The authors discuss the real-time aspects of the absolute position measurement of an AGV (automated guided vehicle) whose guidepath has been encoded with a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS). In particular, the problem of pseudorandom-to-natural-binary code conversion and the resulting improved AGV navigation are discussed. Different approaches to the code conversion process are examined, and a cost analysis of the different approaches is presented.<>
{"title":"Developments in the measuring of the absolute position of automated guided vehicles","authors":"J. Basran, E. Petriu, F. Groen","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36835","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss the real-time aspects of the absolute position measurement of an AGV (automated guided vehicle) whose guidepath has been encoded with a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS). In particular, the problem of pseudorandom-to-natural-binary code conversion and the resulting improved AGV navigation are discussed. Different approaches to the code conversion process are examined, and a cost analysis of the different approaches is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131437746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method is presented for compensating in real-time for the transfer function of a data acquisition channel by means of a digital IIR (infinite impulse response) filter. The theory behind the measurement is developed, the experimental setup is described, and the estimation results are presented. Real-time experiments have shown that correction within a long-term error of +or-0.01 dB on the flatness of the amplitude and 0.1 degrees on the linearity of the phase is possible.<>
{"title":"Towards an ideal data acquisition channel","authors":"R. Pintelon, Y. Rolain, M. Bossche, J. Schoukens","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36869","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented for compensating in real-time for the transfer function of a data acquisition channel by means of a digital IIR (infinite impulse response) filter. The theory behind the measurement is developed, the experimental setup is described, and the estimation results are presented. Real-time experiments have shown that correction within a long-term error of +or-0.01 dB on the flatness of the amplitude and 0.1 degrees on the linearity of the phase is possible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129758365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors show how a microprocessor can be used to provide the accuracy and flexibility that is required for a general-purpose industrial pH measurement system. Important features considered are automatic, precise temperature compensation with a low-cost temperature sensor, automatic compensation for system offsets and drift, and diagnostics from the front panel. A systematic design procedure that includes specifications, a theoretical analysis of error sources, careful consideration of important design criteria, and the system hardware and software design is described. A special technique of multiplexing a digital-to-analog converter for analog-to-digital conversion and output monitoring is used to keep overall cost low. A nonvolatile memory is used to store the calibration constants. A prototype has been built, and the results obtained under simulated and actual conditions are discussed.<>
{"title":"Microprocessor based pH monitoring and transmitting system","authors":"H. G. Rotithor, F. Trutt","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36837","url":null,"abstract":"The authors show how a microprocessor can be used to provide the accuracy and flexibility that is required for a general-purpose industrial pH measurement system. Important features considered are automatic, precise temperature compensation with a low-cost temperature sensor, automatic compensation for system offsets and drift, and diagnostics from the front panel. A systematic design procedure that includes specifications, a theoretical analysis of error sources, careful consideration of important design criteria, and the system hardware and software design is described. A special technique of multiplexing a digital-to-analog converter for analog-to-digital conversion and output monitoring is used to keep overall cost low. A nonvolatile memory is used to store the calibration constants. A prototype has been built, and the results obtained under simulated and actual conditions are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129445819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author describes a digitally implemented coherent sweep generator, i.e. a sweep generator in which sweep rate, start frequency and start phase can be specified. By carrying out a digital integration twice, using a counter and an accumulator as the integrators, the quadratic phase function of a linear sweep is produced. The desired start frequency and start phase are introduced by presetting the counter and accumulator, respectively. The mod (2 pi ) of the quadratic phase function is extracted and used as address for a sine lookup table whose output is applied to a digital-to-analog converter. The system is capable of producing sweep signals from DC up to the lower MHz range, and the sweep rate can be varied over several orders of magnitude. By operating several digital sweep generators from the same clock, multiple coherent sweep signals can be produced. The digital sweep generator has been implemented with transistor-transistor logic, and generated waveforms are presented.<>
{"title":"Digitally based coherent sweep generator","authors":"P. Pedersen","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36860","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes a digitally implemented coherent sweep generator, i.e. a sweep generator in which sweep rate, start frequency and start phase can be specified. By carrying out a digital integration twice, using a counter and an accumulator as the integrators, the quadratic phase function of a linear sweep is produced. The desired start frequency and start phase are introduced by presetting the counter and accumulator, respectively. The mod (2 pi ) of the quadratic phase function is extracted and used as address for a sine lookup table whose output is applied to a digital-to-analog converter. The system is capable of producing sweep signals from DC up to the lower MHz range, and the sweep rate can be varied over several orders of magnitude. By operating several digital sweep generators from the same clock, multiple coherent sweep signals can be produced. The digital sweep generator has been implemented with transistor-transistor logic, and generated waveforms are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129372780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A floating-window algorithm is described that performs a triggering function that detects changes in the voltage waveform which can disrupt sensitive electronic loads. The proposed algorithm is an extension of a digital equivalent of G.W.Allen's (see IEEE Trans. Power Appl. Syst., vol. PAS-90, p.2604-9, May 1971) concept of an ideal-template-matching triggering mechanism, in which the digitized samples of a voltage waveform would be compared with the digitized values of an ideal waveform (in this case, the ideal sine wave). The proposed floating-window trigger mechanism uses each cycle of the AC waveform as a template for the succeeding cycle. Consequently, it triggers on a change in the shape of the voltage wave form. The proposed triggering function can be used to capture digitally sampled power line disturbances so their cause can be identified and corrected.<>
{"title":"A floating-window algorithm for detecting certain power line faults that disrupt sensitive electronic loads","authors":"A. McEachern","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36868","url":null,"abstract":"A floating-window algorithm is described that performs a triggering function that detects changes in the voltage waveform which can disrupt sensitive electronic loads. The proposed algorithm is an extension of a digital equivalent of G.W.Allen's (see IEEE Trans. Power Appl. Syst., vol. PAS-90, p.2604-9, May 1971) concept of an ideal-template-matching triggering mechanism, in which the digitized samples of a voltage waveform would be compared with the digitized values of an ideal waveform (in this case, the ideal sine wave). The proposed floating-window trigger mechanism uses each cycle of the AC waveform as a template for the succeeding cycle. Consequently, it triggers on a change in the shape of the voltage wave form. The proposed triggering function can be used to capture digitally sampled power line disturbances so their cause can be identified and corrected.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129527355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method for estimating and measuring the probability density function (PDF) of random signals is derived. The method is based on a new representation of P.M. Woodward's theorem (1952), and has been tested in practice with good results. A new proof of Woodward's theorem is presented which includes the linear mean-square estimator and an upper bound on the error of the estimation based on Papoulis' inequality. The experimental setup for measuring the PDF is a simple one, consisting of a frequency modulation and a spectrum analyzer. The theory assures an error smaller than 0.08% for a modulating index of ten or more.<>
{"title":"Measurement of the probability density function of communication signals","authors":"M.S. Alencar","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36913","url":null,"abstract":"A method for estimating and measuring the probability density function (PDF) of random signals is derived. The method is based on a new representation of P.M. Woodward's theorem (1952), and has been tested in practice with good results. A new proof of Woodward's theorem is presented which includes the linear mean-square estimator and an upper bound on the error of the estimation based on Papoulis' inequality. The experimental setup for measuring the PDF is a simple one, consisting of a frequency modulation and a spectrum analyzer. The theory assures an error smaller than 0.08% for a modulating index of ten or more.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114518820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The statistical noise analyzer (SNA) was designed to analyze very-low-frequency (VLF)/low-frequency (LF) highly impulsive atmospheric electromagnetic noise, which is largely produced by lightning discharges. The statistical noise analyzer portable (SNAP) laboratory model is the second generation of the original SNA. In addition to the original SNA functions, the SNAP lab model provides a prototype for a compatible, deployable system that will allow expanded remote data collection and more detailed laboratory analysis of VLF/LF noise. Real-time noise data from a VLF/LF antenna system is input to the receiver/sampling unit. The unit then bandlimits the signal, detects its envelope, and outputs a digital representation of the data. The resulting digital data are inputted electronically into the SNAP computer for statistical analysis. The SNAP lab model performs statistical analyses, and the results can be stored in a file, printed, displayed on PC CRT, or plotted.<>
{"title":"SNAP: VLF/LF statistical noise analyzer","authors":"J. A. Neubert","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36894","url":null,"abstract":"The statistical noise analyzer (SNA) was designed to analyze very-low-frequency (VLF)/low-frequency (LF) highly impulsive atmospheric electromagnetic noise, which is largely produced by lightning discharges. The statistical noise analyzer portable (SNAP) laboratory model is the second generation of the original SNA. In addition to the original SNA functions, the SNAP lab model provides a prototype for a compatible, deployable system that will allow expanded remote data collection and more detailed laboratory analysis of VLF/LF noise. Real-time noise data from a VLF/LF antenna system is input to the receiver/sampling unit. The unit then bandlimits the signal, detects its envelope, and outputs a digital representation of the data. The resulting digital data are inputted electronically into the SNAP computer for statistical analysis. The SNAP lab model performs statistical analyses, and the results can be stored in a file, printed, displayed on PC CRT, or plotted.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115332587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. J. Turnell, M. E. de Morais, N.S. do Nascimento, A. Ramos
The authors present the design and implementation of a three-phase power transducer based on microprocessor technology. The transducer is intended for applications in which fast response time and flexible operation are important. This transducer can produce its outputs after each cycle (16.6 ms for 60-Hz transmission systems). The transducer is considered flexible because it is capable of supplying other output beyond simple three-phase power, voltage, and current. The theory of operation of the transducer, its present limitations, and proposals for future performance enhancements are presented.<>
{"title":"A microprocessor-based three phase power transducer","authors":"D. J. Turnell, M. E. de Morais, N.S. do Nascimento, A. Ramos","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36829","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the design and implementation of a three-phase power transducer based on microprocessor technology. The transducer is intended for applications in which fast response time and flexible operation are important. This transducer can produce its outputs after each cycle (16.6 ms for 60-Hz transmission systems). The transducer is considered flexible because it is capable of supplying other output beyond simple three-phase power, voltage, and current. The theory of operation of the transducer, its present limitations, and proposals for future performance enhancements are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115722424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author discusses information acquisition problems in connection with the application of a knowledge-based system for testing and diagnosis of a specific electronic device. The required information is acquired to some extent from CAD/CAE (computer aided design/engineering) data supplied by the design engineer during the development phase. The remaining information is elicited from the designer in a supplementary interview session. After describing the acquisition of graphical data from the CAD/CAE database, the author describes the acquisition of test and diagnostic knowledge and measuring information through the MEXPERT knowledge-based consultant.<>
{"title":"Knowledge-based troubleshooting and diagnosis of electronic devices","authors":"R. Vaez-Ghaemi","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36874","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses information acquisition problems in connection with the application of a knowledge-based system for testing and diagnosis of a specific electronic device. The required information is acquired to some extent from CAD/CAE (computer aided design/engineering) data supplied by the design engineer during the development phase. The remaining information is elicited from the designer in a supplementary interview session. After describing the acquisition of graphical data from the CAD/CAE database, the author describes the acquisition of test and diagnostic knowledge and measuring information through the MEXPERT knowledge-based consultant.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121530420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present the results of laboratory tests performed on an automatic high-precision device for voltage balancing. The system tested is based on an 18-bit D/A (digital/analog) converter and a dedicated null detector, both controlled by a personal computer. The high relative resolution allowed by the D/A converter is exploited by the system in different full-scale ranges (0.1-1-10 V). The relative resolution of balancing is equal to 3.8*10/sup -6/, corresponding to the least significant bit of the 18-bit D/A converter used. The system has been implemented for the purpose of achieving high accuracy with low-cost components and short operating times. The experimental results are in accordance with design specifications, with no significant deterioration of metrological characteristics, especially the relative resolution of the D/A converter.<>
{"title":"Performance of a custom high precision potentiometric device","authors":"E. Arri, N. Locci, M. Tosi","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36872","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the results of laboratory tests performed on an automatic high-precision device for voltage balancing. The system tested is based on an 18-bit D/A (digital/analog) converter and a dedicated null detector, both controlled by a personal computer. The high relative resolution allowed by the D/A converter is exploited by the system in different full-scale ranges (0.1-1-10 V). The relative resolution of balancing is equal to 3.8*10/sup -6/, corresponding to the least significant bit of the 18-bit D/A converter used. The system has been implemented for the purpose of achieving high accuracy with low-cost components and short operating times. The experimental results are in accordance with design specifications, with no significant deterioration of metrological characteristics, especially the relative resolution of the D/A converter.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126373971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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