Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0002410.1021/acsenvironau.4c00024
Fanny E. K. Okaikue-Woodi, Reyna Morales Lumagui and Jessica R. Ray*,
The increased presence of toxic chemicals in aquatic matrices and their associated health effects raise the need for more effective treatment technologies. The application of Fe(VI), an advanced oxidation treatment agent with disinfecting and coagulating capabilities, is limited by Fe(VI) aqueous instability. Our previous study proposed an Fe(VI)-coated sand media to overcome this constraint and demonstrated that Fe(VI)-coated sand was an effective medium for the treatment of phenolic compounds. In this study, we assessed the potential of the media for treatment of acetaminophen (ACM), benzotriazole (BZT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)─common contaminants found in wastewater effluents─in ultrapure and synthetic wastewater effluent. Fe(VI)-coated sand reactivity was influenced by the solution pH and aqueous chemistry. For example, the removal of Pb improved by 39% in the presence of trace organics, indicating that trace metal removal was enhanced by Fe(III) phases formed during Fe(VI) reactions with trace organics. While oxidation of trace organic compounds increased as pH decreased, trace metal sorption was more favorable at higher pH (i.e., pH 8 and 9). The oxidation efficiency of trace organics by the media was the highest for ACM and SMX while BZT degradation was limited due to formation of Cu–BZT complexes. Batch tests in synthetic wastewater effluent revealed that the presence of divalent cations (i.e., Ca2+ and Mg2+) can catalyze Fe(VI) self-decay and promote Fe(III) production and subsequent trace metal removal; however, oxidation of trace organics was hindered in this matrix. This study highlights the potential for Fe(VI)-coated sand application for the treatment of complex matrices more representative of natural and engineered aquatic systems.
{"title":"Simultaneous Oxidation of Trace Organics and Sorption of Trace Metals by Ferrate (Fe(VI))-Coated Sand in Synthetic Wastewater Effluent","authors":"Fanny E. K. Okaikue-Woodi, Reyna Morales Lumagui and Jessica R. Ray*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0002410.1021/acsenvironau.4c00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00024https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The increased presence of toxic chemicals in aquatic matrices and their associated health effects raise the need for more effective treatment technologies. The application of Fe(VI), an advanced oxidation treatment agent with disinfecting and coagulating capabilities, is limited by Fe(VI) aqueous instability. Our previous study proposed an Fe(VI)-coated sand media to overcome this constraint and demonstrated that Fe(VI)-coated sand was an effective medium for the treatment of phenolic compounds. In this study, we assessed the potential of the media for treatment of acetaminophen (ACM), benzotriazole (BZT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)─common contaminants found in wastewater effluents─in ultrapure and synthetic wastewater effluent. Fe(VI)-coated sand reactivity was influenced by the solution pH and aqueous chemistry. For example, the removal of Pb improved by 39% in the presence of trace organics, indicating that trace metal removal was enhanced by Fe(III) phases formed during Fe(VI) reactions with trace organics. While oxidation of trace organic compounds increased as pH decreased, trace metal sorption was more favorable at higher pH (i.e., pH 8 and 9). The oxidation efficiency of trace organics by the media was the highest for ACM and SMX while BZT degradation was limited due to formation of Cu–BZT complexes. Batch tests in synthetic wastewater effluent revealed that the presence of divalent cations (i.e., Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>) can catalyze Fe(VI) self-decay and promote Fe(III) production and subsequent trace metal removal; however, oxidation of trace organics was hindered in this matrix. This study highlights the potential for Fe(VI)-coated sand application for the treatment of complex matrices more representative of natural and engineered aquatic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"4 5","pages":"260–270 260–270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142237614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017
Bright C. Elijah, Ali Ahmad, Yalin Li, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle, Lewis S. Rowles
Point-of-use (POU) water disinfection technologies can be adopted to provide access to safe drinking water by treating water at the household level; however, navigating various POU disinfection technologies can be difficult. While numerous conventional POU devices exist, emerging technologies using novel materials or advanced processes have been under development and claim to be of lower cost with higher treatment capacity. However, it is unclear if these claims are substantiated and how novel technologies compare to conventional ones in terms of cost and environmental impacts when providing the same service (i.e., achieving a necessary level of disinfection for safe drinking water). This research assessed the sustainability of four different POU technologies (chlorination using sodium hypochlorite, a silver-nanoparticle-enabled ceramic water filter, ultraviolet mercury lamps, and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes). Leveraging open-source Python packages (QSDsan and EXPOsan), the cost and environmental impacts of these POU technologies were assessed using techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment as per capita cost (USD·cap–1·yr–1) and global warming potential (kg CO2 eq·cap–1·yr–1). Impacts of water quality parameters (e.g., turbidity, hardness) were quantified for both surface water and groundwater, and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were used to identify which assumptions influence outcomes. All technologies were further evaluated across ranges of adoption times, and contextual analysis was performed to evaluate the implications of technology deployment across the world. Results of this study can potentially provide valuable insights for decision-makers, nonprofit organizations, and future researchers in developing sustainable approaches for ensuring access to safe drinking water through POU technologies.
使用点(POU)水消毒技术可通过在家庭层面处理水,为人们提供安全的饮用水;然而,驾驭各种 POU 消毒技术可能很困难。虽然有许多传统的 POU 设备,但使用新型材料或先进工艺的新兴技术也在开发之中,并声称成本更低,处理能力更强。然而,目前还不清楚这些说法是否属实,也不清楚在提供相同服务(即达到安全饮用水所需的消毒水平)时,新型技术与传统技术在成本和环境影响方面的比较。这项研究评估了四种不同的 POU 技术(使用次氯酸钠进行氯化、银纳米粒子陶瓷滤水器、紫外线汞灯和紫外线发光二极管)的可持续性。利用开源 Python 软件包(QSDsan 和 EXPOsan),通过技术经济分析和生命周期评估,以人均成本(美元-cap-1-yr-1)和全球升温潜能值(千克二氧化碳当量-cap-1-yr-1)评估了这些 POU 技术的成本和环境影响。对地表水和地下水的水质参数(如浊度、硬度)的影响进行了量化,并使用不确定性和敏感性分析来确定哪些假设会影响结果。在采用时间范围内对所有技术进行了进一步评估,并进行了背景分析,以评估技术在全球范围内部署的影响。这项研究的结果有可能为决策者、非营利组织和未来的研究人员提供有价值的见解,帮助他们制定可持续的方法,确保通过 POU 技术获得安全饮用水。
{"title":"Assessing the Relative Sustainability of Point-of-Use Water Disinfection Technologies for Off-Grid Communities","authors":"Bright C. Elijah, Ali Ahmad, Yalin Li, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle, Lewis S. Rowles","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017","url":null,"abstract":"Point-of-use (POU) water disinfection technologies can be adopted to provide access to safe drinking water by treating water at the household level; however, navigating various POU disinfection technologies can be difficult. While numerous conventional POU devices exist, emerging technologies using novel materials or advanced processes have been under development and claim to be of lower cost with higher treatment capacity. However, it is unclear if these claims are substantiated and how novel technologies compare to conventional ones in terms of cost and environmental impacts when providing the same service (i.e., achieving a necessary level of disinfection for safe drinking water). This research assessed the sustainability of four different POU technologies (chlorination using sodium hypochlorite, a silver-nanoparticle-enabled ceramic water filter, ultraviolet mercury lamps, and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes). Leveraging open-source Python packages (QSDsan and EXPOsan), the cost and environmental impacts of these POU technologies were assessed using techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment as per capita cost (USD·cap<sup>–1</sup>·yr<sup>–1</sup>) and global warming potential (kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq·cap<sup>–1</sup>·yr<sup>–1</sup>). Impacts of water quality parameters (e.g., turbidity, hardness) were quantified for both surface water and groundwater, and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were used to identify which assumptions influence outcomes. All technologies were further evaluated across ranges of adoption times, and contextual analysis was performed to evaluate the implications of technology deployment across the world. Results of this study can potentially provide valuable insights for decision-makers, nonprofit organizations, and future researchers in developing sustainable approaches for ensuring access to safe drinking water through POU technologies.","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0001710.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017
Bright C. Elijah, Ali Ahmad, Yalin Li, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle and Lewis S. Rowles*,
Point-of-use (POU) water disinfection technologies can be adopted to provide access to safe drinking water by treating water at the household level; however, navigating various POU disinfection technologies can be difficult. While numerous conventional POU devices exist, emerging technologies using novel materials or advanced processes have been under development and claim to be of lower cost with higher treatment capacity. However, it is unclear if these claims are substantiated and how novel technologies compare to conventional ones in terms of cost and environmental impacts when providing the same service (i.e., achieving a necessary level of disinfection for safe drinking water). This research assessed the sustainability of four different POU technologies (chlorination using sodium hypochlorite, a silver-nanoparticle-enabled ceramic water filter, ultraviolet mercury lamps, and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes). Leveraging open-source Python packages (QSDsan and EXPOsan), the cost and environmental impacts of these POU technologies were assessed using techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment as per capita cost (USD·cap–1·yr–1) and global warming potential (kg CO2 eq·cap–1·yr–1). Impacts of water quality parameters (e.g., turbidity, hardness) were quantified for both surface water and groundwater, and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were used to identify which assumptions influence outcomes. All technologies were further evaluated across ranges of adoption times, and contextual analysis was performed to evaluate the implications of technology deployment across the world. Results of this study can potentially provide valuable insights for decision-makers, nonprofit organizations, and future researchers in developing sustainable approaches for ensuring access to safe drinking water through POU technologies.
使用点(POU)水消毒技术可通过在家庭层面处理水,为人们提供安全的饮用水;然而,驾驭各种 POU 消毒技术可能很困难。虽然有许多传统的 POU 设备,但使用新型材料或先进工艺的新兴技术也在开发之中,并声称成本更低,处理能力更强。然而,目前还不清楚这些说法是否属实,也不清楚在提供相同服务(即达到安全饮用水所需的消毒水平)时,新型技术与传统技术在成本和环境影响方面的比较。这项研究评估了四种不同的 POU 技术(使用次氯酸钠进行氯化、银纳米粒子陶瓷滤水器、紫外线汞灯和紫外线发光二极管)的可持续性。利用开源 Python 软件包(QSDsan 和 EXPOsan),通过技术经济分析和生命周期评估,以人均成本(美元-cap-1-yr-1)和全球升温潜能值(千克二氧化碳当量-cap-1-yr-1)评估了这些 POU 技术的成本和环境影响。对地表水和地下水的水质参数(如浊度、硬度)的影响进行了量化,并使用不确定性和敏感性分析来确定哪些假设会影响结果。在采用时间范围内对所有技术进行了进一步评估,并进行了背景分析,以评估技术在全球范围内部署的影响。这项研究的结果有可能为决策者、非营利组织和未来的研究人员提供有价值的见解,帮助他们制定可持续的方法,确保通过 POU 技术获得安全饮用水。
{"title":"Assessing the Relative Sustainability of Point-of-Use Water Disinfection Technologies for Off-Grid Communities","authors":"Bright C. Elijah, Ali Ahmad, Yalin Li, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle and Lewis S. Rowles*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0001710.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Point-of-use (POU) water disinfection technologies can be adopted to provide access to safe drinking water by treating water at the household level; however, navigating various POU disinfection technologies can be difficult. While numerous conventional POU devices exist, emerging technologies using novel materials or advanced processes have been under development and claim to be of lower cost with higher treatment capacity. However, it is unclear if these claims are substantiated and how novel technologies compare to conventional ones in terms of cost and environmental impacts when providing the same service (i.e., achieving a necessary level of disinfection for safe drinking water). This research assessed the sustainability of four different POU technologies (chlorination using sodium hypochlorite, a silver-nanoparticle-enabled ceramic water filter, ultraviolet mercury lamps, and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes). Leveraging open-source Python packages (QSDsan and EXPOsan), the cost and environmental impacts of these POU technologies were assessed using techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment as per capita cost (USD·cap<sup>–1</sup>·yr<sup>–1</sup>) and global warming potential (kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq·cap<sup>–1</sup>·yr<sup>–1</sup>). Impacts of water quality parameters (e.g., turbidity, hardness) were quantified for both surface water and groundwater, and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were used to identify which assumptions influence outcomes. All technologies were further evaluated across ranges of adoption times, and contextual analysis was performed to evaluate the implications of technology deployment across the world. Results of this study can potentially provide valuable insights for decision-makers, nonprofit organizations, and future researchers in developing sustainable approaches for ensuring access to safe drinking water through POU technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"4 5","pages":"248–259 248–259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142237558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015
Christian Ayafor, Toren Burton, Nathaniel George, Gregory Morose, Hsi-Wu Wong
Column chromatography is a technique widely used for the purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). One of the common solvent systems used by this technique is blends of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH), thereby exposing workers to health and safety risks and making the pharmaceutical sector one of the major contributors to chlorinated solvent waste. In this work, API separation and purification using several alternative safer solvent blends in column chromatography were evaluated and compared to DCM/MeOH. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen were used as model APIs, and caffeine was used as a model additive. Overall, some of the safer solvent blends tested provided better performance, with higher API recovery and purity compared to DCM/MeOH, in addition to potential health, safety, and environmental benefits. Specifically, blends of heptane/ethyl acetate and heptane/methyl acetate showed the most promise. Our work demonstrates the potential of these safer solvent blends as possible replacements for DCM/MeOH in API purification, thereby addressing a critical safety concern in the pharmaceutical industry.
{"title":"Safer Solvents for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Purification Using Column Chromatography","authors":"Christian Ayafor, Toren Burton, Nathaniel George, Gregory Morose, Hsi-Wu Wong","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015","url":null,"abstract":"Column chromatography is a technique widely used for the purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). One of the common solvent systems used by this technique is blends of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH), thereby exposing workers to health and safety risks and making the pharmaceutical sector one of the major contributors to chlorinated solvent waste. In this work, API separation and purification using several alternative safer solvent blends in column chromatography were evaluated and compared to DCM/MeOH. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen were used as model APIs, and caffeine was used as a model additive. Overall, some of the safer solvent blends tested provided better performance, with higher API recovery and purity compared to DCM/MeOH, in addition to potential health, safety, and environmental benefits. Specifically, blends of heptane/ethyl acetate and heptane/methyl acetate showed the most promise. Our work demonstrates the potential of these safer solvent blends as possible replacements for DCM/MeOH in API purification, thereby addressing a critical safety concern in the pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0001510.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015
Christian Ayafor, Toren Burton, Nathaniel George, Gregory Morose and Hsi-Wu Wong*,
Column chromatography is a technique widely used for the purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). One of the common solvent systems used by this technique is blends of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH), thereby exposing workers to health and safety risks and making the pharmaceutical sector one of the major contributors to chlorinated solvent waste. In this work, API separation and purification using several alternative safer solvent blends in column chromatography were evaluated and compared to DCM/MeOH. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen were used as model APIs, and caffeine was used as a model additive. Overall, some of the safer solvent blends tested provided better performance, with higher API recovery and purity compared to DCM/MeOH, in addition to potential health, safety, and environmental benefits. Specifically, blends of heptane/ethyl acetate and heptane/methyl acetate showed the most promise. Our work demonstrates the potential of these safer solvent blends as possible replacements for DCM/MeOH in API purification, thereby addressing a critical safety concern in the pharmaceutical industry.
{"title":"Safer Solvents for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Purification Using Column Chromatography","authors":"Christian Ayafor, Toren Burton, Nathaniel George, Gregory Morose and Hsi-Wu Wong*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0001510.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Column chromatography is a technique widely used for the purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). One of the common solvent systems used by this technique is blends of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH), thereby exposing workers to health and safety risks and making the pharmaceutical sector one of the major contributors to chlorinated solvent waste. In this work, API separation and purification using several alternative safer solvent blends in column chromatography were evaluated and compared to DCM/MeOH. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen were used as model APIs, and caffeine was used as a model additive. Overall, some of the safer solvent blends tested provided better performance, with higher API recovery and purity compared to DCM/MeOH, in addition to potential health, safety, and environmental benefits. Specifically, blends of heptane/ethyl acetate and heptane/methyl acetate showed the most promise. Our work demonstrates the potential of these safer solvent blends as possible replacements for DCM/MeOH in API purification, thereby addressing a critical safety concern in the pharmaceutical industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"4 5","pages":"236–247 236–247"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142237559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c0007210.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072
Emma J. Gillies*, Mi-Ling Li, Villy Christensen, Carie Hoover, Kristen J. Sora, Lisa L. Loseto, William W. L. Cheung, Hélène Angot and Amanda Giang*,
While mercury occurs naturally in the environment, human activity has significantly disturbed its biogeochemical cycle. Inorganic mercury entering aquatic systems can be transformed into methylmercury, a strong neurotoxicant that builds up in organisms and affects ecosystem and public health. In the Arctic, top predators such as beluga whales, an ecologically and culturally significant species for many Inuit communities, can contain high concentrations of methylmercury. Historical mercury concentrations in beluga in the western Canadian Arctic’s Beaufort Sea cannot be explained by mercury emission trends alone; in addition, they could potentially be driven by climate change impacts, such as rising temperatures and sea ice melt. These changes can affect mercury bioaccumulation through different pathways, including ecological and mercury transport processes. In this study, we explore key drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea beluga population using Ecopath with Ecosim, an ecosystem modeling approach, and scenarios of environmental change informed by Western Science and Inuvialuit Knowledge. Comparing the effect of historical sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and freshwater discharge time series, modeling suggests that the timing of historical increases and decreases in beluga methylmercury concentrations can be better explained by the resulting changes to ecosystem productivity rather than by those to mercury inputs and that all three environmental drivers could partially explain the decrease in mercury concentrations in beluga after the mid-1990s. This work highlights the value of multiple knowledge systems and exploratory modeling methods in understanding environmental change and contaminant cycling. Future work building on this research could inform climate change adaptation efforts and inform management decisions in the region.
{"title":"Exploring Drivers of Historic Mercury Trends in Beluga Whales Using an Ecosystem Modeling Approach","authors":"Emma J. Gillies*, Mi-Ling Li, Villy Christensen, Carie Hoover, Kristen J. Sora, Lisa L. Loseto, William W. L. Cheung, Hélène Angot and Amanda Giang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.3c0007210.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072","url":null,"abstract":"<p >While mercury occurs naturally in the environment, human activity has significantly disturbed its biogeochemical cycle. Inorganic mercury entering aquatic systems can be transformed into methylmercury, a strong neurotoxicant that builds up in organisms and affects ecosystem and public health. In the Arctic, top predators such as beluga whales, an ecologically and culturally significant species for many Inuit communities, can contain high concentrations of methylmercury. Historical mercury concentrations in beluga in the western Canadian Arctic’s Beaufort Sea cannot be explained by mercury emission trends alone; in addition, they could potentially be driven by climate change impacts, such as rising temperatures and sea ice melt. These changes can affect mercury bioaccumulation through different pathways, including ecological and mercury transport processes. In this study, we explore key drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea beluga population using Ecopath with Ecosim, an ecosystem modeling approach, and scenarios of environmental change informed by Western Science and Inuvialuit Knowledge. Comparing the effect of historical sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and freshwater discharge time series, modeling suggests that the timing of historical increases and decreases in beluga methylmercury concentrations can be better explained by the resulting changes to ecosystem productivity rather than by those to mercury inputs and that all three environmental drivers could partially explain the decrease in mercury concentrations in beluga after the mid-1990s. This work highlights the value of multiple knowledge systems and exploratory modeling methods in understanding environmental change and contaminant cycling. Future work building on this research could inform climate change adaptation efforts and inform management decisions in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"4 5","pages":"219–235 219–235"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142237940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072
Emma J. Gillies, Mi-Ling Li, Villy Christensen, Carie Hoover, Kristen J. Sora, Lisa L. Loseto, William W. L. Cheung, Hélène Angot, Amanda Giang
While mercury occurs naturally in the environment, human activity has significantly disturbed its biogeochemical cycle. Inorganic mercury entering aquatic systems can be transformed into methylmercury, a strong neurotoxicant that builds up in organisms and affects ecosystem and public health. In the Arctic, top predators such as beluga whales, an ecologically and culturally significant species for many Inuit communities, can contain high concentrations of methylmercury. Historical mercury concentrations in beluga in the western Canadian Arctic’s Beaufort Sea cannot be explained by mercury emission trends alone; in addition, they could potentially be driven by climate change impacts, such as rising temperatures and sea ice melt. These changes can affect mercury bioaccumulation through different pathways, including ecological and mercury transport processes. In this study, we explore key drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea beluga population using Ecopath with Ecosim, an ecosystem modeling approach, and scenarios of environmental change informed by Western Science and Inuvialuit Knowledge. Comparing the effect of historical sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and freshwater discharge time series, modeling suggests that the timing of historical increases and decreases in beluga methylmercury concentrations can be better explained by the resulting changes to ecosystem productivity rather than by those to mercury inputs and that all three environmental drivers could partially explain the decrease in mercury concentrations in beluga after the mid-1990s. This work highlights the value of multiple knowledge systems and exploratory modeling methods in understanding environmental change and contaminant cycling. Future work building on this research could inform climate change adaptation efforts and inform management decisions in the region.
{"title":"Exploring Drivers of Historic Mercury Trends in Beluga Whales Using an Ecosystem Modeling Approach","authors":"Emma J. Gillies, Mi-Ling Li, Villy Christensen, Carie Hoover, Kristen J. Sora, Lisa L. Loseto, William W. L. Cheung, Hélène Angot, Amanda Giang","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072","url":null,"abstract":"While mercury occurs naturally in the environment, human activity has significantly disturbed its biogeochemical cycle. Inorganic mercury entering aquatic systems can be transformed into methylmercury, a strong neurotoxicant that builds up in organisms and affects ecosystem and public health. In the Arctic, top predators such as beluga whales, an ecologically and culturally significant species for many Inuit communities, can contain high concentrations of methylmercury. Historical mercury concentrations in beluga in the western Canadian Arctic’s Beaufort Sea cannot be explained by mercury emission trends alone; in addition, they could potentially be driven by climate change impacts, such as rising temperatures and sea ice melt. These changes can affect mercury bioaccumulation through different pathways, including ecological and mercury transport processes. In this study, we explore key drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea beluga population using Ecopath with Ecosim, an ecosystem modeling approach, and scenarios of environmental change informed by Western Science and Inuvialuit Knowledge. Comparing the effect of historical sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and freshwater discharge time series, modeling suggests that the timing of historical increases and decreases in beluga methylmercury concentrations can be better explained by the resulting changes to ecosystem productivity rather than by those to mercury inputs and that all three environmental drivers could partially explain the decrease in mercury concentrations in beluga after the mid-1990s. This work highlights the value of multiple knowledge systems and exploratory modeling methods in understanding environmental change and contaminant cycling. Future work building on this research could inform climate change adaptation efforts and inform management decisions in the region.","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00016
Charlotte E. Bopp, Nora M. Bernet, Fabian Meyer, Riyaz Khan, Serina L. Robinson, Hans-Peter E. Kohler, Rebecca Buller and Thomas B. Hofstetter*,
Oxygenation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by Rieske oxygenases is the initial step of various biodegradation pathways for environmental organic contaminants. Microorganisms carrying Rieske oxygenases are able to quickly adapt their substrate spectra to alternative carbon and energy sources that are structurally related to the original target substrate, yet the molecular events responsible for this rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by unproductive activation of O2, the so-called O2 uncoupling, in the presence of the alternative substrate exert a selective pressure on the bacterium for increasing the oxygenation efficiency of Rieske oxygenases. To that end, we studied wild-type 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase from Acidovorax sp. strain JS42 and five enzyme variants that have evolved from adaptive laboratory evolution experiments with 3- and 4-nitrotoluene as alternative growth substrates. The enzyme variants showed a substantially increased oxygenation efficiency toward the new target substrates concomitant with a reduction of ROS production, while mechanisms and kinetics of enzymatic O2 activation remained unchanged. Structural analyses and docking studies suggest that amino acid substitutions in enzyme variants occurred at residues lining both substrate and O2 transport tunnels, enabling tighter binding of the target substrates in the active site. Increased oxygenation efficiencies measured in vitro for the various enzyme (variant)-substrate combinations correlated linearly with in vivo changes in growth rates for evolved Acidovorax strains expressing the variants. Our data suggest that the selective pressure from oxidative stress toward more efficient oxygenation by Rieske oxygenases was most notable when O2 uncoupling exceeded 60%.
{"title":"Elucidating the Role of O2 Uncoupling for the Adaptation of Bacterial Biodegradation Reactions Catalyzed by Rieske Oxygenases","authors":"Charlotte E. Bopp, Nora M. Bernet, Fabian Meyer, Riyaz Khan, Serina L. Robinson, Hans-Peter E. Kohler, Rebecca Buller and Thomas B. Hofstetter*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00016","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00016","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oxygenation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by Rieske oxygenases is the initial step of various biodegradation pathways for environmental organic contaminants. Microorganisms carrying Rieske oxygenases are able to quickly adapt their substrate spectra to alternative carbon and energy sources that are structurally related to the original target substrate, yet the molecular events responsible for this rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by unproductive activation of O<sub>2</sub>, the so-called O<sub>2</sub> uncoupling, in the presence of the alternative substrate exert a selective pressure on the bacterium for increasing the oxygenation efficiency of Rieske oxygenases. To that end, we studied wild-type 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase from <i>Acidovorax</i> sp. strain JS42 and five enzyme variants that have evolved from adaptive laboratory evolution experiments with 3- and 4-nitrotoluene as alternative growth substrates. The enzyme variants showed a substantially increased oxygenation efficiency toward the new target substrates concomitant with a reduction of ROS production, while mechanisms and kinetics of enzymatic O<sub>2</sub> activation remained unchanged. Structural analyses and docking studies suggest that amino acid substitutions in enzyme variants occurred at residues lining both substrate and O<sub>2</sub> transport tunnels, enabling tighter binding of the target substrates in the active site. Increased oxygenation efficiencies measured in vitro for the various enzyme (variant)-substrate combinations correlated linearly with in vivo changes in growth rates for evolved <i>Acidovorax</i> strains expressing the variants. Our data suggest that the selective pressure from oxidative stress toward more efficient oxygenation by Rieske oxygenases was most notable when O<sub>2</sub> uncoupling exceeded 60%.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"4 4","pages":"204–218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00079
Philip J. Brahana, Ruchi Patel and Bhuvnesh Bharti*,
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a notorious category of anthropogenic contaminants, detected across various environmental domains. Among these PFAS, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) stand out as a focal point in discussions due to their historical industrial utilization and environmental prominence. Their extensive industrial adoption is a direct consequence of their remarkable stability and outstanding amphiphilic properties. However, these very traits that have made PFAAs industrially desirable also render them environmentally catastrophic, leading to adverse consequences for ecosystems. The amphiphilic nature of PFAAs has made them highly unique in the landscape of anthropogenic contaminants and, thereby, difficult to study. We believe that well-established principles from surface science can connect the amphiphilic nature of PFAAs to their accumulation and transport in the environment. Specifically, we discuss the role of interfacial science in describing the stability, interfacial uptake (air–liquid and solid–liquid), and wetting capability of PFAAs. Surface science principles can provide new insights into the environmental fate of PFAAs, as well as provide context on their deleterious effects on both the environment and human health.
{"title":"Surface Science View of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in the Environment","authors":"Philip J. Brahana, Ruchi Patel and Bhuvnesh Bharti*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00079","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00079","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a notorious category of anthropogenic contaminants, detected across various environmental domains. Among these PFAS, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) stand out as a focal point in discussions due to their historical industrial utilization and environmental prominence. Their extensive industrial adoption is a direct consequence of their remarkable stability and outstanding amphiphilic properties. However, these very traits that have made PFAAs industrially desirable also render them environmentally catastrophic, leading to adverse consequences for ecosystems. The amphiphilic nature of PFAAs has made them highly unique in the landscape of anthropogenic contaminants and, thereby, difficult to study. We believe that well-established principles from surface science can connect the amphiphilic nature of PFAAs to their accumulation and transport in the environment. Specifically, we discuss the role of interfacial science in describing the stability, interfacial uptake (air–liquid and solid–liquid), and wetting capability of PFAAs. Surface science principles can provide new insights into the environmental fate of PFAAs, as well as provide context on their deleterious effects on both the environment and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"4 4","pages":"173–185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00008
Jake Carrier, Cheng-Yu Lai* and Daniela Radu,
The urgent need to address the current climate crisis has led to concerted efforts to develop low-cost and sustainable methods to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and negative emissions technologies (NET’s) offer the most promising paths forward to offsetting global emissions. In this study, we explore the potential of kraft lignin, a readily available biomaterial, as a low-cost alternative for the development of a CO2 sorbent. The approach leverages the known ability of amines to reacting with carbon dioxide and forming a stable compound. Commercially available kraft lignin was modified with diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) using a one-pot synthesis approach via the Mannich reaction. The sorbent was evaluated for porosity, accessible amine density, and nitrogen content. The CO2 capture experiments revealed that the resulting sorbent can capture 0.80 (±0.03) mmol of CO2 per gram of sorbent.
{"title":"Lignin-Based Platform as a Potential Low-Cost Sorbent for the Direct Air Capture of CO2","authors":"Jake Carrier, Cheng-Yu Lai* and Daniela Radu, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00008","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The urgent need to address the current climate crisis has led to concerted efforts to develop low-cost and sustainable methods to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and negative emissions technologies (NET’s) offer the most promising paths forward to offsetting global emissions. In this study, we explore the potential of kraft lignin, a readily available biomaterial, as a low-cost alternative for the development of a CO<sub>2</sub> sorbent. The approach leverages the known ability of amines to reacting with carbon dioxide and forming a stable compound. Commercially available kraft lignin was modified with diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) using a one-pot synthesis approach via the Mannich reaction. The sorbent was evaluated for porosity, accessible amine density, and nitrogen content. The CO<sub>2</sub> capture experiments revealed that the resulting sorbent can capture 0.80 (±0.03) mmol of CO<sub>2</sub> per gram of sorbent.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"4 4","pages":"196–203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}