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Simultaneous Oxidation of Trace Organics and Sorption of Trace Metals by Ferrate (Fe(VI))-Coated Sand in Synthetic Wastewater Effluent 合成洗涤剂废水中铁酸铜(Fe(VI))包覆砂对痕量有机物的同时氧化作用和对痕量金属的吸附作用
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0002410.1021/acsenvironau.4c00024
Fanny E. K. Okaikue-Woodi, Reyna Morales Lumagui and Jessica R. Ray*, 

The increased presence of toxic chemicals in aquatic matrices and their associated health effects raise the need for more effective treatment technologies. The application of Fe(VI), an advanced oxidation treatment agent with disinfecting and coagulating capabilities, is limited by Fe(VI) aqueous instability. Our previous study proposed an Fe(VI)-coated sand media to overcome this constraint and demonstrated that Fe(VI)-coated sand was an effective medium for the treatment of phenolic compounds. In this study, we assessed the potential of the media for treatment of acetaminophen (ACM), benzotriazole (BZT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)─common contaminants found in wastewater effluents─in ultrapure and synthetic wastewater effluent. Fe(VI)-coated sand reactivity was influenced by the solution pH and aqueous chemistry. For example, the removal of Pb improved by 39% in the presence of trace organics, indicating that trace metal removal was enhanced by Fe(III) phases formed during Fe(VI) reactions with trace organics. While oxidation of trace organic compounds increased as pH decreased, trace metal sorption was more favorable at higher pH (i.e., pH 8 and 9). The oxidation efficiency of trace organics by the media was the highest for ACM and SMX while BZT degradation was limited due to formation of Cu–BZT complexes. Batch tests in synthetic wastewater effluent revealed that the presence of divalent cations (i.e., Ca2+ and Mg2+) can catalyze Fe(VI) self-decay and promote Fe(III) production and subsequent trace metal removal; however, oxidation of trace organics was hindered in this matrix. This study highlights the potential for Fe(VI)-coated sand application for the treatment of complex matrices more representative of natural and engineered aquatic systems.

水生基质中有毒化学物质的增加及其对健康的影响,提出了对更有效处理技术的需求。Fe(VI)是一种具有消毒和混凝功能的高级氧化处理剂,但其应用受到Fe(VI)水不稳定性的限制。我们之前的研究提出了一种铁(六价铬)涂层砂介质来克服这一限制,并证明铁(六价铬)涂层砂是处理酚类化合物的有效介质。在本研究中,我们评估了该介质处理超纯废水和合成废水中对乙酰氨基酚 (ACM)、苯并三唑 (BZT)、磺胺甲噁唑 (SMX)、铜 (Cu)、铅 (Pb) 和锌 (Zn) -- 废水中常见污染物 -- 的潜力。铁(VI)包覆砂的反应活性受溶液 pH 值和水化学的影响。例如,在有痕量有机物存在的情况下,铅的去除率提高了 39%,这表明在铁(VI)与痕量有机物反应过程中形成的铁(III)相提高了痕量金属的去除率。虽然痕量有机化合物的氧化作用随着 pH 值的降低而增强,但在 pH 值较高时(即 pH 值为 8 和 9 时)更有利于痕量金属的吸附。介质对痕量有机物的氧化效率最高的是 ACM 和 SMX,而 BZT 的降解则因 Cu-BZT 复合物的形成而受到限制。在合成废水中进行的批量试验表明,二价阳离子(即 Ca2+ 和 Mg2+)的存在可催化铁(VI)自衰变,促进铁(III)的生成和随后的痕量金属去除;然而,在这种基质中,痕量有机物的氧化受到阻碍。这项研究突出表明,Fe(VI)涂层砂有可能被用于处理更能代表自然和工程水生系统的复杂基质。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Relative Sustainability of Point-of-Use Water Disinfection Technologies for Off-Grid Communities 评估离网社区用水点消毒技术的相对可持续性
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017
Bright C. Elijah, Ali Ahmad, Yalin Li, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle, Lewis S. Rowles
Point-of-use (POU) water disinfection technologies can be adopted to provide access to safe drinking water by treating water at the household level; however, navigating various POU disinfection technologies can be difficult. While numerous conventional POU devices exist, emerging technologies using novel materials or advanced processes have been under development and claim to be of lower cost with higher treatment capacity. However, it is unclear if these claims are substantiated and how novel technologies compare to conventional ones in terms of cost and environmental impacts when providing the same service (i.e., achieving a necessary level of disinfection for safe drinking water). This research assessed the sustainability of four different POU technologies (chlorination using sodium hypochlorite, a silver-nanoparticle-enabled ceramic water filter, ultraviolet mercury lamps, and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes). Leveraging open-source Python packages (QSDsan and EXPOsan), the cost and environmental impacts of these POU technologies were assessed using techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment as per capita cost (USD·cap–1·yr–1) and global warming potential (kg CO2 eq·cap–1·yr–1). Impacts of water quality parameters (e.g., turbidity, hardness) were quantified for both surface water and groundwater, and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were used to identify which assumptions influence outcomes. All technologies were further evaluated across ranges of adoption times, and contextual analysis was performed to evaluate the implications of technology deployment across the world. Results of this study can potentially provide valuable insights for decision-makers, nonprofit organizations, and future researchers in developing sustainable approaches for ensuring access to safe drinking water through POU technologies.
使用点(POU)水消毒技术可通过在家庭层面处理水,为人们提供安全的饮用水;然而,驾驭各种 POU 消毒技术可能很困难。虽然有许多传统的 POU 设备,但使用新型材料或先进工艺的新兴技术也在开发之中,并声称成本更低,处理能力更强。然而,目前还不清楚这些说法是否属实,也不清楚在提供相同服务(即达到安全饮用水所需的消毒水平)时,新型技术与传统技术在成本和环境影响方面的比较。这项研究评估了四种不同的 POU 技术(使用次氯酸钠进行氯化、银纳米粒子陶瓷滤水器、紫外线汞灯和紫外线发光二极管)的可持续性。利用开源 Python 软件包(QSDsan 和 EXPOsan),通过技术经济分析和生命周期评估,以人均成本(美元-cap-1-yr-1)和全球升温潜能值(千克二氧化碳当量-cap-1-yr-1)评估了这些 POU 技术的成本和环境影响。对地表水和地下水的水质参数(如浊度、硬度)的影响进行了量化,并使用不确定性和敏感性分析来确定哪些假设会影响结果。在采用时间范围内对所有技术进行了进一步评估,并进行了背景分析,以评估技术在全球范围内部署的影响。这项研究的结果有可能为决策者、非营利组织和未来的研究人员提供有价值的见解,帮助他们制定可持续的方法,确保通过 POU 技术获得安全饮用水。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Relative Sustainability of Point-of-Use Water Disinfection Technologies for Off-Grid Communities 评估离网社区用水点消毒技术的相对可持续性
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0001710.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017
Bright C. Elijah, Ali Ahmad, Yalin Li, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle and Lewis S. Rowles*, 

Point-of-use (POU) water disinfection technologies can be adopted to provide access to safe drinking water by treating water at the household level; however, navigating various POU disinfection technologies can be difficult. While numerous conventional POU devices exist, emerging technologies using novel materials or advanced processes have been under development and claim to be of lower cost with higher treatment capacity. However, it is unclear if these claims are substantiated and how novel technologies compare to conventional ones in terms of cost and environmental impacts when providing the same service (i.e., achieving a necessary level of disinfection for safe drinking water). This research assessed the sustainability of four different POU technologies (chlorination using sodium hypochlorite, a silver-nanoparticle-enabled ceramic water filter, ultraviolet mercury lamps, and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes). Leveraging open-source Python packages (QSDsan and EXPOsan), the cost and environmental impacts of these POU technologies were assessed using techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment as per capita cost (USD·cap–1·yr–1) and global warming potential (kg CO2 eq·cap–1·yr–1). Impacts of water quality parameters (e.g., turbidity, hardness) were quantified for both surface water and groundwater, and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were used to identify which assumptions influence outcomes. All technologies were further evaluated across ranges of adoption times, and contextual analysis was performed to evaluate the implications of technology deployment across the world. Results of this study can potentially provide valuable insights for decision-makers, nonprofit organizations, and future researchers in developing sustainable approaches for ensuring access to safe drinking water through POU technologies.

使用点(POU)水消毒技术可通过在家庭层面处理水,为人们提供安全的饮用水;然而,驾驭各种 POU 消毒技术可能很困难。虽然有许多传统的 POU 设备,但使用新型材料或先进工艺的新兴技术也在开发之中,并声称成本更低,处理能力更强。然而,目前还不清楚这些说法是否属实,也不清楚在提供相同服务(即达到安全饮用水所需的消毒水平)时,新型技术与传统技术在成本和环境影响方面的比较。这项研究评估了四种不同的 POU 技术(使用次氯酸钠进行氯化、银纳米粒子陶瓷滤水器、紫外线汞灯和紫外线发光二极管)的可持续性。利用开源 Python 软件包(QSDsan 和 EXPOsan),通过技术经济分析和生命周期评估,以人均成本(美元-cap-1-yr-1)和全球升温潜能值(千克二氧化碳当量-cap-1-yr-1)评估了这些 POU 技术的成本和环境影响。对地表水和地下水的水质参数(如浊度、硬度)的影响进行了量化,并使用不确定性和敏感性分析来确定哪些假设会影响结果。在采用时间范围内对所有技术进行了进一步评估,并进行了背景分析,以评估技术在全球范围内部署的影响。这项研究的结果有可能为决策者、非营利组织和未来的研究人员提供有价值的见解,帮助他们制定可持续的方法,确保通过 POU 技术获得安全饮用水。
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引用次数: 0
Safer Solvents for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Purification Using Column Chromatography 使用柱色谱法纯化活性药物成分的更安全溶剂
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015
Christian Ayafor, Toren Burton, Nathaniel George, Gregory Morose, Hsi-Wu Wong
Column chromatography is a technique widely used for the purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). One of the common solvent systems used by this technique is blends of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH), thereby exposing workers to health and safety risks and making the pharmaceutical sector one of the major contributors to chlorinated solvent waste. In this work, API separation and purification using several alternative safer solvent blends in column chromatography were evaluated and compared to DCM/MeOH. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen were used as model APIs, and caffeine was used as a model additive. Overall, some of the safer solvent blends tested provided better performance, with higher API recovery and purity compared to DCM/MeOH, in addition to potential health, safety, and environmental benefits. Specifically, blends of heptane/ethyl acetate and heptane/methyl acetate showed the most promise. Our work demonstrates the potential of these safer solvent blends as possible replacements for DCM/MeOH in API purification, thereby addressing a critical safety concern in the pharmaceutical industry.
柱层析是一种广泛用于纯化活性药物成分 (API) 的技术。这种技术常用的溶剂系统之一是二氯甲烷(DCM)和甲醇(MeOH)的混合物,从而使工人面临健康和安全风险,并使制药行业成为产生含氯溶剂废物的主要行业之一。在这项工作中,对柱层析中使用几种更安全的混合溶剂进行原料药分离和纯化进行了评估,并与 DCM/MeOH 进行了比较。布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚被用作示范原料药,咖啡因被用作示范添加剂。总体而言,与 DCM/MeOH 相比,一些经测试的更安全溶剂混合物性能更好,原料药回收率和纯度更高,此外还具有潜在的健康、安全和环境效益。具体来说,庚烷/醋酸乙酯和庚烷/醋酸甲酯的混合物最有前景。我们的研究表明,这些更安全的混合溶剂有可能在原料药提纯过程中替代 DCM/MeOH,从而解决制药行业的一个关键安全问题。
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引用次数: 0
Safer Solvents for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Purification Using Column Chromatography 使用柱色谱法纯化活性药物成分的更安全溶剂
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c0001510.1021/acsenvironau.4c00015
Christian Ayafor, Toren Burton, Nathaniel George, Gregory Morose and Hsi-Wu Wong*, 

Column chromatography is a technique widely used for the purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). One of the common solvent systems used by this technique is blends of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH), thereby exposing workers to health and safety risks and making the pharmaceutical sector one of the major contributors to chlorinated solvent waste. In this work, API separation and purification using several alternative safer solvent blends in column chromatography were evaluated and compared to DCM/MeOH. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen were used as model APIs, and caffeine was used as a model additive. Overall, some of the safer solvent blends tested provided better performance, with higher API recovery and purity compared to DCM/MeOH, in addition to potential health, safety, and environmental benefits. Specifically, blends of heptane/ethyl acetate and heptane/methyl acetate showed the most promise. Our work demonstrates the potential of these safer solvent blends as possible replacements for DCM/MeOH in API purification, thereby addressing a critical safety concern in the pharmaceutical industry.

柱层析是一种广泛用于纯化活性药物成分 (API) 的技术。这种技术常用的溶剂系统之一是二氯甲烷(DCM)和甲醇(MeOH)的混合物,从而使工人面临健康和安全风险,并使制药行业成为产生含氯溶剂废物的主要行业之一。在这项工作中,对柱层析中使用几种更安全的混合溶剂进行原料药分离和纯化进行了评估,并与 DCM/MeOH 进行了比较。布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚被用作示范原料药,咖啡因被用作示范添加剂。总体而言,与 DCM/MeOH 相比,一些经测试的更安全溶剂混合物性能更好,原料药回收率和纯度更高,此外还具有潜在的健康、安全和环境效益。具体来说,庚烷/醋酸乙酯和庚烷/醋酸甲酯的混合物最有前景。我们的研究表明,这些更安全的混合溶剂有可能在原料药提纯过程中替代 DCM/MeOH,从而解决制药行业的一个关键安全问题。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Drivers of Historic Mercury Trends in Beluga Whales Using an Ecosystem Modeling Approach 利用生态系统建模方法探索白鲸汞历史趋势的驱动因素
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c0007210.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072
Emma J. Gillies*, Mi-Ling Li, Villy Christensen, Carie Hoover, Kristen J. Sora, Lisa L. Loseto, William W. L. Cheung, Hélène Angot and Amanda Giang*, 

While mercury occurs naturally in the environment, human activity has significantly disturbed its biogeochemical cycle. Inorganic mercury entering aquatic systems can be transformed into methylmercury, a strong neurotoxicant that builds up in organisms and affects ecosystem and public health. In the Arctic, top predators such as beluga whales, an ecologically and culturally significant species for many Inuit communities, can contain high concentrations of methylmercury. Historical mercury concentrations in beluga in the western Canadian Arctic’s Beaufort Sea cannot be explained by mercury emission trends alone; in addition, they could potentially be driven by climate change impacts, such as rising temperatures and sea ice melt. These changes can affect mercury bioaccumulation through different pathways, including ecological and mercury transport processes. In this study, we explore key drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea beluga population using Ecopath with Ecosim, an ecosystem modeling approach, and scenarios of environmental change informed by Western Science and Inuvialuit Knowledge. Comparing the effect of historical sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and freshwater discharge time series, modeling suggests that the timing of historical increases and decreases in beluga methylmercury concentrations can be better explained by the resulting changes to ecosystem productivity rather than by those to mercury inputs and that all three environmental drivers could partially explain the decrease in mercury concentrations in beluga after the mid-1990s. This work highlights the value of multiple knowledge systems and exploratory modeling methods in understanding environmental change and contaminant cycling. Future work building on this research could inform climate change adaptation efforts and inform management decisions in the region.

虽然汞天然存在于环境中,但人类活动极大地干扰了汞的生物地球化学循环。进入水生系统的无机汞可转化为甲基汞,这是一种强烈的神经毒剂,会在生物体内积聚,影响生态系统和公众健康。在北极地区,白鲸等顶级食肉动物可能含有高浓度的甲基汞,而白鲸对许多因纽特社区来说是一种具有重要生态和文化意义的物种。加拿大西部北极波弗特海白鲸体内的历史汞浓度不能仅用汞排放趋势来解释;此外,它们还可能受到气候变化的影响,如气温上升和海冰融化。这些变化会通过不同途径影响汞的生物累积,包括生态和汞迁移过程。在这项研究中,我们利用生态系统建模方法 Ecosim 中的 Ecopath 以及西方科学和因纽维阿鲁特知识(Inuvialuit Knowledge)提供的环境变化情景,探讨了波弗特海白鲸种群汞生物累积的关键驱动因素。通过比较历史上海冰覆盖率、海面温度和淡水排放时间序列的影响,建模表明,历史上白鲸甲基汞浓度增加和减少的时间可以更好地用生态系统生产力的变化而不是汞输入的变化来解释,而且所有三个环境驱动因素都可以部分解释 20 世纪 90 年代中期以后白鲸体内汞浓度的下降。这项工作凸显了多种知识体系和探索性建模方法在理解环境变化和污染物循环方面的价值。在此研究基础上开展的未来工作可为该地区适应气候变化的努力和管理决策提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Drivers of Historic Mercury Trends in Beluga Whales Using an Ecosystem Modeling Approach 利用生态系统建模方法探索白鲸汞历史趋势的驱动因素
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00072
Emma J. Gillies, Mi-Ling Li, Villy Christensen, Carie Hoover, Kristen J. Sora, Lisa L. Loseto, William W. L. Cheung, Hélène Angot, Amanda Giang
While mercury occurs naturally in the environment, human activity has significantly disturbed its biogeochemical cycle. Inorganic mercury entering aquatic systems can be transformed into methylmercury, a strong neurotoxicant that builds up in organisms and affects ecosystem and public health. In the Arctic, top predators such as beluga whales, an ecologically and culturally significant species for many Inuit communities, can contain high concentrations of methylmercury. Historical mercury concentrations in beluga in the western Canadian Arctic’s Beaufort Sea cannot be explained by mercury emission trends alone; in addition, they could potentially be driven by climate change impacts, such as rising temperatures and sea ice melt. These changes can affect mercury bioaccumulation through different pathways, including ecological and mercury transport processes. In this study, we explore key drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea beluga population using Ecopath with Ecosim, an ecosystem modeling approach, and scenarios of environmental change informed by Western Science and Inuvialuit Knowledge. Comparing the effect of historical sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and freshwater discharge time series, modeling suggests that the timing of historical increases and decreases in beluga methylmercury concentrations can be better explained by the resulting changes to ecosystem productivity rather than by those to mercury inputs and that all three environmental drivers could partially explain the decrease in mercury concentrations in beluga after the mid-1990s. This work highlights the value of multiple knowledge systems and exploratory modeling methods in understanding environmental change and contaminant cycling. Future work building on this research could inform climate change adaptation efforts and inform management decisions in the region.
虽然汞天然存在于环境中,但人类活动极大地干扰了汞的生物地球化学循环。进入水生系统的无机汞可转化为甲基汞,这是一种强烈的神经毒剂,会在生物体内积聚,影响生态系统和公众健康。在北极地区,白鲸等顶级食肉动物可能含有高浓度的甲基汞,而白鲸对许多因纽特社区来说是一种具有重要生态和文化意义的物种。加拿大西部北极波弗特海白鲸体内的历史汞浓度不能仅用汞排放趋势来解释;此外,它们还可能受到气候变化的影响,如气温上升和海冰融化。这些变化会通过不同途径影响汞的生物累积,包括生态和汞迁移过程。在这项研究中,我们利用生态系统建模方法 Ecosim 中的 Ecopath 以及西方科学和因纽维阿鲁特知识(Inuvialuit Knowledge)提供的环境变化情景,探讨了波弗特海白鲸种群汞生物累积的关键驱动因素。通过比较历史上海冰覆盖率、海面温度和淡水排放时间序列的影响,建模表明,历史上白鲸甲基汞浓度增加和减少的时间可以更好地用生态系统生产力的变化而不是汞输入的变化来解释,而且所有三个环境驱动因素都可以部分解释 20 世纪 90 年代中期以后白鲸体内汞浓度的下降。这项工作凸显了多种知识体系和探索性建模方法在理解环境变化和污染物循环方面的价值。在此研究基础上开展的未来工作可为该地区适应气候变化的努力和管理决策提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Elucidating the Role of O2 Uncoupling for the Adaptation of Bacterial Biodegradation Reactions Catalyzed by Rieske Oxygenases 阐明氧气解偶联在适应由里斯克氧合酶催化的细菌生物降解反应中的作用
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00016
Charlotte E. Bopp, Nora M. Bernet, Fabian Meyer, Riyaz Khan, Serina L. Robinson, Hans-Peter E. Kohler, Rebecca Buller and Thomas B. Hofstetter*, 

Oxygenation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by Rieske oxygenases is the initial step of various biodegradation pathways for environmental organic contaminants. Microorganisms carrying Rieske oxygenases are able to quickly adapt their substrate spectra to alternative carbon and energy sources that are structurally related to the original target substrate, yet the molecular events responsible for this rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by unproductive activation of O2, the so-called O2 uncoupling, in the presence of the alternative substrate exert a selective pressure on the bacterium for increasing the oxygenation efficiency of Rieske oxygenases. To that end, we studied wild-type 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase from Acidovorax sp. strain JS42 and five enzyme variants that have evolved from adaptive laboratory evolution experiments with 3- and 4-nitrotoluene as alternative growth substrates. The enzyme variants showed a substantially increased oxygenation efficiency toward the new target substrates concomitant with a reduction of ROS production, while mechanisms and kinetics of enzymatic O2 activation remained unchanged. Structural analyses and docking studies suggest that amino acid substitutions in enzyme variants occurred at residues lining both substrate and O2 transport tunnels, enabling tighter binding of the target substrates in the active site. Increased oxygenation efficiencies measured in vitro for the various enzyme (variant)-substrate combinations correlated linearly with in vivo changes in growth rates for evolved Acidovorax strains expressing the variants. Our data suggest that the selective pressure from oxidative stress toward more efficient oxygenation by Rieske oxygenases was most notable when O2 uncoupling exceeded 60%.

雷斯克加氧酶对芳香族和脂肪族碳氢化合物的加氧作用是环境有机污染物各种生物降解途径的第一步。携带里斯克加氧酶的微生物能够快速调整其底物光谱,以适应与原始目标底物结构相关的替代碳源和能源,但导致这种快速适应的分子事件尚不十分清楚。在这里,我们评估了这样一个假设:在替代底物存在的情况下,O2 非生产性活化(即所谓的 O2 解偶联)产生的活性氧(ROS)对细菌施加了选择性压力,以提高里斯克加氧酶的加氧效率。为此,我们研究了Acidovorax sp.菌株JS42的野生型2-硝基甲苯二氧合酶,以及以3-和4-硝基甲苯为替代生长底物的适应性实验室进化实验中演化出的五种酶变体。这些酶变体对新目标底物的氧合效率大大提高,同时减少了 ROS 的产生,而酶活化 O2 的机制和动力学保持不变。结构分析和对接研究表明,酶变体中的氨基酸取代发生在底物和氧气运输通道的残基上,从而使活性位点中的目标底物结合得更紧密。各种酶(变体)-底物组合在体外测得的氧合效率的提高与表达变体的进化Acidovorax菌株在体内生长率的变化呈线性相关。我们的数据表明,当氧气解偶联率超过 60% 时,氧化压力对里斯克加氧酶更高效加氧的选择性压力最为显著。
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引用次数: 0
Surface Science View of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in the Environment 从表面科学角度看环境中的全氟烷基酸 (PFAAs)
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00079
Philip J. Brahana, Ruchi Patel and Bhuvnesh Bharti*, 

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a notorious category of anthropogenic contaminants, detected across various environmental domains. Among these PFAS, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) stand out as a focal point in discussions due to their historical industrial utilization and environmental prominence. Their extensive industrial adoption is a direct consequence of their remarkable stability and outstanding amphiphilic properties. However, these very traits that have made PFAAs industrially desirable also render them environmentally catastrophic, leading to adverse consequences for ecosystems. The amphiphilic nature of PFAAs has made them highly unique in the landscape of anthropogenic contaminants and, thereby, difficult to study. We believe that well-established principles from surface science can connect the amphiphilic nature of PFAAs to their accumulation and transport in the environment. Specifically, we discuss the role of interfacial science in describing the stability, interfacial uptake (air–liquid and solid–liquid), and wetting capability of PFAAs. Surface science principles can provide new insights into the environmental fate of PFAAs, as well as provide context on their deleterious effects on both the environment and human health.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一类臭名昭著的人为污染物,在各种环境领域都有发现。在这些 PFAS 中,全氟烷基酸(PFAAs)因其历史上的工业用途和突出的环境问题而成为讨论的焦点。全氟烷基酸之所以被工业界广泛采用,直接原因是它们具有显著的稳定性和出色的两亲性。然而,正是这些特性使全氟辛烷磺酸成为工业上的理想物质,同时也使其成为环境灾难性物质,对生态系统造成不利影响。全氟辛烷磺酸的两亲性质使其在人为污染物中显得非常独特,因此很难对其进行研究。我们认为,表面科学的既定原理可以将全氟辛烷磺酸的两亲性与其在环境中的积累和迁移联系起来。具体来说,我们讨论了界面科学在描述全氟辛烷磺酸的稳定性、界面吸收(空气-液体和固体-液体)和润湿能力方面的作用。表面科学原理可以为了解全氟辛烷磺酸的环境归宿提供新的视角,并为了解其对环境和人类健康的有害影响提供背景资料。
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引用次数: 0
Lignin-Based Platform as a Potential Low-Cost Sorbent for the Direct Air Capture of CO2 木质素平台作为直接空气捕获二氧化碳的潜在低成本吸附剂
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00008
Jake Carrier, Cheng-Yu Lai* and Daniela Radu, 

The urgent need to address the current climate crisis has led to concerted efforts to develop low-cost and sustainable methods to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and negative emissions technologies (NET’s) offer the most promising paths forward to offsetting global emissions. In this study, we explore the potential of kraft lignin, a readily available biomaterial, as a low-cost alternative for the development of a CO2 sorbent. The approach leverages the known ability of amines to reacting with carbon dioxide and forming a stable compound. Commercially available kraft lignin was modified with diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) using a one-pot synthesis approach via the Mannich reaction. The sorbent was evaluated for porosity, accessible amine density, and nitrogen content. The CO2 capture experiments revealed that the resulting sorbent can capture 0.80 (±0.03) mmol of CO2 per gram of sorbent.

解决目前气候危机的迫切需要促使人们共同努力,开发低成本、可持续的方法来清除大气中的二氧化碳。碳捕集与封存(CCS)和负排放技术(NET)为抵消全球排放提供了最有前途的途径。在本研究中,我们探索了牛皮纸木质素(一种现成的生物材料)作为二氧化碳吸附剂开发的低成本替代品的潜力。这种方法利用了胺与二氧化碳反应并形成稳定化合物的已知能力。利用曼尼希反应的单锅合成方法,用二乙烯三胺 (DETA)、三乙烯四胺 (TETA) 和四乙烯五胺 (TEPA) 对市售牛皮纸木质素进行改性。对吸附剂的孔隙率、可触及胺密度和氮含量进行了评估。二氧化碳捕获实验表明,所制得的吸附剂每克可捕获 0.80 (±0.03) 毫摩尔的二氧化碳。
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引用次数: 0
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ACS Environmental Au
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