The main material of the hydrotechnical structures of the water management and reclamation complex is concrete. Its durability is the main indicator of reliability of building operation. The high density of hydraulic concrete, which determines the water resistance, is a guarantee of its durability. At the same time, in hydraulic concrete during the operation under the influence of aggressive environmental factors various defects (cracks, dissected zones)develop, which reduce its waterproofing capability. These defectsare the main centers of water filtration through building structures. At first, drip filtration develops in buildings, which in the course of time increases into active jet filtration. That can lead to the complete destruction of the building. In this connection, the issue of restoration of monolithicity and waterproofing of concrete hydro-technical constructions is relevant. The solution of the problem may be the use of injection waterproofing of the structures when using hydroactive polyurethane resins. Due to the presence in the chain of macromolecules the final isocyanate (-NCO) groups, polyurethanes are capable for interacting with water molecules with the release of carbon dioxide, which leads to foaming. As a result, water blockage occurs in the concrete body and its waterproofing is restored. The analysis of the modern construction market shows that there is currently a sufficiently wide range of single- and two-component hydroactive polyurethane resins capable of reacting with water with foam formation. As the study has shown, the rate of polymerization, the beginning and the end of polyurethane compositionsfoaming substantially depend on the rate of catalyst or polymerization accelerator in the composition, as well as on the environmental temperature. So,when increasing the rate of catalyst in the mixture from 2 to 9%, the rate of polymerization reaction increases by 3,3-3,9 times, and when increasing the environmental temperature from 10 to 25 °C, the polymerization rate increases in 1,3-1,4 times. The foaming time of polyurethane compositions varies within 0,8 ... 16 minutes. Depending on the polyurethane formulations, the resins can be slow- reactive, fast-reactive and ultrafast-reactive, which opens a prospect for their application in the conditions of the filtration of different intensity: from drip to jet. Two-component polyurethane resins are the most promising for application in the technology of injection waterproofing on hydraulic engineering structures of water management and reclamation area, which enable to eliminate water leakage through the structures of different intensity: from drip to active jet filtration. Two-component polyurethane resins such as CarboPur, Tunnelinjekt, PenePurFoam, when contacting with water, form a rigid elastic foam with high physical and mechanical properties: bending strength up to 80 MPa, adhesion to water-saturated concrete to 2, 8 MPa. Field study proved the high efficiency o
{"title":"MODERN HYDROACTIVE POLYURETHANE FOR RESTORATION OF WATERPROOFING CAPABILITY OF HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES","authors":"O. Kovalenko","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-155","url":null,"abstract":"The main material of the hydrotechnical structures of the water management and reclamation complex is concrete. Its durability is the main indicator of reliability of building operation. The high density of hydraulic concrete, which determines the water resistance, is a guarantee of its durability. At the same time, in hydraulic concrete during the operation under the influence of aggressive environmental factors various defects (cracks, dissected zones)develop, which reduce its waterproofing capability. These defectsare the main centers of water filtration through building structures. \u0000At first, drip filtration develops in buildings, which in the course of time increases into active jet filtration. That can lead to the complete destruction of the building. In this connection, the issue of restoration of monolithicity and waterproofing of concrete hydro-technical constructions is relevant. The solution of the problem may be the use of injection waterproofing of the structures when using hydroactive polyurethane resins. Due to the presence in the chain of macromolecules the final isocyanate (-NCO) groups, polyurethanes are capable for interacting with water molecules with the release of carbon dioxide, which leads to foaming. As a result, water blockage occurs in the concrete body and its waterproofing is restored. \u0000The analysis of the modern construction market shows that there is currently a sufficiently wide range of single- and two-component hydroactive polyurethane resins capable of reacting with water with foam formation. As the study has shown, the rate of polymerization, the beginning and the end of polyurethane compositionsfoaming substantially depend on the rate of catalyst or polymerization accelerator in the composition, as well as on the environmental temperature. So,when increasing the rate of catalyst in the mixture from 2 to 9%, the rate of polymerization reaction increases by 3,3-3,9 times, and when increasing the environmental temperature from 10 to 25 °C, the polymerization rate increases in 1,3-1,4 times. The foaming time of polyurethane compositions varies within 0,8 ... 16 minutes. Depending on the polyurethane formulations, the resins can be slow- reactive, fast-reactive and ultrafast-reactive, which opens a prospect for their application in the conditions of the filtration of different intensity: from drip to jet. \u0000Two-component polyurethane resins are the most promising for application in the technology of injection waterproofing on hydraulic engineering structures of water management and reclamation area, which enable to eliminate water leakage through the structures of different intensity: from drip to active jet filtration. Two-component polyurethane resins such as CarboPur, Tunnelinjekt, PenePurFoam, when contacting with water, form a rigid elastic foam with high physical and mechanical properties: bending strength up to 80 MPa, adhesion to water-saturated concrete to 2, 8 MPa. \u0000Field study proved the high efficiency o","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121856968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Actuality. For the last few years the instability in grain productions in the Steppe zone has been observed that is mainly connected with the fluctuations of agrometeorological conditions and global climatic change. Climate change made corrections in terms of sowing of winter crops, which are one of the main factors of technological process, which productivity of the crops depends on. Goal. To determine the influence of agrometeorological conditions, varieties and terms of sowing on the growth and development of plants during the autumn period of vegetation when cultivating winter wheat varieties on irrigated lands. Methods. The researches were conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS using the methodology of field and laboratory experiments on irrigated lands (IOZ NAAS, 2014). Results. During the study period it was determined that the hydrothermal conditions and the duration of the autumn period for winter wheat vegetation were significantly different. When sowing on the 20th of September, on the 1st of October, and on the 10th of October, the duration of the autumn vegetation period in 2016 was 56, 46 and 36 days, in 2015 - 100, 90 and 80 days and in 2017 - 114, 104 and 94 days respectively. When sowing on the 20th of October, winter wheat plants vegetated during 26, 70 and 84 days, respectively. Sowing terms affected winter wheat sprout population in different ways - when sowing on the 20th of September, it averaged to 372 plants/m2, on the 1st of October - 407 plants/m2, on the 10th of October – 386 plants/m2 and on the 20th of October - 392 plants/m2. It was determined that at different terms of sowing the plants entered in winter period with uneven growth and development. When sowing on the 20th of September all the varieties in autumn tillered, and in average for three years they created 4.1-5.0 shoots, developed more herbage mass of 713-761 g/m2 in comparison to other terms of sowing. The later wheat was sown, the less the plant tillering was, therefore, less herbage mass was formed. Conclusions. Agrometeorological conditions of autumn period and terms of sowing significantly affect the population of sprouts and growth processes of the plants of current winter wheat varieties. The highest plant population of all the varieties was formed when sowing on the 1st of October, the least one was formed by the varieties Mariia and Kokhana at early sowing on the 20th of September, and variety Ovidii – at early sowing on the 20th of September, and at late sowing on the 20th of October. That is, the Ovid variety is more responsive to the terms of sowing and to the deviation from the optimal (October 1) and leads to a decrease in the sprouting density. When sowing on the 20th of September and on the 1st of October all the varieties tillered intensively in autumn time, and they formed 4.1-5.0 and 3.3-3.7 shoots, respectively, developed more herbage mass comparatively to other terms of sowing - 713-761 and 313-381 g/m2 respectively.
{"title":"AUTUMN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS ON THE IRRIGATED LANDS DEPENDING ON HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS, VARIETIES AND TERMS OF SOWING","authors":"S. Zaiets","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-157","url":null,"abstract":"Actuality. For the last few years the instability in grain productions in the Steppe zone has been observed that is mainly connected with the fluctuations of agrometeorological conditions and global climatic change. Climate change made corrections in terms of sowing of winter crops, which are one of the main factors of technological process, which productivity of the crops depends on. Goal. To determine the influence of agrometeorological conditions, varieties and terms of sowing on the growth and development of plants during the autumn period of vegetation when cultivating winter wheat varieties on irrigated lands. Methods. The researches were conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS using the methodology of field and laboratory experiments on irrigated lands (IOZ NAAS, 2014). Results. During the study period it was determined that the hydrothermal conditions and the duration of the autumn period for winter wheat vegetation were significantly different. When sowing on the 20th of September, on the 1st of October, and on the 10th of October, the duration of the autumn vegetation period in 2016 was 56, 46 and 36 days, in 2015 - 100, 90 and 80 days and in 2017 - 114, 104 and 94 days respectively. When sowing on the 20th of October, winter wheat plants vegetated during 26, 70 and 84 days, respectively. Sowing terms affected winter wheat sprout population in different ways - when sowing on the 20th of September, it averaged to 372 plants/m2, on the 1st of October - 407 plants/m2, on the 10th of October – 386 plants/m2 and on the 20th of October - 392 plants/m2. It was determined that at different terms of sowing the plants entered in winter period with uneven growth and development. When sowing on the 20th of September all the varieties in autumn tillered, and in average for three years they created 4.1-5.0 shoots, developed more herbage mass of 713-761 g/m2 in comparison to other terms of sowing. The later wheat was sown, the less the plant tillering was, therefore, less herbage mass was formed. Conclusions. Agrometeorological conditions of autumn period and terms of sowing significantly affect the population of sprouts and growth processes of the plants of current winter wheat varieties. The highest plant population of all the varieties was formed when sowing on the 1st of October, the least one was formed by the varieties Mariia and Kokhana at early sowing on the 20th of September, and variety Ovidii – at early sowing on the 20th of September, and at late sowing on the 20th of October. That is, the Ovid variety is more responsive to the terms of sowing and to the deviation from the optimal (October 1) and leads to a decrease in the sprouting density. When sowing on the 20th of September and on the 1st of October all the varieties tillered intensively in autumn time, and they formed 4.1-5.0 and 3.3-3.7 shoots, respectively, developed more herbage mass comparatively to other terms of sowing - 713-761 and 313-381 g/m2 respectively. ","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133278497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relevance of the research. Winter wheat is considered to be a leading cereal crop. One of the area of stabilizing this crop production is to intensify its cultivation on the drained soils of Polissya. Due to the changes in external factors (global and regional climate change, soils, etc.) and technology, the question of modeling the process of crop productivity formation remains relevant. Objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of climate change (increase of average air temperature) on the winter wheat yield on the drained lands of Western Polissya when applying different fertilizer systems. Research methodology. The research was conducted in a stationary long-term field experiment of the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS. The following fertilizer systems were investigated: control (without fertilizers); organic fertilizer – green manure crop; mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + lime; organic-mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + green manure crop + lime. In the course of the study, a systematic analysis of long-term results of field experiments and meteorological observations using mathematical and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis were used. Research results. The coefficient of yield variation over the years of research on a variant without fertilizers reached 27%, against 19% for the organic-mineral fertilizer system. Applying the fertilizers helped to reduce the variability of winter wheat yield by 19 - 23%. Correlation analysis of winter wheat yields in view of the average air temperature of the early spring period (from the second decade of February to the first decade of April) was 0.85. Low air temperatures in this period indicate the late dates of the beginning of spring crop vegetation, which negatively affected wheat productivity. Relatively high temperatures contribute to earlier spring processes and, accordingly, positively affected the yield formation. The correlation coefficient of the average air temperature and wheat yield in the spring-summer period (second decade of April - the second decade of July) was - 0.71. Conclusions. The highest efficiency on sod-podzoliс drained soils is provided by applying organic-mineral fertilizer system. The average wheat grain yield when applying this fertilizer system was 5,7 ton per hectare (+ 38% over control). The application of balanced fertilizer systems reduces the amplitude of grain yield fluctuations from 27% to 19%. The temperature regime in the period from the 2nd decade of February – till the 1t decade of April has a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat grains. Having the average temperatures over 5оC, yields increased by 1-1,5 ton per hectare, and on the contrary, rise of average temperatures in the spring-summer period more than 16оC significantly reduced this index. The established mathematical dependences enabled to estimate the projected winter wheat yield by the analysis of the temperature regime over the years. Th
{"title":"WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY ON DRAINED SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS OF VOLYNS POLISSYA DEPENDING ON APPLYING FERTILIZER SYSTEMS AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Pashkova","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-168","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of the research. Winter wheat is considered to be a leading cereal crop. One of the area of stabilizing this crop production is to intensify its cultivation on the drained soils of Polissya. Due to the changes in external factors (global and regional climate change, soils, etc.) and technology, the question of modeling the process of crop productivity formation remains relevant. \u0000Objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of climate change (increase of average air temperature) on the winter wheat yield on the drained lands of Western Polissya when applying different fertilizer systems. \u0000Research methodology. The research was conducted in a stationary long-term field experiment of the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS. \u0000The following fertilizer systems were investigated: control (without fertilizers); organic fertilizer – green manure crop; mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + lime; organic-mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + green manure crop + lime. \u0000In the course of the study, a systematic analysis of long-term results of field experiments and meteorological observations using mathematical and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis were used. \u0000Research results. The coefficient of yield variation over the years of research on a variant without fertilizers reached 27%, against 19% for the organic-mineral fertilizer system. Applying the fertilizers helped to reduce the variability of winter wheat yield by 19 - 23%. \u0000Correlation analysis of winter wheat yields in view of the average air temperature of the early spring period (from the second decade of February to the first decade of April) was 0.85. Low air temperatures in this period indicate the late dates of the beginning of spring crop vegetation, which negatively affected wheat productivity. Relatively high temperatures contribute to earlier spring processes and, accordingly, positively affected the yield formation. The correlation coefficient of the average air temperature and wheat yield in the spring-summer period (second decade of April - the second decade of July) was - 0.71. \u0000Conclusions. The highest efficiency on sod-podzoliс drained soils is provided by applying organic-mineral fertilizer system. The average wheat grain yield when applying this fertilizer system was 5,7 ton per hectare (+ 38% over control). The application of balanced fertilizer systems reduces the amplitude of grain yield fluctuations from 27% to 19%. \u0000The temperature regime in the period from the 2nd decade of February – till the 1t decade of April has a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat grains. Having the average temperatures over 5оC, yields increased by 1-1,5 ton per hectare, and on the contrary, rise of average temperatures in the spring-summer period more than 16оC significantly reduced this index. \u0000The established mathematical dependences enabled to estimate the projected winter wheat yield by the analysis of the temperature regime over the years. \u0000Th","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125917064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Challenges facing humanity over the years include food insecurity, loss of soil and water resources and associated ecosystem disturbance. The rate of hungry people in developing world keeps on increasing and causing death and malnutrition. Food shortages, food insecurity or undernourishment has assumed a global dimension especially as climate change hits the globe with its negative impacts, with more severe cases recorded in the poor-resource African countries. Soil is the natural capital which drives the agricultural sector, being a strong-hole for crop/animal farming, apart-from being a medium for production of raw materials which powers industrial and domestic production. The inherent quality of soil is impaired by various factors including climate variability like excessive rainfall, which ends-up leaching nutrients downstream, thereby resulting in contamination of water bodies with fertilizer/agro-chemical residues. Like most tropical humid soils, the inherent quality of Nigerian soils is generally low, causing rapid degradation of applied nutrients and total crop failure in extreme cases. This has most often been exacerbated by most prevalent land use/agricultural systems, coupled with the problem of over-grazing and indiscriminate deforestation, alongside rapid population expansion with consequent urbanization and industrialization. For effective soil management, especially in the face of climate change, the need for Climate-Smart Strategy (CSS) towards agricultural production becomes imperative, inother to find a Sustainable Approach (SA) to man’s drive towards food production for effective survival. For efficient maize (Zea mays L.) production, application of mineral fertilizer becomes an important aspect for human/animal food production. Field experimentation was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Cross River University of Technology (Latitude 6° 06ꞌ N and Longitude 8° 18ꞌ E), to evaluate the potential of Nitrogen fertilizer as a Climate-Smart Approach (CSA) for sustainable maize production in the humid tropics. Maize seed variety: Ikom Local White were treated to one level of Nitrogen fertilizer at 0.078 kg ha-1. The treatment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatment were replicated four time to give a total of sixteen (16) field plots. Data collection on plant growth parameters (number of leaves and height of maize) were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while significant means among treatments were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Result obtained showed that plots treated with 0.078 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizer (N-Fertilizer) significantly (p˂0.05) increase growth parameter of maize over the control. Outcome of the study concluded that 0.078 kg ha-1 of N-Fertilizer applied to Maize planted at 1m spacing between plants on bed increase crop growth, and acts as a CSA to remedy the rapid degradation of humid tropical soil productivity, a
多年来，人类面临的挑战包括粮食不安全、水土资源流失以及相关的生态系统干扰。发展中国家的饥饿人口比例持续上升，造成死亡和营养不良。粮食短缺、粮食不安全或营养不良已成为全球性问题，尤其是在气候变化对全球造成负面影响的情况下，资源贫乏的非洲国家记录的情况更为严重。土壤是推动农业部门发展的自然资本，是作物/动物养殖的坚实基础，也是为工业和家庭生产提供动力的原材料生产媒介。土壤的固有质量受到多种因素的影响，包括过度降雨等气候变率，这些因素最终会将养分淋滤到下游，从而导致肥料/农用化学品残留物污染水体。与大多数热带湿润土壤一样，尼日利亚土壤的固有质量普遍较低，在极端情况下导致施用养分迅速退化和作物全欠收。最常见的土地利用/农业系统，加上过度放牧和滥伐森林的问题，以及随之而来的城市化和工业化的人口迅速扩张，往往加剧了这种情况。为了实现有效的土壤管理，特别是在气候变化的情况下，对农业生产的气候智能型战略(CSS)的需求变得势在必行，另一方面，为了人类的有效生存，需要找到一种可持续的方法(SA)来推动粮食生产。为了高效生产玉米(Zea mays L.)，矿质肥料的施用成为人类/动物食品生产的一个重要方面。在克罗斯河理工大学的教学和研究农场(北纬6°06;东经8°18;E)进行了实地试验，以评估氮肥作为气候智能型方法(CSA)在潮湿热带地区可持续玉米生产中的潜力。玉米种子品种Ikom地方白按0.078 kg hm -1水平施氮肥。治疗采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)。该处理重复了4次，总共有16块田地。植株生长参数(叶片数和玉米株高)的数据采集采用方差分析(ANOVA)，处理间显著均值采用5%概率水平的最小显著差异(LSD)分离。结果表明，施氮量为0.078 kg hm -1的地块玉米的生长参数显著高于对照(p小于0.05)。研究结果表明，施用0.078 kg hm -1氮肥时，玉米植株间距为1m，可促进作物生长，并可作为CSA，弥补湿润热带土壤生产力的快速退化，提高环境可持续性。
{"title":"COMBATING TROPICAL SOIL DEGRADATION: THE ROLE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AS A CLIMATE-SMART STRATEGY TOWARDS MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) PRODUCTIVE CULTIVATION","authors":"Monday Sunday Adiaha","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-160","url":null,"abstract":"Challenges facing humanity over the years include food insecurity, loss of soil and water resources and associated ecosystem disturbance. The rate of hungry people in developing world keeps on increasing and causing death and malnutrition. Food shortages, food insecurity or undernourishment has assumed a global dimension especially as climate change hits the globe with its negative impacts, with more severe cases recorded in the poor-resource African countries. Soil is the natural capital which drives the agricultural sector, being a strong-hole for crop/animal farming, apart-from being a medium for production of raw materials which powers industrial and domestic production. The inherent quality of soil is impaired by various factors including climate variability like excessive rainfall, which ends-up leaching nutrients downstream, thereby resulting in contamination of water bodies with fertilizer/agro-chemical residues. Like most tropical humid soils, the inherent quality of Nigerian soils is generally low, causing rapid degradation of applied nutrients and total crop failure in extreme cases. This has most often been exacerbated by most prevalent land use/agricultural systems, coupled with the problem of over-grazing and indiscriminate deforestation, alongside rapid population expansion with consequent urbanization and industrialization. For effective soil management, especially in the face of climate change, the need for Climate-Smart Strategy (CSS) towards agricultural production becomes imperative, inother to find a Sustainable Approach (SA) to man’s drive towards food production for effective survival. For efficient maize (Zea mays L.) production, application of mineral fertilizer becomes an important aspect for human/animal food production. Field experimentation was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Cross River University of Technology (Latitude 6° 06ꞌ N and Longitude 8° 18ꞌ E), to evaluate the potential of Nitrogen fertilizer as a Climate-Smart Approach (CSA) for sustainable maize production in the humid tropics. Maize seed variety: Ikom Local White were treated to one level of Nitrogen fertilizer at 0.078 kg ha-1. The treatment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatment were replicated four time to give a total of sixteen (16) field plots. Data collection on plant growth parameters (number of leaves and height of maize) were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while significant means among treatments were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Result obtained showed that plots treated with 0.078 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizer (N-Fertilizer) significantly (p˂0.05) increase growth parameter of maize over the control. Outcome of the study concluded that 0.078 kg ha-1 of N-Fertilizer applied to Maize planted at 1m spacing between plants on bed increase crop growth, and acts as a CSA to remedy the rapid degradation of humid tropical soil productivity, a","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114436359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine determine the level of total water consumption, the coefficient of water consumption, depending on the types and rates of applied fertilizers during the seed productivity formation of winter triticale. Actuality. Winter triticale as a crop is considered to be insufficiently studied under irrigation, and the Bogadarske variety for seed has not been cultivated before. In this regard, studying the water consumption of triticale when cultivated on seeds, as well as the influence of different rates and types of fertilizers on water consumption, is an important task under climate change on irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, which in future may serve as a starting point for improving the adaptability of the crops in this region. The purpose of the research was to establish the water consumption features of winter triticale crop, depending on the type and rates of fertilizers on irrigated lands in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted in 2013-2016 at the Institute of Irrigation Agriculture of the NAAS in the Ingulets Irrigation System. The soil of the experimental field is dark chestnut medium loam, slightly saline with a humus content of 2.3 %, density - 1.3 g/cm3, withering point - 9.8 %, minimum moisture-holding capacity - 22.4 %. Soil moisture at the experimental sites was determined to a depth of 1.0 m by the thermostat-weighted method in two non-adjoining repetitions. Total water consumption for separate periods of vegetation was determined by the method of water balance, taking into account the initial and final moisture reserve and the amount of precipitation during the period of vegetation. The coefficient of water consumption was established by the ratio of total water consumption for the period of vegetation to the seed yield of winter triticale. Irrigation was performed using a sprinkler unit Dual Console Sprinkler, taking into account a meteorological index and maintaining the soil moisture in the layer of 0-50 cm at 70% of the minimum moisture-holding capacity. Results. Based on the study results the total water consumption, depending on the rates and types of fertilizers, ranged from 3121 to 3258 m3/ha. Despite the fact that water consumption increased as a result of applying fertilizers, but due to higher yields, water consumption for the formation of 1 t of seeds was smaller. Thus, the coefficient of water consumption on the control (reference site) was 867 m3/t. On the variants where nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the rates of N30 – 696-699 m3/t and N60– 686-689 m3/t in an early spring period the plants of winter triticale fed with ammonium nitrate or CAMs consumed moisture more efficiently. On average, from 2013 to 2016, at the background of applying N60P60 and other nitrogen fertilizers of various types and in different rates during the cultivation of winter triticale, about 3.86-5.24 t/ha of seed material were received. Co
{"title":"WATER CONSUMPTION OF WINTER TRITICALE DURING SEED PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION DEPENDING ON THE APPLIED FERTILIZER TYPES AND RATES ON THE IRRIGATED LANDS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"K. Fundirat","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-169","url":null,"abstract":" The irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine determine the level of total water consumption, the coefficient of water consumption, depending on the types and rates of applied fertilizers during the seed productivity formation of winter triticale. \u0000Actuality. Winter triticale as a crop is considered to be insufficiently studied under irrigation, and the Bogadarske variety for seed has not been cultivated before. In this regard, studying the water consumption of triticale when cultivated on seeds, as well as the influence of different rates and types of fertilizers on water consumption, is an important task under climate change on irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, which in future may serve as a starting point for improving the adaptability of the crops in this region. \u0000The purpose of the research was to establish the water consumption features of winter triticale crop, depending on the type and rates of fertilizers on irrigated lands in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. The research was conducted in 2013-2016 at the Institute of Irrigation Agriculture of the NAAS in the Ingulets Irrigation System. The soil of the experimental field is dark chestnut medium loam, slightly saline with a humus content of 2.3 %, density - 1.3 g/cm3, withering point - 9.8 %, minimum moisture-holding capacity - 22.4 %. Soil moisture at the experimental sites was determined to a depth of 1.0 m by the thermostat-weighted method in two non-adjoining repetitions. Total water consumption for separate periods of vegetation was determined by the method of water balance, taking into account the initial and final moisture reserve and the amount of precipitation during the period of vegetation. \u0000The coefficient of water consumption was established by the ratio of total water consumption for the period of vegetation to the seed yield of winter triticale. Irrigation was performed using a sprinkler unit Dual Console Sprinkler, taking into account a meteorological index and maintaining the soil moisture in the layer of 0-50 cm at 70% of the minimum moisture-holding capacity. \u0000Results. Based on the study results the total water consumption, depending on the rates and types of fertilizers, ranged from 3121 to 3258 m3/ha. Despite the fact that water consumption increased as a result of applying fertilizers, but due to higher yields, water consumption for the formation of 1 t of seeds was smaller. Thus, the coefficient of water consumption on the control (reference site) was 867 m3/t. On the variants where nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the rates of N30 – 696-699 m3/t and N60– 686-689 m3/t in an early spring period the plants of winter triticale fed with ammonium nitrate or CAMs consumed moisture more efficiently. On average, from 2013 to 2016, at the background of applying N60P60 and other nitrogen fertilizers of various types and in different rates during the cultivation of winter triticale, about 3.86-5.24 t/ha of seed material were received. \u0000Co","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131287453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Colorado potato beetles and aphids are especially harmful pests for potato crops in the conditions of Kyiv region. So, on the 10th day after mass rebirth of the Colorado potato beetle larvae, potato plants on untreated by insecticide plots were completely destroyed by this phytophagus. Preplanting insecticide treatment of potato tubers provided high effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle prior to the mass rebirth and development of larvae and reduced their density of population and harmfulness. The highest efficacy (93.2-95.2%) against these pests was noted in variants with Prestige, 290 FS, Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS and Celest Top 312.5 FS. Common scab, dry rot and Rhizoctonia solani were prevailed among the diseases of potato tubers. The greatest effectiveness against the common scab was provided by Prestige, 290 FS. Thus, the infestation of potato tubers by common scab in the variant with application of the Prestige, 290 FS was almost twice lower compared to control. Preparation Celest Top 312.5 FS provided a reduction of dry rot in almost 3 times, and Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS leads to reduction of infestation by Rhizoctonia solani in 4 times, respectively. The treatment of tubers is a reliable protection of potato plants against damage by the Colorado potato beetles and lesion diseases, that made it possible to obtain tuber yields at a level of 24.4-27.4 t per ha. However, preplanting treatment of planting material with insecticides is not always able to provide the protection of potato seedlings against damage by Colorado beetles. The mass reproduction of these pests occurs after planting of tubers and emerging of stalks at high air temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to provide additionally spraying of plants. Typically, the insecticides used in recommended rates have a long period of protective action, which eliminates the need for further treatments on vegetative plants. The anti-resistant effect of this treatment is associated with the use of the neonicotinoids class insecticides (eg, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin), that have different mechanism of action compared to pyrethroids. Under such conditions, it is important to search, investigate and introduce modern, effective insecticides into agricultural production. For this purpose the research on the preparations from separate classes of chemical compounds with various toxic properties was conducted. The most effective against the larvae of Colorado potato beetles were insecticides Confidor, 20% SC, Calypso, 48% SC and Engeo 24.7% SC when spraying potato plantings. Duration of their protection was prolonged for two weeks after the application of insecticides. The maximum technical efficiency was reached as 99.5% (Confidor, 20% SC), 99.2% (Calypso, 48% SC) and 99.3% (Engeo 24.7% SC) on the third day after application. Other insecticides such as Mospilan, 20% SP and Actara, 24% WG (96.2-97.0%) provided somewhat lower the mortality rate of these phytophages. T
{"title":"PROTECTION OF POTATO CROPS AGAIST PESTS","authors":"F. Melnichuk, S. Alekseeva, O. Hordiienko","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-166","url":null,"abstract":"The Colorado potato beetles and aphids are especially harmful pests for potato crops in the conditions of Kyiv region. So, on the 10th day after mass rebirth of the Colorado potato beetle larvae, potato plants on untreated by insecticide plots were completely destroyed by this phytophagus. Preplanting insecticide treatment of potato tubers provided high effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle prior to the mass rebirth and development of larvae and reduced their density of population and harmfulness. The highest efficacy (93.2-95.2%) against these pests was noted in variants with Prestige, 290 FS, Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS and Celest Top 312.5 FS. \u0000Common scab, dry rot and Rhizoctonia solani were prevailed among the diseases of potato tubers. The greatest effectiveness against the common scab was provided by Prestige, 290 FS. Thus, the infestation of potato tubers by common scab in the variant with application of the Prestige, 290 FS was almost twice lower compared to control. Preparation Celest Top 312.5 FS provided a reduction of dry rot in almost 3 times, and Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS leads to reduction of infestation by Rhizoctonia solani in 4 times, respectively. The treatment of tubers is a reliable protection of potato plants against damage by the Colorado potato beetles and lesion diseases, that made it possible to obtain tuber yields at a level of 24.4-27.4 t per ha. \u0000However, preplanting treatment of planting material with insecticides is not always able to provide the protection of potato seedlings against damage by Colorado beetles. The mass reproduction of these pests occurs after planting of tubers and emerging of stalks at high air temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to provide additionally spraying of plants. Typically, the insecticides used in recommended rates have a long period of protective action, which eliminates the need for further treatments on vegetative plants. The anti-resistant effect of this treatment is associated with the use of the neonicotinoids class insecticides (eg, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin), that have different mechanism of action compared to pyrethroids. Under such conditions, it is important to search, investigate and introduce modern, effective insecticides into agricultural production. For this purpose the research on the preparations from separate classes of chemical compounds with various toxic properties was conducted. \u0000The most effective against the larvae of Colorado potato beetles were insecticides Confidor, 20% SC, Calypso, 48% SC and Engeo 24.7% SC when spraying potato plantings. Duration of their protection was prolonged for two weeks after the application of insecticides. The maximum technical efficiency was reached as 99.5% (Confidor, 20% SC), 99.2% (Calypso, 48% SC) and 99.3% (Engeo 24.7% SC) on the third day after application. Other insecticides such as Mospilan, 20% SP and Actara, 24% WG (96.2-97.0%) provided somewhat lower the mortality rate of these phytophages. \u0000T","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128394230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relevance of research.To increase the effectiveness of symbiotic fixation in recent years, the complex inoculation of legume seeds with nodulousbacteria along with endophytic bacteria is used.However, the issue of the inoculant use effectivenessbased on rhizobia and endophytic bacteria is still not well studied enough.So, an assessment of their effectiveness is extremely important for the further development of existing scientific knowledge about the microbial and plant symbiosis of leguminous crops. Along with the above, the involvement of nitrogen from the air into the nutrients circulation by legumes provides the ecological improvement of the environment. The purpose of scientificresearches is to specify the effectiveness of the effect of complex inoculation of seeds by the strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria on the yield of different varieties of soybean under the irrigatedconditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. Materials and methods of research.Two-factor field experiment is based on the split plot method in a four-time repetition, where the main plots (first-order plots), factor A – varieties of soya: ultra-fast-growing –Diona and mid-growing –Aratta, subplots(second-order plots), factor B –inoculation of seeds with different strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria: Control 1 (without seed water treatment); Control 2 (seed water treatment); RyzobinK(association of three strains of Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum: B.japonicum of УКМВ-6018, УКМВ-6023, УКМВ-6035); RyzobinK+ Ranibacillus sp.1; RyzobinK + Bacillus sp.4; RyzobinK + Brevibacillus sp.5; RyzobinK + Pseudomonas sp.6; RisobinK + Bacillus megateriumУКМВ-5724.Soybean sowing was carried out in the third decade of April with a seeder «Клен» with a rows width of 45 cm to a depth of 6 cm. The seed rate of Diona varietyis 800000 and Aratta– 600000 similar seeds per 1 hectare. The influence of weather and climatic conditions on the soybean crop formation was specified by determining the potential evaporation, moisture deficit and humidity coefficient. The evaporation and lack of moisture supply during the interphase periods of studied soybean varieties significantly changed and depended on the average daily temperature and relative air humidity and the amount of precipitation fallen during the growing season. Results of the research and their discussion.The application of strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria during inoculation of seed material significantly influenced the yield of different soybean varieties. On average, in 2017-2018, the highest yield of soybean seeds was obtained from pre-sowing inoculation with nodulous bacteria, which is the basis of RisobinK, in combination with endophytic bacteria.In particular, the maximum yield of Dionavariety was formed during pre-sowing inoculation of seeds RisobinK + Bacillus sp.4 – 3,12 t/ha, Aratta variety – 2,55 t/ha. The high yield of soybean Diona variety – 2,85 t/ha and Aratta variety – 2.40 t/ha were also obtained
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF NODULOUS AND ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA SEEDS INOCULATION UPON THE SOYA VARIETIES YIELD UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"О. D. Dubinska, L. Tytova","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-159","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of research.To increase the effectiveness of symbiotic fixation in recent years, the complex inoculation of legume seeds with nodulousbacteria along with endophytic bacteria is used.However, the issue of the inoculant use effectivenessbased on rhizobia and endophytic bacteria is still not well studied enough.So, an assessment of their effectiveness is extremely important for the further development of existing scientific knowledge about the microbial and plant symbiosis of leguminous crops. Along with the above, the involvement of nitrogen from the air into the nutrients circulation by legumes provides the ecological improvement of the environment. \u0000The purpose of scientificresearches is to specify the effectiveness of the effect of complex inoculation of seeds by the strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria on the yield of different varieties of soybean under the irrigatedconditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. \u0000Materials and methods of research.Two-factor field experiment is based on the split plot method in a four-time repetition, where the main plots (first-order plots), factor A – varieties of soya: ultra-fast-growing –Diona and mid-growing –Aratta, subplots(second-order plots), factor B –inoculation of seeds with different strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria: Control 1 (without seed water treatment); Control 2 (seed water treatment); RyzobinK(association of three strains of Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum: B.japonicum of УКМВ-6018, УКМВ-6023, УКМВ-6035); RyzobinK+ Ranibacillus sp.1; RyzobinK + Bacillus sp.4; RyzobinK + Brevibacillus sp.5; RyzobinK + Pseudomonas sp.6; RisobinK + Bacillus megateriumУКМВ-5724.Soybean sowing was carried out in the third decade of April with a seeder «Клен» with a rows width of 45 cm to a depth of 6 cm. The seed rate of Diona varietyis 800000 and Aratta– 600000 similar seeds per 1 hectare. \u0000The influence of weather and climatic conditions on the soybean crop formation was specified by determining the potential evaporation, moisture deficit and humidity coefficient. The evaporation and lack of moisture supply during the interphase periods of studied soybean varieties significantly changed and depended on the average daily temperature and relative air humidity and the amount of precipitation fallen during the growing season. \u0000Results of the research and their discussion.The application of strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria during inoculation of seed material significantly influenced the yield of different soybean varieties. On average, in 2017-2018, the highest yield of soybean seeds was obtained from pre-sowing inoculation with nodulous bacteria, which is the basis of RisobinK, in combination with endophytic bacteria.In particular, the maximum yield of Dionavariety was formed during pre-sowing inoculation of seeds RisobinK + Bacillus sp.4 – 3,12 t/ha, Aratta variety – 2,55 t/ha. The high yield of soybean Diona variety – 2,85 t/ha and Aratta variety – 2.40 t/ha were also obtained ","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132157532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In view of the development of cottage construction and enterprises of agricultural products processing, located mainly in rural areas, the development of high-efficient, reliable and easy-to-use treatment plants for the purification of domestic wastewater of low quality is very relevant. The objective of the research is to ensure the high quality purified water and minimize capital and operating costs. To solve this problem, the methods of physical and mathematical modeling were used, as well as numerical and analytical methods for determination and analysis of the parameters of treatment facilities operation. To use the latest advances in science and technology in the area of small-scale wastewater treatment facilities, which are typical for rural settlements and agro-industrial enterprises, in these conditions it is proposed to use bioreactors and contact clarifying filters. As the research has shown, water quality indicators of purified water change during the time of water filtration Tf and depend on the velocity of water filtration Vf and a specific cleanings capacity of the filter: at the beginning their values decrease as a result of accumulation of active sludge in the subfilter space, and then they begin to rise due to the increase of hydraulic resistance to water motion and removing this residual matter into filtered water. The article also presents the results of investigations on changes in the content of organic compounds in filtered water during the filtration cycle Тf by the biochemical oxygen consumption value (BOCV) depending on a water filtration rate Vf, m/h, and the amount of active sludge (specific dirt content of the filter G, kg/m2), as well as the changes in the content of suspended matter Сf.i. due to the same parameters. The recommendations on the effective operation of wastewater treatment facilities of the proposed design that which ensure their reliable and high-performance operation, were developed.
{"title":"RATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES IN RURAL AREAS","authors":"Y. Mosiichuk, V. Khoruzhy","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-167","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the development of cottage construction and enterprises of agricultural products processing, located mainly in rural areas, the development of high-efficient, reliable and easy-to-use treatment plants for the purification of domestic wastewater of low quality is very relevant. \u0000The objective of the research is to ensure the high quality purified water and minimize capital and operating costs. \u0000To solve this problem, the methods of physical and mathematical modeling were used, as well as numerical and analytical methods for determination and analysis of the parameters of treatment facilities operation. \u0000To use the latest advances in science and technology in the area of small-scale wastewater treatment facilities, which are typical for rural settlements and agro-industrial enterprises, in these conditions it is proposed to use bioreactors and contact clarifying filters. \u0000As the research has shown, water quality indicators of purified water change during the time of water filtration Tf and depend on the velocity of water filtration Vf and a specific cleanings capacity of the filter: at the beginning their values decrease as a result of accumulation of active sludge in the subfilter space, and then they begin to rise due to the increase of hydraulic resistance to water motion and removing this residual matter into filtered water. \u0000The article also presents the results of investigations on changes in the content of organic compounds in filtered water during the filtration cycle Тf by the biochemical oxygen consumption value (BOCV) depending on a water filtration rate Vf, m/h, and the amount of active sludge (specific dirt content of the filter G, kg/m2), as well as the changes in the content of suspended matter Сf.i. due to the same parameters. \u0000The recommendations on the effective operation of wastewater treatment facilities of the proposed design that which ensure their reliable and high-performance operation, were developed. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"297-301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130816824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relevance of research. The most common irrigation regime for rise in the world is constant flooding. Soils of rice crop rotation undergo significant changes during the construction of rice irrigation systems, and during their operation. This leads to the formation of so-called "rice soils" that is the result of the transformation of full-profile soils, which were partially or completely disturbed when planning and building rice checks. Keeping the water layer in the field for 4-5 months leads to irreversible changes in the morphological, physical and chemical soil properties. Therefore, it is relevant to determine the indicators of the soil cover, taking into account the features of the soils of rice crop rotations, in order to prevent the development of degradation processes and increase the productivity of rice crop rotation. The purpose of the study is to determine the main indicators of soil cover of rice crop rotation and their testing on a rice irrigation system with an area of 190 hectares. Methods and methods of research. During the study the following methods were used: field method - to study the basic soil properties; laboratory one - to study of physical and chemical, ameliorative, agrochemical soil properties and chemical composition of irrigation, subsoil, drainage and waste water; mathematical and statistical, comparative and retrospective - to evaluate the study results of the basic soil fertility indices. The research was carried out in the area of a rice irrigation system with 8-field crop rotation, where the proportion of rice does not exceed 50%. Rice was grown in accordance with the technology of rice growing, taking into account environmental protection requirements. For the companion crops, commonly used cultivation technologies were used. The system has been operated in a project mode for 50 years. The soil cover of the investigated system is represented by dark chestnut alkalized (72.9 hectares), meadow solonetz(18.9 hectares) and meadow chestnut alkalized (75.8 hectare) soil types. Research results. On the basis of analysis of retrospective data of monitoring study of the main indicators of agro-amelioration status of soils under rice crop rotation, the indicators of soil condition for the main soil types of rice irrigation systems were determined: groundwater level, groundwater mineralization, content of light-soluble salts in arable layer, chlorine ions content in soil-water extract, toxic salt content, soil salt balance, humus content, the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen compounds, the density of upper humus layer, the content of air-dry aggregates, content of water-stable aggregates. Conclusions. The approbation of the developed soil condition indicators on the rice irrigation system of the Rice Institute of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences was carried out, which enabled to identify the main problems and specify the ways to overcome them. In the areas with meadow chestnut alkalized and meadow
{"title":"EVALUATION OF AGRO-AMELIORATIVE CONDITION OF THE MAIN TYPES OF SOILS OF RICE CROP ROTATION","authors":"V. Ushkarenko, K. Dudchenko","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-158","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of research. The most common irrigation regime for rise in the world is constant flooding. \u0000Soils of rice crop rotation undergo significant changes during the construction of rice irrigation systems, and during their operation. This leads to the formation of so-called \"rice soils\" that is the result of the transformation of full-profile soils, which were partially or completely disturbed when planning and building rice checks. Keeping the water layer in the field for 4-5 months leads to irreversible changes in the morphological, physical and chemical soil properties. Therefore, it is relevant to determine the indicators of the soil cover, taking into account the features of the soils of rice crop rotations, in order to prevent the development of degradation processes and increase the productivity of rice crop rotation. \u0000The purpose of the study is to determine the main indicators of soil cover of rice crop rotation and their testing on a rice irrigation system with an area of 190 hectares. \u0000Methods and methods of research. During the study the following methods were used: field method - to study the basic soil properties; laboratory one - to study of physical and chemical, ameliorative, agrochemical soil properties and chemical composition of irrigation, subsoil, drainage and waste water; mathematical and statistical, comparative and retrospective - to evaluate the study results of the basic soil fertility indices. \u0000The research was carried out in the area of a rice irrigation system with 8-field crop rotation, where the proportion of rice does not exceed 50%. Rice was grown in accordance with the technology of rice growing, taking into account environmental protection requirements. For the companion crops, commonly used cultivation technologies were used. The system has been operated in a project mode for 50 years. The soil cover of the investigated system is represented by dark chestnut alkalized (72.9 hectares), meadow solonetz(18.9 hectares) and meadow chestnut alkalized (75.8 hectare) soil types. \u0000Research results. On the basis of analysis of retrospective data of monitoring study of the main indicators of agro-amelioration status of soils under rice crop rotation, the indicators of soil condition for the main soil types of rice irrigation systems were determined: groundwater level, groundwater mineralization, content of light-soluble salts in arable layer, chlorine ions content in soil-water extract, toxic salt content, soil salt balance, humus content, the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen compounds, the density of upper humus layer, the content of air-dry aggregates, content of water-stable aggregates. \u0000Conclusions. The approbation of the developed soil condition indicators on the rice irrigation system of the Rice Institute of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences was carried out, which enabled to identify the main problems and specify the ways to overcome them. In the areas with meadow chestnut alkalized and meadow ","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130314190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Formulation of the problem. Irrigation is one of the priority areas of agricultural development for Ukraine. According to numerous studies, it has been determined that restoration of irrigated agriculture is a prerequisite for adapting the agricultural sector of the economy to climate change and ensuring Ukraine's food security. Dnipropetrovsk region was among the territories with the largest area of irrigated land. The vast majority of irrigation systems in the region were built in the 70-80's of the last century and operated for about 50 years, and the last reconstruction of the capital reconstruction was carried out more than 30 years ago. About 198.7 thousand hectares of irrigated land are recorded on the territory of the region, of which 163 thnd ha (82% of available capacity) are not used as irrigated. At the same time, operating systems on the area of 35,7 thnd ha (18% of available) are not working at full capacity. Under the condition of reconstruction of the internal irrigation network, it is promising to restore irrigation on an area of 80.4 thnd. ha. Research results. Irrigation of agricultural crops in the Dnipropetrovsk region occurs on the right and left bank of the Dnipro River in 18 administrative districts. An analysis of the dynamics of the change on the right-bank part indicates a trend of reduction of irrigated land by 1.3 times in 2014 as compared to the same indicator in 2004. The irrigated areas of the left-bank part of the Dnipropetrovsk region have a positive tendency to build up. The dynamics of the change in the period of 2004-2014 indicates that the irregular area is slightly but gradually increased 1.36 times.For the purpose of determining the quality of irrigation water and its suitability for irrigation by structural subdivisions subordinated to the regional office of water resources in the Dnipropetrovsk region, 130 samples were sampled at 56 stationary observation points for chemical analysis. Samples of water were selected near the main pumping stations and control basins, in the heads of main channels, from large and small rivers and ponds.The analysis of the results testifies to the threatening tendency of gradual deterioration of the quality of irrigation water. For example, in comparison with the figures for 2004 in relation to 2014, the area of irrigation with water of the 1st class decreased by 2.7 times from 16.85 thnd ha to 6.34 thnd ha. Almost stable trend has the irrigation area, which was watered with 2nd grade water, which increased by 1.35 times and, with the exception of the indicators in 2010, averaging about 12 thnd ha. The most threatening trend is the increase in areas of irrigated water that is not suitable for irrigation without the prior improvement of its physical and chemical parameters. Such territories have grown almost 3 times from 2,2 thnd ha to 6,1 thnd ha. Conclusions. The unsatisfactory technical condition of the conducting network of most canals and drainage systems, violation of
{"title":"MODERN STATE, DYNAMICS OF CHANGES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROTECHNICAL RECLAMATIONS IN DNIPROPETROVSK REGION","authors":"L. Rudakov, H. Hapich","doi":"10.31073/mivg201901-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg201901-161","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Irrigation is one of the priority areas of agricultural development for Ukraine. According to numerous studies, it has been determined that restoration of irrigated agriculture is a prerequisite for adapting the agricultural sector of the economy to climate change and ensuring Ukraine's food security. Dnipropetrovsk region was among the territories with the largest area of irrigated land. The vast majority of irrigation systems in the region were built in the 70-80's of the last century and operated for about 50 years, and the last reconstruction of the capital reconstruction was carried out more than 30 years ago. About 198.7 thousand hectares of irrigated land are recorded on the territory of the region, of which 163 thnd ha (82% of available capacity) are not used as irrigated. At the same time, operating systems on the area of 35,7 thnd ha (18% of available) are not working at full capacity. Under the condition of reconstruction of the internal irrigation network, it is promising to restore irrigation on an area of 80.4 thnd. ha. \u0000Research results. Irrigation of agricultural crops in the Dnipropetrovsk region occurs on the right and left bank of the Dnipro River in 18 administrative districts. An analysis of the dynamics of the change on the right-bank part indicates a trend of reduction of irrigated land by 1.3 times in 2014 as compared to the same indicator in 2004. The irrigated areas of the left-bank part of the Dnipropetrovsk region have a positive tendency to build up. The dynamics of the change in the period of 2004-2014 indicates that the irregular area is slightly but gradually increased 1.36 times.For the purpose of determining the quality of irrigation water and its suitability for irrigation by structural subdivisions subordinated to the regional office of water resources in the Dnipropetrovsk region, 130 samples were sampled at 56 stationary observation points for chemical analysis. Samples of water were selected near the main pumping stations and control basins, in the heads of main channels, from large and small rivers and ponds.The analysis of the results testifies to the threatening tendency of gradual deterioration of the quality of irrigation water. For example, in comparison with the figures for 2004 in relation to 2014, the area of irrigation with water of the 1st class decreased by 2.7 times from 16.85 thnd ha to 6.34 thnd ha. Almost stable trend has the irrigation area, which was watered with 2nd grade water, which increased by 1.35 times and, with the exception of the indicators in 2010, averaging about 12 thnd ha. The most threatening trend is the increase in areas of irrigated water that is not suitable for irrigation without the prior improvement of its physical and chemical parameters. Such territories have grown almost 3 times from 2,2 thnd ha to 6,1 thnd ha. \u0000Conclusions. The unsatisfactory technical condition of the conducting network of most canals and drainage systems, violation of ","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115951005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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