the future but highlight that extraordinary improvements in the stability and precision of SECM measurements will be required if single cell OCR measurements are to be realized.

超微电极(UME)或等效微电极探针越来越多地用于单细胞测量细胞特性和过程,包括生理活动,如代谢通量和呼吸率。这种测量灵敏度的主要挑战包括:(i)细胞和UME通量的相对大小(表现在电流中);以及(ii)UME响应随时间变化的稳定性问题。为了探索这些因素对电化学细胞测量精度的影响程度,我们对测量条件和实验参数进行了系统分析,以通过单HeLa细胞中的耗氧率(OCR)确定单细胞呼吸率。使用以铂UME为探针的扫描电化学显微镜(SECM),我们采用了一种自参考测量协议,该协议在SECM中很少使用,通过该协议,UME从本体溶液到电池重复接近,并在电池附近和本体溶液中进行短脉冲氧还原反应(ORR)电位。这种方法能够周期性地跟踪近电池响应与之重复比较(参考)的批量UME响应,并且还确保仅短暂地执行电池附近的ORR,从而最大限度地减少电化学过程对电池的影响。SECM实验与有限元法(FEM)建模框架相结合,以模拟氧气扩散和UME响应。将单细胞OCR的实际范围设为1×10-18至1×10-16mol s-1,FEM模拟和自参考SECM测量相结合的结果表明,这些OCR值等于或低于该技术目前的检测灵敏度。我们为未来改进这些测量提供了一组基于模型的建议,但强调如果要实现单细胞OCR测量,就需要在SECM测量的稳定性和精度方面进行非凡的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Accessible and Generalizable in Vitro Luminescence Assay for Detecting GPCR Activation 用于检测GPCR激活的可接近和可推广的体外发光测定。
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00021
Ruby M. Miller, Jennifer Sescil, Marina C. Sarcinella, Ryan C. Bailey and Wenjing Wang*, 

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve critical physiological roles as the most abundant family of receptors. Here, we describe the design of a generalizable and cell lysate-based method that leverages the interaction between an agonist-activated GPCR and a conformation-specific binder to reconstitute split nanoluciferase (NanoLuc) in vitro. This tool, In vitro GPCR split NanoLuc ligand Triggered Reporter (IGNiTR), has broad applications. We have demonstrated IGNiTR’s use with three Gs-coupled GPCRs, two Gi-coupled GPCRs and three classes of conformation-specific binders: nanobodies, miniG proteins, and G protein peptidomimetics. As an in vitro method, IGNiTR enables the use of synthetic G protein peptidomimetics and provides easily scalable and portable reagents for characterizing GPCRs and ligands. We tested three diverse applications of IGNiTR: (1) proof-of-concept GPCR ligand screening using dopamine receptor D1 IGNiTR; (2) detection of opioids for point-of-care testing; and (3) characterizing GPCR functionality during Nanodisc-based reconstitution processes. Due to IGNiTR’s unique advantages and the convenience of its cell lysate-based format, this tool will find extensive applications in GPCR ligand detection, screening, and GPCR characterization.

G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)是最丰富的受体家族,具有重要的生理作用。在这里,我们描述了一种可推广的基于细胞裂解物的方法的设计,该方法利用激动剂激活的GPCR和构象特异性粘合剂之间的相互作用,在体外重建分裂的纳米萤光素酶(NanoLuc)。该工具,体外GPCR分裂NanoLuc配体触发报告器(IGNiTR),具有广泛的应用。我们已经证明了IGNiTR与三种Gs偶联的GPCR、两种Gi偶联的GPCr和三类构象特异性粘合剂的用途:纳米体、miniG蛋白和G蛋白肽模拟物。作为一种体外方法,IGNiTR能够使用合成的G蛋白肽模拟物,并为表征GPCR和配体提供易于扩展和便携式的试剂。我们测试了IGNiTR的三种不同应用:(1)使用多巴胺受体D1 IGNiTR进行概念验证GPCR配体筛选;(2) 检测用于护理点检测的阿片类药物;和(3)表征基于纳米盘的重构过程中的GPCR功能。由于IGNiTR的独特优势及其基于细胞裂解物的格式的便利性,该工具将在GPCR配体检测、筛选和GPCR表征中得到广泛应用。
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引用次数: 0
Change Is the Only Constant: A Virtual Issue on Contemporary Catalysis 变化是唯一不变的:当代催化的一个虚拟问题
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00023
Shelley Minteer*, Stephanie L. Brock*, Géraldine Masson* and Raymond E. Schaak*, 
C are now critical in all areas of chemistry, from biochemistry to synthesis to energy to biomedical devices. It is perhaps not surprising then that the ACS Au community journals have published a wealth of exciting content in the area of catalysis. From among these publications, we have chosen to highlight a few examples in this virtual issue to demonstrate the excellence and diversity of these contributions and the field, as representations of catalysis in the early 2020s. Heterogeneous catalysis has been critical in improving modern life and environmental technologies, from the Haber− Bosch process, to the catalytic converter for cars, to upgrading chemicals. For example, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acids can be upgraded to HMF levulinate for biorefining (10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00027). Recent efforts have focused on designing catalysts to increase product selectivity and sustainability (10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00057). There is a wealth of work on the conversion of carbon dioxide into fuels and value-added products, e.g., cyclic carbonate (10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00012), and the abatement of other greenhouse gases like methane (10.1021/ acsenvironau.1c00034). Researchers are also studying the development of heterogeneous catalysts for renewable fuel production, e.g., jet fuel via hydrodeoxygenation (10.1021/ acsengineeringau.2c00015). Challenges in managing omnipresent polymer waste have motivated research on nextgeneration heterogeneous catalysts for chemical recycling of, e.g., PET (10.1021/acsengineeringau.2c00029). Recently, zeolite and zeolite-supported catalysts have become popular for applications such as diesel oxidation (10.1021/acsengineeringau.1c00016) and ethene dimerization (10.1021/acsengineeringau.1c00014). It is important to note that although many of these new catalysts are focused on moving the chemical and fuel industry toward better sustainability, there is also a wealth of effort in making the catalysts themselves more sustainable by moving to catalysts made from earth abundant elements instead of precious metals. Homogeneous catalysts are integral to the chemical, polymer, and pharmaceutical industries. These catalysts are used to both increase reaction rates and improve selectivity. In the polymer field, researchers have designed organometallic catalysts for making hyperbranched ethylene oligomers and ethylene/methyl acrylate co-oligomers (10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00039) and have studied borate cocatalysts for ethylene copolymerization (10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00020). In the pharmaceutical area, researchers have been interested in biscyclometalated chiral-at-iridium/rhodium complexes for asymmetric catalysis in organic synthesis (10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00032). Researchers have also been studying trinuclear complexes enabling more efficient C−C bond-forming transformations (10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00029). Recently, organocatalysts have also become popular, including the use of diphenylprolinol silyl eth
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引用次数: 0
Methods for Tomographic Segmentation in Pseudo-Cylindrical Coordinates for Bobbin-Type Batteries 筒式电池伪柱坐标层析分割方法
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00015
Dominick P. Guida, Alyssa M. Stavola, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, John S. Okasinski, Matthew T. Wendling, Xiaotong H. Chadderdon and Joshua W. Gallaway*, 

High-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) has become an invaluable tool in battery research for its ability to probe phase distributions in sealed samples. The Cartesian coordinates used in describing the CT image stack are not appropriate for understanding radial dependencies, like that seen in bobbin-type batteries. The most prominent of these bobbin-type batteries is alkaline Zn–MnO2, which dominates the primary battery market. To understand material radial dependencies within these batteries, a method is presented to approximate the Cartesian coordinates of CT data into pseudo-cylindrical coordinates. This is important because radial volume fractions are the output of computational battery models, and this will allow the correlation of a battery model to CT data. A selection of 10 anodes inside Zn–MnO2 AA batteries are used to demonstrate the method. For these, the pseudo-radius is defined as the relative distance in the anode between the central current collecting pin and the separator. Using these anodes, we validate that this method results in averaged one-dimensional material profiles that, when compared to other methods, show a better quantitative match to individual local slices of the anodes in the polar θ-direction. The other methods tested are methods that average to an absolute center point based on either the pin or the separator. The pseudo-cylindrical method also corrects for slight asymmetries observed in bobbin-type batteries because the pin is often slightly off-center and the separator often has a noncircular shape.

高分辨率x射线计算机断层扫描(CT)已经成为电池研究的宝贵工具,因为它能够探测密封样品中的相分布。用于描述CT图像堆栈的笛卡尔坐标不适合理解径向依赖关系,就像在线轴型电池中看到的那样。这些筒式电池中最突出的是碱性锌- mno2,它主导了一次电池市场。为了了解这些电池中的材料径向依赖关系,提出了一种将CT数据的笛卡尔坐标近似为伪柱坐标的方法。这很重要,因为径向体积分数是计算电池模型的输出,这将允许电池模型与CT数据的相关性。选择锌-二氧化锰AA电池内部的10个阳极来演示该方法。对于这些,伪半径被定义为在阳极中心集流引脚和分离器之间的相对距离。使用这些阳极,我们验证了这种方法产生的平均一维材料轮廓,与其他方法相比,在极性θ-方向上显示出与阳极的单个局部切片更好的定量匹配。测试的其他方法是基于引脚或分离器平均到绝对中心点的方法。伪圆柱形方法还纠正了在筒式电池中观察到的轻微不对称,因为引脚通常稍微偏离中心,分离器通常具有非圆形形状。
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引用次数: 0
Disposable Device for Bacterial Vaginosis Detection 一次性细菌性阴道病检测装置
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-17 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00007
Mariana D. Avila-Huerta, Karina Leyva-Hidalgo, Karen Cortés-Sarabia, Ana K. Estrada-Moreno, Amalia Vences-Velázquez and Eden Morales-Narváez*, 

Due to the increasing demand for clinical testing of infectious diseases at the point-of-care, the global market claims alternatives for rapid diagnosis tools such as disposable biosensors, avoiding the need for specialized laboratories and skilled personnel. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infectious disease that commonly affects reproductive-age women and predisposes the infection of sexually transmitted diseases. Especially in asymptomatic cases, BV can lead to pelvic inflammatory conditions, postpartum endometritis, and preterm labor. Conventionally, BV diagnosis involves the microscopic analysis of vaginal swab samples; it thus requires highly trained personnel. In response, we report a novel microfluidic paper-based analytical device for BV diagnosis. Sialidase, a biomarker overexpressed in BV, was detected by exploiting an immunosensing mechanism previously discovered by our team. This technology employs a graphene oxide-coated surface as a quencher of fluorescence; the fluorescence of the immunoprobes that do not experiment immunoreactions (antibody–antigen) are deactivated by graphene oxide via non-radiative energy transfer, whereas those immunoprobes undergoing immunoreactions preserve their photoluminescence due to the distance and the low affinity between the immunocomplex and the graphene oxide-coated surface. Our paper-based test was typically carried out within 20 min, and the sample volume was 6 μL. Besides, it was tested with 14 vaginal swabs specimens to discriminate clinical samples of women with normal microbiota from those with BV. Our disposable device represents a new tool to prevent the consequences of BV.

由于在护理点对传染病进行临床检测的需求不断增加,全球市场要求提供诸如一次性生物传感器等快速诊断工具的替代品,从而避免了对专门实验室和熟练人员的需要。细菌性阴道病(BV)是一种常见于育龄妇女的传染病,易感染性传播疾病。特别是在无症状的情况下,细菌性阴道炎可导致盆腔炎、产后子宫内膜炎和早产。传统上,细菌性阴道炎的诊断包括阴道拭子样本的显微镜分析;因此,它需要训练有素的人员。为此,我们报道了一种新型的基于微流体纸的BV诊断分析装置。唾液酸酶是BV中过表达的一种生物标志物,通过利用我们团队先前发现的免疫传感机制进行检测。该技术采用氧化石墨烯涂层表面作为荧光猝灭剂;未进行免疫反应(抗体-抗原)的免疫探针的荧光通过非辐射能量转移被氧化石墨烯灭活,而进行免疫反应的免疫探针由于免疫复合物与氧化石墨烯涂层表面之间的距离和低亲和力而保持其光致发光。我们的纸质检测一般在20分钟内完成,进样量为6 μL。此外,对14例阴道拭子标本进行了检测,以区分微生物群正常的妇女和细菌性阴道炎患者的临床样本。我们的一次性设备代表了一种新的工具,以防止BV的后果。
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引用次数: 0
AFM-IR for Nanoscale Chemical Characterization in Life Sciences: Recent Developments and Future Directions AFM-IR在生命科学中的纳米级化学表征:最新进展和未来方向
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00010
A. Catarina V. D. dos Santos, Nikolaus Hondl, Victoria Ramos-Garcia, Julia Kuligowski, Bernhard Lendl and Georg Ramer*, 

Despite the ubiquitous absorption of mid-infrared (IR) radiation by virtually all molecules that belong to the major biomolecules groups (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids), the application of conventional IR microscopy to the life sciences remained somewhat limited, due to the restrictions on spatial resolution imposed by the diffraction limit (in the order of several micrometers). This issue is addressed by AFM-IR, a scanning probe-based technique that allows for chemical analysis at the nanoscale with resolutions down to 10 nm and thus has the potential to contribute to the investigation of nano and microscale biological processes. In this perspective, in addition to a concise description of the working principles and operating modes of AFM-IR, we present and evaluate the latest key applications of AFM-IR to the life sciences, summarizing what the technique has to offer to this field. Furthermore, we discuss the most relevant current limitations and point out potential future developments and areas for further application for fruitful interdisciplinary collaboration.

尽管几乎所有属于主要生物分子群(蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物、核酸)的分子都普遍吸收中红外(IR)辐射,但由于衍射极限(以几微米为顺序)对空间分辨率的限制,传统红外显微镜在生命科学中的应用仍然受到一定的限制。AFM-IR解决了这个问题,AFM-IR是一种基于扫描探针的技术,允许在纳米尺度上进行化学分析,分辨率低至10纳米,因此有可能有助于纳米和微尺度生物过程的研究。从这个角度来看,除了简要描述AFM-IR的工作原理和工作模式外,我们还介绍和评估了AFM-IR在生命科学中的最新关键应用,总结了该技术对该领域的贡献。此外,我们讨论了当前最相关的局限性,并指出了潜在的未来发展和进一步应用的领域,以实现卓有成效的跨学科合作。
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引用次数: 0
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ACS Measurement Science Au
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