Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"A novel statherin-derived phosphomimetic peptide (DDSt15) presents affinity for hydroxyapatite and effectively protects against intrinsic dental erosion","authors":"Carolina Ruis Ferrari ,&nbsp;Paulo Augusto Netz ,&nbsp;Karolyne Sayuri de Araujo Kitamoto ,&nbsp;Anna Clara de Mello Zonta ,&nbsp;Hannah Zomignan Barros ,&nbsp;Monique Malta Francese ,&nbsp;Talita Mendes Oliveira Ventura ,&nbsp;Éven Akemi Taira ,&nbsp;Reinaldo Marchetto ,&nbsp;Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the interaction mechanisms of the statherin derived phosphomimetic peptide (DDSt15) with hydroxyapatite through molecular dynamics simulations and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D) analysis and evaluate its protective effect against intrinsic enamel erosion <em>in vitro</em>. The peptide was engineered by mutating two residues in the statherin derived peptide (StatpSpS), and its topology was established using CHARMM-GUI for GROMACS simulations. A 500 ns molecular dynamics simulation assessed the peptide's behavior with hydroxyapatite. Additionally, DDSt15 was synthesized using a solid-phase method. Interactions of DDSt15 with saliva and hydroxyapatite surface were analyzed using QCM-D to evaluate the effect of acquired pellicle enrichment with this peptide. <em>In vitro</em> experiments were performed on bovine enamel samples treated with concentrations of DDSt15 at 0.94 × 10⁻⁵ M, 1.88 × 10⁻⁵ M, 3.76 × 10⁻⁵ M, and 1.88 × 10⁻⁵ M StatpSpS, with negative and positive control groups receiving deionized water and the commercial solution Elmex Erosion Protection®, respectively. Erosive challenges were applied using 0.01 M hydrochloric acid (pH 2.3) once/day for 3 consecutive days, and enamel hardness and reflection intensity were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Results indicated that DDSt15 exhibited affinity for the hydroxyapatite surface, and the pellicle formed with DDSt15 demonstrated significant properties, as observed in QCM-D analyses. <em>In vitro</em> experiments revealed that this peptide effectively enhanced enamel resistance to acid-induced erosion compared to control treatments. These results suggest the potential of DDSt15, particularly at the concentration of 0.94 × 10⁻⁵ M, to contribute to the development of strategies for acquired pellicle modulation aimed at preventing intrinsic enamel erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 440-450"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What enhancement could β-titanium bring to oral implantology?","authors":"Clarisse Montet ,&nbsp;Hazem Abouelleil ,&nbsp;Cerine Labadi ,&nbsp;Rémy Gauthier ,&nbsp;Arnaud Lafon ,&nbsp;Nina Attik","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Titanium and its alloys are widely used in medicine, particularly in dentistry, due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, limitations associated with commercially pure Titanium (cp-Ti) grade IV and conventional alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V require the development of alternative materials. This short review aims to highlight the potential of β-phase Titanium alloys as next-generation materials for oral implantology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review is based on ISO standards and clinical requirements related to dental biomaterials, with a particular focus regarding mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Literature research, was conducted targeting studies on both the mechanical and biological performance of Titanium-based materials, with emphasis on β-phase Titanium alloys.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cp-Ti grade IV remains the most commonly used Titanium for dental implants due to its long-standing clinical use, however, it exhibits some limitations, including a high elastic modulus and limited wear resistance. Ti-6Al-4V provides enhanced mechanical strength but raises biocompatibility concerns due to potential Aluminium and Vanadium ion release. β-phase Titanium alloys, with their body-centered cubic structure, demonstrate reduced elastic modulus closer to that of bone, enhanced mechanical strength and improved corrosion resistance, making them promising candidates for dental implants applications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>β-phase Titanium alloys present significant potential to overcome the limitations of current Titanium materials used in oral implantology. Their favorable biomechanical behavior and the absence of released toxic elements, suggest improved implant performance and longevity. Nonetheless, rigorous <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> investigations are essential to confirm their safety, biocompatibility, and long-term clinical outcome before widespread clinical adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 431-439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of three dental resins for 3D printing of orthodontic appliances: Comparison of leaching, biocompatibility, and thermo-mechanical properties after post-curing and aging","authors":"Tahar Sif eddine Bouchema ,&nbsp;Johanna Saunier ,&nbsp;Lucas Mollier ,&nbsp;Jessica Mauriello ,&nbsp;Brice Savard ,&nbsp;Najet Yagoubi","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Photo-polymerizable resins can be used to print clear orthodontic aligners with several advantages compared to thermoformed ones. However, the safety of these new printed devices, their efficacy, and the impact of aging on safety and performance are still insufficiently known. This study aims to evaluate several 3D printing resins used in dentistry to produce clear gutters, regarding biocompatibility, leached compounds (release kinetics), surface state, and thermo-mechanical properties before and after simulated intra-oral aging. The impact of post-curing time on their behavior was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three resins - NextDent Ortho Flex, Freeprint Ortho Detax, and Graphy TC-85DAC - were tested using a standardized approach that included the same printer and a standard post-polymerization process. Chemical modifications were analyzed by ATR-FTIR, surface morphology by SEM, thermal properties by TGA and DSC, and cytotoxicity by MTT tests. Mechanical properties were characterized through tensile tests, and substance release in a salivary simulant based on PBS was monitored by HPLC. Aging in simulated saliva was followed for 15 days, corresponding to the duration of use of one aligner.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed good biocompatibility for the printed materials, except for the insufficiently post-cured materials. In addition, significant differences in release kinetics and physical properties were observed as a function of the resin used and the post-polymerization time. Intra-oral aging impacts all the properties of the materials tested, particularly the thermo-mechanical (maximum force and T_g) and surface properties, and leads to a release of residual resin and degradation products into the simulant which increases cytotoxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of strictly standardizing post-polymerization protocols to ensure the safety and performance of 3D-printed dental devices and underlines the risk of the cumulative effect of leached compounds for the patient’s health, even if measured cell viability and photo-initiator exposure dose were within acceptable limits. Moreover, whatever the resin, aging leads to a decrease in thermo-mechanical properties that may affect the device's performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 381-402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendrimer-based extrafibrillar demineralization for optimizing resin-dentin bond stability","authors":"Yanning He ,&nbsp;Yiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Junhan Yang ,&nbsp;Jingsi Chen ,&nbsp;Jingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingying Yu ,&nbsp;Yaping Gou ,&nbsp;Franklin R. Tay","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A selectively extrafibrillar dentin demineralization concept has recently been developed that preserves intrafibrillar minerals within collagen fibrils to prevent exposure and activation of endogenous dentin proteases that are important contributor to collagen degradation within hybrid layers. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of using PEGylated PAMAM dendrimer (PEG-P) with high MWs (﹥40 kDa) as an antimicrobial extrafibrillar dentin demineralization conditioner to improve durability of resin-dentin bonds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The chelation capacities of different concentrations of PEGylated PAMAM on calcium ion from dentin were measured using ICP-AES. The optimal degree and concentration of PEGylation for dentin bonding were determined by microtensile bond strength testing to make sure that bond strengths with the wet-bonding and dry-bonding technique before and after thermocycling was comparable to those of H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; etching. Morphological observation of PEG-P-based extrafibrillar demineralization were examined by FE-SEM and AFM. In-situ zymography was performed to directly evaluate gelatinolytic activity within hybrid layers. For antibacterial testing, dead/live bacterial staining was performed to evaluate 20 % PEG-P potent antibacterial effects on oral bacteria.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The result of ICP-AES indicated that PEG-P had chelation capacities for Ca&lt;sup&gt;2 +&lt;/sup&gt; . Wet- and dry-bonding with the 20 % PEG-P-based demineralization produced tensile bond strengths equivalent to H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-based wet-bonding technique, and those bond strengths were maintained after thermocycling. Morphological observation of PEG-P-based extrafibrillar demineralization by FE-SEM showed partially demineralized dentin with mineralized collagen fibrils separated by detectable extrafibrillar spaces in both wet- and dry- bonding modes, whereas the H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-ethched dentin produced completely demineralized collagen fibrils that collapsed and formed a smooth interface without porous spaces in the air-dried modes. Representative AFM images confirmed that the surface of dentin conditioned with 20 % PEG-P was significantly rougher than that of 37 % H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; group. In-situ zymography of gelatinolytic activity within hybrid layers created with PEG-P conditioning showed negligible fluorescence before and after thermocycling, as compared with the H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; group for both wet- and dry-bonding. Antibacterial testing showed that 20 % PEG-P possesses potent antibacterial effects on oral bacteria.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Significance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The PEG-P-based selectively extrafibrillar dentin demineralization preserves intrafibrillar minerals, prevents exposure and activation of endogenous dentin proteases, reduces collagen degradation by endogenous protease, and inhibits bacteria retained on dentin, wh","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 493-504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145581578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etch-and-rinse vs self-etch strategy of a universal adhesive in Class II bulk-fill restorations: A 96-month split-mouth evaluation","authors":"Aybuke Uslu Tekce ,&nbsp;Zeynep Bilge Kutuk ,&nbsp;Ayse Ruya Yazici","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This randomized clinical trial investigated the 96-month clinical performance of a universal adhesive (Adhese Universal Vivapen, Ivoclar Vivadent) applied in etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) modes in Class II bulk-fill composite restorations.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Thirty-five patients, each with at least two Class II carious lesions, were enrolled. Using a split-mouth design, cavities were randomly assigned to ER or SE adhesive application. All restorations were placed with a high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent). In total, 84 restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 months by two calibrated, blinded examiners according to modified USPHS criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with Chi-square, Friedman, Cochran’s Q, and McNemar tests (α=0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 96 months, 74 restorations in 33 participants were examined. No loss of retention/fractures occurred. Seven restorations were replaced (six due to secondary caries—ER: 1, SE: 5 and one due to unacceptable marginal adaptation—SE), yielding crude cumulative replacement rates of 2.4 % (ER) and 14.3 % (SE). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly higher survival for ER than SE (97.4 % vs 85.2 %, <em>p</em> = 0.049). Marginal discoloration was consistently higher with SE from 36 months onward (p &lt; 0.05), whereas marginal adaptation showed no differences between groups at any recall. Other criteria were comparable, and no postoperative sensitivity was recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite a statistically higher incidence of marginal discoloration in the SE approach, both strategies demonstrated comparable long-term outcomes, with no retention loss after 96 months. The ER showed a higher cumulative survival. These findings confirm the clinical acceptability of universal adhesives in Class II bulk-fill composite restorations over extended service periods.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Universal adhesives demonstrated durable adhesion and predictable performance in posterior bulk-fill restorations with both strategies, while the ER approach provided additional benefits in marginal discoloration and lower cumulative replacement needs over the long term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 403-411"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cooling rate on the microstructural and mechanical properties of speed-sintered monolithic zirconia","authors":"Stevan M. Čokić ,&nbsp;Jef Vleugels ,&nbsp;Bart Van Meerbeek ,&nbsp;Fei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of different speed-sintering cooling rates on the phase composition, microstructure, optical and mechanical properties of monolithic zirconia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Speed-sintered ZirCAD LT (Ivoclar) (LT_1200; 5 min at 1480 °C; oven-door opening and air-cooling: 1200 °C) and Katana STML (Kuraray Noritake) (STML_800; 30 min at 1560 °C; oven-door opening and air-cooling: 800 °C) were compared to speed-sintered ZirCAD LT and Katana STML with a steady cooling rate and oven-door opening at 300 °C (LT_300 and STML_300, respectively). Density was measured by Archimedes’ principle; composition by XRF; phase by XRD; grain size by SEM; translucency parameter by spectrophotometry. Vickers hardness, indentation fracture toughness, and biaxial strength were also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regardless of the cooling rate, ZirCAD LT and Katana STML revealed similar density, chemical composition and grain size. Both 3Y-TZP ZirCAD LT_1200/300 zirconia had lower cubic ZrO₂-phase content, and lower Y₂O₃ content in the remaining tetragonal ZrO₂ phases compared to 5Y-PSZ Katana STML_800/300 zirconia. In contrast to 3Y-TZP, 5Y-PSZ contained a high amount of metastable <em>t’</em>-phase. TP of ZirCAD LT and Katana STML were not affected by the cooling rate. The hardness and fracture toughness of both 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ were not influenced by cooling rate variations. Steady cooling significantly diminished flexural strength and mechanical reliability of Katana STML_300, while it did not have any effect on the ZirCAD LT zirconia grades.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Steady cooling during speed-sintering did not significantly influence the performance of 3Y-TZP but can negatively influence flexural strength and mechanical reliability of 5Y-PSZ zirconia ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 412-419"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of blue-light model scanner trueness, precision, and surface detail reproduction with different rubber impression material colors","authors":"Kyoungjin Seo ,&nbsp;HongXin Cai ,&nbsp;Seung-Ho Shin ,&nbsp;Ji-Won Choi ,&nbsp;Young-Bin Seo ,&nbsp;Jong-Eun Kim ,&nbsp;Kwang-Man Kim ,&nbsp;Heng Bo Jiang ,&nbsp;Jae-Sung Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Although the accuracy of scanning technologies has been extensively explored, a research gap still exists concerning the scanning results of dental impression materials, particularly regarding their color and gloss characteristics. This study aims to evaluate and compare the scanning capabilities of blue-light scanners for various dental impression materials characterized by different colors and gloss levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blue (B), green (G), red (R), and yellow (Y) dental impression materials were selected for this study. Colorimetric analyses were conducted using a spectrophotometer. The gloss levels of the samples were quantified using a gloss meter. The accuracy and surface detail reproduction of a blue-light scanner were analyzed by scanning impression materials in four different colors. The four-unit crown-bridge model for accuracy analysis was based on International Standardization Organization (ISO) standard 12836. The data measured by the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) served as the gold standard and were used for parameter comparison (height, angle, and distance) and 3D fitting with the scanned files.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Surface detail reproduction analyses revealed significant differences among the various groups. Notably, Group B consistently demonstrated superior scanning accuracy across all measurements, indicating its effectiveness as a dental impression material in blue-light scanning applications. Significant differences were observed in the rate of surface detail, angle parameters, and corner height across the various groups (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the root–mean–square error values pertaining to trueness exhibited significant disparities in all the specimens (p &lt; 0.05).</div><div><em>Significance.</em> The absence of significant gloss differences across all color variations indicates that color should be evaluated alongside other critical factors when employing blue-light scanners for measurement accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 351-358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resin materials for 3D-printing and milling of indirect restorations – Composition and leachables using an artificial saliva model","authors":"Mina Aker Sagen ,&nbsp;Silvio Uhlig ,&nbsp;Heidi Vanessa Holm ,&nbsp;Lene Grutle ,&nbsp;Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat ,&nbsp;Marika Koutsouri Hæreid ,&nbsp;Aida Gacic Mulic","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Monomer leaching from resin-based restorations is a concern due to possible adverse effects on the oral environment. This study evaluated a validated artificial saliva model and a multi-instrument analytical workflow to characterize two liquid resins for 3D-printing, compare findings with manufacturers’ SDSs, and determine leachable profiles from test specimens incubated in artificial saliva.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Liquid resins (Saremco print CROWNTEC, SCT; FREEPRINT® temp, FPT) were analyzed by UHPLC–HRMS and GC–MS. Disc-shaped specimens were 3D-printed and, as control, milled from Temp Premium Flexible (TPF) (n = 6). Samples were immersed in artificial saliva (surface area-to-volume ratio 1.2 cm²/mL, 37 °C). Aliquots were analyzed for methacrylate monomers and photoinitiators after 1 h, 24 h, 1 week, and 3 months using quantitative LC–MS/MS. Specimens incubated for 24 h and 3 months were further examined by untargeted UHPLC–HRMS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SDSs identified BisEMA as the main methacrylate in both resins, confirmed by UHPLC–HRMS. FPT also contained nondisclosed UDMA. Targeted analysis showed significantly higher concentrations of leachables (P &lt; 0.05) from FPT than SCT or TPF at all time points. Untargeted analysis supported this, revealing the greatest number of leachables in FPT incubations, with at least 67 putative compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Most residual methacrylate monomers elute within 24 h after 3D-printing. However, untargeted results suggest different leaching dynamics for other substances, highlighting the importance of broader analytical approaches in assessing biocompatibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 370-380"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of a universal adhesive with CHX- or DOX-loaded TiO2 nanotubes as an anti-MMP strategy","authors":"Fernanda Sandes de Lucena ,&nbsp;Érika Soares Bronze-Uhle ,&nbsp;Matthew Logan ,&nbsp;Steven Lewis ,&nbsp;Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari ,&nbsp;Paulo Noronha Lisboa Filho ,&nbsp;Carla Castiglia Gonzaga ,&nbsp;Diana Gabriela Soares dos Passos ,&nbsp;Carmem Silvia Pfeifer ,&nbsp;Adilson Yoshio Furuse","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated whether titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO₂-nts), loaded with chlorhexidine (CHX) or doxycycline (DOX) and incorporated into a universal adhesive, could sustain matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition and enhance long-term bond durability without compromising polymerization or cytocompatibility. The influence of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) surface functionalization on drug release, adhesive conversion, and mechanical performance was also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>TiO₂-nts were synthesized via hydrothermal processing and either left unmodified or functionalized with APTMS. CHX or DOX was loaded into both nanotube types and incorporated into a universal adhesive (5 wt%). Nanotube morphology and functionalization were assessed using TEM, SEM/EDS, XRD, and TGA. Drug loading and release were quantified by HPLC. Degree of conversion (DC) was measured via FTIR. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was evaluated after 24 h and 6 months in both etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes (n = 6). MMP activity was assessed using a colorimetric assay (n = 8), and transdentinal cytotoxicity was analyzed using MTT and Live/Dead assays with human dental pulp stem cells (n = 6). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (α=0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DOX exhibited higher loading efficiency and more sustained release than CHX in both nanotube types (p &lt; 0.01). APTMS functionalization improved nanotube dispersion and preserved DC (76–82 %), while unmodified nanotubes significantly reduced DC (24–32 %, p &lt; 0.001 vs. control). Despite lower DC, unmodified drug-loaded nanotubes maintained bond strength over 6 months with &lt; 15 % μTBS reduction, whereas APTMS-functionalized groups exhibited greater degradation (30–40 % loss, p &lt; 0.05). All drug-loaded adhesives inhibited MMP activity by &gt; 60 % relative to control (p &lt; 0.001). No significant cytotoxic effects were observed across any group (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Incorporating TiO₂ nanotubes into adhesives highlighted a trade-off between polymerization and the duration of drug release. While drug release was short-lived, all modified adhesives reduced MMP activity and showed differences in bond stability depending on nanotube functionalization. These results provide insight into how nanotube surface chemistry influences adhesive performance and point to strategies for optimizing conversion and therapeutic longevity in future adhesive systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 460-472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145547614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical evaluation of deep margin elevation-assisted overlays for Mesio-Occluso-Distal and sub-CEJ defects in maxillary molars: A 3D finite element analysis and in vitro study","authors":"Yuxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Yuting Huang,&nbsp;Kehuan Hong,&nbsp;Liecong Lin,&nbsp;Qianzhou Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of deep margin elevation (DME) and restorative material selection for overlays in maxillary molars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) subgingival defects via in vitro deformation analysis, fracture resistance tests, and 3D finite element analysis (FEA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three MOD overlay models (Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3) were created for maxillary molars by positioning the mesial and distal margins 1 mm above, at, and 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), respectively. Model 3 underwent DME modification, generating Models 4 (1 mm supragingival) and 5 (CEJ). The five models were restored with two materials (E: IPS e.max CAD; L: Lava Ultimate), yielding 10 test groups (E1–E5/L1–L5). The CEJ deformation, load resistance, and restoration failure modes were evaluated using deformation analysis and fracture resistance tests. 3D FE modeling was used to quantify the von Mises stress (VMS) distributions in the restorations, bonding, and DME layers, which were validated by cross-method correlation with experimental data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Deformation analysis revealed consistent mesial microstrains greater than distal microstrains, with E-groups having lower values than L-groups. Fracture resistance tests revealed that Model 3 (subgingival margin) was the weakest, with higher catastrophic failure rates than the supragingival designs. Compared with the non-DME group, the L4 (2-mm DME) group presented the best biomechanical performance with a greater load capacity. FE analysis demonstrated that E1 and L1 achieved optimal stress dispersion and that E3/L3 developed critical stress increases. The post-DME groups (E4/E5/L4/L5) exhibited homogeneous VMS distributions compared with the E3/L3 stress increases. DME layers concentrated VMS mesially, and FEA–in vitro correlation showed strong method concordance across all parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>As the subgingival defect depth increases, restorations progressively degrade. For sub-CEJ defects, the use of the 2-mm DME method to increase margins to 1 mm supragingival along with Lava Ultimate resulted in optimized stress distributions and improved biomechanical performance, resulting in greater longevity than non-DME methods. Thus, this protocol is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 359-369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}