I. V. Voytovych, O. P. Musyka, Y. Shevchuk, O. Ignatova, G. Y. Boyko
The relevance of the issue is caused by the presence of significant (more than 20% of the normative indicators) filtration losses from most reservoirs built in Ukraine without anti-filtration protection. Based on the results of analytical and experimental field studies of the constructive elements of anti-filtration protection of reservoirs, calculations of structural parameters, and generalization of scientific research materials, the main areas and trends of improving screen structures of these reservoirs have been determined. It was established that the selection of the designs of anti-filtration screens is based on the optimization of the main indicators of the evaluation criteria of technically and economically expedient designs. The criteria for evaluating the anti-filtration protection design are filtration losses, filtration coefficient, coefficient of performance, coefficient of anti-filtration efficiency, filtering resistance of the structure, optimal parameters of the soil base (density and moisture) of different types of soils, an indicator of environmental safety, and technical and economic efficiency. Creating new types of designs of anti-filtration screens for reservoirs was justified, and the trends of their improvement were specified. Methodical approaches to the selection of optimal screen designs were developed. Prospective designs of anti-filtration screens of reservoirs when using the latest materials and modern technologies are proposed. The design parameters of anti-filtration screens of artificial reservoirs were established depending on the depth of their filling and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil of the reservoir bowl base. The economic efficiency of new types of designs of anti-filtration screens, compared to the traditional ones, is in reducing filtration losses and increasing the efficiency water reservoirs.
{"title":"METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE DETERMINATION OF EVALUATION CRITERIA AND SELECTION OF THE DESIGN OF ANTI-FILTRATION SCREENS OF RESERVOIRS","authors":"I. V. Voytovych, O. P. Musyka, Y. Shevchuk, O. Ignatova, G. Y. Boyko","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-334","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the issue is caused by the presence of significant (more than 20% of the normative indicators) filtration losses from most reservoirs built in Ukraine without anti-filtration protection. Based on the results of analytical and experimental field studies of the constructive elements of anti-filtration protection of reservoirs, calculations of structural parameters, and generalization of scientific research materials, the main areas and trends of improving screen structures of these reservoirs have been determined. It was established that the selection of the designs of anti-filtration screens is based on the optimization of the main indicators of the evaluation criteria of technically and economically expedient designs. The criteria for evaluating the anti-filtration protection design are filtration losses, filtration coefficient, coefficient of performance, coefficient of anti-filtration efficiency, filtering resistance of the structure, optimal parameters of the soil base (density and moisture) of different types of soils, an indicator of environmental safety, and technical and economic efficiency. \u0000Creating new types of designs of anti-filtration screens for reservoirs was justified, and the trends of their improvement were specified. Methodical approaches to the selection of optimal screen designs were developed. Prospective designs of anti-filtration screens of reservoirs when using the latest materials and modern technologies are proposed. The design parameters of anti-filtration screens of artificial reservoirs were established depending on the depth of their filling and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil of the reservoir bowl base. The economic efficiency of new types of designs of anti-filtration screens, compared to the traditional ones, is in reducing filtration losses and increasing the efficiency water reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the conditions of progressive contamination of surface sources of water supply and inefficient wastewater treatment when using existing water treatment technologies, the research problem and the justification of the use of sorption materials for the retention of specific pollutants, in particular heavy metal ions and radionuclides, is urgent. The parameters that determine the efficiency of sorbents are indicators of their sedimentation rate. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the sedimentation rate indicators for bentonite and copper ferrocyanide, build sorbent sedimentation graphs, and establish the estimated sedimentation rate of sorbents in the sedimentation tank based on the studied data considering temperature regime. Deposition of the sorbent in settling tanks occurs with the non-stop movement of water at a low speed in the direction from the inlet to the outlet. The experiments are aimed at substantiating the efficiency and criteria of a universal facility, which is able to work equally effectively with sorbents in different aggregate states. The process of sorbent sedimentation in water is characterized by the kinetics of sorbent flakes conglomerates sedimentation. These processes are displayed in the form of deposition kinetics graphs. The experiment used powdered bentonite and a solution of copper ferrocyanide, consisting of yellow blood salt and copper sulphate in a given proportional ratio. In the course of the study the following parameters were determined: the hydraulic grain size of bentonite powdery clay, the dependence of the sedimentation rate on the temperature regime. The liquid layer was divided into layers that show changes in the amount of suspended substances depending on the depth, which made it possible to determine the dimensions of the settling tank, the height of the liquid overflow, which, in turn, made it possible to conduct simulation experiments on virtual machines with a full-scale clarifier-absorber in accordance to geometric parameters.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC GRAIN SIZE OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SORBENTS FOR SIMULATION OF SETTLE FACILITY","authors":"S. Marysyk","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-346","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of progressive contamination of surface sources of water supply and inefficient wastewater treatment when using existing water treatment technologies, the research problem and the justification of the use of sorption materials for the retention of specific pollutants, in particular heavy metal ions and radionuclides, is urgent. The parameters that determine the efficiency of sorbents are indicators of their sedimentation rate. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the sedimentation rate indicators for bentonite and copper ferrocyanide, build sorbent sedimentation graphs, and establish the estimated sedimentation rate of sorbents in the sedimentation tank based on the studied data considering temperature regime. Deposition of the sorbent in settling tanks occurs with the non-stop movement of water at a low speed in the direction from the inlet to the outlet. The experiments are aimed at substantiating the efficiency and criteria of a universal facility, which is able to work equally effectively with sorbents in different aggregate states. The process of sorbent sedimentation in water is characterized by the kinetics of sorbent flakes conglomerates sedimentation. These processes are displayed in the form of deposition kinetics graphs. The experiment used powdered bentonite and a solution of copper ferrocyanide, consisting of yellow blood salt and copper sulphate in a given proportional ratio. In the course of the study the following parameters were determined: the hydraulic grain size of bentonite powdery clay, the dependence of the sedimentation rate on the temperature regime. The liquid layer was divided into layers that show changes in the amount of suspended substances depending on the depth, which made it possible to determine the dimensions of the settling tank, the height of the liquid overflow, which, in turn, made it possible to conduct simulation experiments on virtual machines with a full-scale clarifier-absorber in accordance to geometric parameters.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127275146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Kolomiiets, M. Romashchenko, N. Didenko, A. Sardak
Modern unceasing processes of dehumification and degradation of arable soils require the search for new non-traditional approaches to solving this global environmental problem, which determines the relevance of the research. After all, plowing significantly disrupts the thermodynamic interaction of the soil with environmental factors. The purpose of the publication is to consider the regularities of the evolution of the properties of the pedosphere from a geosystem perspective, to define the concept of geomembrane properties, and to reveal the mechanism of regulating the thermodynamic interaction of the soil with the environment based on the concept of its homeostasis, which will allow a more reasonable explanation and forecast of modern evolutionary changes in the properties of soils and soil cover from a higher perspective organizational level of the geosystem. The main tasks are defined as: the development of a methodology for studies of the thermodynamic interaction of soil with climatic factors, the creation of tools for monitoring the course of thermodynamically unbalanced processes in the soil environment, and their approbation in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is proposed to consider the soil as a dissipative thermodynamic non-equilibrium system that is constantly in the process of self-stabilization and self-organization due to interaction with climatic factors of the environment. Therefore, soil homeostasis means the presence of subordinate energy-consuming processes of a certain intensity, which form the structure of the thermodynamic system of the soil, as the structure of its pore space. It was determined that the general direction of the development of the pedosphere, as an element of the Earth's lithospheric shell, is the densification of the parent rock with the formation of structural macroporosity of the soil and the development of heterogeneity. It is shown in the example of Ukraine, that the geomembrane properties of soils have a zonal nature and are aimed at limiting the power of the zone of active energy-mass exchange. The concept of the dynamics of geomembrane properties of the pedosphere, as a manifestation of a higher hierarchical level of geosystem organization, is proposed to be used to solve purely applied issues, such as assessing the impact of climate change, humus formation, and modern dynamics of soil fertility, increasing the sustainability and ecological safety of soil use.
{"title":"THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF THE GEOSYSTEM FUNCTION OF THE PEDOSPHERE","authors":"S. S. Kolomiiets, M. Romashchenko, N. Didenko, A. Sardak","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-339","url":null,"abstract":"Modern unceasing processes of dehumification and degradation of arable soils require the search for new non-traditional approaches to solving this global environmental problem, which determines the relevance of the research. After all, plowing significantly disrupts the thermodynamic interaction of the soil with environmental factors. The purpose of the publication is to consider the regularities of the evolution of the properties of the pedosphere from a geosystem perspective, to define the concept of geomembrane properties, and to reveal the mechanism of regulating the thermodynamic interaction of the soil with the environment based on the concept of its homeostasis, which will allow a more reasonable explanation and forecast of modern evolutionary changes in the properties of soils and soil cover from a higher perspective organizational level of the geosystem. The main tasks are defined as: the development of a methodology for studies of the thermodynamic interaction of soil with climatic factors, the creation of tools for monitoring the course of thermodynamically unbalanced processes in the soil environment, and their approbation in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is proposed to consider the soil as a dissipative thermodynamic non-equilibrium system that is constantly in the process of self-stabilization and self-organization due to interaction with climatic factors of the environment. Therefore, soil homeostasis means the presence of subordinate energy-consuming processes of a certain intensity, which form the structure of the thermodynamic system of the soil, as the structure of its pore space. It was determined that the general direction of the development of the pedosphere, as an element of the Earth's lithospheric shell, is the densification of the parent rock with the formation of structural macroporosity of the soil and the development of heterogeneity. It is shown in the example of Ukraine, that the geomembrane properties of soils have a zonal nature and are aimed at limiting the power of the zone of active energy-mass exchange. \u0000The concept of the dynamics of geomembrane properties of the pedosphere, as a manifestation of a higher hierarchical level of geosystem organization, is proposed to be used to solve purely applied issues, such as assessing the impact of climate change, humus formation, and modern dynamics of soil fertility, increasing the sustainability and ecological safety of soil use.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125329526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Approaches to assessment of the economic effectiveness of restoring drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine are substantiated. A conceptual scheme has been developed that determines the stages of evaluation, sources of the input array of information, strategic orientation, and invariance of restoration projects, provides for considering a number of risks and limitations of a systemic and non-systemic nature when evaluating the project effectiveness of strategic alternatives. The basis of the evaluation is the results of the analysis of materials regarding the technical condition of drainage systems, the restoration of which in the drainage area is carried out according to two options: modernization of working (on an area of 1311,2 thousand ha) and restoration of non-working (on an area of 1962,9 thousand ha) drainage systems. In the calculations of restoration (modernization) costs, the results of a preliminary assessment of the cost of restoration work for various types of drainage systems (drainage, drainage-humidification, polder, and water circulation systems) were used based on the reduced costs for restoration of the intra-farm and inter-farm network, which were adopted in the "Strategy of Irrigation and Drainage ..." [27]. The economic indicators of the production of agricultural crops economically attractive to farming producers (grain corn, sunflower, rapeseed, soybean) were calculated under the conditions of their production before and after the implementation of the project of restoration (modernization) of drainage systems. The application of the traditional scheme for projected indicators calculating, at which the discount rate was defined as the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), is substantiated. Taking into account the specifics of drainage system restoration (modernization) projects and their duration, the weighted average rates for long-term loans and deposits (risk-free) for legal entities, taking into account the inflation component and the value of equity capital of agro-industrial complex enterprises, were chosen as the discount rate for the preliminary pre-investment analysis. Based on the calculation of the project effectiveness of the restoration (modernization) of drainage systems using the scenario approach according to the consolidated option for determining the payback of investment costs, it is proved that the options at the discount rates r1 (for 2021) and r2 (for the beginning of 2022), as well as the discount rate for the equity scheme, they give positive indicators of the investment project, which indicates the expediency of its implementation and economic efficiency. The internal rate of return for the three options shows a sufficient margin of safety (24–26%). The most economically expedient is the option with a source of financing from the equity capital of agro-industrial complex enterprises, for which the non-discounted (RR) and discounted (DPP) payback terms are 3,4 and 4,7 years, respectively.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RESTORATION OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN THE HUMID ZONE OF UKRAINE: MAKING INVESTMENT DECISIONS","authors":"H. Voropai, B. Dergaliuk, O. Kavtysh","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-336","url":null,"abstract":"Approaches to assessment of the economic effectiveness of restoring drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine are substantiated. A conceptual scheme has been developed that determines the stages of evaluation, sources of the input array of information, strategic orientation, and invariance of restoration projects, provides for considering a number of risks and limitations of a systemic and non-systemic nature when evaluating the project effectiveness of strategic alternatives. The basis of the evaluation is the results of the analysis of materials regarding the technical condition of drainage systems, the restoration of which in the drainage area is carried out according to two options: modernization of working (on an area of 1311,2 thousand ha) and restoration of non-working (on an area of 1962,9 thousand ha) drainage systems. In the calculations of restoration (modernization) costs, the results of a preliminary assessment of the cost of restoration work for various types of drainage systems (drainage, drainage-humidification, polder, and water circulation systems) were used based on the reduced costs for restoration of the intra-farm and inter-farm network, which were adopted in the \"Strategy of Irrigation and Drainage ...\" [27]. The economic indicators of the production of agricultural crops economically attractive to farming producers (grain corn, sunflower, rapeseed, soybean) were calculated under the conditions of their production before and after the implementation of the project of restoration (modernization) of drainage systems. The application of the traditional scheme for projected indicators calculating, at which the discount rate was defined as the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), is substantiated. Taking into account the specifics of drainage system restoration (modernization) projects and their duration, the weighted average rates for long-term loans and deposits (risk-free) for legal entities, taking into account the inflation component and the value of equity capital of agro-industrial complex enterprises, were chosen as the discount rate for the preliminary pre-investment analysis. Based on the calculation of the project effectiveness of the restoration (modernization) of drainage systems using the scenario approach according to the consolidated option for determining the payback of investment costs, it is proved that the options at the discount rates r1 (for 2021) and r2 (for the beginning of 2022), as well as the discount rate for the equity scheme, they give positive indicators of the investment project, which indicates the expediency of its implementation and economic efficiency. The internal rate of return for the three options shows a sufficient margin of safety (24–26%). The most economically expedient is the option with a source of financing from the equity capital of agro-industrial complex enterprises, for which the non-discounted (RR) and discounted (DPP) payback terms are 3,4 and 4,7 years, respectively.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123502896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Romashchenko, Vsevolod Bohaienko, A. Shatkovskyi, T. V. Matyash, S. Kolomiets, S. Shevchuk, Yu. Yu. Danylenko, A. Sardak
The conceptual principles of watering control under irrigation using decision support systems are outlined. Based on the analysis and research of foreign and domestic authors, it has been proven that the effectiveness of watering control depends to a large extent on the methodological approaches used to determine the terms and rates of watering in various decision support systems. It is shown that the most complete potential of varieties and hybrids of various types of crops under irrigation can be realized when establishing and implementing irrigation regimes ensuring the moisture supply of the soil root layer in a narrow range of high humidity (close to field water-holding capacity (FWHC) during the entire growing season. It was grounded that the implementation of such irrigation regimes is possible only by applying decision support systems using GIS technologies, which combine hydrogeological models for calculation and forecasting of watering terms and rates, based on the use of soil moisture potential as a criterion of moisture supply availability for plants and Earth remote sensing data (ERSD). Such a combination makes it possible to analyze and apply measurement and forecasting data to the areas not covered by ground observations and provides highly efficient ecologically safe irrigation providing high irrigation water productivity and ecological safety of irrigation. The implementation of these principles in the practice of irrigation management ensures the yield of irrigated crops as of 0.85-0.90 of the potential of modern varieties and hybrids, while simultaneously reducing the consumption of irrigation water per unit of yield, as well as minimizing or eliminating losses of irrigation water due to infiltration, development of flooding processes, salinization, and secondary salinization of soils.
{"title":"Conceptual principles of watering control under irrigation","authors":"M. Romashchenko, Vsevolod Bohaienko, A. Shatkovskyi, T. V. Matyash, S. Kolomiets, S. Shevchuk, Yu. Yu. Danylenko, A. Sardak","doi":"10.31073/mivg202201-328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202201-328","url":null,"abstract":"The conceptual principles of watering control under irrigation using decision support systems are outlined. Based on the analysis and research of foreign and domestic authors, it has been proven that the effectiveness of watering control depends to a large extent on the methodological approaches used to determine the terms and rates of watering in various decision support systems. It is shown that the most complete potential of varieties and hybrids of various types of crops under irrigation can be realized when establishing and implementing irrigation regimes ensuring the moisture supply of the soil root layer in a narrow range of high humidity (close to field water-holding capacity (FWHC) during the entire growing season. \u0000It was grounded that the implementation of such irrigation regimes is possible only by applying decision support systems using GIS technologies, which combine hydrogeological models for calculation and forecasting of watering terms and rates, based on the use of soil moisture potential as a criterion of moisture supply availability for plants and Earth remote sensing data (ERSD). Such a combination makes it possible to analyze and apply measurement and forecasting data to the areas not covered by ground observations and provides highly efficient ecologically safe irrigation providing high irrigation water productivity and ecological safety of irrigation. \u0000The implementation of these principles in the practice of irrigation management ensures the yield of irrigated crops as of 0.85-0.90 of the potential of modern varieties and hybrids, while simultaneously reducing the consumption of irrigation water per unit of yield, as well as minimizing or eliminating losses of irrigation water due to infiltration, development of flooding processes, salinization, and secondary salinization of soils.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128146474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-toxic Neotyphodium (novel endophyte) has been shown to provide similar agronomic performance as wild-type endophyte to deter pathogens without exerting adverse effects on livestock. While the grass/novel endophyte interaction does not synthesize alkaloid peramine that has been linked to mammal toxicity, the connection between wild (naturally occurring) and/or novel endophyte infection and tetany ratio in forage has not been evaluated. The risk of grass tetany was evaluated in naturally occurring endophyte-infected tall fescue grass grown in Japanese Andisol. Three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) ecotypes (Fukaura, Koiwai and Showa) either infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin (E+), or noninfected (E-) were grown in low phosphorus (P) availability black Andisol and high P availability red Andisol under a controlled environment. The biomass nutrient concentration was measured and the tetany ratio, K/(Ca+Mg), was established for all three fescue ecotypes. Results showed that K, Ca, and Mg concentrations and the K/(Ca+Mg) were significantly affected by endophytes, soils, and ecotypes and their interactions. Regardless of ecotypes and soils, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were higher in endophyte-infected plants when compared to the control. Among the endophyte-infected ecotypes, the Fukaura and Koiwai showed higher K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in red Andisol. In contrast, the Showa ecotype showed higher K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in endophyte-infected plants than the control in black Andisol. Notwithstanding ecotypes and soils, endophyte-infected plants showed lower K/(Ca+Mg) than their counterparts, suggesting that the grass/endophyte interaction could provide a means of reducing the incidence of grass tetany in livestock.
{"title":"Can endophyte-infected tall fescue minimize the grass tetany risk?","authors":"H. Rahman, S. Saiga, S. Sabreen, R. Islam","doi":"10.31073/mivg202201-320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202201-320","url":null,"abstract":"Non-toxic Neotyphodium (novel endophyte) has been shown to provide similar agronomic performance as wild-type endophyte to deter pathogens without exerting adverse effects on livestock. While the grass/novel endophyte interaction does not synthesize alkaloid peramine that has been linked to mammal toxicity, the connection between wild (naturally occurring) and/or novel endophyte infection and tetany ratio in forage has not been evaluated. The risk of grass tetany was evaluated in naturally occurring endophyte-infected tall fescue grass grown in Japanese Andisol. Three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) ecotypes (Fukaura, Koiwai and Showa) either infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin (E+), or noninfected (E-) were grown in low phosphorus (P) availability black Andisol and high P availability red Andisol under a controlled environment. The biomass nutrient concentration was measured and the tetany ratio, K/(Ca+Mg), was established for all three fescue ecotypes. \u0000Results showed that K, Ca, and Mg concentrations and the K/(Ca+Mg) were significantly affected by endophytes, soils, and ecotypes and their interactions. Regardless of ecotypes and soils, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were higher in endophyte-infected plants when compared to the control. Among the endophyte-infected ecotypes, the Fukaura and Koiwai showed higher K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in red Andisol. In contrast, the Showa ecotype showed higher K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in endophyte-infected plants than the control in black Andisol. Notwithstanding ecotypes and soils, endophyte-infected plants showed lower K/(Ca+Mg) than their counterparts, suggesting that the grass/endophyte interaction could provide a means of reducing the incidence of grass tetany in livestock.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123738479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the research results it was determined that to significantly reduce the "carbon footprint" of the obtained products, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of produced biomass among food, energy raw materials, soil, and gaseous losses. When accumulating 10 t /ha of dry matter of plant biomass in the typical zonal crop rotation of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, it is advisable to transform it into 0.8-1.0 t /ha of meat and dairy products, 1.3-1.5 t /ha of oil and sugar, 1.2-1.5 t /ha of methane and 0.6-0.8 t /ha of stable humus substances. In the process of such transformation, half of the organic carbon accumulated in the process of photosynthesis is used for the needs of the biological components of the agroecosystem, namely plants, animals, and microbial soil coenosis. Allocation of part of biomass for the energy supply of agro-technological processes is accompanied by minimization of the use of non-renewable energy sources. The final products extracted from the agro-ecosystem in the form of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates have mainly carbon-oxygen elemental composition. As a result, a closed cycle of macro- and microelements is formed, which, along with total disinfection of all wastes, minimizes the use of agrochemicals, the production of which is also accompanied by the entry into the atmosphere of large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG). In the example of a typical Left Bank Forest-Steppe agricultural enterprise a close to an optimal model of agricultural production was worked out, which synchronized and balanced operation of components provides not only high economic efficiency but also in the long run allows to obtain additional profits from reducing GHG emissions. It is shown that when implementing the proposed system of agricultural production, its profitability will be about 3.5 thousand USD / ha, taking into account the value of emission quotas, this figure will increase by 20%. In doing so that does not take into account the possibility of increasing the competitiveness of products with a short carbon footprint, their labeling as organic and other benefits.
根据研究结果确定，为了显著减少所获得产品的“碳足迹”，有必要优化生产的生物质在食物、能源原料、土壤和气体损失之间的分布。左岸森林草原典型地带性轮作植物生物量干物质积累10 t /ha时，宜将其转化为0.8 ~ 1.0 t /ha的肉类和乳制品、1.3 ~ 1.5 t /ha的油脂和糖、1.2 ~ 1.5 t /ha的甲烷和0.6 ~ 0.8 t /ha的稳定腐殖质物质。在这种转化过程中，光合作用过程中积累的有机碳有一半被用于农业生态系统的生物组成部分，即植物、动物和微生物土壤群落的需要。将部分生物质用于农业技术过程的能源供应，同时尽量减少使用不可再生能源。从农业生态系统中提取的最终产品以脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的形式主要由碳氧元素组成。因此，形成了宏量元素和微量元素的封闭循环，同时对所有废物进行全面消毒，最大限度地减少了农用化学品的使用，而农用化学品的生产也伴随着大量温室气体进入大气。以典型的左岸森林草原农业企业为例，建立了一个接近最优的农业生产模型，该模型中各组成部分同步平衡运行，不仅具有较高的经济效益，而且从长远来看，可以从减少温室气体排放中获得额外的利润。研究表明，在实施拟议的农业生产制度时，其盈利能力约为3500美元/公顷，考虑到排放配额的价值，这一数字将增加20%。这样做并没有考虑到提高碳足迹短的产品竞争力的可能性，它们的有机标签和其他好处。
{"title":"Low-carbon system of agricultural production in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"Y. Tarariko, Y. Soroka, H. I. Lychuk","doi":"10.31073/mivg202201-318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202201-318","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the research results it was determined that to significantly reduce the \"carbon footprint\" of the obtained products, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of produced biomass among food, energy raw materials, soil, and gaseous losses. When accumulating 10 t /ha of dry matter of plant biomass in the typical zonal crop rotation of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, it is advisable to transform it into 0.8-1.0 t /ha of meat and dairy products, 1.3-1.5 t /ha of oil and sugar, 1.2-1.5 t /ha of methane and 0.6-0.8 t /ha of stable humus substances. In the process of such transformation, half of the organic carbon accumulated in the process of photosynthesis is used for the needs of the biological components of the agroecosystem, namely plants, animals, and microbial soil coenosis. Allocation of part of biomass for the energy supply of agro-technological processes is accompanied by minimization of the use of non-renewable energy sources. The final products extracted from the agro-ecosystem in the form of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates have mainly carbon-oxygen elemental composition. As a result, a closed cycle of macro- and microelements is formed, which, along with total disinfection of all wastes, minimizes the use of agrochemicals, the production of which is also accompanied by the entry into the atmosphere of large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG). In the example of a typical Left Bank Forest-Steppe agricultural enterprise a close to an optimal model of agricultural production was worked out, which synchronized and balanced operation of components provides not only high economic efficiency but also in the long run allows to obtain additional profits from reducing GHG emissions. It is shown that when implementing the proposed system of agricultural production, its profitability will be about 3.5 thousand USD / ha, taking into account the value of emission quotas, this figure will increase by 20%. In doing so that does not take into account the possibility of increasing the competitiveness of products with a short carbon footprint, their labeling as organic and other benefits.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115941409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Babitska, O. Kharlamov, D. Savchuk, I. Kotykovych, G. Voropay
Changes in the conditions of natural water supply and unsatisfactory technical conditions of horizontal systematic drainage systems have led to their inability to perform the necessary functions in full. In this regard, the issues of determining the optimal parameters of the collector-drainage network (distances between drains, their specific length, and diameters) become relevant. The research work is based on the results of field research on the effectiveness of drainage in the southern region of Ukraine, which includes Ingulets, Kakhovka, North Rogachytsia, Tatarbunary irrigation systems, and the irrigation zone of the North Crimean Canal. Based on the research, a method for determining the optimal parameters of systematic horizontal drainage has been developed and proposed, which takes into account modern precipitation rates, irrigation methods, and irrigation rates for crops. Optimization of drainage parameters is to determine such parameters, having which the capital investment in construction would be minimal while ensuring the groundwater level is below critical depths. Based on the research results when calculating the distance between drains, nomograms were made to determine the main parameters of the systems of systematic horizontal drainage of the perfect and imperfect types under different water conditions. The calculations were performed for the soils with filtration coefficients from 0.01 to 30 m/day. Based on the analysis of nomograms, it was found that the main factors influencing the distance between drains for horizontal drainage systems are filtration coefficient, drainage rate, and distance to impermeable rocks. Nomograms enable to quickly perform calculations of the main parameters of systematic horizontal drainage systems, taking into account modern conditions of water supply and to specify the estimated cost of system construction.
{"title":"Substantiation of optimal parameters of horizontal systematic drainage in modern water management and climatic conditions in the south of Ukraine","authors":"O. Babitska, O. Kharlamov, D. Savchuk, I. Kotykovych, G. Voropay","doi":"10.31073/mivg202201-322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202201-322","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the conditions of natural water supply and unsatisfactory technical conditions of horizontal systematic drainage systems have led to their inability to perform the necessary functions in full. In this regard, the issues of determining the optimal parameters of the collector-drainage network (distances between drains, their specific length, and diameters) become relevant. The research work is based on the results of field research on the effectiveness of drainage in the southern region of Ukraine, which includes Ingulets, Kakhovka, North Rogachytsia, Tatarbunary irrigation systems, and the irrigation zone of the North Crimean Canal. Based on the research, a method for determining the optimal parameters of systematic horizontal drainage has been developed and proposed, which takes into account modern precipitation rates, irrigation methods, and irrigation rates for crops. Optimization of drainage parameters is to determine such parameters, having which the capital investment in construction would be minimal while ensuring the groundwater level is below critical depths. Based on the research results when calculating the distance between drains, nomograms were made to determine the main parameters of the systems of systematic horizontal drainage of the perfect and imperfect types under different water conditions. The calculations were performed for the soils with filtration coefficients from 0.01 to 30 m/day. Based on the analysis of nomograms, it was found that the main factors influencing the distance between drains for horizontal drainage systems are filtration coefficient, drainage rate, and distance to impermeable rocks. Nomograms enable to quickly perform calculations of the main parameters of systematic horizontal drainage systems, taking into account modern conditions of water supply and to specify the estimated cost of system construction.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131873354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Zhuravlov, A. Shatkovskyi, V. V. Vasyuta, Y. O. Cherevychnyi, O. A. Marinkov, I. Kovalenko, O. Gulenko
The accuracy of calculation methods for determining the evapotranspiration (ET) of corn for grain under drip irrigation in the steppe of Ukraine was established. A comprehensive assessment of calculation methods for soil optimal water regime formation during different growth phases of maize plants was carried out. The accuracy of the estimated value of evapotranspiration was determined by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). It has been proven that the use of calculation methods without taking into account the climatic conditions of Southern Ukraine leads to a significant error in determining the actual evapotranspiration. By the Penman-Monteith method, the MAPE of 16.3-26.9% corresponds to the good and satisfactory accuracy of the chosen calculation model. Using the methods of A.M. and S.M. Alpatyev as well as D.A. Stoyko the MAPE increased to 22.2-39.7% and 20.8-29.1%, respectively, which proved their satisfactory accuracy. The calculation method of M.M. Ivanov ensured the MAPE of 48,7-76,8%; that is unsatisfactory calculation accuracy. Adapted crop coefficients Kc for the conditions of the South of Ukraine increased the accuracy of calculating ET by the Penman-Monteith method by an average of 2,2 times, D.A. Shtoyko and A.M. and S.M. Alpatiev by 1,9 and 2,2 times, and M.M. Ivanov by 4,4 times. An analysis of the MAPE using various calculation methods for determining the evapotranspiration of corn for grain under drip irrigation showed that the Penman-Monteith method provides the smallest error (MAPE = 9.1%), which corresponds to high prediction accuracy. In a wet year, the accuracy of ET determination decreases by all methods, which indicates an increase in the MAPE: by Penman-Monteith and D.A. Shtoyko - up to 11.9% and 18.7%, respectively, and the determination accuracy decreases to category “good”. When calculating using the methods of A.M. and S.M. Alpatiev and M.M. Ivanov the MAPE increased to 23,3% and 21,5%, respectively, and the accuracy of ET determination was satisfactory.
{"title":"Comparison of calculation methods for determining evapotranspiration under drip irrigation","authors":"O. Zhuravlov, A. Shatkovskyi, V. V. Vasyuta, Y. O. Cherevychnyi, O. A. Marinkov, I. Kovalenko, O. Gulenko","doi":"10.31073/mivg202201-324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202201-324","url":null,"abstract":"The accuracy of calculation methods for determining the evapotranspiration (ET) of corn for grain under drip irrigation in the steppe of Ukraine was established. A comprehensive assessment of calculation methods for soil optimal water regime formation during different growth phases of maize plants was carried out. The accuracy of the estimated value of evapotranspiration was determined by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). It has been proven that the use of calculation methods without taking into account the climatic conditions of Southern Ukraine leads to a significant error in determining the actual evapotranspiration. By the Penman-Monteith method, the MAPE of 16.3-26.9% corresponds to the good and satisfactory accuracy of the chosen calculation model. Using the methods of A.M. and S.M. Alpatyev as well as D.A. Stoyko the MAPE increased to 22.2-39.7% and 20.8-29.1%, respectively, which proved their satisfactory accuracy. The calculation method of M.M. Ivanov ensured the MAPE of 48,7-76,8%; that is unsatisfactory calculation accuracy. Adapted crop coefficients Kc for the conditions of the South of Ukraine increased the accuracy of calculating ET by the Penman-Monteith method by an average of 2,2 times, D.A. Shtoyko and A.M. and S.M. Alpatiev by 1,9 and 2,2 times, and M.M. Ivanov by 4,4 times. An analysis of the MAPE using various calculation methods for determining the evapotranspiration of corn for grain under drip irrigation showed that the Penman-Monteith method provides the smallest error (MAPE = 9.1%), which corresponds to high prediction accuracy. In a wet year, the accuracy of ET determination decreases by all methods, which indicates an increase in the MAPE: by Penman-Monteith and D.A. Shtoyko - up to 11.9% and 18.7%, respectively, and the determination accuracy decreases to category “good”. When calculating using the methods of A.M. and S.M. Alpatiev and M.M. Ivanov the MAPE increased to 23,3% and 21,5%, respectively, and the accuracy of ET determination was satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125904239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Matiash, M. Romashchenko, Vsevolod Bohaienko, S. Shevchuk, A. V. Kruchenyuk, Y. Butenko
The paper analyzes the results of the implementation of an information and analytical irrigation management system “Irrigation Online” that enables to quickly generate and provide the users with the information about the current and projected state of soil moisture. A set of soil survey works was performed including the analysis of available information on soil reclamation conditions and irrigated land use; visual soil survey with the identification of points for detailed soil survey; soil sampling and laboratory studies on particle size distribution, hydrophysical soil properties and formation of input data for irrigation management. The configured system of instrumental monitoring observations on moisture supply, current meteorological parameters, and actual irrigation terms and rates allows predicting more accurately irrigation terms and rates in the reference fields as well as making their daily correction. The method of point information dissemination on irrigation arrays using remote sensing data was developed. In the course of research satellite image data and plant reflectivity by the NDVI and NDWI indices along with their variability and spatial heterogeneity using the ArcGIS geoinformation system were analyzed. The use of remote sensing data expands the capabilities of the system in terms of data dissemination on the timing and irrigation rates in the fields, which are out of monitoring observations. The results of the use of the operational irrigation management system in production conditions are given. The achieved results were demonstrated while cultivating corn for grain and sunflower. It was proved that by applying the system “Irrigation Online" and keeping moisture supply in the optimal range the highest possible crop yield can be achieved in production conditions.
{"title":"Monitoring and irrigation regime formation when growing crops using the \"Irrigation Online\" system","authors":"T. Matiash, M. Romashchenko, Vsevolod Bohaienko, S. Shevchuk, A. V. Kruchenyuk, Y. Butenko","doi":"10.31073/mivg202201-321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202201-321","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the results of the implementation of an information and analytical irrigation management system “Irrigation Online” that enables to quickly generate and provide the users with the information about the current and projected state of soil moisture. A set of soil survey works was performed including the analysis of available information on soil reclamation conditions and irrigated land use; visual soil survey with the identification of points for detailed soil survey; soil sampling and laboratory studies on particle size distribution, hydrophysical soil properties and formation of input data for irrigation management. The configured system of instrumental monitoring observations on moisture supply, current meteorological parameters, and actual irrigation terms and rates allows predicting more accurately irrigation terms and rates in the reference fields as well as making their daily correction. The method of point information dissemination on irrigation arrays using remote sensing data was developed. In the course of research satellite image data and plant reflectivity by the NDVI and NDWI indices along with their variability and spatial heterogeneity using the ArcGIS geoinformation system were analyzed. The use of remote sensing data expands the capabilities of the system in terms of data dissemination on the timing and irrigation rates in the fields, which are out of monitoring observations. The results of the use of the operational irrigation management system in production conditions are given. The achieved results were demonstrated while cultivating corn for grain and sunflower. It was proved that by applying the system “Irrigation Online\" and keeping moisture supply in the optimal range the highest possible crop yield can be achieved in production conditions.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122870895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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