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Exploring Drivers of Historic Mercury Trends in Beluga Whales Using an Ecosystem Modeling Approach 利用生态系统建模方法探索白鲸汞历史趋势的驱动因素
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072
Emma J. Gillies, Mi-Ling Li, Villy Christensen, Carie Hoover, Kristen J. Sora, Lisa L. Loseto, William W. L. Cheung, Hélène Angot, Amanda Giang
While mercury occurs naturally in the environment, human activity has significantly disturbed its biogeochemical cycle. Inorganic mercury entering aquatic systems can be transformed into methylmercury, a strong neurotoxicant that builds up in organisms and affects ecosystem and public health. In the Arctic, top predators such as beluga whales, an ecologically and culturally significant species for many Inuit communities, can contain high concentrations of methylmercury. Historical mercury concentrations in beluga in the western Canadian Arctic’s Beaufort Sea cannot be explained by mercury emission trends alone; in addition, they could potentially be driven by climate change impacts, such as rising temperatures and sea ice melt. These changes can affect mercury bioaccumulation through different pathways, including ecological and mercury transport processes. In this study, we explore key drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea beluga population using Ecopath with Ecosim, an ecosystem modeling approach, and scenarios of environmental change informed by Western Science and Inuvialuit Knowledge. Comparing the effect of historical sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and freshwater discharge time series, modeling suggests that the timing of historical increases and decreases in beluga methylmercury concentrations can be better explained by the resulting changes to ecosystem productivity rather than by those to mercury inputs and that all three environmental drivers could partially explain the decrease in mercury concentrations in beluga after the mid-1990s. This work highlights the value of multiple knowledge systems and exploratory modeling methods in understanding environmental change and contaminant cycling. Future work building on this research could inform climate change adaptation efforts and inform management decisions in the region.
虽然汞天然存在于环境中,但人类活动极大地干扰了汞的生物地球化学循环。进入水生系统的无机汞可转化为甲基汞,这是一种强烈的神经毒剂,会在生物体内积聚,影响生态系统和公众健康。在北极地区,白鲸等顶级食肉动物可能含有高浓度的甲基汞,而白鲸对许多因纽特社区来说是一种具有重要生态和文化意义的物种。加拿大西部北极波弗特海白鲸体内的历史汞浓度不能仅用汞排放趋势来解释;此外,它们还可能受到气候变化的影响,如气温上升和海冰融化。这些变化会通过不同途径影响汞的生物累积,包括生态和汞迁移过程。在这项研究中,我们利用生态系统建模方法 Ecosim 中的 Ecopath 以及西方科学和因纽维阿鲁特知识(Inuvialuit Knowledge)提供的环境变化情景,探讨了波弗特海白鲸种群汞生物累积的关键驱动因素。通过比较历史上海冰覆盖率、海面温度和淡水排放时间序列的影响,建模表明,历史上白鲸甲基汞浓度增加和减少的时间可以更好地用生态系统生产力的变化而不是汞输入的变化来解释,而且所有三个环境驱动因素都可以部分解释 20 世纪 90 年代中期以后白鲸体内汞浓度的下降。这项工作凸显了多种知识体系和探索性建模方法在理解环境变化和污染物循环方面的价值。在此研究基础上开展的未来工作可为该地区适应气候变化的努力和管理决策提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Elucidating the Role of O2 Uncoupling for the Adaptation of Bacterial Biodegradation Reactions Catalyzed by Rieske Oxygenases 阐明氧气解偶联在适应由里斯克氧合酶催化的细菌生物降解反应中的作用
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00016
Charlotte E. Bopp, Nora M. Bernet, Fabian Meyer, Riyaz Khan, Serina L. Robinson, Hans-Peter E. Kohler, Rebecca Buller and Thomas B. Hofstetter*, 

Oxygenation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by Rieske oxygenases is the initial step of various biodegradation pathways for environmental organic contaminants. Microorganisms carrying Rieske oxygenases are able to quickly adapt their substrate spectra to alternative carbon and energy sources that are structurally related to the original target substrate, yet the molecular events responsible for this rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by unproductive activation of O2, the so-called O2 uncoupling, in the presence of the alternative substrate exert a selective pressure on the bacterium for increasing the oxygenation efficiency of Rieske oxygenases. To that end, we studied wild-type 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase from Acidovorax sp. strain JS42 and five enzyme variants that have evolved from adaptive laboratory evolution experiments with 3- and 4-nitrotoluene as alternative growth substrates. The enzyme variants showed a substantially increased oxygenation efficiency toward the new target substrates concomitant with a reduction of ROS production, while mechanisms and kinetics of enzymatic O2 activation remained unchanged. Structural analyses and docking studies suggest that amino acid substitutions in enzyme variants occurred at residues lining both substrate and O2 transport tunnels, enabling tighter binding of the target substrates in the active site. Increased oxygenation efficiencies measured in vitro for the various enzyme (variant)-substrate combinations correlated linearly with in vivo changes in growth rates for evolved Acidovorax strains expressing the variants. Our data suggest that the selective pressure from oxidative stress toward more efficient oxygenation by Rieske oxygenases was most notable when O2 uncoupling exceeded 60%.

雷斯克加氧酶对芳香族和脂肪族碳氢化合物的加氧作用是环境有机污染物各种生物降解途径的第一步。携带里斯克加氧酶的微生物能够快速调整其底物光谱,以适应与原始目标底物结构相关的替代碳源和能源,但导致这种快速适应的分子事件尚不十分清楚。在这里,我们评估了这样一个假设:在替代底物存在的情况下,O2 非生产性活化(即所谓的 O2 解偶联)产生的活性氧(ROS)对细菌施加了选择性压力,以提高里斯克加氧酶的加氧效率。为此,我们研究了Acidovorax sp.菌株JS42的野生型2-硝基甲苯二氧合酶,以及以3-和4-硝基甲苯为替代生长底物的适应性实验室进化实验中演化出的五种酶变体。这些酶变体对新目标底物的氧合效率大大提高,同时减少了 ROS 的产生,而酶活化 O2 的机制和动力学保持不变。结构分析和对接研究表明,酶变体中的氨基酸取代发生在底物和氧气运输通道的残基上,从而使活性位点中的目标底物结合得更紧密。各种酶(变体)-底物组合在体外测得的氧合效率的提高与表达变体的进化Acidovorax菌株在体内生长率的变化呈线性相关。我们的数据表明,当氧气解偶联率超过 60% 时,氧化压力对里斯克加氧酶更高效加氧的选择性压力最为显著。
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引用次数: 0
Surface Science View of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in the Environment 从表面科学角度看环境中的全氟烷基酸 (PFAAs)
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00079
Philip J. Brahana, Ruchi Patel and Bhuvnesh Bharti*, 

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a notorious category of anthropogenic contaminants, detected across various environmental domains. Among these PFAS, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) stand out as a focal point in discussions due to their historical industrial utilization and environmental prominence. Their extensive industrial adoption is a direct consequence of their remarkable stability and outstanding amphiphilic properties. However, these very traits that have made PFAAs industrially desirable also render them environmentally catastrophic, leading to adverse consequences for ecosystems. The amphiphilic nature of PFAAs has made them highly unique in the landscape of anthropogenic contaminants and, thereby, difficult to study. We believe that well-established principles from surface science can connect the amphiphilic nature of PFAAs to their accumulation and transport in the environment. Specifically, we discuss the role of interfacial science in describing the stability, interfacial uptake (air–liquid and solid–liquid), and wetting capability of PFAAs. Surface science principles can provide new insights into the environmental fate of PFAAs, as well as provide context on their deleterious effects on both the environment and human health.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一类臭名昭著的人为污染物,在各种环境领域都有发现。在这些 PFAS 中,全氟烷基酸(PFAAs)因其历史上的工业用途和突出的环境问题而成为讨论的焦点。全氟烷基酸之所以被工业界广泛采用,直接原因是它们具有显著的稳定性和出色的两亲性。然而,正是这些特性使全氟辛烷磺酸成为工业上的理想物质,同时也使其成为环境灾难性物质,对生态系统造成不利影响。全氟辛烷磺酸的两亲性质使其在人为污染物中显得非常独特,因此很难对其进行研究。我们认为,表面科学的既定原理可以将全氟辛烷磺酸的两亲性与其在环境中的积累和迁移联系起来。具体来说,我们讨论了界面科学在描述全氟辛烷磺酸的稳定性、界面吸收(空气-液体和固体-液体)和润湿能力方面的作用。表面科学原理可以为了解全氟辛烷磺酸的环境归宿提供新的视角,并为了解其对环境和人类健康的有害影响提供背景资料。
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引用次数: 0
Lignin-Based Platform as a Potential Low-Cost Sorbent for the Direct Air Capture of CO2 木质素平台作为直接空气捕获二氧化碳的潜在低成本吸附剂
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00008
Jake Carrier, Cheng-Yu Lai* and Daniela Radu, 

The urgent need to address the current climate crisis has led to concerted efforts to develop low-cost and sustainable methods to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and negative emissions technologies (NET’s) offer the most promising paths forward to offsetting global emissions. In this study, we explore the potential of kraft lignin, a readily available biomaterial, as a low-cost alternative for the development of a CO2 sorbent. The approach leverages the known ability of amines to reacting with carbon dioxide and forming a stable compound. Commercially available kraft lignin was modified with diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) using a one-pot synthesis approach via the Mannich reaction. The sorbent was evaluated for porosity, accessible amine density, and nitrogen content. The CO2 capture experiments revealed that the resulting sorbent can capture 0.80 (±0.03) mmol of CO2 per gram of sorbent.

解决目前气候危机的迫切需要促使人们共同努力,开发低成本、可持续的方法来清除大气中的二氧化碳。碳捕集与封存(CCS)和负排放技术(NET)为抵消全球排放提供了最有前途的途径。在本研究中,我们探索了牛皮纸木质素(一种现成的生物材料)作为二氧化碳吸附剂开发的低成本替代品的潜力。这种方法利用了胺与二氧化碳反应并形成稳定化合物的已知能力。利用曼尼希反应的单锅合成方法,用二乙烯三胺 (DETA)、三乙烯四胺 (TETA) 和四乙烯五胺 (TEPA) 对市售牛皮纸木质素进行改性。对吸附剂的孔隙率、可触及胺密度和氮含量进行了评估。二氧化碳捕获实验表明,所制得的吸附剂每克可捕获 0.80 (±0.03) 毫摩尔的二氧化碳。
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引用次数: 0
Materials Science in the Quest for Sustainability 追求可持续发展的材料科学
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00014
Ling Jin,  and , Xiangdong Li*, 
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引用次数: 0
Mobility of Rare Earth Elements in Coastal Aquifer Materials under Fresh and Brackish Water Conditions 淡水和咸水条件下沿海含水层材料中稀土元素的流动性
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00001
Nitai Amiel, Ishai Dror* and Brian Berkowitz, 

The indispensable role of rare earth elements (REEs) in manufacturing high-tech products and developing various technologies has resulted in a surge in REE extraction and processing. The latter, in turn, intensifies the release of anthropogenic REEs into the environment, particularly in the groundwater system. REE contamination in coastal aquifer systems, which serve as drinking and domestic water sources for large populations, demands a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that govern REE transport and retention in these environments. In this study, we conducted batch and column experiments using five representative coastal aquifer materials and an acid-wash sand sample as a benchmark. These experiments were conducted by adding humic acid (HA) to the REE solution under fresh and brackish water conditions using NaCl, representing different groundwater compositions in coastal aquifers. The REEs were shown to be most mobile in the acid-wash sand and natural sand samples, followed by two types of low-carbonate calcareous sandstone and one type of high-calcareous sandstone and the least mobile in red loamy sand. The mobility of REEs, found in solution primarily as REE–HA complexes, was controlled mainly by the retention of HA, which increases with increasing ionic strength and surface area of the aquifer material. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of carbonate and clay minerals reduces the REE mobility due to enhanced surface interactions. The higher recoveries of middle-REE (MREE) in the column experiment effluents observed for the acid-wash sand and natural sand samples were due to the higher stabilization of MREE–HA complexes compared to light-REE (LREE) and heavy-REE (HREE) HA complexes. Higher HREE recoveries were observed for the calcareous sandstones due to the preferred complexation of HREE with carbonate ions and for the red loamy sand due to the preferred retention of LREE and MREE by clay, iron, and manganese minerals.

稀土元素(REE)在制造高科技产品和开发各种技术方面发挥着不可或缺的作用,这导致稀土元素的提取和加工急剧增加。后者反过来又加剧了人为的稀土元素向环境的释放,特别是在地下水系统中。沿海含水层系统是大量人口的饮用水和生活用水来源,因此需要彻底了解 REE 在这些环境中的迁移和滞留机制。在这项研究中,我们使用五种具有代表性的沿海含水层材料和一种酸洗砂样本作为基准,进行了批量和柱状实验。这些实验是在淡水和咸水条件下用氯化钠向 REE 溶液中添加腐植酸(HA)进行的,代表了沿海含水层中不同的地下水成分。结果表明,酸洗砂和天然砂样品中的 REEs 移动性最强,其次是两种低碳酸盐钙质砂岩和一种高钙质砂岩,而红壤砂中的 REEs 移动性最小。溶液中的 REEs 主要以 REE-HA 复合物的形式存在,其流动性主要受 HA 的滞留性控制,而 HA 的滞留性随着含水层材料离子强度和表面积的增加而增加。此外,研究还发现,碳酸盐和粘土矿物的存在会增强表面相互作用,从而降低 REE 的流动性。在酸洗砂和天然砂样品中观察到,柱实验流出物中的中-REE(MREE)回收率较高,这是因为与轻-REE(LREE)和重-REE(HREE)HA 复合物相比,MREE-HA 复合物的稳定性更高。钙质砂岩的 HREE 回收率较高,这是因为 HREE 优先与碳酸根离子络合,而红壤砂的 HREE 回收率较高,这是因为粘土、铁和锰矿物优先保留 LREE 和 MREE。
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引用次数: 0
ACS Environmental Au Recognizes 2023 Rising Stars in Environmental Research ACS Environmental Au 表彰 2023 年度环境研究新星
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00010
Ian T. Cousins, Keri C. Hornbuckle and Xiang-Dong Li*, 
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引用次数: 0
Toward Characterizing Environmental Sources of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) at the Species Level: A Tutorial Review of NTM Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Classification 在物种水平上确定非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的环境来源:非结核分枝杆菌系统发育和系统发育分类教程回顾
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00074
Lin Zhang, Tzu-Yu Lin, Wen-Tso Liu and Fangqiong Ling*, 

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are any mycobacteria that do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy. While the majority of NTM are harmless and some of them are considered probiotic, a growing number of people are being diagnosed with NTM infections. Therefore, their detection in the environment is of interest to clinicians, environmental microbiologists, and water quality researchers alike. This review provides a tutorial on the foundational approaches for taxonomic classifications, with a focus on the phylogenetic relationships among NTM revealed by the 16S rRNA gene, rpoB gene, and hsp65 gene, and by genome-based approaches. Recent updates on the Mycobacterium genus taxonomy are also provided. A synthesis on the habitats of 189 mycobacterial species in a genome-based taxonomy framework was performed, with attention paid to environmental sources (e.g., drinking water, aquatic environments, and soil). The 16S rRNA gene-based classification accuracy for various regions was evaluated (V3, V3–V4, V3–V5, V4, V4–V5, and V1–V9), revealing overall excellent genus-level classification (up to 100% accuracy) yet only modest performance (up to 63.5% accuracy) at the species level. Future research quantifying NTM species in water systems, determining the effects of water treatment and plumbing conditions on their variations, developing high throughput species-level characterization tools for use in the environment, and incorporating the characterization of functions in a phylogenetic framework will likely fill critical knowledge gaps. We believe this tutorial will be useful for researchers new to the field of molecular or genome-based taxonomic profiling of environmental microbiomes. Experts may also find this review useful in terms of the selected key findings of the past 30 years, recent updates on phylogenomic analyses, as well as a synthesis of the ecology of NTM in a phylogenetic framework.

非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)是指不引起结核病或麻风病的任何分枝杆菌。虽然大多数非结核分枝杆菌是无害的,其中一些还被认为是益生菌,但越来越多的人被诊断出感染了非结核分枝杆菌。因此,临床医生、环境微生物学家和水质研究人员都对在环境中检测到它们很感兴趣。本综述介绍了分类的基本方法,重点是通过 16S rRNA 基因、rpoB 基因和 hsp65 基因以及基于基因组的方法揭示的非结核分枝杆菌之间的系统发育关系。此外还提供了分枝杆菌属分类的最新进展。在基于基因组的分类框架下,对 189 种分枝杆菌的栖息地进行了综合分析,并关注了环境来源(如饮用水、水生环境和土壤)。对不同区域(V3、V3-V4、V3-V5、V4、V4-V5 和 V1-V9)基于 16S rRNA 基因的分类准确性进行了评估,结果表明属级分类总体上非常出色(准确率高达 100%),但在种级分类上表现一般(准确率高达 63.5%)。未来的研究将量化水系统中的非结核菌物种,确定水处理和管道条件对其变化的影响,开发用于环境中的高通量物种级表征工具,并将功能表征纳入系统发生学框架,这些研究可能会填补重要的知识空白。我们相信,本教程将对初涉基于分子或基因组的环境微生物组分类剖析领域的研究人员有所帮助。专家们也可能会发现这篇综述对以下方面很有帮助:过去 30 年中精选的主要发现、系统发生组分析的最新进展以及在系统发生学框架中对非结核微生物生态学的综述。
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引用次数: 0
Revealing the Sources of Cadmium in Rice Plants under Pot and Field Conditions from Its Isotopic Fractionation 从同位素分馏揭示盆栽和田间条件下水稻植株中镉的来源
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00067
Qiang Dong, Cailing Xiao, Wenhan Cheng, Huimin Yu, Juan Liu, Guangliang Liu, Yanwei Liu, Yingying Guo, Yong Liang*, Jianbo Shi, Yongguang Yin*, Yong Cai and Guibin Jiang, 

The highly excessive uptake of cadmium (Cd) by rice plants is well known, but the transfer pathway and mechanism of Cd in the paddy system remain poorly understood. Herein, pot experiments and field investigation were systematically carried out for the first time to assess the phytoavailability of Cd and fingerprint its transfer pathway in the paddy system under different treatments (slaked lime and biochar amendments), with the aid of a pioneering Cd isotopic technique. Results unveiled that no obvious differences were displayed in the δ114/110Cd of Ca(NO3)2-extractable and acid-soluble fractions among different treatments in pot experiments, while the δ114/110Cd of the water-soluble fraction varied considerably from −0.88 to −0.27%, similar to those observed in whole rice plant [Δ114/110Cdplant–water ≈ 0 (−0.06 to −0.03%)]. It indicates that the water-soluble fraction is likely the main source of phytoavailable Cd, which further contributes to its bioaccumulation in paddy systems. However, Δ114/110Cdplant–water found in field conditions (−0.39 ± 0.05%) was quite different from those observed in pot experiments, mostly owing to additional contribution derived from atmospheric deposition. All these findings demonstrate that the precise Cd isotopic compositions can provide robust and reliable evidence to reveal different transfer pathways of Cd and its phytoavailability in paddy systems.

众所周知,水稻植株对镉(Cd)的吸收率极高,但人们对镉在水稻系统中的转移途径和机制仍然知之甚少。本文首次系统地开展了盆栽实验和田间调查,借助开创性的镉同位素技术,评估了不同处理(熟石灰和生物炭添加剂)下水稻对镉的植物利用率及其转移途径。结果表明,在盆栽试验中,不同处理的 Ca(NO3)2 可提取部分和酸溶部分的δ114/110Cd 没有明显差异,而水溶性部分的δ114/110Cd 在-0.88% 到 -0.27%之间变化很大,与在水稻全株中观察到的结果相似[Δ114/110Cd-植物-水 ≈ 0 (-0.06% 到 -0.03%)]。这表明水溶性部分可能是植物可利用镉的主要来源,这进一步促进了镉在水稻系统中的生物累积。然而,在田间条件下发现的Δ114/110Cd 植株-水(-0.39 ± 0.05%)与盆栽实验中观察到的结果有很大差异,这主要是由于大气沉降造成的额外贡献。所有这些发现都表明,精确的镉同位素组成可以为揭示水稻系统中不同的镉转移途径及其植物可利用性提供有力而可靠的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Toward Digitalization of Fishing Vessels to Achieve Higher Environmental and Economic Sustainability 实现渔船数字化,提高环境和经济可持续性
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00013
Zigor Uriondo*, Jose A. Fernandes-Salvador, Karl-Johan Reite, Iñaki Quincoces and Kayvan Pazouki, 

Fishing vessels need to adapt to and mitigate climate changes, but solution development requires better information about the environment and vessel operations. Even if ships generate large amounts of potentially useful data, there is a large variety of sources and formats. This lack of standardization makes identification and use of key data challenging and hinders its use in improving operational performance and vessel design. The work described in this paper aims to provide cost-effective tools for systematic data acquisition for fishing vessels, supporting digitalization of the fishing vessel operation and performance monitoring. This digitalization is needed to facilitate the reduction of emissions as a critical environmental problem and industry costs critical for industry sustainability. The resulting monitoring system interfaces onboard systems and sensors, processes the data, and makes it available in a shared onboard data space. From this data space, 209 signals are recorded at different frequencies and uploaded to onshore servers for postprocessing. The collected data describe both ship operation, onboard energy system, and the surrounding environment. Nine of the oceanographic variables have been preselected to be potentially useful for public scientific repositories, such as Copernicus and EMODnet. The data are also used for fuel prediction models, species distribution models, and route optimization models.

渔船需要适应和减缓气候变化,但解决方案的制定需要更好的环境和渔船作业信息。即使船舶产生了大量潜在的有用数据,但数据来源和格式却多种多样。这种缺乏标准化的情况使得关键数据的识别和使用具有挑战性,并阻碍了其在改善操作性能和船舶设计方面的应用。本文介绍的工作旨在为渔船系统化数据采集提供具有成本效益的工具,支持渔船操作和性能监测的数字化。这种数字化是促进减少排放这一关键环境问题和行业可持续发展的关键成本所必需的。由此产生的监测系统可连接船上系统和传感器,处理数据,并在船上共享数据空间提供数据。该数据空间记录了 209 个不同频率的信号,并上传到岸上服务器进行后处理。收集到的数据描述了船舶运行、船上能源系统和周围环境。其中九个海洋变量已被预先选定,可能对哥白尼和 EMODnet 等公共科学资料库有用。这些数据还可用于燃料预测模型、物种分布模型和航线优化模型。
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引用次数: 0
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