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Materials Science in the Quest for Sustainability 追求可持续发展的材料科学
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00014
Ling Jin,  and , Xiangdong Li*, 
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引用次数: 0
Mobility of Rare Earth Elements in Coastal Aquifer Materials under Fresh and Brackish Water Conditions 淡水和咸水条件下沿海含水层材料中稀土元素的流动性
IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00001
Nitai Amiel, Ishai Dror* and Brian Berkowitz, 

The indispensable role of rare earth elements (REEs) in manufacturing high-tech products and developing various technologies has resulted in a surge in REE extraction and processing. The latter, in turn, intensifies the release of anthropogenic REEs into the environment, particularly in the groundwater system. REE contamination in coastal aquifer systems, which serve as drinking and domestic water sources for large populations, demands a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that govern REE transport and retention in these environments. In this study, we conducted batch and column experiments using five representative coastal aquifer materials and an acid-wash sand sample as a benchmark. These experiments were conducted by adding humic acid (HA) to the REE solution under fresh and brackish water conditions using NaCl, representing different groundwater compositions in coastal aquifers. The REEs were shown to be most mobile in the acid-wash sand and natural sand samples, followed by two types of low-carbonate calcareous sandstone and one type of high-calcareous sandstone and the least mobile in red loamy sand. The mobility of REEs, found in solution primarily as REE–HA complexes, was controlled mainly by the retention of HA, which increases with increasing ionic strength and surface area of the aquifer material. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of carbonate and clay minerals reduces the REE mobility due to enhanced surface interactions. The higher recoveries of middle-REE (MREE) in the column experiment effluents observed for the acid-wash sand and natural sand samples were due to the higher stabilization of MREE–HA complexes compared to light-REE (LREE) and heavy-REE (HREE) HA complexes. Higher HREE recoveries were observed for the calcareous sandstones due to the preferred complexation of HREE with carbonate ions and for the red loamy sand due to the preferred retention of LREE and MREE by clay, iron, and manganese minerals.

稀土元素(REE)在制造高科技产品和开发各种技术方面发挥着不可或缺的作用,这导致稀土元素的提取和加工急剧增加。后者反过来又加剧了人为的稀土元素向环境的释放,特别是在地下水系统中。沿海含水层系统是大量人口的饮用水和生活用水来源,因此需要彻底了解 REE 在这些环境中的迁移和滞留机制。在这项研究中,我们使用五种具有代表性的沿海含水层材料和一种酸洗砂样本作为基准,进行了批量和柱状实验。这些实验是在淡水和咸水条件下用氯化钠向 REE 溶液中添加腐植酸(HA)进行的,代表了沿海含水层中不同的地下水成分。结果表明,酸洗砂和天然砂样品中的 REEs 移动性最强,其次是两种低碳酸盐钙质砂岩和一种高钙质砂岩,而红壤砂中的 REEs 移动性最小。溶液中的 REEs 主要以 REE-HA 复合物的形式存在,其流动性主要受 HA 的滞留性控制,而 HA 的滞留性随着含水层材料离子强度和表面积的增加而增加。此外,研究还发现,碳酸盐和粘土矿物的存在会增强表面相互作用,从而降低 REE 的流动性。在酸洗砂和天然砂样品中观察到,柱实验流出物中的中-REE(MREE)回收率较高,这是因为与轻-REE(LREE)和重-REE(HREE)HA 复合物相比,MREE-HA 复合物的稳定性更高。钙质砂岩的 HREE 回收率较高,这是因为 HREE 优先与碳酸根离子络合,而红壤砂的 HREE 回收率较高,这是因为粘土、铁和锰矿物优先保留 LREE 和 MREE。
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引用次数: 0
ACS Environmental Au Recognizes 2023 Rising Stars in Environmental Research ACS Environmental Au 表彰 2023 年度环境研究新星
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00010
Ian T. Cousins, Keri C. Hornbuckle and Xiang-Dong Li*, 
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引用次数: 0
Toward Characterizing Environmental Sources of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) at the Species Level: A Tutorial Review of NTM Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Classification 在物种水平上确定非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的环境来源:非结核分枝杆菌系统发育和系统发育分类教程回顾
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00074
Lin Zhang, Tzu-Yu Lin, Wen-Tso Liu and Fangqiong Ling*, 

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are any mycobacteria that do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy. While the majority of NTM are harmless and some of them are considered probiotic, a growing number of people are being diagnosed with NTM infections. Therefore, their detection in the environment is of interest to clinicians, environmental microbiologists, and water quality researchers alike. This review provides a tutorial on the foundational approaches for taxonomic classifications, with a focus on the phylogenetic relationships among NTM revealed by the 16S rRNA gene, rpoB gene, and hsp65 gene, and by genome-based approaches. Recent updates on the Mycobacterium genus taxonomy are also provided. A synthesis on the habitats of 189 mycobacterial species in a genome-based taxonomy framework was performed, with attention paid to environmental sources (e.g., drinking water, aquatic environments, and soil). The 16S rRNA gene-based classification accuracy for various regions was evaluated (V3, V3–V4, V3–V5, V4, V4–V5, and V1–V9), revealing overall excellent genus-level classification (up to 100% accuracy) yet only modest performance (up to 63.5% accuracy) at the species level. Future research quantifying NTM species in water systems, determining the effects of water treatment and plumbing conditions on their variations, developing high throughput species-level characterization tools for use in the environment, and incorporating the characterization of functions in a phylogenetic framework will likely fill critical knowledge gaps. We believe this tutorial will be useful for researchers new to the field of molecular or genome-based taxonomic profiling of environmental microbiomes. Experts may also find this review useful in terms of the selected key findings of the past 30 years, recent updates on phylogenomic analyses, as well as a synthesis of the ecology of NTM in a phylogenetic framework.

非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)是指不引起结核病或麻风病的任何分枝杆菌。虽然大多数非结核分枝杆菌是无害的,其中一些还被认为是益生菌,但越来越多的人被诊断出感染了非结核分枝杆菌。因此,临床医生、环境微生物学家和水质研究人员都对在环境中检测到它们很感兴趣。本综述介绍了分类的基本方法,重点是通过 16S rRNA 基因、rpoB 基因和 hsp65 基因以及基于基因组的方法揭示的非结核分枝杆菌之间的系统发育关系。此外还提供了分枝杆菌属分类的最新进展。在基于基因组的分类框架下,对 189 种分枝杆菌的栖息地进行了综合分析,并关注了环境来源(如饮用水、水生环境和土壤)。对不同区域(V3、V3-V4、V3-V5、V4、V4-V5 和 V1-V9)基于 16S rRNA 基因的分类准确性进行了评估,结果表明属级分类总体上非常出色(准确率高达 100%),但在种级分类上表现一般(准确率高达 63.5%)。未来的研究将量化水系统中的非结核菌物种,确定水处理和管道条件对其变化的影响,开发用于环境中的高通量物种级表征工具,并将功能表征纳入系统发生学框架,这些研究可能会填补重要的知识空白。我们相信,本教程将对初涉基于分子或基因组的环境微生物组分类剖析领域的研究人员有所帮助。专家们也可能会发现这篇综述对以下方面很有帮助:过去 30 年中精选的主要发现、系统发生组分析的最新进展以及在系统发生学框架中对非结核微生物生态学的综述。
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引用次数: 0
Revealing the Sources of Cadmium in Rice Plants under Pot and Field Conditions from Its Isotopic Fractionation 从同位素分馏揭示盆栽和田间条件下水稻植株中镉的来源
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00067
Qiang Dong, Cailing Xiao, Wenhan Cheng, Huimin Yu, Juan Liu, Guangliang Liu, Yanwei Liu, Yingying Guo, Yong Liang*, Jianbo Shi, Yongguang Yin*, Yong Cai and Guibin Jiang, 

The highly excessive uptake of cadmium (Cd) by rice plants is well known, but the transfer pathway and mechanism of Cd in the paddy system remain poorly understood. Herein, pot experiments and field investigation were systematically carried out for the first time to assess the phytoavailability of Cd and fingerprint its transfer pathway in the paddy system under different treatments (slaked lime and biochar amendments), with the aid of a pioneering Cd isotopic technique. Results unveiled that no obvious differences were displayed in the δ114/110Cd of Ca(NO3)2-extractable and acid-soluble fractions among different treatments in pot experiments, while the δ114/110Cd of the water-soluble fraction varied considerably from −0.88 to −0.27%, similar to those observed in whole rice plant [Δ114/110Cdplant–water ≈ 0 (−0.06 to −0.03%)]. It indicates that the water-soluble fraction is likely the main source of phytoavailable Cd, which further contributes to its bioaccumulation in paddy systems. However, Δ114/110Cdplant–water found in field conditions (−0.39 ± 0.05%) was quite different from those observed in pot experiments, mostly owing to additional contribution derived from atmospheric deposition. All these findings demonstrate that the precise Cd isotopic compositions can provide robust and reliable evidence to reveal different transfer pathways of Cd and its phytoavailability in paddy systems.

众所周知,水稻植株对镉(Cd)的吸收率极高,但人们对镉在水稻系统中的转移途径和机制仍然知之甚少。本文首次系统地开展了盆栽实验和田间调查,借助开创性的镉同位素技术,评估了不同处理(熟石灰和生物炭添加剂)下水稻对镉的植物利用率及其转移途径。结果表明,在盆栽试验中,不同处理的 Ca(NO3)2 可提取部分和酸溶部分的δ114/110Cd 没有明显差异,而水溶性部分的δ114/110Cd 在-0.88% 到 -0.27%之间变化很大,与在水稻全株中观察到的结果相似[Δ114/110Cd-植物-水 ≈ 0 (-0.06% 到 -0.03%)]。这表明水溶性部分可能是植物可利用镉的主要来源,这进一步促进了镉在水稻系统中的生物累积。然而,在田间条件下发现的Δ114/110Cd 植株-水(-0.39 ± 0.05%)与盆栽实验中观察到的结果有很大差异,这主要是由于大气沉降造成的额外贡献。所有这些发现都表明,精确的镉同位素组成可以为揭示水稻系统中不同的镉转移途径及其植物可利用性提供有力而可靠的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Toward Digitalization of Fishing Vessels to Achieve Higher Environmental and Economic Sustainability 实现渔船数字化,提高环境和经济可持续性
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00013
Zigor Uriondo*, Jose A. Fernandes-Salvador, Karl-Johan Reite, Iñaki Quincoces and Kayvan Pazouki, 

Fishing vessels need to adapt to and mitigate climate changes, but solution development requires better information about the environment and vessel operations. Even if ships generate large amounts of potentially useful data, there is a large variety of sources and formats. This lack of standardization makes identification and use of key data challenging and hinders its use in improving operational performance and vessel design. The work described in this paper aims to provide cost-effective tools for systematic data acquisition for fishing vessels, supporting digitalization of the fishing vessel operation and performance monitoring. This digitalization is needed to facilitate the reduction of emissions as a critical environmental problem and industry costs critical for industry sustainability. The resulting monitoring system interfaces onboard systems and sensors, processes the data, and makes it available in a shared onboard data space. From this data space, 209 signals are recorded at different frequencies and uploaded to onshore servers for postprocessing. The collected data describe both ship operation, onboard energy system, and the surrounding environment. Nine of the oceanographic variables have been preselected to be potentially useful for public scientific repositories, such as Copernicus and EMODnet. The data are also used for fuel prediction models, species distribution models, and route optimization models.

渔船需要适应和减缓气候变化,但解决方案的制定需要更好的环境和渔船作业信息。即使船舶产生了大量潜在的有用数据,但数据来源和格式却多种多样。这种缺乏标准化的情况使得关键数据的识别和使用具有挑战性,并阻碍了其在改善操作性能和船舶设计方面的应用。本文介绍的工作旨在为渔船系统化数据采集提供具有成本效益的工具,支持渔船操作和性能监测的数字化。这种数字化是促进减少排放这一关键环境问题和行业可持续发展的关键成本所必需的。由此产生的监测系统可连接船上系统和传感器,处理数据,并在船上共享数据空间提供数据。该数据空间记录了 209 个不同频率的信号,并上传到岸上服务器进行后处理。收集到的数据描述了船舶运行、船上能源系统和周围环境。其中九个海洋变量已被预先选定,可能对哥白尼和 EMODnet 等公共科学资料库有用。这些数据还可用于燃料预测模型、物种分布模型和航线优化模型。
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引用次数: 0
Celebrating and Charting a Future for ACS Environmental Au 庆祝并规划 ACS Environmental Au 的未来
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00080
Yi Jiang*,  and , Xiangdong Li*, 
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引用次数: 0
Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in a Marine Apex Predator (White Shark, Carcharodon carcharias) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean 西北大西洋一种海洋顶级掠食者(白鲨)体内的全氟/多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-14 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00055
Jennifer Marciano, Lisa Crawford, Leenia Mukhopadhyay, Wesley Scott, Anne McElroy and Carrie McDonough*, 

Per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous, highly persistent anthropogenic chemicals that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in aquatic food webs and are associated with adverse health effects, including liver and kidney diseases, cancers, and immunosuppression. We investigated the accumulation of PFASs in a marine apex predator, the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Muscle (N = 12) and blood plasma (N = 27) samples were collected from 27 sharks during 2018–2021 OCEARCH expeditions along the eastern coast of North America from Nova Scotia to Florida. Samples were analyzed for 47 (plasma) and 43 (muscle) targeted PFASs and screened for >2600 known and novel PFASs using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates with carbon chain-length C11 to C14 were frequently detected above the method reporting limits in plasma samples, along with perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorodecanesulfonate. Perfluoropentadecanoate was also detected in 100% of plasma samples and concentrations were estimated semiquantitatively as no analytical standard was available. Total concentrations of frequently detected PFASs in plasma ranged from 0.56 to 2.9 ng mL–1 (median of 1.4 ng mL–1). In muscle tissue, nine targeted PFASs were frequently detected, with total concentration ranging from 0.20 to 0.84 ng g–1 ww. For all frequently detected PFASs, concentrations were greater in plasma than in muscle collected from the same organism. In both matrices, perfluorotridecanoic acid was the most abundant PFAS, consistent with several other studies. PFASs with similar chain-lengths correlated significantly among the plasma samples, suggesting similar sources. Total concentrations of PFASs in plasma were significantly greater in sharks sampled off of Nova Scotia than all sharks from other locations, potentially due to differences in diet. HRMS suspect screening tentatively identified 13 additional PFASs in plasma, though identification confidence was low, as no MS/MS fragmentation was collected due to low intensities. The widespread detection of long-chain PFASs in plasma and muscle of white sharks highlights the prevalence and potential biomagnification of these compounds in marine apex predators.

全氟烷基/聚氟烃基物质(PFASs)是一种无处不在、具有高度持久性的人为化学物质,可在水生食物网中进行生物累积和生物放大,并与肝脏和肾脏疾病、癌症和免疫抑制等不良健康影响有关。我们研究了 PFASs 在海洋顶级捕食者白鲨(Carcharodon carcharias)体内的积累情况。在 2018-2021 年 OCEARCH 探险期间,我们沿着从新斯科舍到佛罗里达的北美东海岸收集了 27 条鲨鱼的肌肉(N = 12)和血浆(N = 27)样本。利用液相色谱耦合高分辨质谱法(LC-HRMS)分析了样本中的47种(血浆)和43种(肌肉)目标全氟辛烷磺酸,并筛查了>2600种已知和新型全氟辛烷磺酸。在血浆样本中检测到的碳链长度为 C11 至 C14 的全氟烷基羧酸盐以及全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟癸烷磺酸经常超过方法报告限值。此外,100% 的血浆样本中都检测到了全氟十五烷酸酯,由于没有分析标准,因此对其浓度进行了半定量估算。血浆中经常检测到的全氟辛烷磺酸总浓度介于 0.56 至 2.9 纳克 mL-1 之间(中位数为 1.4 纳克 mL-1)。在肌肉组织中,经常检测到九种目标 PFAS,总浓度范围为 0.20 至 0.84 纳克 g-1 ww。对于所有经常检测到的全氟辛烷磺酸,血浆中的浓度均高于从同一生物体采集的肌肉中的浓度。在这两种基质中,全氟十三烷酸是含量最高的全氟辛烷磺酸,这与其他几项研究结果一致。在血浆样本中,链长相似的全氟辛烷磺酸具有显著的相关性,表明其来源相似。在新斯科舍取样的鲨鱼血浆中 PFASs 的总浓度明显高于其他地点的所有鲨鱼,这可能是由于鲨鱼的饮食习惯不同造成的。HRMS 疑似筛选初步确定了血浆中另外 13 种全氟辛烷磺酸,但由于强度较低,没有收集到 MS/MS 片段,因此识别可信度较低。在大白鲨的血浆和肌肉中广泛检测到长链 PFASs 凸显了这些化合物在海洋顶级食肉动物中的普遍性和潜在的生物放大作用。
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引用次数: 0
Long-Term Robustness and Failure Mechanisms of Electrochemical Stripping for Wastewater Ammonia Recovery 用于废水氨回收的电化学剥离的长期稳健性和失效机理
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00058
Anna Kogler, Neha Sharma, Diana Tiburcio, Meili Gong, Dean M. Miller, Kindle S. Williams, Xi Chen and William A. Tarpeh*, 

Nitrogen in wastewater has negative environmental, human health, and economic impacts but can be recovered to reduce the costs and environmental impacts of wastewater treatment and chemical production. To recover ammonia/ammonium (total ammonia nitrogen, TAN) from urine, we operated electrochemical stripping (ECS) for over a month, achieving 83.4 ± 1.5% TAN removal and 73.0 ± 2.9% TAN recovery. With two reactors, we recovered sixteen 500-mL batches (8 L total) of ammonium sulfate (20.9 g/L TAN) approaching commercial fertilizer concentrations (28.4 g/L TAN) and often having >95% purity. While evaluating the operation and maintenance needs, we identified pH, full-cell voltage, product volume, and water flux into the product as informative process monitoring parameters that can be inexpensively and rapidly measured. Characterization of fouled cation exchange and omniphobic membranes informs cleaning and reactor modifications to reduce fouling with organics and calcium/magnesium salts. To evaluate the impact of urine collection and storage on ECS, we conducted experiments with urine at different levels of dilution with flush water, extents of divalent cation precipitation, and degrees of hydrolysis. ECS effectively treated urine under all conditions, but minimizing flush water and ensuring storage until complete hydrolysis would enable energy-efficient TAN recovery. Our experimental results and cost analysis motivate a multifaceted approach to improving ECS’s technical and economic viability by extending component lifetimes, decreasing component costs, and reducing energy consumption through material, reactor, and process engineering. In summary, we demonstrated urine treatment as a foothold for electrochemical nutrient recovery from wastewater while supporting the applicability of ECS to seven other wastewaters with widely varying characteristics. Our findings will facilitate the scale-up and deployment of electrochemical nutrient recovery technologies, enabling a circular nitrogen economy that fosters sanitation provision, efficient chemical production, and water resource protection.

废水中的氮会对环境、人类健康和经济产生负面影响,但可以通过回收氮来降低废水处理和化学品生产的成本和对环境的影响。为了从尿液中回收氨/铵(总氨氮,TAN),我们进行了一个多月的电化学汽提(ECS),实现了 83.4 ± 1.5% 的总氨氮去除率和 73.0 ± 2.9% 的总氨氮回收率。通过两个反应器,我们回收了 16 批 500 毫升(共 8 升)硫酸铵(20.9 克/升 TAN),接近商业肥料浓度(28.4 克/升 TAN),纯度通常为 95%。在评估运行和维护需求时,我们发现 pH 值、满池电压、产品体积和产品中的水通量都是可以廉价、快速测量的过程监控参数。污垢阳离子交换膜和全疏水膜的特征为清洗和反应器改造提供了信息,以减少有机物和钙/镁盐造成的污垢。为了评估尿液收集和储存对 ECS 的影响,我们对不同冲洗水稀释程度、二价阳离子沉淀程度和水解程度的尿液进行了实验。在所有条件下,ECS 都能有效处理尿液,但尽量减少冲洗水量并确保尿液储存到完全水解后才能实现高能效的 TAN 回收。我们的实验结果和成本分析促使我们采用多方面的方法来提高 ECS 的技术和经济可行性,即通过材料、反应器和工艺工程来延长组件寿命、降低组件成本和减少能耗。总之,我们证明了尿液处理是电化学从废水中回收营养物质的立足点,同时支持 ECS 适用于其他七种特性差异很大的废水。我们的研究成果将促进电化学养分回收技术的推广和应用,实现循环氮经济,促进卫生服务、高效化学品生产和水资源保护。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to “Investigation of 6PPD-Quinone in Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Mixtures” 对 "橡胶沥青混凝土混合物中 6PPD-Quinone 的调查 "的更正
Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00077
Srinidhi Lokesh, Siththarththan Arunthavabalan, Ryan S. Stanton, Alon R. Agua, Michael C. Pirrung, Elie Y. Hajj, Edgard Hitti and Yu Yang*, 
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引用次数: 0
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ACS Environmental Au
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