The physicochemical phenomena occurring on the surface of sokyrnite grains in complex system "medium grain surface - dispersion medium - surface of suspended particles" have been studied. The framework structure of the sokyrnite structure (rough surface, presence of pores and channels, entrance windows) enables it to work as a "molecular sieve" and to be a highly efficient sorbent-ion exchanger. The porosity of the filter media was determined. Namely: the porosity of the media grains (also called the internal porosity) and the porosity of the intergranular space (media layer). The internal surface area, which is an important quality parameter for sokyrnite as a physical adsorbent, was determined. Several other properties associated with sokyrnite and retained colloidal particles, which affect the strength of the physical adsorption, were investigated. The relationships characterizing the parameters of the zeolite filter media layer were formulated and given. In these studies, the requirements for determining the filter charging time and the optimal technological and design parameters of the filter, according to the operating conditions at a specific water treatment facility, were considered. They determined the need for more detailed research and development of a kinetic model for the initial stage of filtering an aqueous suspension through a filter containing zeolite media. A differential material balance expression for the zeolite filter was formulated. Based on the developed kinetic model, comparative experiments on iron removal from underground natural waters using the above-mentioned filter material were planned and carried out. The mechanism of the distribution of iron ions in the filter space due to the phenomenon of diffusion, in accordance with Fick's first law, is given. The mechanism of iron flake retention by the zeolite media pore space, the consolidation of which occurs during the transition of iron from a divalent to trivalent form, is described. The factors that interfere with autocatalytic processes in iron sediments were described. The dynamics of changes in the concentration of iron in the filtrate after the end of the ion-exchange resource of sokyrnite were studied.
{"title":"KINETIC MODEL OF THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE PROCESS OF COLLOID RETENTION BY THE PORE SPACE OF SOKYRNITE","authors":"Y. Onanko, A. Onanko","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-352","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical phenomena occurring on the surface of sokyrnite grains in complex system \"medium grain surface - dispersion medium - surface of suspended particles\" have been studied. The framework structure of the sokyrnite structure (rough surface, presence of pores and channels, entrance windows) enables it to work as a \"molecular sieve\" and to be a highly efficient sorbent-ion exchanger. The porosity of the filter media was determined. Namely: the porosity of the media grains (also called the internal porosity) and the porosity of the intergranular space (media layer). The internal surface area, which is an important quality parameter for sokyrnite as a physical adsorbent, was determined. Several other properties associated with sokyrnite and retained colloidal particles, which affect the strength of the physical adsorption, were investigated. The relationships characterizing the parameters of the zeolite filter media layer were formulated and given. In these studies, the requirements for determining the filter charging time and the optimal technological and design parameters of the filter, according to the operating conditions at a specific water treatment facility, were considered. They determined the need for more detailed research and development of a kinetic model for the initial stage of filtering an aqueous suspension through a filter containing zeolite media. A differential material balance expression for the zeolite filter was formulated. Based on the developed kinetic model, comparative experiments on iron removal from underground natural waters using the above-mentioned filter material were planned and carried out. The mechanism of the distribution of iron ions in the filter space due to the phenomenon of diffusion, in accordance with Fick's first law, is given. The mechanism of iron flake retention by the zeolite media pore space, the consolidation of which occurs during the transition of iron from a divalent to trivalent form, is described. The factors that interfere with autocatalytic processes in iron sediments were described. The dynamics of changes in the concentration of iron in the filtrate after the end of the ion-exchange resource of sokyrnite were studied.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134207561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Kaliley, A. Shatkovskyi, Ph.D. in Agricultural, Sciences
The article presents the results of experimental research on the effect of drip irrigation system designs on the formation of irrigation regimes, productivity, and efficiency of water use by sunflower hybrids. In addition, the main components of evapotranspiration were taken into account, and coefficients of water consumption (WCC), irrigation efficiency (IE), and irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) were chosen as criteria for the efficiency of drip irrigation. Short-term field research was carried out during 2020-2022 on the lands of the Brylivske experimental field of the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Kherson region, subzone of the Dry Steppe). Analytical and mathematical as well as statistical methods were used to process experimental data. The scheme of the three-factor field experiment provided various options for laying irrigation pipelines of drip irrigation systems (in the horizontal and vertical planes), as well as the implementation of a pulsed water supply mode (standard). The version with a natural moisture supply (without irrigation) was the control. The results of experimental research proved that the method of laying drip irrigation pipelines had a direct effect on the parameters of the formation of drip irrigation regimes and the productivity of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Dry Steppe. The mechanism of evapotranspiration formation of sunflower crops in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions has been determined. It was statistically proven that the application of subsoil drip irrigation with the laying of irrigation pipelines at a depth of 0.3 m and a distance between them of 1.0 m is the most appropriate for growing sunflower hybrids. This is explained by biological features, namely drought resistance of this crop. Thus, in field experiments, the variant with in-soil laying of drip irrigation pipelines provided almost identical yield (4.01-4.09 t/ha) when having lower crop water consumption coefficients (1088.7-1125.7 m3/t) and higher efficiency of irrigation water use – 2.27-2.41 kg of grain per 1 m3 of irrigation water.
本文介绍了滴灌系统设计对向日葵杂交品种灌溉制度形成、生产力和水分利用效率影响的试验研究结果。此外，考虑了蒸散的主要组成部分，选取耗水量(WCC)系数、灌溉效率(IE)系数和灌溉用水效率(WUE)系数作为滴灌效率的评判标准。2020-2022年期间，在国家农业科学院水问题与开垦研究所布里夫斯克实验田的土地上进行了短期实地研究(干草原分区科尔森地区)。采用分析、数学和统计方法对实验数据进行处理。三因素田间试验方案提供了滴灌系统灌水管道铺设(水平平面和垂直平面)的多种选择，以及脉冲供水方式(标准)的实施。有自然水分供应(没有灌溉)的版本是对照。试验研究结果表明，滴灌管道铺设方式对干旱草原条件下向日葵滴灌制度形成参数和杂交后代产量有直接影响。确定了灌溉和非灌溉条件下向日葵作物蒸散形成的机理。经统计证明，采用地下滴灌，灌溉管道铺设深度为0.3 m，管道间距为1.0 m，最适合向日葵杂交种的种植。这可以用这种作物的生物学特性，即抗旱性来解释。因此，在田间试验中，在土壤中铺设滴灌管道的品种在具有较低的作物耗水系数(1088.7-1125.7 m3/t)和较高的灌溉用水效率(2.27-2.41 kg / m3灌溉用水)的情况下，产量(4.01-4.09 t/ha)几乎相同。
{"title":"DRIP IRRIGATION REGIMES AND EFFICIENCY OF WATER USE BY SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS","authors":"V. V. Kaliley, A. Shatkovskyi, Ph.D. in Agricultural, Sciences","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-357","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of experimental research on the effect of drip irrigation system designs on the formation of irrigation regimes, productivity, and efficiency of water use by sunflower hybrids. In addition, the main components of evapotranspiration were taken into account, and coefficients of water consumption (WCC), irrigation efficiency (IE), and irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) were chosen as criteria for the efficiency of drip irrigation. Short-term field research was carried out during 2020-2022 on the lands of the Brylivske experimental field of the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Kherson region, subzone of the Dry Steppe). Analytical and mathematical as well as statistical methods were used to process experimental data. The scheme of the three-factor field experiment provided various options for laying irrigation pipelines of drip irrigation systems (in the horizontal and vertical planes), as well as the implementation of a pulsed water supply mode (standard). The version with a natural moisture supply (without irrigation) was the control. The results of experimental research proved that the method of laying drip irrigation pipelines had a direct effect on the parameters of the formation of drip irrigation regimes and the productivity of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Dry Steppe. The mechanism of evapotranspiration formation of sunflower crops in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions has been determined. It was statistically proven that the application of subsoil drip irrigation with the laying of irrigation pipelines at a depth of 0.3 m and a distance between them of 1.0 m is the most appropriate for growing sunflower hybrids. This is explained by biological features, namely drought resistance of this crop. Thus, in field experiments, the variant with in-soil laying of drip irrigation pipelines provided almost identical yield (4.01-4.09 t/ha) when having lower crop water consumption coefficients (1088.7-1125.7 m3/t) and higher efficiency of irrigation water use – 2.27-2.41 kg of grain per 1 m3 of irrigation water.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127523431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The solution of the problem of increasing water regulation areas in the Polissia zone of Ukraine requires investigation and development of new, more effective methods for determining structural parameters of drainage systems when developing projects for their reconstruction in accordance with the requirements aimed at ensuring water regulation during systems’ operation. The paper considers the problem of improving the efficiency of water regulation on dual-action drainage systems by using mathematical modelling tools to determine the structural parameters of the systems and the parameters of their operational management. The proposed means are based on the use of Richards equation stated in terms of water head. As a tool for scenario modelling, an initial-boundary value problem of modelling moisture transfer on dual-action systems is formulated and a finite-difference scheme for obtaining its numerical solution is given. We consider the problem of determining the depth of drains installation and the distance between them at which the system provides not only the drainage of soil’s surface layer, but also the maintenance of its moisture supply level in a given range with a minimum need for irrigation during the growing season. The algorithm for solving such a problem is presented. It is based on the construction of a set of admissible values of system’s parameters using, in particular, the bisection method, followed by the minimization of an objective function on this set. Under the conditions when the implementation of underground water supply technology is economically impractical, the possibility of supplementing the drainage system with an irrigation system is considered. In this case, the cost of building a drainage system and an additional irrigation system is a criterion for the optimality of system’s parameters. Additionally, we consider the problem of operational management of water regulation, i.e., the determination, given the initial distribution of moisture, of the optimal control influences necessary to ensure an acceptable level of moisture availability during a given period of time. This minimization problem is proposed to be solved by a genetic algorithm. The results of modelling the operation of a dual-action system and the optimization of its parameters under the conditions of drained peat soils of the Panfyly Research Station (Ukraine, Kyiv region) are presented.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF WATER REGULATION PROCESSES ON DUAL-ACTION DRAINAGE SYSTEMS","authors":"M. Romashchenko, Vsevolod Bohaienko","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-360","url":null,"abstract":"The solution of the problem of increasing water regulation areas in the Polissia zone of Ukraine requires investigation and development of new, more effective methods for determining structural parameters of drainage systems when developing projects for their reconstruction in accordance with the requirements aimed at ensuring water regulation during systems’ operation. The paper considers the problem of improving the efficiency of water regulation on dual-action drainage systems by using mathematical modelling tools to determine the structural parameters of the systems and the parameters of their operational management. The proposed means are based on the use of Richards equation stated in terms of water head. As a tool for scenario modelling, an initial-boundary value problem of modelling moisture transfer on dual-action systems is formulated and a finite-difference scheme for obtaining its numerical solution is given. We consider the problem of determining the depth of drains installation and the distance between them at which the system provides not only the drainage of soil’s surface layer, but also the maintenance of its moisture supply level in a given range with a minimum need for irrigation during the growing season. The algorithm for solving such a problem is presented. It is based on the construction of a set of admissible values of system’s parameters using, in particular, the bisection method, followed by the minimization of an objective function on this set. Under the conditions when the implementation of underground water supply technology is economically impractical, the possibility of supplementing the drainage system with an irrigation system is considered. In this case, the cost of building a drainage system and an additional irrigation system is a criterion for the optimality of system’s parameters. Additionally, we consider the problem of operational management of water regulation, i.e., the determination, given the initial distribution of moisture, of the optimal control influences necessary to ensure an acceptable level of moisture availability during a given period of time. This minimization problem is proposed to be solved by a genetic algorithm. The results of modelling the operation of a dual-action system and the optimization of its parameters under the conditions of drained peat soils of the Panfyly Research Station (Ukraine, Kyiv region) are presented.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129949378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of experimental research on the influence of micro-irrigation system designs on the water regime, productivity, and efficiency of sunflower cultivation. Based on this, the main economic parameters of agrotechnologies of sunflower cultivation were calculated. Short-term field research was carried out in the period 2020-2022 on the lands of the Brylivske experimental field of the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (Kherson Region, Dry Steppe subzone). Analytical and statistical methods were used to process experimental data. The scheme of field experiments provided different options for laying irrigation pipelines of micro-irrigation systems (in the horizontal and vertical planes) and the implementation of a pulsed water supply mode (standard). The control was the variant without irrigation. According to the results of experimental studies, it was proved that the method of laying irrigation pipelines of micro-irrigation systems significantly affects the parameters of the formation of the soil water regime and the yield of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Dry Steppe. It has been established that the introduction of subsurface drip irrigation is more appropriate than the cultivation of sunflower hybrids, which is explained by the drought resistance of this crop. When growing sunflowers, the variant with the subsurface laying of drip irrigation pipelines provided almost identical yield parameters at lower plant water consumption coefficients. The minimum water consumption coefficient (1077,8 m3/t) was obtained by implementing the pulse water supply mode. The highest economic parameters of agricultural technology for growing sunflower hybrids were obtained with the subsurface drip irrigation: conditionally net profit (17,11-18,17 thousand UAH/ha), lower cost (11,03-10,90 thousand UAH/ton), and also a higher level of production profitability (31,10-32,62%) (laying irrigation pipelines every 1,0 m, regardless of the sunflower hybrid). Due to the higher grain yield and specific savings of irrigation water in the pulse mode of water supply, the highest economic parameters were achieved: gross income amounted to 80,51 thousand UAH/ha, conditionally net profit – 21,24 thousand UAH/ha, cost of 1 ton of grain - UAH 10,6 thousand and the level of profitability of production – 35,8%.
{"title":"WATER REGIME AND EFFICIENCY OF GROWING SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON THE ELEMENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY","authors":"V. V. Kaliley, A. Shatkovskyi","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-343","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of experimental research on the influence of micro-irrigation system designs on the water regime, productivity, and efficiency of sunflower cultivation. Based on this, the main economic parameters of agrotechnologies of sunflower cultivation were calculated. Short-term field research was carried out in the period 2020-2022 on the lands of the Brylivske experimental field of the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (Kherson Region, Dry Steppe subzone). Analytical and statistical methods were used to process experimental data. The scheme of field experiments provided different options for laying irrigation pipelines of micro-irrigation systems (in the horizontal and vertical planes) and the implementation of a pulsed water supply mode (standard). The control was the variant without irrigation. According to the results of experimental studies, it was proved that the method of laying irrigation pipelines of micro-irrigation systems significantly affects the parameters of the formation of the soil water regime and the yield of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Dry Steppe. It has been established that the introduction of subsurface drip irrigation is more appropriate than the cultivation of sunflower hybrids, which is explained by the drought resistance of this crop. When growing sunflowers, the variant with the subsurface laying of drip irrigation pipelines provided almost identical yield parameters at lower plant water consumption coefficients. \u0000The minimum water consumption coefficient (1077,8 m3/t) was obtained by implementing the pulse water supply mode. The highest economic parameters of agricultural technology for growing sunflower hybrids were obtained with the subsurface drip irrigation: conditionally net profit (17,11-18,17 thousand UAH/ha), lower cost (11,03-10,90 thousand UAH/ton), and also a higher level of production profitability (31,10-32,62%) (laying irrigation pipelines every 1,0 m, regardless of the sunflower hybrid). Due to the higher grain yield and specific savings of irrigation water in the pulse mode of water supply, the highest economic parameters were achieved: gross income amounted to 80,51 thousand UAH/ha, conditionally net profit – 21,24 thousand UAH/ha, cost of 1 ton of grain - UAH 10,6 thousand and the level of profitability of production – 35,8%.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124711981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a result of Russian military aggression in the south-eastern region of Ukraine, water supply pipes and structures of centralized water supply systems were destroyed, and therefore water supply was practically stopped. The solution to the problem can be the use of mobile water treatment stations which use local sources of water: canals, lakes, ponds, or underground water. A feature of water treatment technologies in the field is the need to reliably ensure the process of water disinfection. Existing water disinfection technologies have low efficiency, taking into account the growing number of chlorine-resistant microorganisms, therefore, the implementation of alternative methods of disinfection during water treatment is urgent. One of these methods is liquid disinfection by electric current discharge. The results of the research on disinfection of different types of surface water in Kyiv and water contaminated with E. coli (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) are described. The research was carried out on a laboratory setup with a circulation pump and an ejector-type reactor with integrated electrodes where a water-air mixture is formed through which an electric discharge passes. The discharges initiate the formation of various highly reactive chemicals such as radicals (OH•, H•, O•) and molecules (H2O2, H2, O2, O3). All physical and chemical processes that occur during discharge ensure the formation and action of short-term radicals and relatively long-term oxidants. The study of the influence of the concentration of microorganisms on the speed and completeness of water disinfection was carried out on technical (tap) water with the addition of washings from two tubes with test culture to the reaction tank, which provided the initial concentration of E. coli equal to 3.4∙106 CFU/cm3. Water treatment for 30 seconds reduced the number of microorganisms to 5.4∙104 CFU/cm3. After 1 minute of treatment this indicator decreased to 1.7∙102 and after 3 minutes the value of 5.2 CFU/cm3 was recorded in the samples, that is, the treated water had indicators of practically pure water. Experiments have proven the effectiveness of plasma disinfection for liquids with high concentration of microorganisms.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF WATER DISINFECTION PROCESSES USING PULSE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE","authors":"Ye. M. Matselyuk, D. Charny, V. D. Levitska","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-340","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of Russian military aggression in the south-eastern region of Ukraine, water supply pipes and structures of centralized water supply systems were destroyed, and therefore water supply was practically stopped. The solution to the problem can be the use of mobile water treatment stations which use local sources of water: canals, lakes, ponds, or underground water. A feature of water treatment technologies in the field is the need to reliably ensure the process of water disinfection. Existing water disinfection technologies have low efficiency, taking into account the growing number of chlorine-resistant microorganisms, therefore, the implementation of alternative methods of disinfection during water treatment is urgent. One of these methods is liquid disinfection by electric current discharge. The results of the research on disinfection of different types of surface water in Kyiv and water contaminated with E. coli (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) are described. The research was carried out on a laboratory setup with a circulation pump and an ejector-type reactor with integrated electrodes where a water-air mixture is formed through which an electric discharge passes. The discharges initiate the formation of various highly reactive chemicals such as radicals (OH•, H•, O•) and molecules (H2O2, H2, O2, O3). All physical and chemical processes that occur during discharge ensure the formation and action of short-term radicals and relatively long-term oxidants. The study of the influence of the concentration of microorganisms on the speed and completeness of water disinfection was carried out on technical (tap) water with the addition of washings from two tubes with test culture to the reaction tank, which provided the initial concentration of E. coli equal to 3.4∙106 CFU/cm3. Water treatment for 30 seconds reduced the number of microorganisms to 5.4∙104 CFU/cm3. After 1 minute of treatment this indicator decreased to 1.7∙102 and after 3 minutes the value of 5.2 CFU/cm3 was recorded in the samples, that is, the treated water had indicators of practically pure water. Experiments have proven the effectiveness of plasma disinfection for liquids with high concentration of microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most stormwater infrastructures are aging and deteriorating in the United States. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) announced in its 2021 Report Card for America's Infrastructure that stormwater infrastructure has received a 'D' grade. The primary study objective is to help decision-makers deal effectively with the control measures of the limited-budgeted, ambiguous and inconsistently applied operation and maintenance of stormwater infrastructures. A five-dimensional assessment model for operation and maintenance of stormwater control measures (5D-SAM) was developed, including location, quality, time/quantity, cost, and environmental aspects. The model is very effective in helping decision-makers identify the current stormwater infrastructure conditions, predict the future state, manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost-effective manner. It helps determine whether a distressed stormwater system is beneficial to be demolished or it would be cost-effective to either repair, rehabilitate or retrofit. Moreover, the model can be utilized for fast and accurate assessment and better resource allocation for strategic planning of stormwater infrastructures.
{"title":"FIVE-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER CONTROL MEASURES - TOOL FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT","authors":"M. Askar, M. Islam","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-335","url":null,"abstract":"Most stormwater infrastructures are aging and deteriorating in the United States. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) announced in its 2021 Report Card for America's Infrastructure that stormwater infrastructure has received a 'D' grade. The primary study objective is to help decision-makers deal effectively with the control measures of the limited-budgeted, ambiguous and inconsistently applied operation and maintenance of stormwater infrastructures. A five-dimensional assessment model for operation and maintenance of stormwater control measures (5D-SAM) was developed, including location, quality, time/quantity, cost, and environmental aspects. The model is very effective in helping decision-makers identify the current stormwater infrastructure conditions, predict the future state, manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost-effective manner. It helps determine whether a distressed stormwater system is beneficial to be demolished or it would be cost-effective to either repair, rehabilitate or retrofit. Moreover, the model can be utilized for fast and accurate assessment and better resource allocation for strategic planning of stormwater infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124326992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Romashchenko, D. Savchuk, A. Shevchenko, O. Babitska, O. Kharlamov, I. Kotykovych
The system of protecting territories from the harmful effects of water using vertical drainage in the zone of the North Crimean Canal of the Kherson region was considered and the proposals for its improvement by creating additional horizontal drainage systems with gravity drainage were substantiated. Field drainage studies were carried out at 8 research and production sites with a total area of 4763 hectares and a term of operation of 48-55 years and more. The conducted studies included surveying the drainage in the areas, measuring the drainage flow and the depth of groundwater levels, and determining work efficiency. The research covered the settlements: Chornyanka, Nova Mayachka, Stara Mayachka, Podo-Kalynivka, Tarasivka, Velyki Kopani, Kalanchak, and Skadovsk, for the protection of which 119 water intake wells with a depth of 26-70 m were installed. It is shown that vertical drainage is effective during the whole operation and periods of selective work when the groundwater levels were at depths of 2-3 m and 1-2 m, respectively. To ensure reliable protection of territories from waterlogging and flooding in current conditions due to the impossibility and economic impracticability of restoring the operation of all existing vertical drainage wells, it is proposed to supplement the existing protection systems based on it with systems of closed horizontal drainage of the gravity type with low-sloping and non-sloping drainage. The area of additional horizontal drainage is about 40 thousand hectares, the estimated length of the collector and drainage network is 456 km, and the depth of laying drains and collectors is 2,5-11,0 m.
{"title":"PROTECTION OF TERRITORIES FROM WATERLOGGING IN THE ZONE OF THE NORTH CRIMEAN CANAL OF KHERSON REGION AND WAYS TO IMPROVE IT","authors":"M. Romashchenko, D. Savchuk, A. Shevchenko, O. Babitska, O. Kharlamov, I. Kotykovych","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-342","url":null,"abstract":"The system of protecting territories from the harmful effects of water using vertical drainage in the zone of the North Crimean Canal of the Kherson region was considered and the proposals for its improvement by creating additional horizontal drainage systems with gravity drainage were substantiated. Field drainage studies were carried out at 8 research and production sites with a total area of 4763 hectares and a term of operation of 48-55 years and more. The conducted studies included surveying the drainage in the areas, measuring the drainage flow and the depth of groundwater levels, and determining work efficiency. The research covered the settlements: Chornyanka, Nova Mayachka, Stara Mayachka, Podo-Kalynivka, Tarasivka, Velyki Kopani, Kalanchak, and Skadovsk, for the protection of which 119 water intake wells with a depth of 26-70 m were installed. It is shown that vertical drainage is effective during the whole operation and periods of selective work when the groundwater levels were at depths of 2-3 m and 1-2 m, respectively. To ensure reliable protection of territories from waterlogging and flooding in current conditions due to the impossibility and economic impracticability of restoring the operation of all existing vertical drainage wells, it is proposed to supplement the existing protection systems based on it with systems of closed horizontal drainage of the gravity type with low-sloping and non-sloping drainage. The area of additional horizontal drainage is about 40 thousand hectares, the estimated length of the collector and drainage network is 456 km, and the depth of laying drains and collectors is 2,5-11,0 m.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117344740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shatkovskyi, M. Romashchenko, O. Zhuravlov, S. V. Riabkov, Y. O. Cherevychnyi, O. Hulenko
The purpose of the research was to improve and substantiate the parameters of the drip irrigation regimes for crops in the Steppe of Ukraine. Field studies were carried out at the Kamyansko-Dniprovska experimental station (47046' N 34042' E), the Brylivska experimental station (46040' N 33012' E) and the Southern research station (46033' N 33059' E) from 2004 to 2021 on 11 crops. The research scheme assumed the implementation of a one-factor experiments’ series with different levels of soil humidification, the control was the variant without irrigation. At the first stage, the mathematical dependencies "Soil moisture level (SML) –Number of vegetation irrigations" and "SML–Irrigation rate" were obtained for all crops. The establishment of correlations between the evapotranspiration of crops and their productivity is the result of the work. Based on this, were built the dependencies (statistical models) "Evapotranspiration–Productivity" and the most optimal options for using water were determined in terms of its costs for the formation of products for the drip irrigation of the Steppe of Ukraine. The given dependencies are reaction curves for a one-factor experiment, they consist of three areas: limiting, stationary and excessive. Correlation coefficients r=0,92-0,98 indicate a close relationship between these parameters. Established relationships "Evapotranspiration–Yield" from an agro biological point of view are not stable since there are potential opportunities for increasing yields with the same evapotranspiration. It has been established that the optimal moisture range for drip irrigation of most crops is a narrow range of soil moisture suction pressure of -9 to -15 kPa. This involves irrigation with small rates (50-75 m3/ha) while reducing the inter-irrigation periods. Under such conditions, the ratio of actual transpiration (Тс) to potential (То) approaches 1 (≈ 0,83-0,87), which characterizes the water supply of plants as close to optimal.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF DRIP IRRIGATION REGIMES FOR CROPS IN THE STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"A. Shatkovskyi, M. Romashchenko, O. Zhuravlov, S. V. Riabkov, Y. O. Cherevychnyi, O. Hulenko","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-338","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was to improve and substantiate the parameters of the drip irrigation regimes for crops in the Steppe of Ukraine. Field studies were carried out at the Kamyansko-Dniprovska experimental station (47046' N 34042' E), the Brylivska experimental station (46040' N 33012' E) and the Southern research station (46033' N 33059' E) from 2004 to 2021 on 11 crops. The research scheme assumed the implementation of a one-factor experiments’ series with different levels of soil humidification, the control was the variant without irrigation. \u0000At the first stage, the mathematical dependencies \"Soil moisture level (SML) –Number of vegetation irrigations\" and \"SML–Irrigation rate\" were obtained for all crops. The establishment of correlations between the evapotranspiration of crops and their productivity is the result of the work. Based on this, were built the dependencies (statistical models) \"Evapotranspiration–Productivity\" and the most optimal options for using water were determined in terms of its costs for the formation of products for the drip irrigation of the Steppe of Ukraine. The given dependencies are reaction curves for a one-factor experiment, they consist of three areas: limiting, stationary and excessive. Correlation coefficients r=0,92-0,98 indicate a close relationship between these parameters. Established relationships \"Evapotranspiration–Yield\" from an agro biological point of view are not stable since there are potential opportunities for increasing yields with the same evapotranspiration. It has been established that the optimal moisture range for drip irrigation of most crops is a narrow range of soil moisture suction pressure of -9 to -15 kPa. This involves irrigation with small rates (50-75 m3/ha) while reducing the inter-irrigation periods. Under such conditions, the ratio of actual transpiration (Тс) to potential (То) approaches 1 (≈ 0,83-0,87), which characterizes the water supply of plants as close to optimal.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. O. Tararico, M. Zosymchuk, M. Stetsiuk, O. Zosymchuk, V. Lukashuk, Y. Soroka
Modern climatic changes, namely significant warming in the northern Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones of Ukraine, provide opportunities for growing a number of grain and leguminous crops (maize for grain, soybeans, sunflower, and others), previously unusual for this region. Among the above-mentioned crops, soybean is a crop that can significantly improve the nitrogen balance of the soil without the use of mineral fertilizers; its cultivation to some extent can be an alternative to expensive nitrogen fertilizers because, under the condition of inoculation, soybean can leave up to 80 kg/ha of biological nitrogen, which equivalent to 300 kg of ammonium nitrate, which is enough for forming decent harvest of winter wheat or corn. The analysis of meteorological data shows that when having the current amount of heat supply during the growing season in the Western Polissia zone, it is possible to grow ultra-early and early-ripening soybean varieties with a duration of the growing season of up to 90-100 days and a required number of heat units - up to 2400-2500 CHU. It was established that the main factor limiting the cultivation of soybeans on the peat soils of the Western Polissia zone is a significantly shorter frost-free period (compared to the adjacent sod-podzolic soils on dry land). Therefore, for growing on peat soils, it is necessary to choose ultra-early varieties of soybeans with a growing season of up to 85 days and the required number of heat units - up to 2400-2500 CHU. That will allow obtaining physiologically ripe seeds before the onset of the first autumn frosts, which in some years can already occur in the first decade of September. On peat soils, the yield of the Yunka soybean variety by the variants of the experiment ranged from 15,1-24,8 t/ha, while on the adjacent sod-podzolic light loamy soils it was 30,3-46,8 t/ha. The reason for the significantly lower soybean yield on peat soils is a short frost-free period compared to sod-podzolic soils, which did not allow the studied varieties to fully realize their potential for 2 years in a row. The research has established that on sod-podzolic light loamy soils of the Western Polissia zone, under favorable conditions, the yield of such ultra-early and early-ripening soybean varieties as Yunka and Astor of the Sevita genetics selection (Canada) can be up to 45,0-46,8 t/ha. The use of Rizofix inoculant in a combination with Rice Pi phosphorus-mobilizing product allows increasing the productivity of soybeans to 6,7-7,0 t/ha. Additional profit from their use is about 8-8,3 thousand hryvnias from 1 ha.
{"title":"PROSPECTS OF SOYBEAN GROWING IN THE WESTERN POLISSIA ZONE","authors":"Yu. O. Tararico, M. Zosymchuk, M. Stetsiuk, O. Zosymchuk, V. Lukashuk, Y. Soroka","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-347","url":null,"abstract":"Modern climatic changes, namely significant warming in the northern Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones of Ukraine, provide opportunities for growing a number of grain and leguminous crops (maize for grain, soybeans, sunflower, and others), previously unusual for this region. Among the above-mentioned crops, soybean is a crop that can significantly improve the nitrogen balance of the soil without the use of mineral fertilizers; its cultivation to some extent can be an alternative to expensive nitrogen fertilizers because, under the condition of inoculation, soybean can leave up to 80 kg/ha of biological nitrogen, which equivalent to 300 kg of ammonium nitrate, which is enough for forming decent harvest of winter wheat or corn. The analysis of meteorological data shows that when having the current amount of heat supply during the growing season in the Western Polissia zone, it is possible to grow ultra-early and early-ripening soybean varieties with a duration of the growing season of up to 90-100 days and a required number of heat units - up to 2400-2500 CHU. It was established that the main factor limiting the cultivation of soybeans on the peat soils of the Western Polissia zone is a significantly shorter frost-free period (compared to the adjacent sod-podzolic soils on dry land). Therefore, for growing on peat soils, it is necessary to choose ultra-early varieties of soybeans with a growing season of up to 85 days and the required number of heat units - up to 2400-2500 CHU. That will allow obtaining physiologically ripe seeds before the onset of the first autumn frosts, which in some years can already occur in the first decade of September. On peat soils, the yield of the Yunka soybean variety by the variants of the experiment ranged from 15,1-24,8 t/ha, while on the adjacent sod-podzolic light loamy soils it was 30,3-46,8 t/ha. The reason for the significantly lower soybean yield on peat soils is a short frost-free period compared to sod-podzolic soils, which did not allow the studied varieties to fully realize their potential for 2 years in a row. The research has established that on sod-podzolic light loamy soils of the Western Polissia zone, under favorable conditions, the yield of such ultra-early and early-ripening soybean varieties as Yunka and Astor of the Sevita genetics selection (Canada) can be up to 45,0-46,8 t/ha. The use of Rizofix inoculant in a combination with Rice Pi phosphorus-mobilizing product allows increasing the productivity of soybeans to 6,7-7,0 t/ha. Additional profit from their use is about 8-8,3 thousand hryvnias from 1 ha.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133660356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Romashchenko, L. Kuzmych, R. Saidak, T. Matiash, O. Muzyka
The necessity and the basic directions of the scientific vision of further reforming the systems of water resources and land reclamation management are determined. The need for such a reform is dictated by the fact that, despite the adoption on October 4, 2016, by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Implementing Integrated Approaches to Basin Management" and a number of by-laws, the system of water management and land reclamation management in Ukraine still remains virtually unreformed since post-Soviet times as two mutually exclusive functions remain in this system: the water management function and the land reclamation management function. Moreover, the statutory grounds for the introduction of integrated basin management have been deliberately used to eliminate economic entities which managed reclamation infrastructure, which has made it much more difficult to separate the above-mentioned functions, as required by Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe “On establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy”, the implementation of which into Ukrainian law is a mandatory task under the Association Agreement with the EU. Recent adoption (on February 17, 2022) by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law “On Organization of Water Users and Stimulation of Hydrotechnical Land Reclamation” was confirmed by the President of Ukraine on May 6, 2022. It is an important step towards reforming the water management as for the first time in Ukraine the law introduces a new organizational and legal form for the management of reclamation systems, namely water user organizations. But this Law does not address the main issue of the reform - the separation of the above-mentioned functions. Therefore, the success of further reforming of the systems of water resources and land reclamation management will directly depend not on the speed of development and adoption of bylaws to the Law “On Organization of Water Users and Stimulation of Hydrotechnical Land Reclamation”. It will depend on the earliest possible adoption of the “Concept of reforming the water management system of Ukraine” by the Government of Ukraine, the project of which was prepared and approved by all interested ministries and departments in 2019, but was deliberately blocked by then leaders of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine. Therefore, the work on reforming the systems of water resources and land reclamation management is unsystematic and, in many cases, the practical steps being implemented, especially in improving the structure of the State Agency Water Resources of Ukraine, are mostly destructive. Minimizing their negative impact will require considerable efforts and time. This article aims at scientific substantiation of the list and sequence of measures, including at the legislative level, the implementation of which will bring the systems of water r
{"title":"SOME ASPECTS OF REFORMING THE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND EFFICIENT USE OF RECLAIMED LANDS IN UKRAINE","authors":"M. Romashchenko, L. Kuzmych, R. Saidak, T. Matiash, O. Muzyka","doi":"10.31073/mivg202202-341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-341","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity and the basic directions of the scientific vision of further reforming the systems of water resources and land reclamation management are determined. The need for such a reform is dictated by the fact that, despite the adoption on October 4, 2016, by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law \"On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Implementing Integrated Approaches to Basin Management\" and a number of by-laws, the system of water management and land reclamation management in Ukraine still remains virtually unreformed since post-Soviet times as two mutually exclusive functions remain in this system: the water management function and the land reclamation management function. Moreover, the statutory grounds for the introduction of integrated basin management have been deliberately used to eliminate economic entities which managed reclamation infrastructure, which has made it much more difficult to separate the above-mentioned functions, as required by Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe “On establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy”, the implementation of which into Ukrainian law is a mandatory task under the Association Agreement with the EU. Recent adoption (on February 17, 2022) by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law “On Organization of Water Users and Stimulation of Hydrotechnical Land Reclamation” was confirmed by the President of Ukraine on May 6, 2022. It is an important step towards reforming the water management as for the first time in Ukraine the law introduces a new organizational and legal form for the management of reclamation systems, namely water user organizations. But this Law does not address the main issue of the reform - the separation of the above-mentioned functions. Therefore, the success of further reforming of the systems of water resources and land reclamation management will directly depend not on the speed of development and adoption of bylaws to the Law “On Organization of Water Users and Stimulation of Hydrotechnical Land Reclamation”. It will depend on the earliest possible adoption of the “Concept of reforming the water management system of Ukraine” by the Government of Ukraine, the project of which was prepared and approved by all interested ministries and departments in 2019, but was deliberately blocked by then leaders of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine. Therefore, the work on reforming the systems of water resources and land reclamation management is unsystematic and, in many cases, the practical steps being implemented, especially in improving the structure of the State Agency Water Resources of Ukraine, are mostly destructive. Minimizing their negative impact will require considerable efforts and time. \u0000This article aims at scientific substantiation of the list and sequence of measures, including at the legislative level, the implementation of which will bring the systems of water r","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116053769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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