Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.09.014
Jéssica Ferraz Carvalho Lima , Filipe Milazzo Santos , Taís Browne de Miranda , Guilherme Gama Ramos , Denise Carleto Andia , Adriano F. Lima , Danilo Lazzari Ciotti
Objectives
Lithium disilicate (LS) ceramic emerges as a compelling option for customized implant abutments. However, ensuring its safety and reliability requires clarification on key aspects, notably its impact on inflammation and potential for cell adhesion. This study delves into these considerations, examining the influence of LS ceramic on cytokine release and the transcriptional profile of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) in direct contact with various LS surfaces.
Methods
hGFs were cultured on LS disks featuring three distinct surfaces (unpolished, polished, and polished glaze), while titanium disks served as reference material and cells cultured directly on plates as controls. The surface of the disks was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The cell metabolism was analyzed by MTT test, cytokine release by MAGPIX and the expression of genes related to cell adhesion was evaluated by qPCR.
Results
The disks exhibited similar topography with smooth surfaces, except for the unpolished LS disks, which had an irregular surface. Contact with LS surfaces did not substantially reduce cell metabolism. Moreover, it generally decreased cytokine release compared to controls, particularly pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Significantly increased expression of genes related to cell adhesion to LS was observed, comparable to titanium, the gold standard material for implant abutments.
Significance: This study unveils that LS ceramic not only fails to trigger pro-inflammatory cytokine release, but also significantly enhances gene expression associated with cell adhesion. These mechanisms are closely linked to gene pathways such as PTK2, SRC, MAPK1, and transcription factors ELK-1 and MYC. In summary, the findings underscore LS ceramic's potential as a biocompatible material for implant abutments, shedding light on its favorable inflammatory response and enhanced cell adhesion properties.
目的：二硅酸锂（LS）陶瓷作为定制种植基台的一种引人注目的选择。然而，要确保其安全性和可靠性，就必须澄清一些关键问题，特别是其对炎症的影响和细胞粘附的可能性。方法：在具有三种不同表面（未抛光、抛光和抛光釉面）的 LS 盘上培养 hGF，钛盘作为参考材料，细胞直接在平板上培养作为对照。使用扫描电子显微镜分析磁盘表面。用 MTT 测试分析了细胞代谢情况，用 MAGPIX 分析了细胞因子的释放情况，用 qPCR 评估了与细胞粘附有关的基因的表达情况：结果：除未抛光的 LS 盘表面不规则外，其他 LS 盘表面光滑，形貌相似。与 LS 表面接触并不会显著降低细胞的新陈代谢。此外，与对照组相比，细胞因子的释放量普遍减少，尤其是IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α等促炎介质。观察到与细胞粘附在 LS 上相关的基因表达显著增加，与种植基台的金标准材料钛相当：本研究揭示了 LS 陶瓷不仅不会引发促炎细胞因子的释放，而且还能显著增强与细胞粘附相关的基因表达。这些机制与 PTK2、SRC、MAPK1 以及转录因子 ELK-1 和 MYC 等基因通路密切相关。总之，研究结果强调了 LS 陶瓷作为种植基台生物相容性材料的潜力，揭示了其有利的炎症反应和增强的细胞粘附特性。
{"title":"Inflammatory and adhesion profile of gingival fibroblasts to lithium disilicate ceramic surfaces","authors":"Jéssica Ferraz Carvalho Lima , Filipe Milazzo Santos , Taís Browne de Miranda , Guilherme Gama Ramos , Denise Carleto Andia , Adriano F. Lima , Danilo Lazzari Ciotti","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Lithium disilicate (LS) ceramic emerges as a compelling option for customized implant abutments. However, ensuring its safety and reliability requires clarification on key aspects, notably its impact on inflammation and potential for cell adhesion. This study delves into these considerations, examining the influence of LS ceramic on cytokine release and the transcriptional profile of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) in direct contact with various LS surfaces.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>hGFs were cultured on LS disks featuring three distinct surfaces (unpolished, polished, and polished glaze), while titanium disks served as reference material and cells cultured directly on plates as controls. The surface of the disks was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The cell metabolism was analyzed by MTT test, cytokine release by MAGPIX and the expression of genes related to cell adhesion was evaluated by qPCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The disks exhibited similar topography with smooth surfaces, except for the unpolished LS disks, which had an irregular surface. Contact with LS surfaces did not substantially reduce cell metabolism. Moreover, it generally decreased cytokine release compared to controls, particularly pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Significantly increased expression of genes related to cell adhesion to LS was observed, comparable to titanium, the gold standard material for implant abutments.</div><div>Significance: This study unveils that LS ceramic not only fails to trigger pro-inflammatory cytokine release, but also significantly enhances gene expression associated with cell adhesion. These mechanisms are closely linked to gene pathways such as <em>PTK2</em>, <em>SRC</em>, <em>MAPK1</em>, and transcription factors <em>ELK-1</em> and <em>MYC</em>. In summary, the findings underscore LS ceramic's potential as a biocompatible material for implant abutments, shedding light on its favorable inflammatory response and enhanced cell adhesion properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"40 11","pages":"Pages 2025-2033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.005
Priti P. Rath , Hardik Makkar , Shruti Vidhawan Agarwalla , Gopu Sriram , Vinicius Rosa
Objective
Acyclovir (ACY) is used to treat oral viral herpes but has low solubility and bioavailability. Stearic acid (SA) is lipophilic and can be combined with drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the properties of SA nanoparticles in increasing the cellular uptake of ACY by oral epithelial cells. The hypothesis was that SA nanoparticles increase sustained ACY release, are stable, and increase drug uptake.
Methods
The production parameters (duration and amplitude of sonication) were optimized to produce solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of SA-containing ACY. Particle stability was characterized under different storage conditions (4 °C and 37 °C for 1, 15, and 45 days). SLN were further characterized for their pharmacokinetic profile, cytotoxicity, in vitro permeability, and ability to modulate gene expression and promote ACY uptake by oral epithelial cells.
Results
Pharmacokinetic studies revealed sustained and diffusional release of ACY from the SLN, with an initial burst release of 15 min. After 45 d of storage, SLN kept at both 4 °C and 37 °C showed a maximum release of > 90 % of the drug at 120 min. Cells treated with SLN presented a significantly higher intracellular drug content than those treated with ACY and significantly increased the genetic expression of TJP-1, OCLN, and ECAD.
Significance
The hypothesis was accepted as SA nanoparticles containing ACY can sustain drug delivery and enhance its absorption into epithelial cells. Therefore, SA nanoparticles are promising for improving ACY uptake in treating oral herpes and other infections caused by HSV-1.
{"title":"Stearic acid nanoparticles increase acyclovir absorption by oral epithelial cells","authors":"Priti P. Rath , Hardik Makkar , Shruti Vidhawan Agarwalla , Gopu Sriram , Vinicius Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Acyclovir (ACY) is used to treat oral viral herpes but has low solubility and bioavailability. Stearic acid (SA) is lipophilic and can be combined with drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the properties of SA nanoparticles in increasing the cellular uptake of ACY by oral epithelial cells. The hypothesis was that SA nanoparticles increase sustained ACY release, are stable, and increase drug uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The production parameters (duration and amplitude of sonication) were optimized to produce solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of SA-containing ACY. Particle stability was characterized under different storage conditions (4 °C and 37 °C for 1, 15, and 45 days). SLN were further characterized for their pharmacokinetic profile, cytotoxicity, in vitro permeability, and ability to modulate gene expression and promote ACY uptake by oral epithelial cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pharmacokinetic studies revealed sustained and diffusional release of ACY from the SLN, with an initial burst release of 15 min. After 45 d of storage, SLN kept at both 4 °C and 37 °C showed a maximum release of > 90 % of the drug at 120 min. Cells treated with SLN presented a significantly higher intracellular drug content than those treated with ACY and significantly increased the genetic expression of <em>TJP-1</em>, <em>OCLN</em>, and <em>ECAD</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The hypothesis was accepted as SA nanoparticles containing ACY can sustain drug delivery and enhance its absorption into epithelial cells. Therefore, SA nanoparticles are promising for improving ACY uptake in treating oral herpes and other infections caused by HSV-1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"40 11","pages":"Pages 1703-1709"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141900330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.007
Ahmed Al-Noaman , Simon Charles Fielding Rawlinson
Objective
Dental implants fabricated from titanium have several limitations and therefore, alternative materials that fulfil the criteria of successful dental implant (bioactivity and anti-bacterial activity) need to be considered. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been suggested to replace titanium implants. However, this material needs surface modification to meet the appropriate criteria. A nano-sized zirconium phosphate/GO (nZrP/GO) composite coating was prepared to improve PEEK’s biological qualities.
Methods
Polished and cleaned PEEK discs were coated with the composite of nZrP doped with 1.25 wt% GO by the soft-template method. To analyze the composite coating, X-ray, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy were used. The adhesion of the coating to PEEK was measured by adhesive tape test. By measuring the optical contact angle, the coated and non-coated samples' differences in wettability were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli and cytotoxicity tested employing gingival fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells.
Results
The nZrP/GO composite coating was 23.45 µm thick, was irregular and attached strongly to the PEEK surface. Following coating, the water contact angle dropped to 34° and surface roughness to 13 nm. The coating reduced the count of bacteria two-fold and was non-cytotoxic to mammalian osteoblast-like cells and fibroblasts. A precipitation of nano-calcium-deficient apatite was observed on the surface of the nZrP/GO coating following a 28-day immersion in SBF.
Significance
PEEK-coated with nZr/GO coating is a good candidate as dental implant.
{"title":"A bioactive and anti-bacterial nano-sized zirconium phosphate/GO (nZrP/GO) composite: Potential use as a coating for dental implants?","authors":"Ahmed Al-Noaman , Simon Charles Fielding Rawlinson","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Dental implants fabricated from titanium have several limitations and therefore, alternative materials that fulfil the criteria of successful dental implant (bioactivity and anti-bacterial activity) need to be considered. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been suggested to replace titanium implants. However, this material needs surface modification to meet the appropriate criteria. A nano-sized zirconium phosphate/GO (nZrP/GO) composite coating was prepared to improve PEEK’s biological qualities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Polished and cleaned PEEK discs were coated with the composite of nZrP doped with 1.25 wt% GO by the soft-template method. To analyze the composite coating, X-ray, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy were used. The adhesion of the coating to PEEK was measured by adhesive tape test. By measuring the optical contact angle, the coated and non-coated samples' differences in wettability were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> and cytotoxicity tested employing gingival fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nZrP/GO composite coating was 23.45 µm thick, was irregular and attached strongly to the PEEK surface. Following coating, the water contact angle dropped to 34° and surface roughness to 13 nm. The coating reduced the count of bacteria two-fold and was non-cytotoxic to mammalian osteoblast-like cells and fibroblasts. A precipitation of nano-calcium-deficient apatite was observed on the surface of the nZrP/GO coating following a 28-day immersion in SBF.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>PEEK-coated with nZr/GO coating is a good candidate as dental implant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"40 11","pages":"Pages e72-e81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.020
Vinicius Rosa , Nikolaos Silikas , Baiqing Yu , Nileshkumar Dubey , Gopu Sriram , Spiros Zinelis , Adriano F. Lima , Marco C. Bottino , Joao N. Ferreira , Gottfried Schmalz , David C. Watts
Background
Assessing the biocompatibility of materials is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of patients by preventing undesirable, toxic, immune, or allergic reactions, and ensuring that materials remain functional over time without triggering adverse reactions. To ensure a comprehensive assessment, planning tests that carefully consider the intended application and potential exposure scenarios for selecting relevant assays, cell types, and testing parameters is essential. Moreover, characterizing the composition and properties of biomaterials allows for a more accurate understanding of test outcomes and the identification of factors contributing to cytotoxicity. Precise reporting of methodology and results facilitates research reproducibility and understanding of the findings by the scientific community, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, and the general public.
Aims
This article aims to provide an overview of the key concepts associated with evaluating the biocompatibility of biomaterials while also offering practical guidance on cellular principles, testing methodologies, and biological assays that can support in the planning, execution, and reporting of biocompatibility testing.
{"title":"Guidance on the assessment of biocompatibility of biomaterials: Fundamentals and testing considerations","authors":"Vinicius Rosa , Nikolaos Silikas , Baiqing Yu , Nileshkumar Dubey , Gopu Sriram , Spiros Zinelis , Adriano F. Lima , Marco C. Bottino , Joao N. Ferreira , Gottfried Schmalz , David C. Watts","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Assessing the biocompatibility of materials is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of patients by preventing undesirable, toxic, immune, or allergic reactions, and ensuring that materials remain functional over time without triggering adverse reactions. To ensure a comprehensive assessment, planning tests that carefully consider the intended application and potential exposure scenarios for selecting relevant assays, cell types, and testing parameters is essential. Moreover, characterizing the composition and properties of biomaterials allows for a more accurate understanding of test outcomes and the identification of factors contributing to cytotoxicity. Precise reporting of methodology and results facilitates research reproducibility and understanding of the findings by the scientific community, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, and the general public.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This article aims to provide an overview of the key concepts associated with evaluating the biocompatibility of biomaterials while also offering practical guidance on cellular principles, testing methodologies, and biological assays that can support in the planning, execution, and reporting of biocompatibility testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"40 11","pages":"Pages 1773-1785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.005
Wenyan Kang , Ting Zou , Ye Liang , Huaxiang Lei , Rui Zhang , Jun Kang , Zhenquan Sun , Xuechen Li , Shaohua Ge , Chengfei Zhang
Objectives
Mechanical debridement supplemented with antibacterial agents effectively eradicates subgingival biofilms formed in the periodontal pockets of severe periodontitis patients. However, the available antimicrobial agents have limited penetrating ability to kill the bacteria encased in the deep layers of biofilms. This study aimed to fabricate a novel magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) loaded with rhamnolipid (RL) and vancomycin (Vanc, Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe3O4) to combat subgingival biofilms.
Methods
The multispecies subgingival biofilm was formed by periodontal pathogens, including Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the anti-biofilm efficacy of Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe3O4 with or without a magnetic field on multispecies subgingival biofilms.
Results
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe3O4 on S. oralis, S. sanguinis, A. naeslundii, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum were 25, 50, 100, 50, and 25 μg/mL, respectively. Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe3O4 (200 μg/mL) reduced the 7-d biofilm thickness from 22 to 13 µm by degrading extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and killing most bacteria except for tolerant F. nucleatum. A magnetic field enhanced the anti-biofilm effect of Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe3O4 by facilitating its penetration into the bottom layers of biofilms and killing tolerant F. nucleatum.
Significance
Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe3O4 MNPs can release RL, Vanc, and Ag and eradicate subgingival biofilms by disrupting EPS and killing bacteria. Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe3O4 combined with a magnetic force is a promising approach for combating periodontal infection.
{"title":"An integrated preventive and therapeutic magnetic nanoparticle loaded with rhamnolipid and vancomycin for combating subgingival biofilms","authors":"Wenyan Kang , Ting Zou , Ye Liang , Huaxiang Lei , Rui Zhang , Jun Kang , Zhenquan Sun , Xuechen Li , Shaohua Ge , Chengfei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Mechanical debridement supplemented with antibacterial agents effectively eradicates subgingival biofilms formed in the periodontal pockets of severe periodontitis patients. However, the available antimicrobial agents have limited penetrating ability to kill the bacteria encased in the deep layers of biofilms. This study aimed to fabricate a novel magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) loaded with rhamnolipid (RL) and vancomycin (Vanc, Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) to combat subgingival biofilms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The multispecies subgingival biofilm was formed by periodontal pathogens, including <em>Streptococcus oralis</em> (<em>S. oralis</em>), <em>Streptococcus sanguinis</em> (<em>S. sanguinis</em>), <em>Actinomyces naeslundii</em> (<em>A. naeslundii</em>), <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> (<em>P. gingivalis</em>) and <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> (<em>F. nucleatum</em>). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the anti-biofilm efficacy of Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with or without a magnetic field on multispecies subgingival biofilms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> on <em>S. oralis</em>, <em>S. sanguinis</em>, <em>A. naeslundii</em>, <em>P. gingivalis</em>, and <em>F. nucleatum</em> were 25, 50, 100, 50, and 25 μg/mL, respectively. Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (200 μg/mL) reduced the 7-d biofilm thickness from 22 to 13 µm by degrading extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and killing most bacteria except for tolerant <em>F. nucleatum</em>. A magnetic field enhanced the anti-biofilm effect of Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> by facilitating its penetration into the bottom layers of biofilms and killing tolerant <em>F. nucleatum</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> MNPs can release RL, Vanc, and Ag and eradicate subgingival biofilms by disrupting EPS and killing bacteria. Vanc/RL-Ag@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> combined with a magnetic force is a promising approach for combating periodontal infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"40 11","pages":"Pages 1808-1822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142034735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.006
Hazel O. Simila , Caroline Anselmi , Lais M. Cardoso , Renan Dal-Fabbro , Ana M. Beltrán , Marco C. Bottino , Aldo R. Boccaccini
Objective
Calcium silicate cements (CSCs) are often used in endodontics despite some limitations related to their physical properties and antibacterial efficacy. This study aimed to develop and demonstrate the viability of a series of CSCs that were produced by sol-gel method and further modified with mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) and collagen, for endodontic therapy.
Methods
Calcium silicate (CS) particles and MBGNs were synthesized by the sol-gel method, and their elemental, molecular, and physical microstructure was characterized. Three CSCs were developed by mixing the CS with distilled water (CS+H2O), 10 mg/mL collagen solution (CS+colH2O), and MBGNs (10 %) (CSmbgn+colH2O). The mixing (MT) and setting (ST) times of the CSCs were determined, while the setting reaction was monitored in real-time. Antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and regenerative potential on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were also analyzed.
Results
The CS+H2O displayed a ST comparable to commercial products, while CSmbgn+colH2O achieved the longest MT of 68 s and the shortest ST of 8 min. All the experimental CSCs inhibited the growth of E. faecalis. Additionally, compared to the control group, CSCs supported cell proliferation and spreading and mineralized matrix production, regardless of their composition.
Significance
Tested CSCs presented potential as candidates for pulp therapy procedures. Future research should investigate the pulp regeneration mechanisms alongside rigorous antibacterial evaluations, preferably with multi-organism biofilms, executed over extended periods.
{"title":"Sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cement incorporating collagen and mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles for dental pulp therapy","authors":"Hazel O. Simila , Caroline Anselmi , Lais M. Cardoso , Renan Dal-Fabbro , Ana M. Beltrán , Marco C. Bottino , Aldo R. Boccaccini","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Calcium silicate cements (CSCs) are often used in endodontics despite some limitations related to their physical properties and antibacterial efficacy. This study aimed to develop and demonstrate the viability of a series of CSCs that were produced by sol-gel method and further modified with mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) and collagen, for endodontic therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Calcium silicate (CS) particles and MBGNs were synthesized by the sol-gel method, and their elemental, molecular, and physical microstructure was characterized. Three CSCs were developed by mixing the CS with distilled water (CS+H<sub>2</sub>O), 10 mg/mL collagen solution (CS+colH<sub>2</sub>O), and MBGNs (10 %) (CSmbgn+colH<sub>2</sub>O). The mixing (MT) and setting (ST) times of the CSCs were determined, while the setting reaction was monitored in real-time. Antibacterial efficacy against <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (<em>E. faecalis</em>) and regenerative potential on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were also analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CS+H<sub>2</sub>O displayed a ST comparable to commercial products, while CSmbgn+colH<sub>2</sub>O achieved the longest MT of 68 s and the shortest ST of 8 min. All the experimental CSCs inhibited the growth of <em>E. faecalis</em>. Additionally, compared to the control group, CSCs supported cell proliferation and spreading and mineralized matrix production, regardless of their composition.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Tested CSCs presented potential as candidates for pulp therapy procedures. Future research should investigate the pulp regeneration mechanisms alongside rigorous antibacterial evaluations, preferably with multi-organism biofilms, executed over extended periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"40 11","pages":"Pages 1832-1842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New materials have emerged in the dental field to replace the cobalt-chrome (CoCr) alloy used for the metal frameworks in removable partial denture (RPD) such as Titanium (Ti) and PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK). However, few studies have demonstrated their mechanical and biological performance.
Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the performance of Ti and PEEK in RPD using CoCr metal framework as a reference.
Material and methods
This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three data bases were analyzed, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science before March 2024. Only studies assessing the mechanical and/or biological properties of RPD in Ti, PEEK and CoCr were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by using the software Rayyan. The risks of bias were assessed with the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS). The mechanical (retention force, fatigue life, deformation strength, machinability, rigidity, porosity and surface roughness) and biological (plaque indices, ion release and biocompatibility) aspects were assessed.
Results
Among 138 articles identified, only 18 studies were included in this review. Majority had a low to moderate risk of bias. Retention forces and fatigue were significantly lower for Ti and PEEK than for CoCr, and the same was true for Ti rigidity. PEEK showed less deformation.
Both materials were suitable for machining. In terms of biological properties, both materials showed adequate biocompatibility for clinical use.
Conclusion
Ti and PEEK seems to be promising as alternative materials to CoCr frameworks for RPD, in terms of both their mechanical and biological performance. However, additional studies are needed to better understand their clinical and long-term limitations to enable the best-informed clinical choice for the patients and the professionals.
{"title":"Accurate analysis of titanium and PolyEtherEtherKetone materials as an alternative to cobalt-chrome framework in removable partial denture: A systematic review","authors":"Karine Bertotti , Julia Mwenge-Wambel , Christophe Sireix , Olivier Hüe , Christophe Jeannin , Brigitte Grosgogeat","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>New materials have emerged in the dental field to replace the cobalt-chrome (CoCr) alloy used for the metal frameworks in removable partial denture (RPD) such as Titanium (Ti) and PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK). However, few studies have demonstrated their mechanical and biological performance.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the performance of Ti and PEEK in RPD using CoCr metal framework as a reference.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three data bases were analyzed, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science before March 2024. Only studies assessing the mechanical and/or biological properties of RPD in Ti, PEEK and CoCr were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by using the software Rayyan. The risks of bias were assessed with the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS). The mechanical (retention force, fatigue life, deformation strength, machinability, rigidity, porosity and surface roughness) and biological (plaque indices, ion release and biocompatibility) aspects were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 138 articles identified, only 18 studies were included in this review. Majority had a low to moderate risk of bias. Retention forces and fatigue were significantly lower for Ti and PEEK than for CoCr, and the same was true for Ti rigidity. PEEK showed less deformation.</div><div>Both materials were suitable for machining. In terms of biological properties, both materials showed adequate biocompatibility for clinical use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ti and PEEK seems to be promising as alternative materials to CoCr frameworks for RPD, in terms of both their mechanical and biological performance. However, additional studies are needed to better understand their clinical and long-term limitations to enable the best-informed clinical choice for the patients and the professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"40 11","pages":"Pages 1854-1861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.09.019
Carmela Del Giudice , Gianrico Spagnuolo , Ciro Menale , Yu Fu Chou , Juan Manuel Núñez Martí , Carlo Rengo , Sandro Rengo , Salvatore Sauro
Objectives
This study investigated the impact of some specific experimental calcium phosphate cements doped with different fluoride salts (FDCPCs) concentrations on the basal functions of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs). Furthermore, this study also examined the migration, as well as the mineralisation through osteogenic differentiation.
Methods
Experimental FDCPCs were formulated using different concentrations of calcium/sodium fluoride salts [(5 wt%: VS5F), (10 wt%: VS10F), (20 wt%: VS20F)]. A fluoride-free calcium phosphate (VS0F) was used as a control. The hDPSCs were assessed to evaluate their self-renewal and migration activity in the presence of eluates of the different FDCPCs. A viability assay in osteogenic conditions was carried out, along with the differentiation potential through Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (ALP), and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS). Moreover, the gene expression of specific markers (RUNX2, ALP, COL1α1, OCN, OPN, DSPP, MEPE, and DMP-1) was also evaluated.
Results
All the tested FDCPD had no influence on cell migrations, but they caused a decrease in cell viability in osteogenic conditions when not diluted. Conversely, the eluants of VS20F showed a positive effect on stem cell differentiation. This result was corroborated through ALP activity, ARS assay. Moreover, upregulation of specific gene markers such as RUNX2, DMP-1, and DSPP was observed in hDPSCs, especially when treated with VS20F.
Significance
The experimental FDCPC tested in this study exhibits a dose-dependent capacity to promote mineralisation in osteogenic environment. The FDCPC-VS20F seems to be the most promising experimental material suitable for developing of pulp-capping materials with osteogenic and bioactive properties.
{"title":"Biocompatibility and osteogenic assessment of experimental fluoride-doped calcium-phosphate cements on human dental pulp stem cells","authors":"Carmela Del Giudice , Gianrico Spagnuolo , Ciro Menale , Yu Fu Chou , Juan Manuel Núñez Martí , Carlo Rengo , Sandro Rengo , Salvatore Sauro","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the impact of some specific experimental calcium phosphate cements doped with different fluoride salts (FDCPCs) concentrations on the basal functions of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs). Furthermore, this study also examined the migration, as well as the mineralisation through osteogenic differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental FDCPCs were formulated using different concentrations of calcium/sodium fluoride salts [(5 wt%: VS5F), (10 wt%: VS10F), (20 wt%: VS20F)]. A fluoride-free calcium phosphate (VS0F) was used as a control. The hDPSCs were assessed to evaluate their self-renewal and migration activity in the presence of eluates of the different FDCPCs. A viability assay in osteogenic conditions was carried out, along with the differentiation potential through Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (ALP), and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS). Moreover, the gene expression of specific markers (RUNX2, ALP, COL1α1, OCN, OPN, DSPP, MEPE, and DMP-1) was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All the tested FDCPD had no influence on cell migrations, but they caused a decrease in cell viability in osteogenic conditions when not diluted. Conversely, the eluants of VS20F showed a positive effect on stem cell differentiation. This result was corroborated through ALP activity, ARS assay. Moreover, upregulation of specific gene markers such as RUNX2, DMP-1, and DSPP was observed in hDPSCs, especially when treated with VS20F.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The experimental FDCPC tested in this study exhibits a dose-dependent capacity to promote mineralisation in osteogenic environment. The FDCPC-VS20F seems to be the most promising experimental material suitable for developing of pulp-capping materials with osteogenic and bioactive properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"40 11","pages":"Pages 2043-2050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.10.014
Darren Dhananthat Chawhuaveang, Walter Yu Hang Lam, Chun Hung Chu, Ollie Yiru Yu
Objective: To investigate the preventive effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) modified salivary pellicle (SP) against dental erosion.
Methods: Enamel and dentin blocks allocated into 4 groups (n = 30 each). Blocks in Group SDF+SP were treated with SDF and SP. Blocks in Group SDF were treated with SDF. Blocks in Group DW+SP were treated with deionized water (DW) and SP. Blocks in Group DW were treated with DW. The blocks were subjected to an erosive challenge at pH 3.2 for 2 mins, 5 times per day for 14 days. Salivary pellicle morphology was assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Crystal characteristics, percentage microhardness loss (%SMHL), surface loss, and surface morphology were assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness test, profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.
Results: AFM revealed a modified pellicle morphology in Group SDF+SP. XRD of both blocks revealed hydroxyapatite, silver chloride, silver phosphate, and silver fluoride in Groups SDF+SP and SDF. Fluoroapatite was found in Group SDF+SP only. %SMHL ( ± Standard deviation in %) of Groups SDF+SP, SDF, DW+SP, and DW were 33.4 ± 2.2, 38.6 ± 2.2, 50.3 ± 2.2, and 58.3 ± 2.4 in enamel and 16.1 ± 2.2, 19.7 ± 2.1, 32.8 ± 2.1, and 39.0 ± 2.3 in dentin, respectively. The presence of SDF and SP reduced %SMHL in both blocks (p < 0.001). The surface loss ( ± Standard deviation in μm) of Groups SDF+SP, SDF, DW+SP, and DW were 3.6 ± 0.7, 4.1 ± 0.4, 5.3 ± 0.5, and 7.0 ± 0.6 in enamel and 5.4 ± 0.6, 6.1 ± 0.5, 9.1 ± 0.7, and 9.2 ± 0.5 in dentin, respectively. The presence of SDF and SP reduced surface loss in enamel and dentin blocks (p = 0.031 and p = 0.002, respectively). SEM showed enamel surface remained relatively smooth and partially dentinal tubule occlusion on dentin blocks in Groups SDF+SP and SDF.
Conclusion: SDF had a positively synergistic effect with SP. SDF-modified salivary pellicle provided a superior protective effect against dental erosion.
{"title":"The preventive effect of silver diamine fluoride-modified salivary pellicle on dental erosion.","authors":"Darren Dhananthat Chawhuaveang, Walter Yu Hang Lam, Chun Hung Chu, Ollie Yiru Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the preventive effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) modified salivary pellicle (SP) against dental erosion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Enamel and dentin blocks allocated into 4 groups (n = 30 each). Blocks in Group SDF+SP were treated with SDF and SP. Blocks in Group SDF were treated with SDF. Blocks in Group DW+SP were treated with deionized water (DW) and SP. Blocks in Group DW were treated with DW. The blocks were subjected to an erosive challenge at pH 3.2 for 2 mins, 5 times per day for 14 days. Salivary pellicle morphology was assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Crystal characteristics, percentage microhardness loss (%SMHL), surface loss, and surface morphology were assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness test, profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFM revealed a modified pellicle morphology in Group SDF+SP. XRD of both blocks revealed hydroxyapatite, silver chloride, silver phosphate, and silver fluoride in Groups SDF+SP and SDF. Fluoroapatite was found in Group SDF+SP only. %SMHL ( ± Standard deviation in %) of Groups SDF+SP, SDF, DW+SP, and DW were 33.4 ± 2.2, 38.6 ± 2.2, 50.3 ± 2.2, and 58.3 ± 2.4 in enamel and 16.1 ± 2.2, 19.7 ± 2.1, 32.8 ± 2.1, and 39.0 ± 2.3 in dentin, respectively. The presence of SDF and SP reduced %SMHL in both blocks (p < 0.001). The surface loss ( ± Standard deviation in μm) of Groups SDF+SP, SDF, DW+SP, and DW were 3.6 ± 0.7, 4.1 ± 0.4, 5.3 ± 0.5, and 7.0 ± 0.6 in enamel and 5.4 ± 0.6, 6.1 ± 0.5, 9.1 ± 0.7, and 9.2 ± 0.5 in dentin, respectively. The presence of SDF and SP reduced surface loss in enamel and dentin blocks (p = 0.031 and p = 0.002, respectively). SEM showed enamel surface remained relatively smooth and partially dentinal tubule occlusion on dentin blocks in Groups SDF+SP and SDF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SDF had a positively synergistic effect with SP. SDF-modified salivary pellicle provided a superior protective effect against dental erosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.10.008
Fabiana Dubau Cavallaro-Mota, Gabriela Nunes Esposo, Matheus Kury, Bruna M Fronza, Cintia Helena C Saraceni, Denise Carleto Andia, Adriano F Lima
Objectives: to assess the cytotoxicity of the following functional monomers used in dental adhesives: 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) and glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM), and their effect on cytokine release from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
Methods: The hDPSCs cells were isolated from the dental pulp of extracted human third molars. The functional monomers, 10-MDP and GPDM, were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations ranging from 1 to 4 mM. Cells not exposed to the compounds served as controls. The hDPSCs were seeded into 96-well plates and incubated for 48 h. Subsequently, the cells were exposed to 10-MDP and GPDM for 24 h. Then, the culture medium was removed, the mitochondrial metabolism was evaluated using the MTT assay, while cell death analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α) was analyzed by the MAGPIX. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.
Results: 10-MDP demonstrated significant toxicity to hDPSCs, reaching the IC50 at 3 mM. However, its impact on cytokine release was minimal, resulting only in IL-6 and IL-8 levels. GPDM exhibited lower toxicity, even at 4 mM, but induced an increase in IL-1β release and a reduction in IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels, with no effect on TNF-α. Despite the MTT assay results indicating cytotoxicity, the cell death was low for both functional monomers.
Significance: 10-MDP exhibited significant toxicity to hDPSCs, unlike GPDM, however, both monomers resulted in minimal cell death. 10-MDP had a minor impact on cytokine release, whereas GPDM demonstrated a potential to trigger an inflammatory reaction, particularly in the short term.
{"title":"Assessment of 10-MDP and GPDM monomers on viability and inflammatory response in human dental pulp stem cells.","authors":"Fabiana Dubau Cavallaro-Mota, Gabriela Nunes Esposo, Matheus Kury, Bruna M Fronza, Cintia Helena C Saraceni, Denise Carleto Andia, Adriano F Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to assess the cytotoxicity of the following functional monomers used in dental adhesives: 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) and glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM), and their effect on cytokine release from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The hDPSCs cells were isolated from the dental pulp of extracted human third molars. The functional monomers, 10-MDP and GPDM, were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations ranging from 1 to 4 mM. Cells not exposed to the compounds served as controls. The hDPSCs were seeded into 96-well plates and incubated for 48 h. Subsequently, the cells were exposed to 10-MDP and GPDM for 24 h. Then, the culture medium was removed, the mitochondrial metabolism was evaluated using the MTT assay, while cell death analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α) was analyzed by the MAGPIX. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>10-MDP demonstrated significant toxicity to hDPSCs, reaching the IC50 at 3 mM. However, its impact on cytokine release was minimal, resulting only in IL-6 and IL-8 levels. GPDM exhibited lower toxicity, even at 4 mM, but induced an increase in IL-1β release and a reduction in IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels, with no effect on TNF-α. Despite the MTT assay results indicating cytotoxicity, the cell death was low for both functional monomers.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>10-MDP exhibited significant toxicity to hDPSCs, unlike GPDM, however, both monomers resulted in minimal cell death. 10-MDP had a minor impact on cytokine release, whereas GPDM demonstrated a potential to trigger an inflammatory reaction, particularly in the short term.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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