Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"Characterization, efficacy, and safety of a low-concentration hydrogen peroxide hydrogel with MnO-doped Biosilicate® activated by violet LED light","authors":"Rafael Dascanio ,&nbsp;Marina Trevelin Souza ,&nbsp;Camila Siqueira Silva Coelho ,&nbsp;Maria Helena Acosta Ramirez ,&nbsp;Matheus Kury ,&nbsp;Edgar Dutra Zanotto ,&nbsp;Vanessa Cavalli","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to develop a bleaching hydrogel containing 6 %HP and Biosilicate®(BioS) doped with manganese oxide (MnO_BioS), irradiated with violet LED-light.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MnO was incorporated into BioS via the oxide fusion route, and BioS/MnO_BioS (0 % and 10 %wt) were combined with 6 %HP. Particles and gel’s characterization (n = 5), bioactivity assay (FTIR), photocatalytic evaluation (MB/ppm), HP decomposition rate (%), and pH evaluation were performed. Enamel/dentin blocks (n = 10) were treated: 35 %HP (positive control), 6 %HP gels BioS/MnO_BioS (0 % and 10 % wt), irradiated or not with LED. Bleaching was performed in three 30-min sessions at 7-day intervals. Specimens were evaluated for color change (ΔE₀₀), whiteness index (ΔWI_D), surface hardness recovery (%SHR), carbonate and phosphate (CO₃²⁻/PO₄³ ⁻) ratio in enamel before (T₀) and after treatments (T₁), and surface morphology at T₁. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>6 %HP_MnO_BioS_LED increased gel photocatalysis, HP decomposition, and pH when compared to 6 %HP and 35 %HP (p &lt; 0.05). 6 %HP_MnO_BioS_LED showed statistically similar results to 35 %HP in ΔE₀₀, ΔWI_D, Δa, Δb, and ΔL (p &lt; 0.05). The 35 %HP and 35 %HP_LED showed the lowest %SHR, followed by the 6 %HP and 6 %HP_LED BioS and MnO_BioS-containing groups showed higher carbonate/phosphate ratios compared to the other groups (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The groups containing MnO_BioS and BioS, regardless of LED-light irradiation, exhibited higher %SHR and carbonate/phosphate ratio compared to 35 %HP and 35 %HP_LED. Additionally, 6 %HP_MnO_BioS_LED increased gel pH, photocatalysis, HP decomposition and exhibited bleaching efficacy similar to 35%HP.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This approach provides a safer alternative to 35 %HP gels, achieving superior bleaching outcomes with six times lower concentration of HP, while enhancing enamel calcium and phosphate levels and preserving mineral integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 319-330"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of delayed post-polymerization on physical, chemical, and biological properties of a 3D printing interim resin","authors":"Yukyung Choi ,&nbsp;Patricia Comeau ,&nbsp;Bum-Soon Lim ,&nbsp;Adriana P. Manso ,&nbsp;Shin Hye Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated the effects of delayed post-polymerization on color, degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS), and cellular response of a 3D-printed dental interim resin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Specimens were divided into six groups based on delays of 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h before post-polymerization. Color was characterized using a spectrophotometer (n = 10), DC (n = 10) with FTIR-ATR, and FS (n = 10) with a universal testing machine. Cellular response (n = 30) was assessed through cell viability and pro-inflammatory gene expression of the gingival fibroblast cell line (L929) and human monocytic cell line (THP-1).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Delayed post-polymerization significantly affected color (L* and b*; both P &lt; 0.001,) and color difference (P = 0.016). L* values at 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h significantly decreased compared to 0 h (P &lt; 0.001), while b* values showed a significant decrease in all groups. (P &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was found in a* (P = 0.417) or translucency (P = 0.394). DC significantly decreased at 8 h and 10 h (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in FS. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory gene expression (IL-6 and TNF-α) were not significantly affected by time delays.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Within the limitations of this study, a delay of up to 6 h before post-polymerization did not compromise FS, FM, cell viability, or pro-inflammatory gene expression. However, notable changes in DC and color suggest that the appearance and polymerization characteristics may be adversely affected, while mechanical and biological properties remained stable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 240-246"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-printed PEEK/Na-alginate scaffolds coated with Ag-Sr doped hydroxyapatite for dental tissue engineering: A detailed in vitro analysis","authors":"Awab Mughal ,&nbsp;Syed Muneeb Haider Gillani ,&nbsp;Muhammad Amber Fareed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kaleem ,&nbsp;Jukka Matinlinna ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohail Zafar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to develop a novel dental bone implant that could enhance bioactivity and provide strength to native dental bones. Such 3D-printed PEEK/Na-ALG scaffolds coated with bioactive Ag-Sr-HA, via electrospray to achieve synergistic effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Detailed <em>in vitro</em> characterizations including the rheological properties, i.e., flowability and printability of the PEEK/Na-ALG blend, was investigated with experiments performed in triplicate (n = 3). The fabricated scaffolds were 3D printed by direct ink write (DIW). The morphology and chemical interactions of the scaffolds was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties were investigated through compression and micro-tensile test following ISO 604/B/5 and ASTM D638 type IV standards, respectively (n = 3). The biocompatibility of the scaffolds with osteoblasts and human dental pulp stems (hDPSCs) was assessed via WST-8 assay with 5 specimens (n = 5) for cell viability with both the cell lines. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of coated scaffolds was quantified using ELISA kit and 5 specimens were examined (n = 5). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Tukey method) was performed on the experimental values, and the statistical differences were examined for cell viability and ALP release studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SEM images revealed a homogeneous layer fidelity and pore size of ∼580 ± 20 µm. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which confirmed successful deposition of Ag-Sr-HA. FTIR analysis confirmed successful photo-polymerization and presence of Ag-Sr-HA on 3D-printed PEEK/Na-ALG scaffold. The coated scaffolds exhibited tensile strength of 0.089 GPa and Young’s modulus of 1.91 GPa. Moreover, coated scaffolds exhibited an initial burst release of Ag⁺ and Sr²⁺ ions which provided inhibition zone of 11 mm, 13 mm and 15 mm against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Streptococcus mutans,</em> respectively. The release of Sr²⁺ upregulated osteoblasts and hDPSCs viability (108 % and 103.5 %, respectively), and ALP activity.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The novel Ag-Sr-HA coated 3D-printed PEEK/Na-ALG is expected to enhance the mechanical and biological activity particularly in dental tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 303-318"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial stress transfer and nanoparticle size as key factors in the strength of hydroxyapatite-polymer dental nanocomposites","authors":"Mohadeseh Farajifard ,&nbsp;Jafar Khademzadeh Yeganeh ,&nbsp;Yasser Zare ,&nbsp;Muhammad Tajammal Munir ,&nbsp;Kyong Yop Rhee ,&nbsp;Soo-Jin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Existing models for estimating the strength of polymer/hydroxyapatite (HA) dental nanocomposites neglect important parameters, restricting the production and optimization of such nanocomposites. Hence, an advanced model is proposed to estimate the tensile strength of dental nanocomposites, considering the key properties of the rod-like HA nanoparticles and the adjoining interphase.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The proposed model incorporates the interfacial bonding parameter (<em>B</em>), interfacial stress parameter (<em>S</em>), nanoparticle radius (<em>R</em>), nanoparticle length (<em>l</em>), interphase strength (<em>σ</em>_<em>i</em>), and interphase thickness (<em>t</em>), with <em>S</em> being defined by the properties of the HA nanoparticles and the interphase.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The strength and thickness of the interphase directly influence the nanocomposite strength, while the nanoparticle length and radius exhibit a direct and inverse relationship with composite strength, respectively. The model is validated against extensive experimental data from diverse systems. At <em>σ</em>_<em>i</em> = 80 MPa and <em>t</em> = 20 nm, <em>S</em> increases to 100 MPa, with the sample strength growing by 550 %; however, at <em>σ</em>_<em>i</em> = 30 MPa and <em>t</em> = 5 nm, <em>S</em> &lt; 0, with no observable reinforcement. Moreover, the nanocomposite strength increases by 350 % at <em>R</em> = 20 nm and <em>l</em> = 150 nm.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The significant influence of the considered parameters on the mechanical properties of the samples validates the proposed model. Thus, the model is a useful tool for estimating the strength of HA-filled dental nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 292-302"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of polymer-based surface coatings on the biological and mechanical performance of hybrid CAD/CAM dental composites","authors":"Seda Baktır ,&nbsp;Sezer Demi̇rbuğa ,&nbsp;Hacer Balkaya ,&nbsp;Şengül Danışman ,&nbsp;Mustafa Serdar Önses ,&nbsp;Nusret Çeli̇k","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to investigate the effects of three polymeric coatings—polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and polydopamine (PDA)—applied onto the external surfaces of hybrid CAD/CAM dental composites, on their biological and mechanical performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from three CAD/CAM hybrid materials: Cerasmart (CS), Vita Enamic (EN), and Lava Ultimate (LU). Prior to coating, all discs were exposed to pressurized nitrogen gas to eliminate potential surface contaminants. Each specimen surface was then treated with GC G-Multi Primer according to the manufacturer’s instructions and gently air-dried for 30 s without subsequent light-curing. A layer of Optiglaze Color Clear was subsequently applied and photo-polymerized for 40 s using a high-intensity LED curing unit (Valo Cordless, 1000 mW/cm², Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA). No acid etching was performed before primer application in order to preserve the structural integrity of the substrates. To standardize the surface condition, this Optiglaze pretreatment was identically applied to all specimens—including the uncoated control groups—ensuring that any observed differences in performance could be attributed exclusively to the polymer coatings. Each disc was then surface-coated with one of the selected polymers using a spin-coating technique. Surface characterization was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Nicolet iS10, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) (Hitachi SU3500, Japan), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis (Rigaku MiniFlex 600, Japan). Fibroblast adhesion and viability were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 24 and 48 h. Mechanical properties—including scratch resistance (via Revetest scratch test), nanohardness (Vickers), and elastic modulus—were quantitatively evaluated. Scratch testing was performed exclusively on polymer-coated CAD/CAM discs (PDA, PEG, PEEK), not on uncoated substrates, to assess the near-surface mechanical response of the coatings and their adhesion to the underlying substrates. Film thickness was quantified by profilometry on polymer coatings deposited under identical spin-coating conditions onto smooth silicon witness wafers, whereas surface roughness was directly measured on the coated CAD/CAM substrates using AFM. This approach ensured that thickness assessment was not confounded by the heterogeneous microstructure of the restorative substrates. Hydrophilic behavior was evaluated by static water contact angle measurements, and hydrolytic stability was determined through water sorption and solubility tests.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;All coatings significantly enhanced fibroblast adhesion (p &lt; 0.05), with PDA demonstrating the strongest effect at 48 h. Cell viability was signifi","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 270-291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro comparison of biological properties of CoCr, Ti-6Al-4V, and PEEK for removable partial denture","authors":"Karine Bertotti ,&nbsp;Nina Attik ,&nbsp;Angeline Poulon-Quintin ,&nbsp;Julia Mwenge-Wambel ,&nbsp;Christophe Sireix ,&nbsp;Christophe Jeannin ,&nbsp;Brigitte Grosgogeat","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>To address the limited biocompatibility of conventional removable dental prostheses (RDPs), new materials and manufacturing techniques are being actively investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the biological response of human fibroblast (HGF) to cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr), titanium alloy (Ti), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), fabricated via tree distinct methods: casting, selective laser melting (SLM) and machining.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The surface chemical composition and the wettability of cast Co-Cr, SLM Co-Cr, SLM Ti, machined Ti, and PEEK were assessed. HGF were cultured in contact with material extracts, and all assays were conducted following this exposure. Ion release was assessed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and pH measurement. Surface roughness was subsequently measured on each sample. Cell viability was assessed using the Live/Dead staining, while metabolic activity was evaluated using the Alamar Blue assay. Cell morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy, while inflammatory profile was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p &lt; 0.05 and 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SLM Co-Cr exhibited higher Co and Cr surface content than cast Co-Cr, while SLM Ti showed a reduced titanium content and increased aluminum content relative to machined Ti. Among all tested materials, machined Ti demonstrated the highest surface wettability, evidenced by a significantly lower contact angle (p &lt; 0.001). HGF exposed to extracts of machined Ti and PEEK exhibited greater cell viability and metabolic activity, comparable to the control group. In contrast, cast Co-Cr was associated with significantly increased IL-6 secretion, although TNF-α and IL-10 levels remained stable across tested groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Machined titanium (Ti) and PEEK exhibited favorable in vitro biocompatibility, with high cell viability, enhanced cellular adhesion, and no significant cytotoxicity under our experimental conditions. These findings suggest that both materials may represent promising alternatives to CoCr alloys for the fabrication of removable partial dentures, although their clinical application requires further validation of their mechanical, physical, and long-term properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 259-269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crown margin design and the marginal strength of multilayered zirconia: A step towards clinical relevance using the hoop-strength approach","authors":"U. Lohbauer ,&nbsp;J. Mayer ,&nbsp;L. Schwamberger ,&nbsp;R. Belli ,&nbsp;S. Wartzack","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A demand for clinically relevant assessment of materials has been claimed mandatory for better understanding clinical design issues over pure material behavior. Here we focus on a strength test on dome-like half-spheres which serves to simulate the marginal fracture type in single crowns. On the example of a multilayer chairside zirconia material, we aimed to investigate the influence of cervical margin design on crown strength, thereby correlating numeric stress analysis with experimental strength testing assisted by fractographic post-processing.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Ninety dome-like half-spheres were CAD/CAM manufactured in a chairside milling unit (PrimeMill, DentsplySirona) using a 4/5Y-PSZ zirconia multilayer chairside block (e.max ZirCAD MT Multi; Ivoclar). Three design variations were designed to simulate a clinical “shoulder”, “chamfer”, and “taper” preparation. A tapered (7°) hardened steel load piston was used to uniaxially load the domes to fracture by inducing radial hoop stress onto the margins. Fractographic post-processing was performed to confirm the fracture mode at cervical margins. Finite element modelling served to analyze the maximum principal stress (σ_MPS). Weibull statistics were applied on the σ_MPS data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Characteristic fracture forces were 744.3 N for shoulder, 651.1 N for chamfer, and 551.2 N for tapered margin designs. Fracture forces translated into characteristic strength and Weibull moduli of σ_MPS = 1588.8 MPa (m = 9.2), σ_MPS = 1616.5 MPa (m = 11.1), and σ_MPS = 1468.8 MPa (m = 7.6). Fracture initiation was confirmed in the region of dome margins.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The margin design had a significant influence on fracture strength, as a significant drop of σ_MPS at fracture was observed for the taper design. Fractography proved the potential of the test setup to trigger marginal fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 247-258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145312060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of crown–core material combinations on cervical surface strain and of crown type on antagonist enamel wear in a simulated deciduous tooth model","authors":"Yuika Yamanaka ,&nbsp;Kanae Wada ,&nbsp;Shinya Oishi ,&nbsp;Daiki Kondo ,&nbsp;Yujeong Shin ,&nbsp;Kaori Kohi ,&nbsp;Misaki Hamashima ,&nbsp;Asuna Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Atsushi Oishi ,&nbsp;Wataru Komada ,&nbsp;Tsutomu Iwamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the effects of different core–crown material combinations on cervical surface strain at the crown and root and the influence of crown type on antagonist enamel wear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three pediatric crown types, zirconia (ZC), stainless steel crowns (SC), and CAD-CAM composite (CA) were tested with two core materials: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RG) and flowable composite resin (CR). Six groups (n = 8) were prepared for each crown–core combination. Strain gauges were attached to four locations (buccal and palatal sides of both the crown and root in the cervical region) and subjected to loading to measure the surface strain. Additionally, each crown was opposed by deciduous enamel in the impact-sliding wear test, where RG was used as the core material. All data were statistically analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All combinations resulted in significantly higher strains in the cervical region of the palatal root. There, the ZC/RG combination produced the lowest root strain (−228.28; IQR = 85.69; <em>p</em> = 0.009); however, ZC also exhibited significantly greater wear depth on the opposing enamel (226.68 ± 45.58 μm; <em>p</em> = 0.002). In contrast, CA exhibited minimal wear depth on the opposing enamel (8.97 ± 3.77 μm; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Although ZC/RG minimized cervical strain, its high antagonist wear suggests limited suitability when preservation of the opposing dentition is a priority, such as in pediatric patients. Therefore, the CA/RG combination, which offers moderate strain and minimal wear, may be a more clinically suitable choice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 219-226"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step vs. two-step deposition of CaF2 nanoparticles: From the perspective of confined water release and bonding effectiveness improvement","authors":"Jiajia Xu ,&nbsp;Yanji Lu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Qiaojie Luo,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To compare the bonding efficacy of one-step versus two-step calcium fluoride (CaF₂) nanoparticle deposition and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The null hypotheses tested are as follows: 1) Nanoparticles deposited via the one-step strategy are less uniformly distributed than those deposited via the two-step strategy; 2) The one-step strategy does not release more confined water compared to the two-step strategy; 3) The one-step strategy is inferior to the two-step strategy in enhancing dentin bonding durability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A stable amorphous calcium fluoride (ACF) precursor solution was prepared by mixing 10 mM CaCl₂ and 10 mM NaF in 20 mM HEPES buffer for 20 s, enabling one-step CaF₂ nanoparticle deposition through the mineralization-regulating function of non-collagenous proteins acting as pseudonuclei. The two-step strategy consisted of sequentially applying 0.1 M CaCl₂ and 0.2 M NaF, each for 20 s. Neutralization of matrix negative charges, reduced hydration capacity, and confined water release were assessed via cationic dye adsorption, zeta potential, water contact angle, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Interface characteristics were evaluated using SEM, TEM, and XPS. Bonding effectiveness was determined by adhesive infiltration depth, micro-tensile bonding strength (μTBS), and nanoleakage expression, both initially and after aging.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our results demonstrate that the one-step strategy produces smaller, more homogeneous nanoparticles that penetrate collagen fibrils more effectively. We thus reject the null hypothesis 1. Compared to the unmodified demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), the DDM obtained with the two-step approach exhibits reduced interfacial water, which further reduced by the one-step strategy. The null hypothesis 2 is thus rejected. Compared to the conventional wet-bonding control (AW), bonding performed on these optimized DDM leads to enhanced adhesive infiltration. Both one-step (ACF) and two-step strategies (CW) improve the immediate bonding strength (43.00 ± 4.15 MPa and 36.81 ± 3.32 vs. 31.57 ± 2.02 MPa). after 12 months of storage in water at 37 °C, bonding strength of the AW group significantly decreased to 26.92 ± 2.35 MPa (p &lt; 0.05), whereas the CW group decreased to 30.20 ± 4.66 MPa (p &lt; 0.05) and the ACF group maintained a high level (39.22 ± 5.12 MPa, p &gt; 0.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Significance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This novel one-step dentin bonding strategy effectively addresses the challenge of dentin bonding durability. By simultaneously reduced electronegativity, lower hydration capacity, decreased confined water, enhanced mechanical properties, and reinforcement at the basal level, adhesive infiltration was improved, clinical procedure was simplified, and bond durability was sustained provided. The one-step dentin bonding strategy offers a clinically practical, time-efficient, and superior alternat","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 227-239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly reinforcement of dental composites with poly(methyl methacrylate) and hydroxyapatite synthesized from eggshell waste","authors":"Amine Yerou ,&nbsp;Bel Abbes Bachir bouiadjra ,&nbsp;Omar Khatir ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mokhtar Bouziane ,&nbsp;Mohamed Elmeguenni ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Khedr ,&nbsp;Antti Järvenpää","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Hydroxyapatite (HAp), owing to its chemical similarity to enamel and bone, can enhance the bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial performance of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This study aimed to develop and characterize a sustainable dental biocomposite by reinforcing PMMA with HAp synthesized from eggshell waste, with the objective of improving its mechanical and thermal performance while maintaining biocompatibility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HAp was synthesized from eggshells via wet chemical precipitation followed by calcination. The resulting powder was incorporated into PMMA at 10, 20, and 30 wt% fractions. Composites were evaluated using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties were assessed under tensile and compressive loading.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The synthesized HAp exhibited high purity and crystallinity. The composite containing 10 wt% HAp demonstrated the most balanced performance, with higher glass transition temperature, enhanced thermal stability, and improved tensile and compressive strength compared to pure PMMA. SEM analysis confirmed more homogeneous dispersion at low filler concentrations, while higher loadings (20–30 wt%) led to agglomeration and reduced performance.</div><div><strong>Significance:</strong></div><div>Clinically, the optimized composite (10 wt% HAp) offers enhanced strength, durability, and thermal stability while maintaining biocompatibility, making it promising for dental prostheses, denture bases, and repair resins. This eco-friendly approach valorizes eggshell waste into a functional bioactive filler, supporting the advancement of sustainable dentistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 207-218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}