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Revisiting the Key Driving Processes of the Decadal Trend of Aerosol Acidity in the U.S 美国气溶胶酸度年代际变化趋势的关键驱动过程
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00055
Guangjie Zheng, Hang Su and Yafang Cheng*, 
Acidity is one essential parameter in determining the aqueous phase physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere and strongly influences the climate, ecological, and health effects of aerosols. Traditionally, aerosol acidity is thought to increase with emissions of atmospheric acidic substances (SO2, NOx, etc.) and decrease with that of alkaline ones (NH3, dust, etc.). However, decade-long observations in southeastern U.S. seem to disagree with this hypothesis: while the emissions of NH3 versus SO2 enhanced by over three times, the predicted aerosol acidity is stable, and the observed particle-phase ammonium-to-sulfate ratio is even decreasing. Here, we investigated into this issue with the recently proposed multiphase buffer theory. We show that historically, there is a transition in the dominant drivers of aerosol acidity in this region. Under the ammonia-poor conditions before ∼2008, the acidity is governed by HSO4–/SO42– buffering and the water self-buffering effect. Under the ammonia-rich conditions after ∼2008, aerosol acidity is mainly buffered by NH4+/NH3. Buffering from the organic acids is negligible in the investigated period. In addition, the observed decrease in ammonium-to-sulfate ratio is due to the increased importance of non-volatile cations, especially after ∼2014. We predict that until ∼2050, the aerosols will remain in the ammonia-buffered regime, and the nitrate will remain largely (>98%) in the gas phase in southeastern U.S.
酸度是决定大气中水相物理和化学过程的一个重要参数,它强烈影响气溶胶对气候、生态和健康的影响。传统上认为,气溶胶的酸度随着大气酸性物质(SO2、NOx等)的排放而增加,而随着碱性物质(NH3、粉尘等)的排放而减少。然而,在美国东南部长达十年的观测似乎不同意这一假设:虽然NH3与SO2的排放量增加了三倍以上,但预测的气溶胶酸度是稳定的,而且观测到的颗粒相氨与硫酸盐的比例甚至在下降。在这里,我们用最近提出的多相缓冲理论来研究这个问题。我们表明,从历史上看,该地区气溶胶酸度的主要驱动因素发生了转变。在~ 2008年之前的贫氨条件下,酸度由HSO4 - /SO42 -缓冲和水的自缓冲作用控制。在富氨条件下,~ 2008年后,气溶胶酸度主要由NH4+/NH3缓冲。在研究期间,有机酸的缓冲作用可以忽略不计。此外,观察到的氨硫酸盐比的下降是由于非挥发性阳离子的重要性增加,特别是在~ 2014年之后。我们预测,直到2050年,气溶胶仍将处于氨缓冲状态,而在美国东南部,硝酸盐将大部分(98%)保持在气相中
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引用次数: 1
Source Apportionment of Speciated Mercury in Chinese Rice Grain Using a High-Resolution Model 基于高分辨率模型的中国水稻籽粒中特定汞来源解析
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00061
Yuying Cui, Qingru Wu, Kaiyun Liu, Shuxiao Wang*, Xun Wang, Tao Jiang, Bo Meng, Yurong Wu and Jia Guo, 

Rice grain consumption is a primary pathway of human mercury exposure. To trace the source of rice grain mercury in China, we developed a rice paddy mercury transport and transformation model with a grid resolution of 1 km × 1 km by using the unit cell mass conservation method. The simulated total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in Chinese rice grain ranged from 0.08 to 243.6 and 0.03 to 238.6 μg/kg, respectively, in 2017. Approximately, 81.3% of the national average rice grain THg concentration was due to atmospheric mercury deposition. However, soil heterogeneity, especially the variation in soil mercury, led to the wide rice grain THg distribution across grids. Approximately, 64.8% of the national average rice grain MeHg concentration was due to soil mercury. In situ methylation was the main pathway via which the rice grain MeHg concentration was increased. The coupled impact of high mercury input and methylation potential led to extremely high rice grain MeHg in partial grids among Guizhou province and junctions with surrounding provinces. The spatial variation in soil organic matter significantly impacted the methylation potential among grids, especially in Northeast China. Based on the high-resolution rice grain THg concentration, we identified 0.72% of grids as heavily polluted THg grids (rice grain THg > 20 μg/kg). These grids mainly corresponded to areas in which the human activities of nonferrous metal smelting, cement clinker production, and mercury and other metal mining were conducted. Thus, we recommended measures that are targeted at the control of heavy pollution of rice grain by THg according to the pollution sources. In addition, we observed a wide spatial variation range of MeHg to THg ratios not only in China but also in other regions of the world, which highlights the potential risk of rice intake.

食用稻米是人类接触汞的主要途径。为了追踪中国水稻颗粒汞的来源,采用单位细胞质量守恒法建立了网格分辨率为1 km × 1 km的水稻颗粒汞运移转化模型。2017年中国大米中模拟总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg)浓度分别为0.08 ~ 243.6 μg/kg和0.03 ~ 238.6 μg/kg。全国稻米THg平均浓度的81.3%来自于大气汞沉降。然而,土壤的异质性,特别是土壤汞含量的变化,导致水稻THg在网格上分布较宽。全国稻米MeHg平均浓度的64.8%来自土壤汞。原位甲基化是水稻甲基汞浓度升高的主要途径。高汞输入和甲基化电位的耦合作用导致贵州部分网格及与周边省份交界的水稻MeHg极高。土壤有机质的空间变化对网格间甲基化电位有显著影响,特别是在东北地区。基于高分辨率的稻米THg浓度,我们确定了0.72%的网格为严重污染的THg网格(稻米THg >20μg /公斤)。这些网格主要对应有色金属冶炼、水泥熟料生产、汞和其他金属开采等人类活动的区域。因此,我们根据污染源的不同,提出了有针对性的控制水稻重污染的措施。此外,我们观察到不仅在中国,而且在世界其他地区,MeHg与THg比值的空间变化范围也很广,这突出了大米摄入的潜在风险。
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引用次数: 3
Effects of Acidity on Reactive Oxygen Species Formation from Secondary Organic Aerosols 酸度对二次有机气溶胶中活性氧生成的影响
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00018
Jinlai Wei, Ting Fang and Manabu Shiraiwa*, 

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in the chemical transformation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and aerosol health effects by causing oxidative stress in vivo. Acidity is an important physicochemical property of atmospheric aerosols, but its effects on the ROS formation from SOA have been poorly characterized. By applying the electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique and the Diogenes chemiluminescence assay, we find highly distinct radical yields and composition at different pH values in the range of 1–7.4 from SOA generated by oxidation of isoprene, α-terpineol, α-pinene, β-pinene, toluene, and naphthalene. We observe that isoprene SOA has substantial hydroxyl radical (OH) and organic radical yields at neutral pH, which are 1.5–2 times higher compared to acidic conditions in total radical yields. Superoxide (O2•–) is found to be the dominant species generated by all types of SOAs at lower pH. At neutral pH, α-terpineol SOA exhibits a substantial yield of carbon-centered organic radicals, while no radical formation is observed by aromatic SOA. Further experiments with model compounds show that the decomposition of organic peroxide leading to radical formation may be suppressed at lower pH due to acid-catalyzed rearrangement of peroxides. We also observe 1.5–3 times higher molar yields of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acidic conditions compared to neutral pH by biogenic and aromatic SOA, likely due to enhanced decomposition of α-hydroxyhydroperoxides and quinone redox cycling, respectively. These findings are critical to bridge the gap in understanding ROS formation mechanisms and kinetics in atmospheric and physiological environments.

活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)通过在体内引起氧化应激,在大气二次有机气溶胶(secondary organic aerosol, SOA)的化学转化和气溶胶健康效应中发挥关键作用。酸度是大气气溶胶的一项重要理化性质,但其对SOA形成活性氧的影响尚不清楚。通过应用电子顺磁共振自旋俘获技术和Diogenes化学发光实验,我们发现异戊二烯、α-松油醇、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、甲苯和萘在不同pH值范围内氧化产生的SOA在1-7.4范围内的自由基产率和组成有很大差异。我们观察到异戊二烯SOA在中性pH下具有大量的羟基自由基(•OH)和有机自由基产率,其总自由基产率是酸性条件下的1.5-2倍。超氧化物(O2•-)是所有类型SOA在较低pH下生成的主要物质。在中性pH下,α-松油醇SOA能大量生成碳中心有机自由基,而芳香型SOA则没有形成自由基。对模型化合物的进一步实验表明,由于酸催化过氧化物的重排,有机过氧化物的分解导致自由基的形成可能在较低的pH下被抑制。我们还观察到,在酸性条件下,与中性pH相比,生物源性和芳香性SOA的过氧化氢(H2O2)的摩尔产率提高了1.5-3倍,这可能是由于α-羟基过氧化物和醌氧化还原循环的分解增强。这些发现对于理解ROS在大气和生理环境中的形成机制和动力学至关重要。
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引用次数: 7
Association of Chemical Aggregates and Fungal Moieties Affecting Native Environmental Films 影响本地环境膜的化学聚集体和真菌部分的关联
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00004
Jessica L DeYoung,  and , Scott K. Shaw*, 

Fungi are prevalent microorganisms in environmental films. Their impacts on the film chemical environment and morphology remains poorly defined. Here we present microscopic and chemical analyses fungi impacts to environmental films over long- and short-time scales. We report bulk properties of films accumulated for 2 months (February and March 2019) and 12 months to contrast short and longer-term effects. Bright field microscopy results show that fungi and fungal-associated aggregates cover close to 14% of the surface after 12 months and include significant numbers of large (tens to hundreds of μm in diameter) particles aggregated with fungal colonies. Data acquired for films accumulated over shorter times (2 months) suggest mechanisms that contribute to these longer-term effects. This is important because the film’s exposed surface will determine what additional material will accumulate over the ensuing weeks or months. A combination of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy provides spatially resolved maps of fugal hypha and nearby elements of interest. We also identify a “nutrient pool” associated with the fungal hypha which extend orthogonally to the growth direction to ca. 50 μm distances. We conclude that fungi have both short-term and long-term effects on the chemistry and morphology of environmental film surfaces. In short, the presence (or absence) of fungi will significantly alter the films’ evolution and should be considered when analyzing environmental film impacts on local processes.

真菌是环境膜中普遍存在的微生物。它们对薄膜化学环境和形态的影响仍不清楚。在这里,我们提出了微观和化学分析真菌对环境膜的影响在长时间和短时间尺度。我们报告了2个月(2019年2月和3月)和12个月累积的薄膜的大量特性,以对比短期和长期影响。明光显微镜结果显示,真菌和真菌相关聚集体在12个月后覆盖了近14%的表面,其中包括大量与真菌菌落聚集的大颗粒(直径数十至数百μm)。在较短时间内(2个月)积累的电影数据表明了促成这些长期影响的机制。这一点很重要,因为薄膜暴露的表面将决定在接下来的几周或几个月里会积累什么额外的物质。扫描电子显微镜和能量色散x射线光谱学的结合提供了真菌菌丝和感兴趣的附近元素的空间分辨图。我们还发现了一个与真菌菌丝相关的“营养池”,它垂直延伸到生长方向约50 μm的距离。我们认为真菌对环境膜表面的化学和形态有短期和长期的影响。总之,真菌的存在(或不存在)将显著改变膜的演化,在分析环境膜对局部过程的影响时应予以考虑。
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引用次数: 0
ACS Environmental Au─Gold Open Access toward a Greener Future ACS环境Au─迈向绿色未来的黄金开放通道
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00005
Ling Jin,  and , Xiangdong Li*, 
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引用次数: 1
Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Controlling Airborne Viruses: Present Status, Standardization of Aerosol Filtration Tests, and Future Development 静电纺纳米纤维膜控制空气传播病毒:现状、气溶胶过滤测试标准化及未来发展
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00047
Hongchen Shen*, Minghao Han, Yun Shen and Danmeng Shuai*, 

The global COVID-19 pandemic has raised great public concern about the airborne transmission of viral pathogens. Virus-laden aerosols with small size could be suspended in the air for a long duration and remain infectious. Among a series of measures implemented to mitigate the airborne spread of infectious diseases, filtration by face masks, respirators, and air filters is a potent nonpharmacologic intervention. Compared with conventional air filtration media, nanofibrous membranes fabricated via electrospinning are promising candidates for controlling airborne viruses due to their desired characteristics, i.e., a reduced pore size (submicrometers to several micrometers), a larger specific surface area and porosity, and retained surface and volume charges. So far, a wide variety of electrospun nanofibrous membranes have been developed for aerosol filtration, and they have shown excellent filtration performance. However, current studies using electrospinning for controlling airborne viruses vary significantly in the practice of aerosol filtration tests, including setup configurations and operations. The discrepancy among various studies makes it difficult, if not impossible, to compare filtration performance. Therefore, there is a pressing need to establish a standardized protocol for evaluating the electrospun nanofibrous membranes’ performance for removing viral aerosols. In this perspective, we first reviewed the properties and performance of diverse filter media, including electrospun nanofibrous membranes, for removing viral aerosols. Next, aerosol filtration protocols for electrospun nanofibrous membranes were discussed with respect to the aerosol generation, filtration, collection, and detection. Thereafter, standardizing the aerosol filtration test system for electrospun nanofibrous membranes was proposed. In the end, the future advancement of electrospun nanofibrous membranes for enhanced air filtration was discussed. This perspective provides a comprehensive understanding of status and challenges of electrospinning for air filtration, and it sheds light on future nanomaterial and protocol development for controlling airborne viruses, preventing the spread of infectious diseases, and beyond.

2019冠状病毒病全球大流行引起了公众对病毒性病原体空气传播的高度关注。携带病毒的小尺寸气溶胶可以长时间悬浮在空气中并保持传染性。在减轻传染病在空气中传播的一系列措施中,通过口罩、呼吸器和空气过滤器进行过滤是一种有效的非药物干预措施。与传统的空气过滤介质相比,通过静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维膜具有更小的孔径(亚微米到几微米)、更大的比表面积和孔隙率、保留表面和体积电荷等特性,是控制空气传播病毒的理想选择。目前,已开发出多种用于气溶胶过滤的静电纺纳米纤维膜,并表现出优异的过滤性能。然而,目前使用静电纺丝控制空气传播病毒的研究在气溶胶过滤测试的实践中差异很大,包括设置配置和操作。各种研究之间的差异使得比较过滤性能变得困难,如果不是不可能的话。因此,迫切需要建立一个标准化的方案来评估静电纺纳米纤维膜去除病毒气溶胶的性能。从这个角度来看,我们首先回顾了各种过滤介质的性质和性能,包括静电纺纳米纤维膜,用于去除病毒气溶胶。接下来,讨论了静电纺纳米纤维膜的气溶胶过滤方案,包括气溶胶的产生、过滤、收集和检测。在此基础上,提出了规范静电纺纳米纤维膜气溶胶过滤测试系统。最后,对静电纺丝纳米纤维膜用于增强空气过滤的研究进展进行了展望。这一观点提供了对静电纺丝用于空气过滤的现状和挑战的全面理解,并为未来控制空气传播病毒、预防传染病传播等纳米材料和方案的开发提供了启示。
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引用次数: 9
Optimal Planning of Air Quality-Monitoring Sites for Better Depiction of PM2.5 Pollution across China 优化规划空气质量监测点,更好地描述中国PM2.5污染
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00051
Chenhong Zhou, Meng Gao*, Jianjun Li, Kaixu Bai, Xiao Tang, Xiao Lu, Cheng Liu, Zifa Wang and Yike Guo*, 

A myriad of studies have attempted to use ground-level observations to obtain gap-free spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5, in support of air quality management and impact studies. Statistical methods (machine learning, etc.) or numerical methods by combining chemical transport modeling and observations with data assimilation techniques have been typically applied, yet the significance of site placement has not been well recognized. In this study, we apply five proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based sensor placement algorithms to identify optimal site locations and systematically evaluate their reconstruction ability. We demonstrate that the QR pivot is relatively more reliable in deciding optimal monitoring site locations. When the number of planned sites (sensors) is limited, using a lower number of modes would yield lower estimation errors. However, the dimension of POD modes has little impact on reconstruction quality when sufficient sensors are available. The locations of sites guided by the QR pivot algorithm are mainly located in regions where PM2.5 pollution is severe. We compare reconstructed PM2.5 pollution based on QR pivot-guided sites and existing China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC) sites and find that the QR pivot-guided sites are superior to existing sites with respect to reconstruction accuracy. The current planning of monitoring stations is likely to miss sources of pollution in less-populated regions, while our QR pivot-guided sites are planned based on the severity of PM2.5 pollution. This planning methodology has additional potentials in chemical data assimilation studies as duplicate information from current CNEMC-concentrated stations is not likely to boost performance.

大量研究试图利用地面观测来获得PM2.5的无间隙时空变化,以支持空气质量管理和影响研究。通常采用统计方法(机器学习等)或将化学输运建模和观测与数据同化技术相结合的数值方法,但场地布置的重要性尚未得到充分认识。在本研究中,我们应用了五种基于适当正交分解(POD)的传感器放置算法来识别最佳位置,并系统地评估其重建能力。我们证明,QR枢轴在决定最佳监测点位置方面相对更可靠。当规划站点(传感器)的数量有限时,使用较低数量的模式将产生较低的估计误差。然而,当有足够的传感器可用时,POD模式的尺寸对重建质量几乎没有影响。QR pivot算法引导的站点位置主要位于PM2.5污染严重的地区。我们将基于QR枢轴引导的站点和现有的中国环境监测中心站点重建的PM2.5污染进行了比较,发现QR枢轴引导站点在重建精度方面优于现有站点。目前的监测站规划可能会遗漏人口较少地区的污染源,而我们的QR枢轴引导站点是根据PM2.5污染的严重程度进行规划的。这种规划方法在化学数据同化研究中具有额外的潜力,因为来自当前CNEMC集中站的重复信息不太可能提高性能。
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引用次数: 5
Quantification of the Impact of Fine Particulate Matter on Solar Energy Resources and Energy Performance of Different Photovoltaic Technologies 细颗粒物对太阳能资源和不同光伏技术能源性能影响的量化研究
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00048
Zhe Song*, Meng Wang and Hongxing Yang*, 

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) could be a potential environmental risk for decreasing the available solar energy resources and solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. This study quantifies the attenuation effects of PM2.5 on surface solar irradiance and system performance of different solar PV technologies in Hong Kong. The analysis based on observational irradiation data shows that the global horizontal irradiance decreased by more than 5% in most months under the conditions of PM2.5 concentration exceeding 33.5 μg/m3. During the experiment, the average PM2.5-related losses in the energy output of crystalline silicon and thin-film PV systems could be up to 7.00 and 9.73%, respectively. The measured energy outputs of the experimental PV modules suggest that PM2.5 affects the energy performance of thin-film solar cells with a larger band gap more significantly than that of crystalline silicon PV modules. Moreover, an increasing trend in the performance ratio of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and copper indium gallium selenide PV systems with the increase of PM2.5 concentration is observed. In contrast, the amorphous silicon and cadmium telluride PV systems with a narrower spectral response range show a decreasing trend in the performance ratio over the experiment. Results indicate that the losses in the available solar energy resources and PV energy potential are expected to increase in areas where heavier PM2.5 pollution exists.

环境细颗粒物(PM2.5)可能会减少可用的太阳能资源和太阳能光伏发电(PV)的潜在环境风险。本研究量化PM2.5对香港不同太阳能光伏技术的表面太阳辐照度和系统性能的衰减效应。根据辐射观测数据分析,PM2.5浓度超过33.5 μg/m3时,大部分月份全球水平辐照度下降幅度大于5%。在实验过程中,与pm2.5相关的晶体硅和薄膜光伏系统输出能量的平均损失分别高达7.0%和9.73%。实验光伏组件的能量输出测量结果表明,PM2.5对带隙较大的薄膜太阳能电池的能量性能的影响比对晶体硅光伏组件的影响更为显著。此外,单晶硅、多晶硅和硒化铜铟镓光伏系统的性能比随PM2.5浓度的增加呈增加趋势。而光谱响应范围较窄的非晶硅和碲化镉光伏系统的性能比在实验过程中呈下降趋势。结果表明,在PM2.5污染较重的地区,可用太阳能资源和光伏能源潜力的损失预计会增加。
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引用次数: 4
Atmospheric Degradation of Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxanes: Radical Chemistry and Oxidation Products 环挥发性甲基硅氧烷的大气降解:自由基化学和氧化产物
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00043
Mitchell W. Alton,  and , Eleanor C. Browne*, 

Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are anthropogenic chemicals that have come under scrutiny due to their widespread use and environmental persistence. Significant data on environmental concentrations and persistence of these chemicals exists, but their oxidation mechanism is poorly understood, preventing a comprehensive understanding of the environmental fate and impact of cVMS. We performed experiments in an environmental chamber to characterize the first-generation oxidation products of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) under different peroxy radical fates (unimolecular reaction or bimolecular reaction with either NO or HO2) that approximate a range of atmospheric compositions. While the identity of the oxidation products from D3 changed as a function of the peroxy radical fate, the identity and yield of D4 and D5 oxidation products remained largely constant. We compare our results against the output from a kinetic model of cVMS oxidation chemistry. The reaction mechanism used in the model is developed using a combination of previously proposed cVMS oxidation reactions and standard atmospheric oxidation radical chemistry. We find that the model is unable to reproduce our measurements, particularly in the case of D4 and D5. The products that are poorly represented in the model help to identify possible branching points in the mechanism, which require further investigation. Additionally, we estimated the physical properties of the cVMS oxidation products using structure–activity relationships and found that they should not be significantly partitioned to organic or aqueous aerosol. The results suggest that cVMS first-generation oxidation products are also long-lived in the atmosphere and that environmental monitoring of these compounds is necessary to understand the environmental chemistry and loading of cVMS.

环挥发性甲基硅氧烷(cVMS)是一种人为化学物质,由于其广泛使用和环境持久性而受到严格审查。存在关于这些化学物质的环境浓度和持久性的重要数据,但对它们的氧化机制知之甚少,这阻碍了对cVMS的环境命运和影响的全面了解。我们在一个环境室中进行了实验,表征了六甲基环三硅氧烷(D3)、八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)和十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)在不同过氧自由基(单分子反应或与NO或HO2的双分子反应)下的第一代氧化产物,这些氧化产物近似于一系列大气成分。虽然D3氧化产物的性质随过氧自由基的命运而变化,但D4和D5氧化产物的性质和产率基本保持不变。我们将我们的结果与cVMS氧化化学动力学模型的输出进行了比较。模型中使用的反应机理是使用先前提出的cVMS氧化反应和标准大气氧化自由基化学的组合开发的。我们发现该模型无法再现我们的测量结果,特别是在D4和D5的情况下。在模型中表现不佳的产品有助于识别机制中可能的分支点,这需要进一步的研究。此外,我们利用构效关系估计了cVMS氧化产物的物理性质,发现它们不应该被明显地划分为有机或水性气溶胶。结果表明,cVMS第一代氧化产物在大气中的寿命也很长,对这些化合物的环境监测对于了解cVMS的环境化学和负载是必要的。
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引用次数: 12
pH-Dependent Partitioning of Ionizable Organic Chemicals between the Silicone Polymer Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Water 有机硅聚合物聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和水之间可电离有机化学品的ph依赖分配
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00056
Lili Niu, Luise Henneberger, Julia Huchthausen, Martin Krauss, Audrey Ogefere and Beate I. Escher*, 

The silicone polymer polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) is a popular passive sampler for in situ and ex situ sampling of hydrophobic organic chemicals. Despite its limited sorptive capacity for polar and ionizable organic chemicals (IOC), IOCs have been found in PDMS when extracting sediment and suspended particulate matter. The pH-dependent partitioning of 190 organics and IOCs covering a range of octanol–water partition constants log Kow from −0.3 to 7.7 was evaluated with a 10-day shaking method using mixtures composed of all chemicals at varying ratios of mass of PDMS to volume of water. This method reproduced the PDMS–water partition constant KPDMS/w of neutral chemicals from the literature and extended the dataset by 93 neutral chemicals. The existing quantitative structure–activity relationship between the log Kow and KPDMS/w could be extended with the measured KPDMS/w linearly to a log Kow of −0.3. Fully charged organics were not taken up into PDMS. Thirty-eight monoprotic organic acids and 42 bases showed negligible uptake of the charged species, and the pH dependence of the apparent DPDMS/w(pH) could be explained by the fraction of neutral species multiplied by the KPDMS/w of the neutral species of these IOCs. Seventeen multiprotic chemicals with up to three acidity constants pKa also showed a pH dependence of DPDMS/w(pH) with the tendency that the neutral and zwitterionic forms showed the highest DPDMS/w(pH). DPDMS/w(pH) of charged species of more hydrophobic multiprotic chemicals such as tetrabromobisphenol A and telmisartan was smaller but not negligible. Since these chemicals show high bioactivity, their contribution to mixture effects has to be considered when testing passive sampling extracts with in vitro bioassays. This work has further implications for understanding the role of microplastic as a vector for organic micropollutants.

有机硅聚合物聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)是一种流行的被动采样器,用于疏水性有机化学品的原位和非原位采样。尽管其对极性和可电离有机化学物质(IOC)的吸附能力有限,但在提取沉积物和悬浮颗粒物时,在PDMS中发现了IOC。190种有机物和ioc的ph依赖性分配,覆盖了辛醇-水分配常数log Kow从−0.3到7.7的范围,使用由不同PDMS质量与水体积比组成的所有化学物质的混合物,通过10天的摇晃方法进行了评估。该方法复制了文献中中性化学物质的pdms -水分配常数KPDMS/w,并扩展了93种中性化学物质的数据集。对数 KPDMS/w与KPDMS/w之间现有的定量结构-活性关系可以随着测量的KPDMS/w线性扩展到对数 Kow为−0.3。完全带电的有机物不被PDMS吸收。38种单质子有机酸和42种碱对带电物质的吸收可以忽略不计,其表观DPDMS/w(pH)的pH依赖性可以用中性物质的比例乘以中性物质的KPDMS/w来解释。17种具有3个酸度常数pKa的多质子化学物质也表现出DPDMS/w(pH)的pH依赖性,其中中性和两性离子形式的DPDMS/w(pH)最高。四溴双酚A和替米沙坦等疏水性较强的多质子化学物质的带电组分DPDMS/w(pH)较小,但不可忽略。由于这些化学物质显示出很高的生物活性,因此在用体外生物测定法测试被动取样提取物时,必须考虑它们对混合物效应的贡献。这项工作对理解微塑料作为有机微污染物载体的作用具有进一步的意义。
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引用次数: 5
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ACS Environmental Au
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