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Visible-Light-Driven Mentha spicata L.-Mediated Ag-Doped Bi2Zr2O7 Nanocomposite for Enhanced Degradation of Organic Pollutants, Electrochemical Sensing, and Antibacterial Applications 可见光驱动的薄荷掺银 Bi2Zr2O7 纳米复合材料用于增强有机污染物降解、电化学传感和抗菌应用
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00057
Kurlla Pompapathi, Kurupalya Shivram Anantharaju*, Periyakaruppan Karuppasamy*, Meena Subramaniam, Bogegowda Uma, Surendra Boppanahalli Siddegowda, Arpita Paul Chowdhury and H. C. Ananda Murthy*, 

Novel visible-light-driven Ag (X)-doped Bi2Zr2O7 (BZO) nanocomposites in pudina (P) extract (Mentha spicata L.), X-1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mol %, were synthesized by the one-pot greener solution combustion method. The as-synthesized nanocomposite materials were characterized by using various spectral [X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, UV–visible, UV– diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy], electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and analytical (scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) techniques. The average particle size of the nanocomposite material was found to be between 14.8 and 39.2 nm by XRD. The well-characterized Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite materials exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity toward hazardous dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB) under visible light irradiation ranges between 400 and 800 nm due to their low energy band gap. As a result, 7 mol % of Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite material exhibited excellent photodegradation activity against MB (D.E. = 98.7%) and RB (D.E. = 99.3%) as compared to other Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite materials and pure BZOP nanocomposite, respectively, due to enhanced semiconducting and optical behaviors, high binding energy, and mechanical and thermal stabilities. The Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite material-based electrochemical sensor showed good sensing ability toward the determination of lead nitrate and dextrose with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 18 μM and 12 μM, respectively. Furthermore, as a result of the initial antibacterial screening study, the Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite material was found to be more effective against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) as compared to Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The scavenger study reveals that radicals such as O2•– and OH are responsible for MB and RB mineralization. TOC removal percentages were found to be 96.8 and 98.5% for MB and RB dyes, and experimental data reveal that the Ag-doped BZOP enhances the radical (O2•– and OH) formation and MB and RB degradation under visible-light irradiation.

采用一锅绿色溶液燃烧法合成了掺杂Ag (X)的新型可见光驱动Bi2Zr2O7 (BZO)纳米复合材料。利用各种光谱(X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、紫外-漫反射光谱、X 射线光电子能谱)、电化学(循环伏安法、电化学阻抗能谱)和分析(扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线能谱、透射电子显微镜、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)技术对合成的纳米复合材料进行了表征。通过 X 射线衍射发现,纳米复合材料的平均粒径介于 14.8 纳米和 39.2 纳米之间。表征良好的掺银 BZOP 纳米复合材料由于能带隙较低,在 400 纳米到 800 纳米的可见光照射范围内,对亚甲蓝(MB)和玫瑰红(RB)等有害染料具有更强的光催化降解活性。因此,与其他掺银 BZOP 纳米复合材料和纯 BZOP 纳米复合材料相比,7 摩尔% 的掺银 BZOP 纳米复合材料对 MB(D.E. = 98.7%)和 RB(D.E. = 99.3%)分别表现出优异的光降解活性,这是由于其增强的半导体和光学行为、高结合能以及机械和热稳定性。掺银的 BZOP 纳米复合材料电化学传感器对硝酸铅和葡萄糖具有良好的传感能力,最低检测限(LOD)分别为 18 μM 和 12 μM。此外,初步抗菌筛选研究发现,与革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)相比,掺银 BZOP 纳米复合材料对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)更有效。清除剂研究表明,O2-- 和 -OH 等自由基是造成甲基溴和溴化物矿化的原因。实验数据显示,在可见光照射下,掺银的 BZOP 可促进自由基(O2-- 和 -OH)的形成以及甲基溴和溴的降解。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Cross-Linking of MXene-Intercalated Graphene Oxide Membranes with Antiswelling Properties for Dye and Salt Rejection 自交联的具有抗溶胀特性的 MXene-Intercalated 氧化石墨烯膜可用于染料和盐的阻隔
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00059
Saurabh Kr Tiwary, Maninderjeet Singh, Farzana Hasan Likhi, Siddharaj Dabade, Jack F. Douglas and Alamgir Karim*, 

Membrane-based water purification is poised to play an important role in tackling the potable water crisis for safe and clean water access for the general population. Several studies have focused on near two-dimensional membranes for this purpose, which is based on an ion rejection technique. However, membrane swelling in these materials has emerged as a significant challenge because it leads to the loss of function. Herein, we report a self-cross-linked MXene-intercalated graphene oxide (GO) membrane that retains ion and dye rejection properties because the physical cross-linking interaction between Ti–O–Ti and neighboring nanosheets effectively suppresses the swelling of the membrane. In addition to the associative Ti–O–Ti bonds, C–O–C, O═C–O, and C–OH bonds are also formed, which are important for inhibiting the swelling of the membrane. To ensure the longevity of these membranes in a service context, they were subjected to heat pressurization and subsequent thermal annealing. The membrane subjected to this novel processing history exhibits minimal swelling upon immersion in solutions and retains function, rejecting salt and dyes over a wide range of salt and dye concentrations. Furthermore, these membranes successfully rejected dye and salt over a period of 72 h without a degradation of function, suggesting that these membranes have the requisite durability for water filtration applications.

基于膜的水净化技术将在解决饮用水危机中发挥重要作用,为普通民众提供安全清洁的饮用水。为此,一些研究重点关注基于离子排斥技术的近二维膜。然而,这些材料中的膜膨胀已成为一项重大挑战,因为它会导致功能丧失。在此,我们报告了一种自交联的 MXene 互结氧化石墨烯(GO)膜,由于 Ti-O-Ti 与相邻纳米片之间的物理交联作用有效抑制了膜的膨胀,因此该膜仍具有离子和染料阻隔特性。除了 Ti-O-Ti 联接键外,还形成了 C-O-C、O═C-O 和 C-OH 键,这些键对抑制膜的膨胀非常重要。为了确保这些膜在使用环境中的使用寿命,对它们进行了热压和随后的热退火处理。在溶液中浸泡后,经过这种新型加工工艺处理的膜膨胀极小,并能保持功能,在盐和染料浓度范围很宽的情况下都能析出盐和染料。此外,这些膜在 72 小时内成功地析出了染料和盐,而功能没有退化,这表明这些膜具有水过滤应用所需的耐久性。
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引用次数: 0
Activated Carbon Electrodes for Supercapacitors from Purple Corncob (Zea mays L.) 从紫色玉米芯(玉米)中提取用于超级电容器的活性炭电极
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00048
Emily Huarote-Garcia, Andy A. Cardenas-Riojas, Ivonne E. Monje, Elvis O. López, Ofelia M. Arias-Pinedo, Gabriel A. Planes and Angélica M. Baena-Moncada*, 

Activated carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes synthesized from biomass or waste-derived biomass have recently attracted considerable attention because of their low cost, natural abundance, and power delivery performance. In this work, purple-corncob-based active carbons are prepared by KOH activation and subsequently evaluated as a composite electrode for supercapacitors using either an acidic or an alkali solution as the electrolyte. The synthesis of the material involves mixing the purple corncob powder with different concentrations of KOH (in the range of 5% to 30%) and a thermal treatment at 700 °C under an inert atmosphere. Physicochemical characterizations were performed using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, N2 physisorption analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while the electrochemical characteristics were determined using cyclic voltammetry, a galvanostatic charge/discharge curve, and electrochemical impedance techniques measured in a three- and two-electrode system. Composite electrodes activated with 10% KOH had a specific surface area of 728 m2 g–1, and high capacitances of 195 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 in 1 mol L–1 H2SO4 and 116 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 in 1 mol L–1 KOH were obtained. It also presented a 76% capacitance retention after 50 000 cycles. These properties depend significantly on the microporous area and micropore volume characteristics of the activated carbon. Overall, our results indicate that purple corncob has an interesting prospect as a carbon precursor material for supercapacitor electrodes.

以生物质或废弃生物质为原料合成的活性碳基超级电容器电极因其成本低、天然丰富、功率传输性能好等优点,最近引起了广泛关注。在这项研究中,通过 KOH 活化法制备了基于紫色角豆的活性碳,随后对其作为超级电容器的复合电极进行了评估,该电极使用酸性或碱性溶液作为电解质。该材料的合成过程包括将紫色玉米芯粉末与不同浓度的 KOH(5% 至 30%)混合,然后在惰性气氛下于 700 °C 进行热处理。使用扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、N2 物理吸附分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线光电子能谱确定了材料的物理化学特性,并在三电极和双电极系统中使用循环伏安法、电流静态充放电曲线和电化学阻抗技术测定了材料的电化学特性。用 10% KOH 活化的复合电极的比表面积为 728 m2 g-1,在 1 mol L-1 H2SO4 溶液中 0.5 A g-1 时的电容为 195 F g-1,在 1 mol L-1 KOH 溶液中 0.5 A g-1 时的电容为 116 F g-1。此外,在 50 000 次循环后,电容保持率为 76%。这些特性在很大程度上取决于活性炭的微孔面积和微孔体积特性。总之,我们的研究结果表明,紫色玉米芯作为超级电容器电极的碳前驱体材料具有令人感兴趣的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Materials Science Toolkit for Carbon Footprint Assessment: A Case Study for Endoscopic Accessories of Common Use 碳足迹评估材料科学工具包:内窥镜常用配件案例研究
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00044
Rubén Martín-Cabezuelo*, Guillermo Vilariño-Feltrer, Alberto J. Campillo-Fernández*, Vicente Lorenzo-Zúñiga, Vicente Pons, Pedro López-Muñoz and Isabel Tort-Ausina, 

Ironically, healthcare systems are key agents in respiratory-related diseases and estimated deaths because of the high impact of their greenhouse gas emissions, along with industry, transportation, and housing. Based on safety requirements, hospitals and related services use an extensive number of consumables, most of which end up incinerated at the end of their life cycle. A thorough assessment of the carbon footprint of such devices typically requires knowing precise information about the manufacturing process, which is rarely available in detail because of the many materials, pieces, and steps involved during the fabrication. Yet, the tools most often used for determining the environmental impact of consumer goods require a bunch of parameters, mainly based on the material composition of the device. Here, we report a basic set of analytical methods that provide the information required by the software OpenLCA to calculate the main outcome related to environmental impact, greenhouse gas emissions. Through thermogravimetry, calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, we proved that obtaining relevant data for the calculator in the exemplifying case of endoscopy tooling or accessories is possible. This routine procedure opens the door to a broader, more accurate analysis of the environmental impact of everyday work at hospital services, offering potential alternatives to minimize it.

具有讽刺意味的是,医疗保健系统与工业、交通和住房一样,因其温室气体排放量大而成为呼吸系统相关疾病和估计死亡人数的关键因素。基于安全要求,医院和相关服务机构使用大量消耗品,其中大部分在生命周期结束后被焚烧。要彻底评估这些设备的碳足迹,通常需要了解制造过程的精确信息,但由于制造过程涉及许多材料、部件和步骤,因此很少有详细的信息。然而,最常用于确定消费品对环境影响的工具需要一系列参数,这些参数主要基于设备的材料成分。在此,我们报告了一套基本的分析方法,这些方法提供了 OpenLCA 软件计算与环境影响相关的主要结果(温室气体排放)所需的信息。通过热重法、量热法、红外光谱法和元素分析法,我们证明了在内窥镜工具或配件的示例中为计算器获取相关数据是可能的。这一例行程序为更广泛、更准确地分析医院服务日常工作对环境的影响打开了大门,为最大限度地减少环境影响提供了潜在的替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
Differences in Dissolved Organic Matter Molecular Composition along Two Plume Trajectories from the Yangtze River Estuary to the East China Sea 长江口至东海两条羽流轨迹上溶解有机物分子组成的差异
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00030
Zhao Liang Chen, Yuanbi Yi*, Haibo Zhang, Penghui Li, Yuntao Wang, Zhenwei Yan, Kai Wang, Chen He, Quan Shi and Ding He*, 

Analyzing the molecular composition change of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during transportation in estuaries can enhance our understanding of the fate of DOM. However, the impact of hydrologic conditions resulting from large river plumes on the DOM cycle are less explored, and previous studies were insufficient to capture the molecular fate that occur during the transportation process. In this study, we used a range of bulk and optical techniques, as well as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), to determine the concentration and characteristics of DOM along two trajectories of downstream plumes of diluted water of the Yangtze (Changjiang) River estuary (YRE) during the high discharge season. These two plumes situated along the route of the summer Changjiang diluted water (CDW) have been identified and named CDW-North (CDW-N) and CDW-South (CDW-S), respectively. Despite having the same riverine end-member origin, the turbidity zone in YRE significantly modifies the molecular characteristics and composition of DOM. The results of FT-ICR MS indicated a spatial variation of DOM composition in the coastal zone of the two plumes. The relative intensities of the CHO, CHOS, and CHONS compounds are negatively correlated with salinity. In addition, the coastal zones of both CDW-N and CDW-S are characterized by more autochthonous DOM sources. More CHON compounds in CDW-N are probably due to the production of autochthonous DOM in offshore waters. The activity of phytoplankton increased the surface dissolved oxygen level of CDW-N in the coastal zone. However, the hypoxic zone formed at the bottom of the CDW-N due to microbial degradation of organic matter and may further benefit the preservation of CHON compounds. Our study emphasizes that the characteristics and composition of the estuarine DOM can be significantly shaped by distinct large river plumes. Furthermore, using FT-ICR MS in combination with complementary techniques can better assist in identifying the sources and transformation mechanisms of estuarine DOM in large river plume-affected systems and provide more valuable insights into the role of DOM in the estuarine biogeochemical cycle.

分析溶解有机物(DOM)在河口运输过程中的分子组成变化,可以加深我们对溶解有机物归宿的了解。然而,大型河流羽流造成的水文条件对溶解有机物循环的影响却鲜有研究,以往的研究也不足以捕捉运输过程中发生的分子归宿。在本研究中,我们采用了一系列散射和光学技术以及傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法(FT-ICR MS),测定了高排放季节长江口稀释水下游羽流的两条轨迹上 DOM 的浓度和特征。这两个羽流位于夏季长江稀释水(CDW)沿线,分别被命名为长江稀释水-北(CDW-N)和长江稀释水-南(CDW-S)。尽管具有相同的河流末端成员来源,但 YRE 的浊度区显著改变了 DOM 的分子特征和组成。FT-ICR MS 的结果表明,两个羽流沿岸地区的 DOM 组成存在空间差异。CHO、CHOS 和 CHONS 化合物的相对强度与盐度呈负相关。此外,CDW-N 和 CDW-S 的沿岸带都有较多的自生 DOM 来源。CDW-N 中更多的 CHON 化合物可能是由于近海水域产生了自生 DOM。浮游植物的活动提高了沿岸带 CDW-N 的表层溶解氧水平。然而,由于微生物降解有机物,CDW-N 底部形成了缺氧区,这可能进一步有利于 CHON 化合物的保存。我们的研究强调,河口 DOM 的特征和组成可由不同的大型河流羽流显著影响。此外,将 FT-ICR MS 与辅助技术相结合,可以更好地帮助确定受大河羽流影响系统中河口 DOM 的来源和转化机制,并为了解 DOM 在河口生物地球化学循环中的作用提供更有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Hierarchical Porous Bimetallic FeMn Metal–Organic Framework Gel for Efficient Activation of Peracetic Acid in Antibiotic Degradation 在抗生素降解过程中高效活化过乙酸的分层多孔双金属铁锰金属有机框架凝胶
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00041
Lu Zheng, Jiarui Fu, Baolv Hua, Yi-nan Wu, Yifan Gu, Nianqiao Qin and Fengting Li*, 

Effective techniques for eliminating antibiotics from water environments are in high demand. The peracetic acid (PAA)-based advanced oxidation process has recently drawn increasing attention for its effective antibiotic degrading capability. However, current applications of PAA-based techniques are limited and tend to have unsatisfactory performance. An additional catalyst for PAA activation could provide a promising solution to improve the performance of PAA. Bulky metal–organic framework gels (MOGs) stand out as ideal catalysts for PAA activation owing to their multiple advantages, including large surface areas, high porosity, and hierarchical pore systems. Herein, a bimetallic hierarchical porous structure, i.e., FeMn13BTC, was synthesized through a facile one-pot synthesis method and employed for PAA activation in ofloxacin (OFX) degradation. The optimized FeMn MOG/PAA system exhibited efficient catalytic performance, characterized by 81.85% OFX degradation achieved within 1 h owing to the specific hierarchical structure and synergistic effect between Fe and Mn ions, which greatly exceeded the performance of the only PAA-catalyzed system. Furthermore, the FeMn MOG/PAA system maintained >80% OFX degradation in natural water. Quenching experiments, electron spin resonance spectra, and model molecular degradation revealed that the primary reactive oxygen species responsible for the catalytic effect was R–O, especially CH3C(═O)OO, with minor contributions of OH and 1O2. Overall, introduction of the MOG catalyst strategy for PAA activation achieved high antibiotic degradation performance, establishing a paradigm for the design of heterogeneous hierarchical systems to broaden the scope of catalyzed water treatment applications.

消除水环境中抗生素的有效技术需求量很大。最近,基于过乙酸(PAA)的高级氧化工艺因其有效的抗生素降解能力而受到越来越多的关注。然而,目前基于 PAA 的技术应用有限,性能往往不尽如人意。为 PAA 的活化添加催化剂可为改善 PAA 的性能提供一种前景广阔的解决方案。大块金属有机框架凝胶(MOGs)具有大表面积、高孔隙率和分层孔隙体系等多种优点,是 PAA 活化的理想催化剂。本文通过简单的一锅合成法合成了一种双金属分层多孔结构,即 FeMn13BTC,并将其用于氧氟沙星(OFX)降解过程中的 PAA 活化。优化后的 FeMn MOG/PAA 体系表现出高效的催化性能,由于其特殊的分层结构以及铁离子和锰离子之间的协同效应,在 1 h 内实现了 81.85% 的 OFX 降解,大大超过了仅有的 PAA 催化体系。此外,FeMn MOG/PAA 系统还能在天然水中保持 80% 的 OFX 降解率。淬灭实验、电子自旋共振光谱和模型分子降解显示,产生催化效果的主要活性氧是 R-O-,尤其是 CH3C(═O)OO-,其次是 -OH 和 1O2。总之,采用 MOG 催化剂活化 PAA 的策略实现了较高的抗生素降解性能,为设计异构分层体系建立了范例,从而拓宽了催化水处理的应用范围。
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引用次数: 0
Residential Wood Combustion in Germany: A Twin-Site Study of Local Village Contributions to Particulate Pollutants and Their Potential Health Effects 德国住宅木材燃烧:当地村庄对颗粒污染物的贡献及其潜在健康影响的双站点研究
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00035
Dominik van Pinxteren*, Vanessa Engelhardt, Falk Mothes, Laurent Poulain, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Gerald Spindler, Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Thomas Tuch, Thomas Müller, Alfred Wiedensohler, Gunter Löschau, Susanne Bastian and Hartmut Herrmann*, 

Residential wood combustion contributing to airborne particulate matter (PM10) was studied for 1 year at two sites in the village of Melpitz. Significant excess pollution was observed at the Melpitz center compared to that at the TROPOS research station Melpitz reference site, situated only 700 m away. Local concentration increments at the village site for the combustion PM constituents organic carbon, elemental carbon, levoglucosan, and benzo[a]pyrene were determined under appropriate wind directions, and their winter mean values were 0.7 μg m–3, 0.3 μg m–3, 0.1 μg m–3, and 0.4 ng m–3, representing relative increases over the regional background concentration of 24, 70, 61, and 107%, respectively. Yearly, weekly, and diurnal profiles of village increments suggest residential heating as the dominant source of this excess pollution, mainly originating from wood combustion. Receptor modeling using positive matrix factorization quantified 4.5 μg m–3 wood combustion PM at the village site, representing an increment of 1.9 μg m–3 and an increase of ∼75% over the 2.6 μg m–3 regional background wood combustion PM. This increment varied with season, temperature, and boundary layer height and reached daily mean values of 4–6 μg m–3 during unfavorable meteorological conditions. Potential health effects were estimated and resulted in an all-cause mortality from short-term exposure to wood combustion PM of 2.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year for areas with similar wood smoke levels as observed in Melpitz. The excess cancer risk from the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was 6.4 per 100,000. For both health metrics, the very local contributions from the village itself were about 40–50%, indicating a strong potential for mitigation through local-scale policies. A compilation of literature data demonstrates wood combustion to represent a major source of PM pollution in Germany, with average winter-time contributions of 10–20%. The present study quantifies the negative impacts of heating with wood in rural residential areas, where the continuous monitoring of air quality is typically lacking. Further regulation of this PM source is warranted in order to protect human health.

住宅木材燃烧对空气中颗粒物(PM10)的影响在Melpitz村的两个地点进行了为期一年的研究。与仅700米远的TROPOS研究站Melpitz参考站点相比,在Melpitz中心观测到明显的过量污染。在适当的风向下,测定了燃烧PM组分有机碳、元素碳、左旋葡聚糖和苯并[a]芘的局部浓度增量,其冬季平均值分别为0.7 μg m-3、0.3 μg m-3、0.1 μg m-3和0.4 ng m-3,相对于区域背景浓度分别增加了24%、70%、61%和107%。村庄增量的年、周、日分布表明,住宅供暖是这种过度污染的主要来源,主要来自木材燃烧。使用正矩阵分解的受体模型量化了村庄现场4.5 μg m-3的木材燃烧PM,比2.6 μg m-3的区域背景木材燃烧PM增加了1.9 μg m-3,增加了约75%。该增量随季节、温度、边界层高度的变化而变化,在不利气象条件下可达4 ~ 6 μg - m-3的日平均值。对潜在的健康影响进行了估计,结果显示,在梅尔皮茨观察到的木材烟雾水平相似的地区,短期接触木材燃烧PM造成的全因死亡率为每10万居民每年2.1例。多环芳烃浓度造成的过量癌症风险为每10万人6.4人。对于这两项卫生指标,村庄本身的本地贡献约为40-50%,表明通过地方规模的政策有很大的缓解潜力。文献数据汇编表明,木材燃烧是德国PM污染的主要来源,冬季平均贡献10-20%。本研究量化了农村居民区用木材取暖的负面影响,这些地区通常缺乏对空气质量的持续监测。为了保护人类健康,有必要对这一PM来源进行进一步监管。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization and Toxic Potency of Airborne Particles Formed upon Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste Recycling: A Case Study 电子电气设备废弃物回收后形成的空气微粒的特性及毒性:个案研究
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00034
Inger Odnevall*, Marianne Brookman-Amissah, Franca Stábile, Mikael T. Ekvall, Gunilla Herting, Marie Bermeo Vargas, Maria E. Messing, Joachim Sturve, Lars-Anders Hansson, Christina Isaxon and Jenny Rissler*, 

Manual dismantling, shredding, and mechanical grinding of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) at recycling facilities inevitably lead to the accidental formation and release of both coarse and fine particle aerosols, primarily into the ambient air. Since diffuse emissions to air of such WEEE particles are not regulated, their dispersion from the recycling plants into the adjacent environment is possible. The aim of this interdisciplinary project was to collect and characterize airborne WEEE particles smaller than 1 μm generated at a Nordic open waste recycling facility from a particle concentration, shape, and bulk and surface composition perspective. Since dispersed airborne particles eventually may reach rivers, lakes, and possibly oceans, the aim was also to assess whether such particles may pose any adverse effects on aquatic organisms. The results show that WEEE particles only exerted a weak tendency toward cytotoxic effects on fish gill cell lines, although the exposure resulted in ROS formation that may induce adverse effects. On the contrary, the WEEE particles were toxic toward the crustacean zooplankter Daphnia magna, showing strong effects on survival of the animals in a concentration-dependent way.

在回收设施中,人工拆卸、切碎和机械研磨来自电气和电子设备(WEEE)的废物不可避免地导致意外形成和释放粗颗粒和细颗粒气溶胶,主要是进入环境空气中。由于这些报废电子电气设备颗粒的扩散排放到空气中没有受到管制,因此它们有可能从回收厂扩散到邻近的环境中。该跨学科项目的目的是从颗粒浓度、形状、体积和表面组成的角度收集和表征北欧开放式废物回收设施中产生的小于1 μm的空气中WEEE颗粒。由于分散在空气中的微粒最终可能到达河流、湖泊,甚至海洋,因此研究的目的还在于评估这些微粒是否会对水生生物造成任何不利影响。结果表明,WEEE颗粒仅对鱼鳃细胞系产生微弱的细胞毒性作用,尽管暴露会导致ROS的形成,从而引起不良反应。相反,WEEE颗粒对甲壳类浮游动物大水蚤(Daphnia magna)具有毒性,对水蚤的生存有较强的影响,且呈浓度依赖性。
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引用次数: 0
Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Human Occupants in a Student Office: Dependence on Ozone Concentration 学生办公室内人员的挥发性有机化合物排放:与臭氧浓度的关系
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00043
Yuekun Qu, Di Xie and Yingjun Liu*, 

Human occupants themselves constitute an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor environments through breath and dermal emissions. In order to quantify VOC emissions from occupants under real-world settings, previous indoor observational studies often determined emission factors (i.e., average emission rates per person). However, the values obtained across these studies exhibited large variability, and the causes of this variability still need to be understood. Herein we report 10-day real-time VOC measurements in a university student office, using a proton transfer reaction-quadrupole interface-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A method was developed to identify VOCs of primary human origin and to quantify the corresponding emission factors, accounting for the dynamically changing occupancy level and ventilation rate in the assessed office. We found that the emission factors of many dermally emitted VOCs strongly increased as the ozone concentration increased from <3 to 10–15 ppb. These VOCs include geranyl acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), and C10-C12 saturated aldehydes, which align with characteristic first-generation ozonolysis products of skin oil. The strongest increase occurred for 6-MHO, from 113 to 337 μg/h/p. In comparison, acetone and isoprene, which are primarily emitted from human breath, varied little with the ozone level. In light of this finding, we conducted an integrated analysis of emission factors reported in the literature for two frequently reported species, namely, 6-MHO and decanal. Ozone concentration alone can explain 94–97% of the variation in their emission factors across previous studies, and the best-estimated ozone dependence obtained using the literature data is consistent with those obtained in the current study. These results suggest that the ozone concentration is a key factor regulating emission factors of many dermally emitted VOCs in real indoor environments, which has to be considered when reporting or using the emission factors.

人类居住者本身通过呼吸和皮肤排放构成了室内环境中挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的重要来源。为了量化居住者在真实环境下的挥发性有机化合物排放,以往的室内观测研究通常会确定排放因子(即每人的平均排放率)。然而,这些研究得出的数值存在很大的差异,造成这种差异的原因仍有待了解。在此,我们使用质子转移反应-四极杆界面-飞行时间质谱仪,对某大学学生办公室的挥发性有机化合物进行了为期 10 天的实时测量。我们开发了一种方法来识别主要来源于人类的挥发性有机化合物,并量化相应的排放因子,同时考虑到被评估办公室中动态变化的占用率和通风率。我们发现,当臭氧浓度从 3 ppb 增加到 10-15 ppb 时,许多经皮肤排放的挥发性有机化合物的排放因子会显著增加。这些挥发性有机化合物包括香叶基丙酮、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮(6-MHO)和 C10-C12 饱和醛,它们与皮肤油的第一代臭氧分解产物特征一致。6-MHO 的增幅最大,从 113 μg/h/p 增至 337 μg/h/p。相比之下,主要从人体呼吸中排放的丙酮和异戊二烯随臭氧水平的变化很小。有鉴于此,我们对文献中报道的两种常见物质(即 6-MHO 和癸醛)的排放因子进行了综合分析。在以往的研究中,仅臭氧浓度就能解释这两种物质排放因子 94-97% 的变化,而且利用文献数据得出的最佳估计臭氧依赖性与本次研究得出的结果一致。这些结果表明,在真实的室内环境中,臭氧浓度是调节许多经皮肤排放的挥发性有机化合物排放因子的关键因素,在报告或使用排放因子时必须考虑到这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Atrazine Degradation Using Immobilized Triazine Hydrolase from Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 in Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials 固定化三嗪水解酶在介孔二氧化硅纳米材料中降解阿特拉津的研究
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00036
Karla Diviesti, Glory A. Russell-Parks, Brian G. Trewyn* and Richard C. Holz*, 

Triazine hydrolase fromArthrobacter aurescens TC1 (TrzN) was successfully immobilized on mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) for the first time. For both nonfunctionalized MSNs and MSNs functionalized with Zn(II), three pore sizes were evaluated for their ability to immobilize wild-type TrzN: Mobile composition of matter no. 41 (small, 3 nm pores), mesoporous silica nanoparticle material with 10 nm pore diameter (MSN-10) (medium, 6–12 nm pores), and pore-expanded MSN-10 (large, 15–30 nm pores). Of these six TrzN:MSN biomaterials, it was shown that TrzN:MSN-10 was the most active (3.8 ± 0.4 × 10–5 U/mg) toward the hydrolysis of a 50 μM atrazine solution at 25 °C. The TrzN:MSN-10 biomaterial was then coated in chitosan (TrzN:MSN-10:Chit) as chitosan has been shown to increase stability in extreme conditions such as low/high pH, heat shock, and the presence of organic solvents. TrzN:MSN-10:Chit was shown to be a superior TrzN biomaterial to TrzN:MSN-10 as it exhibited higher activity under all storage conditions, in the presence of 20% MeOH, at low and high pH values, and at elevated temperatures up to 80 °C. Finally, the TrzN:MSN-10:Chit biomaterial was shown to be fully active in river water, which establishes it as a functional biomaterial under actual field conditions. A combination of these data indicate that the TrzN:MSN-10:Chit biomaterial exhibited the best overall catalytic profile making it a promising biocatalyst for the bioremediation of atrazine.

首次成功地将三嗪水解酶(TrzN)固定在介孔二氧化硅纳米材料(MSNs)上。对于未功能化的msn和带有Zn(II)功能化的msn,我们评估了三种孔径对野生型TrzN的固定化能力:孔径为10 nm的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒材料(MSN-10)(中孔径为6-12 nm)和扩孔MSN-10(大孔径为15-30 nm)。结果表明,TrzN:MSN-10在25℃条件下水解50 μM阿特拉津溶液的活性最高(3.8±0.4 × 10-5 U/mg)。将TrzN:MSN-10生物材料包覆在壳聚糖(TrzN:MSN-10:Chit)中,因为壳聚糖已被证明在极端条件下(如低/高pH值、热冲击和有机溶剂的存在)可以提高稳定性。TrzN:MSN-10:Chit是一种优于TrzN:MSN-10的生物材料,因为它在所有储存条件下,在20%的MeOH存在下,在低pH值和高pH值以及高达80°C的高温下都表现出更高的活性。最后,TrzN:MSN-10:Chit生物材料在河流水体中表现出充分的活性,在实际野外条件下确立了其作为功能性生物材料的地位。综合这些数据表明,TrzN:MSN-10:Chit生物材料表现出最好的整体催化性能,使其成为阿特拉津生物修复的理想生物催化剂。
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引用次数: 0
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