Dental Materials最新文献

Objective: This study analyzed the 41-year publication profile of Dental Materials using bibliometric and altmetric methods.

Methods: In September 2025, searches were conducted in Web of Science and Scopus. The following variables were analyzed: citation count and density, year, language, funding agency, access type, document type, study design, country, institution, authors, keywords, and publication trends. In addition to scientific articles, other documents such as conference proceedings and editorials were considered. Collaboration networks were created using VOSviewer. Altmetric data were obtained from Dimensions, and citation data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation. Online interest in the journal was measured using Google Trends.

Results: A total of 5346 documents were included. Publications ranged from 1985 to 2025. Most of the scientific articles were conducted in laboratories (n = 4834). The USA was the most common country of origin (n = 1542). VOSviewer showed collaboration among author groups, with Watts DC being the most frequent co-author (n = 217). According to Dimensions, the publications received the most attention from Mendeley readers. A weak negative correlation was observed between the number of citations and the year. A consistent positive trend of publishing laboratory studies was seen across all decades.

Conclusions: Dental Materials has demonstrated a significant increase in publication volume and impact over its 41-year history. Most studies were laboratory-based research articles originating from the United States. Mendeley readers and news outlets showed the highest levels of interest.

Clinical significance: This metrics-based analysis helps in understanding and consolidating scientific knowledge and in the continuous improvement of evidence-based clinical practice by encouraging future research. The submission of clinical studies and systematic reviews is encouraged for future publications.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the biological properties of the tested light-cured (LCC), CAD/CAM milled (MC), and 3D printed (PC) dental composites before and after artificial aging.

Methods: Materials specimens were fabricated and subjected to four aging protocols: unaged (T0), or thermocycled for 5000 (T1), 10,000 (T2), or 30,000 cycles (T3). The experimental analysis included cell viability assays and live/dead fluorescent microscopy using human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), assessment of inflammatory response through quantification of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, and oxidative stress evaluation through total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the materials surface chemistry and the degree of conversion (DC).

Results: All investigated materials demonstrated acceptable cell viability (>70 %), however the tested LCC exhibited the greatest variability in biological performance, particularly after aging. Examined MC showed moderate but stable biological behavior, while PC consistently exhibited the highest cell viability, along with the lowest levels of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers. FTIR analysis revealed higher and more consistent DC values in the tested PC and MC compared to LCC, indicating favorable polymerization efficiency and reduced monomer release.

Significance: The manufacturing method and material composition play critical roles in determining the biological behavior of dental composites. Aging affected all tested materials, with MC and PC demonstrating favorable biological profile. The findings of this exploratory study are specific to the materials tested, as newly developed 3D printed materials continue to emerge, each with distinct chemical compositions and manufacturing processes.

Objectives: The high occurrence of fractures, cracking and chipping of zirconia pre-sintered blanks and blocks during machining decreases their yield and can transfer lifetime-limiting cracks to the final sintered restoration. This study has the objective of characterizing the mechanical and fracture properties of two zirconia compositions while varying temperature and time of pre-sintering, in order to assess the space for possible improvement.

Methods: We selected two typical granular powders with 3 mol% (3YSZ, Zpex®, Tosoh) or 5 mol% (5YSZ, Zpex Smile®, Tosoh) yttria-stabilized zirconia and two pre-sintered commercial analogs (IPS e.max® ZirCAD MO, Ivoclar and Katana™ STML, Kuraray). The debinding and pre-sintering stages of the experimental powders were characterized using thermal analyses (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry), and the crystal phase composition was quantified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Physical and mechanical properties such as density, hardness, flexural modulus, biaxial flexural strength and fracture toughness were measured for two pre-sintering temperatures (1000 °C, 1100 °C) and increasing holding times at those temperatures (2 h, 4 h, 6 h). The chipping resistance for those conditions was quantified using the edge chipping test using a Vickers diamond indenter.

Results: Thermal analyses revealed that both powders show comparable debinding behavior and contained approx. 3.8 mass % organic binder, which burns-out completely between 300 and 400 °C. The crystallographic phase changes occurring during the 2-6 h at 1000 °C and 1100 °C was not detectable in the DSC signal, but quantifiable by XRD. Namely, a major content of monoclinic phase in both powders transforms completely into the two tetragonal phases, starting below 1000 °C and concluding above 1100 °C. All physical and mechanical properties increased with holding time for both temperatures, though more steeply for pre-sintering at 1100°C. Edge chipping resistance response was well aligned with other fracture properties, with a more marked improvement for 3YSZ pre-sintered at 1100 °C. For all properties, the 3YSZ zirconia showed statistically-higher values for the same temperature-time conditions, in agreement with the values obtained for the commercial materials as well.

Significance: The results demonstrate the weakness of pre-sintered zirconia products concerning fracture properties, but also the potential for improvement as related to type of zirconia and pre-sintering conditions. This study outlines the use of a set of mechanical tests that can characterize chipping resistance and guide future research engaging in optimizing the machining resistance of pre-sintered zirconia products.

Objectives: This review examines recent advances in the use of nanocelluloses in dental materials, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs); identifies property-function relationships; and highlights opportunities to broaden their application across dentistry.

Methods: A targeted literature search from 2000 to 2025 was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed including keywords related to nanocellulose and dental materials. Keywords "cellulose derivatives" or "bacterial cellulose" were excluded from the search. Additional sources were identified through citation screening of relevant papers.

Results: Nanocelluloses, particularly CNCs and CNFs, have been investigated for incorporation into some categories of dental materials such as dental composites and dental cements. In addition, their use as metallic surface coatings, drug delivery systems, remineralizing strategies and in tissue engineering scaffolds have been explored. Nanocelluloses are primarily applied as mechanical reinforcing agents, with optimal properties often achieved at low loadings. CNCs impart stiffness due to their crystallinity, while CNFs contribute toughness through fibrillar entanglement. However, the hydrophilic nature of nanocelluloses promotes aggregation, non-uniform dispersion, and poor compatibility with hydrophobic matrices, which remains a key challenge in application development. To address current bottlenecks, this review outlines future directions, including advanced nanocellulose surface functionalization strategies, leveraging aqueous processing for sustainability, and expanding nanocelluloses into multifunctional applications such as adhesives, 3D-printable resins, and bioactive composites.

Significance: This review provides a critical and forward-looking overview to establish a foundation for guiding and stimulating future research on integrating nanocelluloses into a diverse range of dental materials.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and failure modes of 3D-printed crowns fabricated from different resin composites compared to a milled resin composite block, all indicated as definitive restorations.

Methods: Four 3D-printing resins were evaluated: 1) CeramicCrown (CC; SprintRay), 2)VarseoSmile-Crown (VSC, Bego), 3) Crowntec (CRO, Saremco), and 4) Ceramage 3D-Printed (C3D, Shofu), along a milled resin-composite block: Shofu Block HC Super-Hard (SSH, Shofu). Eighteen implant-supported maxillary first-molar crowns were manufactured per group and tested under step-stress accelerated life testing. Weibull statistics were applied, and reliability was calculated for 100,000 cycles at different loads. Fractographic analysis was performed under scanning electron microscopy.

Results: All 3D-printed samples failed during fatigue testing, whereas SSH samples survived both the initial protocol and the extended cycling, in which the load profiles were modified to increase the number of cycles (up to 2400,000). Failures were related to material strength (C3D, CC, VSC) or fatigue damage accumulation (CRO). At a mission of 100,000 cycles at 300 N, all 3D printed groups presented high reliability (>99 %). Under higher loads (800-1000 N), CRO and VSC had lower reliability compared to C3D and CC. Characteristic fracture load was highest for C3D and CC, intermediate for CRO, and lowest for VSC. CRO showed the lowest Weibull modulus. Fractographic analysis indicated fracture initiation at the occlusal surface in printed crowns, propagating toward the margins and abutment. SSH crowns exhibited wear marks with no crack formation.

Significance: While the milled composite demonstrated superior fatigue resistance, 3D-printed definitive crowns exhibited material-dependent fatigue behavior. Among printed groups, CC and C3D presented higher characteristic fracture load and reliability under higher loads compared to CRO and VSC.

Periodontal regeneration aims to restore the structural and functional properties of periodontal tissues, which are often lost or diminished due to infection, inflammation, age, and other factors. Traditional approaches, while effective, often face limitations such as uncertain outcomes and limited capacity for precise tissue regeneration. This review explores the transformative potential of microfluidics and 3D printing used in periodontal regeneration. Microfluidics and 3D printed scaffolds, allow for precise control over architecture and functionalities at the microscale environment. Both the techniques offer significant advantages, including enhanced mimicking of natural extracellular matrix structures, improved cell adhesion and proliferation, and the ability to incorporate bioactive molecules and growth factors. This review critically examines the anatomy of periodontium, periodontal diseases, periodontal regeneration and their limitations, tissue engineering, bioprinting/3D printing scaffold in periodontal regeneration. Moreover, we emphasize microfluidics in periodontal cell patterning, regeneration, microfluidics in dentistry, additive manufacturing and cell sheet technology in periodontal regeneration. In addition, we elaborate the current challenges and future prospects for integrating these techniques into routine clinical practice. Harnessing the capabilities of microfluidics and 3D printed scaffolds provides a promising pathway towards more predictable and effective periodontal regeneration strategies.

Objective: To develop a multifunctional strategy based on in-situ copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticle deposition, aiming to simultaneously mitigate interface-confined water to improve adhesive infiltration, suppress enzymatic degradation, and prevent bacterial colonization.

Methods: Demineralized dentin matrices (DDM) were sequentially treated with CuSO₄ and Na₂S solutions at three concentrations (0.0015, 0.015, 0.15 mol/L), with conventional wet-bonding as a control. Nanoparticle distribution, matrix dehydration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, antibacterial efficacy (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), and bonding performance (nanoleakage, microtensile bonding strength) were systematically evaluated.

Results: Uniform CuS deposition significantly reduced DDM hydration to release the interface-confined water. The 0.015 and 0.15 groups showed enhanced mechanical properties. Moreover, all concentrations of CuS deposition inhibited MMP and showed antibacterial effect. As a result, the 0.015 and 0.15 groups showed improved adhesive infiltration, reduced nanoleakage (p < 0.05) and increased both immediate and aged microtensile bonding strength (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: In-situ CuS nanoparticle deposition synergistically enhances bond durability, through DDM dehydration, MMP inhibition, and antibacterial action. This approach effectively minimizes hybrid layer defects and collectively prolongs bonding longevity.

Clinical significance: The Cu-assisted bonding technique provides a clinically feasible solution to address multifactorial failure modes in dentin bonding, leveraging nanomaterial synergy for durable adhesive restorations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to (1) graft ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) onto mesoporous SiO₂ (mSiO₂) fillers to fabricate Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ rechargeable dental composites, (2) investigate the effect of EDTA modification on the properties of the composite resins.

Methods: EDTA modified mSiO₂ (mSiO₂-EDTA) were prepared by a facile one-step silylating reaction. Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were adsorbed onto mSiO₂-EDTA via an ion solution immersing method to obtain mSiO₂-EDTA-Ca and mSiO₂-EDTA-Zn. The ion release behavior and recharge ability of the particles was investigated. Different mass fractions (5, 10, and 20 %) of the functional fillers were added into dental resins to investigate the ion release behavior of the composites. Dental composites containing 20 % fillers were selected to assess their ion recharge capacity, the remineralization potential of mSiO₂-EDTA-Ca loaded composites, and the antibacterial efficacy of those incorporating mSiO₂-EDTA-Zn. The effect of the fillers on the mechanical properties, light-curing performance, and biocompatibility of the dental composites was further evaluated.

Results: mSiO₂-EDTA were successfully synthesized, and Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were adsorbed on the particles by the ion solution immersing method. The ions within the mSiO₂-EDTA-Ca and mSiO₂-EDTA-Zn particles as well as their corresponding dental composites could be released at acidic conditions, and fully recharged after releasing. Even after 10 release-recharge cycles, the ions in the dental resins could still be fully recharged by simply immersing the samples in ion solution for just 10 min. The continually released Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ exhibited corresponding functions as promoting mineralization or antibacterial activity. Furthermore, surface modification of mSiO₂ with EDTA did not affect the mechanical properties, light curing performance, and biocompatibility of dental composites.

Conclusion: Novel dental composites with fully Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ recharge ability were obtained by surface functionalization of mSiO₂ fillers with EDTA, which provided a potential way for the inhibition of secondary caries.

Objectives: Surface topography, surface chemistry, as well as wetting properties of dental titanium implants are decisive parameteres that modulate biological responses. Problems arise when the optimal wetting properties of as-fabricated implants are compromised by aging effects due to renewed contamination and renewed hydrophobization during storage. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of plasma etching on titanium using fluorine-containing gases, focusing on submicron and nano-scale topographical changes, long-term wetting characteristics, hydrocarbon contaminations, and cellular and bacterial responses.

Methods: Machined titanium reference samples (M) were either plasma-treated by reactive ion etching with CF₄ and NF₃ gases (MCF4, MNF3), or modified by a superimposed nanotopography (Mnano). All samples were hydrophilized by O₂-plasma (new variants), further processed by 14 d storage (aged variants), and were characterized by FE-SEM, AFM, EDX, XPS, and contact angle analyses. Biological experiments were performed in vitro to evaluate possible effects of the prepared surfaces on soft and hard tissue cells by focal contact analysis, CCK8, and alizarin red staining, as well as on bacterial adhesion by crystal violet staining.

Results: CF₄ and NF₃ plasma treatments generated a tight network of submicron pores. MNF3 showed distinct physico-chemical non-aging properties with long-lasting hydrophilicity. The new surface of MNF3 significantly reduced the adhesion of Streptococcus gordonii. However, neither MCF4 nor MNF3 significantly improved the cellular response. In contrast, the highest number of HGF focal contacts indicating improved soft tissue attachment was observed on aged M and Mnano surfaces. Furthermore, HGF metabolic activity declined on new MCF4 and MNF3, compared to M and Mnano.

Significance: This study shows promising antibacterial potential of the new NF₃ plasma-etched titanium implant surface modification. However, this study also indicates that machined surfaces, due to their already promising soft tissue cellular responses, cannot simply be surpassed by novel fluorine plasma etched surface modifications. Therefore, a zonal arrangement of the transmucosal portion of implant and abutment areas with basal sealing and coronal antibacterial functionalities is suggested.

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the effects of metal elements contained in color liquids used in the infiltration method on the optical properties and grain structure of single-composition zirconia (5Y-PSZ).

Methods: Zirconia discs made of 5Y-PSZ (SHOFU Disc ZR Lucent FA; SHOFU, Kyoto, Japan) (shade: Pearl White (W2-W3)) were used. Five types of color liquids were infiltrated into semi-sintered zirconia to produce experimental specimens for the colored group (T-Glass [CT], A4 [CA], Gingiva 1 [CG], White-Opaque [CW], and Blue-X [CX]), with non-infiltrated samples serving as the control group (C). The color coordinates CIEL*a*b*, average spectral reflectance and total light transmittance (T%) of these samples were measured with a spectrophotometer. In addition, the elemental composition was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The surface topography was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results: All infiltrated groups, observed changes in CIEL*a*b*, and T% significantly decreased compared to C (p＜0.05). XRF results showed that erbium (Er) content was significantly higher in CG, silicon (Si) in CW, and yttrium (Y) in CX (p < 0.05). SEM images showed that zirconia grains in CG and CX were enlarged compared to those in C, whereas grain growth was suppressed in CW.

Significance: These results suggest that the color liquids used in the infiltration method affect the light transmittance regardless of the type of color liquid. Er, Y, and Si in the color liquids also affect grain growth during zirconia sintering, thereby affecting the optical characteristics of 5Y-PSZ and grain structure.