Since the first introduction of foreign enterprise in 1988, foreign direct investment(FDI) in Tibet has been continuously increasing because of distinctive geographic location, great resource advantage, many featured industries and huge development potentials of Tibet. But there still exist some problems with the utilization of FDI in Tibet. Based on this, the paper analyzes the potentials of further utilization of FDI in Tibet and provides some countermeasures and suggestions for improving utilization of FDI and enhancing the harmonious development between FDI and Tibet’s economy, resources and environment.
{"title":"Research on the Potentials and Countermeasures of the Utilization of Foreign Direct Investment in Tibet of China","authors":"Zhu Ruixue, Xiao Yang, Xie Ningyu","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first introduction of foreign enterprise in 1988, foreign direct investment(FDI) in Tibet has been continuously increasing because of distinctive geographic location, great resource advantage, many featured industries and huge development potentials of Tibet. But there still exist some problems with the utilization of FDI in Tibet. Based on this, the paper analyzes the potentials of further utilization of FDI in Tibet and provides some countermeasures and suggestions for improving utilization of FDI and enhancing the harmonious development between FDI and Tibet’s economy, resources and environment.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115599721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article raises an issue on the differences between the production and retail networks. Taking an account of a network internationalization, these differences become even more profound. Paper provides a literature overview of the scientific approaches to differentiate and typologize the periods of retail internationalization in Europe, as well as the strategies adopted by the respective retail chains. The study provides a comparative analysis of the development process of retail networks in different groups of European countries, with an emphasis on internationalization processes. Results of a comparative study suggest that the Russian retail market in still being at the stage of a rapid development featuring a highly heterogeneous spatial dispersion of retail chains and a diversity of trade formats. The inward internationalization as well as intra-regional networking is rather underdeveloped, while the outward internationalization of the national retail chains requires an active participation in the global distribution channels.
{"title":"Development Features of Retail Chains in Russia: a Comparative Study of Europe","authors":"Bolychev Oleg Nikolaevich","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Article raises an issue on the differences between the production and retail networks. Taking an account of a network internationalization, these differences become even more profound. Paper provides a literature overview of the scientific approaches to differentiate and typologize the periods of retail internationalization in Europe, as well as the strategies adopted by the respective retail chains. The study provides a comparative analysis of the development process of retail networks in different groups of European countries, with an emphasis on internationalization processes. Results of a comparative study suggest that the Russian retail market in still being at the stage of a rapid development featuring a highly heterogeneous spatial dispersion of retail chains and a diversity of trade formats. The inward internationalization as well as intra-regional networking is rather underdeveloped, while the outward internationalization of the national retail chains requires an active participation in the global distribution channels.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130144824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The investigation of the possibility of a significant difference existing in the parametric and nonparametric bootstrap methods on external sector statistics, and establishing the sample data distribution using the smooth bootstrap is the focus of this study. The root mean square error (RMSE) and the kernel density will be used on the test statistic θ in the determination of such difference. Establishing this difference will lead to more detailed study to discover reasons for such difference. This will also aid the Nigeria economy to aim at improving the performance of the external sector statistics (ESS). The study used secondary data from Central bank of Nigeria (1983-2012). Analysis was carried out using R-statistical package. In the course of the analysis, 17280 scenarios were replicated 200 times. The result shows a significant difference between the performances of the parametric and nonparametric smooth bootstrap methods, namely; wild and pairwise bootstrap respectively. The significantly better performance of the wild bootstrap indicate the possible use of this technique in assessment of comparative performance of ESS with a view to further understanding the better performers in order to identify factors contributing to such better performance. Also, when the sample size and the bootstrap level are very high, the smooth bootstrap or kernel density estimates outperform the pair wise bootstrap notwithstanding that they are nonparametric methods. The kernel density plots revealed that the sampling distribution of the ESS was found to be a Chi-square distribution and was confirmed by the smooth bootstrap methods.
{"title":"Smooth Bootstrap Methods on External Sector Statistics","authors":"K. AchaChigozie, A. AchaIkechukwu","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of the possibility of a significant difference existing in the parametric and nonparametric bootstrap methods on external sector statistics, and establishing the sample data distribution using the smooth bootstrap is the focus of this study. The root mean square error (RMSE) and the kernel density will be used on the test statistic θ in the determination of such difference. Establishing this difference will lead to more detailed study to discover reasons for such difference. This will also aid the Nigeria economy to aim at improving the performance of the external sector statistics (ESS). The study used secondary data from Central bank of Nigeria (1983-2012). Analysis was carried out using R-statistical package. In the course of the analysis, 17280 scenarios were replicated 200 times. The result shows a significant difference between the performances of the parametric and nonparametric smooth bootstrap methods, namely; wild and pairwise bootstrap respectively. The significantly better performance of the wild bootstrap indicate the possible use of this technique in assessment of comparative performance of ESS with a view to further understanding the better performers in order to identify factors contributing to such better performance. Also, when the sample size and the bootstrap level are very high, the smooth bootstrap or kernel density estimates outperform the pair wise bootstrap notwithstanding that they are nonparametric methods. The kernel density plots revealed that the sampling distribution of the ESS was found to be a Chi-square distribution and was confirmed by the smooth bootstrap methods.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131819775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article defines the market volumes of knowledge in industrial regions of the Russian Federation for the period of 2000-2010; formulates the periodization of the knowledge market development in Russian with the indication of the volume ranges of knowledge market values; defines tendencies of development of the explicit and implicit knowledge market in industrialized federal subjects of the Russian Federation. Empirical research of knowledge market in Russian industrial regions is carried out; recommendations on the development of explicit and implicit knowledge markets are given. The analysis is based on data provided by the Russian official statistics office, ROSSTAT, methodological documents of ROSSTAT, statistical data of National research University "Higher school of Economics". The market analysis of the knowledge carried out on three levels: the macro-level, the level of the Russian industrial regions as meso-level, regional industrial enterprises as micro-level of the research. The indicator "expenses on technological innovations" is used in the study as the main indicator of the functioning of the knowledge management system in the organization.
{"title":"Management of Explicit and Implicit Knowledge in Industrial Regions of the Russian Federation for the Period 2000 - 2010","authors":"Gumerova Gjusel Isaevna, Shaymieva Elmira Shamilevna","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines the market volumes of knowledge in industrial regions of the Russian Federation for the period of 2000-2010; formulates the periodization of the knowledge market development in Russian with the indication of the volume ranges of knowledge market values; defines tendencies of development of the explicit and implicit knowledge market in industrialized federal subjects of the Russian Federation. Empirical research of knowledge market in Russian industrial regions is carried out; recommendations on the development of explicit and implicit knowledge markets are given. The analysis is based on data provided by the Russian official statistics office, ROSSTAT, methodological documents of ROSSTAT, statistical data of National research University \"Higher school of Economics\". The market analysis of the knowledge carried out on three levels: the macro-level, the level of the Russian industrial regions as meso-level, regional industrial enterprises as micro-level of the research. The indicator \"expenses on technological innovations\" is used in the study as the main indicator of the functioning of the knowledge management system in the organization.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130727072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, our objective is to study the intensity of dependence between six non-energy commodity sectors in a bivariate context. Our methodology is to chose, in a first step, the appropriate copula flowing Akaike criteria. In a second step, we aim to calculate the dependence coefficients (Kendall’s tau, Spearman’s rho and tail dependence) using filtered data by the AR(1)-GARCH(1.1) model to study the dependence between the extreme events. Empirical results show that dependence between non-energy commodity markets increases during volatile periods but they offer many opportunities to investors to diversify their portfolio and reduce their degree of risk aversion in bearish market periods.
{"title":"Dependence between Non-Energy Commodity Sectors Using Time-Varying Extreme Value Copula Methods","authors":"Zayneb Attaf, Ahmed Ghorbel, Y. Boujelbene","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, our objective is to study the intensity of dependence between six non-energy commodity sectors in a bivariate context. Our methodology is to chose, in a first step, the appropriate copula flowing Akaike criteria. In a second step, we aim to calculate the dependence coefficients (Kendall’s tau, Spearman’s rho and tail dependence) using filtered data by the AR(1)-GARCH(1.1) model to study the dependence between the extreme events. Empirical results show that dependence between non-energy commodity markets increases during volatile periods but they offer many opportunities to investors to diversify their portfolio and reduce their degree of risk aversion in bearish market periods.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122967922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The methodical approach to the analysis of the spatial differentiation of conditions and factors in the development of innovative mesoeconomic systems (clusters) based on multi-dimensional classification of the resulting indicators in subspaces of overall economic efficiency of development of regions of the Russian Federation, the effectiveness of individual activities, the degree of development of small business and innovation indicators for regional development. The system of informative indicators for grouping regions on the resulting system gauges. In the resulting typologies tested the hypothesis of statistical significance of differences of quality characteristics of the institutional environment, the influence of factors of urbanization, etc.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Conditions for the Formation of Innovation Clusters in Russian Regions: Mathematical and Statistical Approach","authors":"M. Yagolnitser","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"The methodical approach to the analysis of the spatial differentiation of conditions and factors in the development of innovative mesoeconomic systems (clusters) based on multi-dimensional classification of the resulting indicators in subspaces of overall economic efficiency of development of regions of the Russian Federation, the effectiveness of individual activities, the degree of development of small business and innovation indicators for regional development. The system of informative indicators for grouping regions on the resulting system gauges. In the resulting typologies tested the hypothesis of statistical significance of differences of quality characteristics of the institutional environment, the influence of factors of urbanization, etc.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127698958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. G. Sardou, Ata Nazari, E. Ghodsi, Ehsan Bagherzadeh
The purpose of investors is to maximize the expected returnin an acceptable level of risk. A genetic algorithm (GA) based on multi-objective fuzzy approach is presented in this paper to solve the multi-objective problem of portfolio selection. The expected return maximization and the risk minimization are the objective functions of the proposed portfolio selection problem. Since GA does not require prespecified information of the problem, it has more flexibility rather than the other nonlinear methods. Furthermore, the GA is able to model the nonlinear manner of the objective functions of the problem. In the proposed fuzzy-genetic method the objective functions are transmitted to a fuzzy domain using a fuzzy membership function and after that the weighted sum method is employed to determine the total objective function. Besides, the Pareto front of the objectives of return and risk are obtained by varying the weighting coefficients and solving the new single-objective problems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study including several active companies is studied.
{"title":"Optimal Portfolio Selection Using Multi-Objective Fuzzy-Genetic Method","authors":"I. G. Sardou, Ata Nazari, E. Ghodsi, Ehsan Bagherzadeh","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of investors is to maximize the expected returnin an acceptable level of risk. A genetic algorithm (GA) based on multi-objective fuzzy approach is presented in this paper to solve the multi-objective problem of portfolio selection. The expected return maximization and the risk minimization are the objective functions of the proposed portfolio selection problem. Since GA does not require prespecified information of the problem, it has more flexibility rather than the other nonlinear methods. Furthermore, the GA is able to model the nonlinear manner of the objective functions of the problem. In the proposed fuzzy-genetic method the objective functions are transmitted to a fuzzy domain using a fuzzy membership function and after that the weighted sum method is employed to determine the total objective function. Besides, the Pareto front of the objectives of return and risk are obtained by varying the weighting coefficients and solving the new single-objective problems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study including several active companies is studied.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124592274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a general study of different elements that comprise the operation process for working a maritime container terminal, defining the operation ratios concerned and the interactions between them; similarly, the parameters that affect the operational process are designated. This paper aims to develop an approach to the problem focused on case-study: the Tunisian Terminal. A quantitative analysis is carried out which allows comparative strategies to be recognized and applied to practical cases. The correct planning and execution of operations on a container terminal is a critical element in the strategy of a terminal. Experience and knowledge of the problems that can arise is fundamental when attempting to treat these operations. In this paper, we identify the different measures of the various types of production, and the difficulties that could be faced when maximizing the container terminal's productivity. Lastly, we recommend some propositions concerning what is being done presently at the terminals to realize their operational objectives.
{"title":"Optimizing the Operational Process at Container Terminal","authors":"Khaled Mili, Tarek Sadraoui","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-2-6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a general study of different elements that comprise the operation process for working a maritime container terminal, defining the operation ratios concerned and the interactions between them; similarly, the parameters that affect the operational process are designated. This paper aims to develop an approach to the problem focused on case-study: the Tunisian Terminal. A quantitative analysis is carried out which allows comparative strategies to be recognized and applied to practical cases. The correct planning and execution of operations on a container terminal is a critical element in the strategy of a terminal. Experience and knowledge of the problems that can arise is fundamental when attempting to treat these operations. In this paper, we identify the different measures of the various types of production, and the difficulties that could be faced when maximizing the container terminal's productivity. Lastly, we recommend some propositions concerning what is being done presently at the terminals to realize their operational objectives.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127728532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays relevance of studying of all aspects of the development of Northern regions of the Russian Federation consists in the fact that in spite of limited stocks in the old rendered habitable regions of the country North is considered as a source of resources for social and economic development of Russia. Based on the recognition that the territory is as a separate object of state observation it is noted that the best resources for labor of the economy of North may become demographic potential of adjacent regions. The different points of view and approaches to definition of the demographic potential and a set of indicators by its assessment are given. On a basis of the statistical analysis of population dynamics and a level of birth rate and mortality it is shown that quantitative demographic potential of the northern regions, since 1990s significantly decreased. It was affected by migratory outflow. It is revealed that in northern regions still have positive differences by age and sexual structure. The results can be used by regional governments by drawing up Strategic plans of social and economic development of territories. The article concludes with recommendations.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Demographic Potential of Russia's Northern Regions","authors":"F. Victor, Kuratova Lyubov","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays relevance of studying of all aspects of the development of Northern regions of the Russian Federation consists in the fact that in spite of limited stocks in the old rendered habitable regions of the country North is considered as a source of resources for social and economic development of Russia. Based on the recognition that the territory is as a separate object of state observation it is noted that the best resources for labor of the economy of North may become demographic potential of adjacent regions. The different points of view and approaches to definition of the demographic potential and a set of indicators by its assessment are given. On a basis of the statistical analysis of population dynamics and a level of birth rate and mortality it is shown that quantitative demographic potential of the northern regions, since 1990s significantly decreased. It was affected by migratory outflow. It is revealed that in northern regions still have positive differences by age and sexual structure. The results can be used by regional governments by drawing up Strategic plans of social and economic development of territories. The article concludes with recommendations.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128855093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article is devoted to the development issues of small and medium-sized, in particular, innovative, business in the regions of modern Russia. Urbanization of Russia continues. People move to the capital cities, as the development process occurs only in them, as many believe. This, as it seems to the author, is the primarily cause to the reduction in numbers of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian province. Deterioration of working conditions of business at all levels, slowing economic growth, economic and political sanctions are the causes of deterioration of the business climate in the country. Article emphasizes the need to preserve, enhance and further develop the various settlements on the territory of Russia, which is possible only by activating the economy. In turn, the economic recovery is only possible with the participation of the business. Economic slowdown adversely affects the prospects of the existence of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation. Some measures to create conditions for the development of innovative small and medium-sized businesses in Russia are suggested.
{"title":"Using International Experience for the Formation of Prerequisites for the Development of Innovative SMEs in the Regions of Modern Russia","authors":"Maznitsa Elena Mikhailovna","doi":"10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJEFM-3-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Article is devoted to the development issues of small and medium-sized, in particular, innovative, business in the regions of modern Russia. Urbanization of Russia continues. People move to the capital cities, as the development process occurs only in them, as many believe. This, as it seems to the author, is the primarily cause to the reduction in numbers of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian province. Deterioration of working conditions of business at all levels, slowing economic growth, economic and political sanctions are the causes of deterioration of the business climate in the country. Article emphasizes the need to preserve, enhance and further develop the various settlements on the territory of Russia, which is possible only by activating the economy. In turn, the economic recovery is only possible with the participation of the business. Economic slowdown adversely affects the prospects of the existence of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation. Some measures to create conditions for the development of innovative small and medium-sized businesses in Russia are suggested.","PeriodicalId":298738,"journal":{"name":"international journal of research in computer application & management","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124757332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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