Dental Materials最新文献_第7页

Influence of fused deposition modeling parameters on the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed PEEK dental endosseous implants 熔融沉积建模参数对3d打印PEEK牙内种植体力学和热性能的影响。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.013

Surendrasingh Y. Sonaye , Karim Elhattab , Luci R. Duncan , Sai R. Dharmavarapu , Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak , Erfan Noorbakhsh Noshahri , Nishitraj C. Sherigar , Josiah S. Owusu-Danquah , Lukasz Witek , Marco C. Bottino , Prabaha Sikder

Objectives

This study aims to explore the application of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) as a 3D printing technique for developing endosseous Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dental implants. Specifically, the primary aim of the study is to systematically investigate the effects of key FDM processing parameters, including thermal conditions, print speed, layer height, build orientation, and post-processing heat treatments, on the mechanical and thermal properties of PEEK implants. By conducting an in-depth analysis, this study aims to establish optimized processing guidelines for the reliable manufacturing of high-performance, clinically viable PEEK dental implants.

Methods

PEEK dental implants were fabricated using FDM with variations in thermal conditions (nozzle, bedplate, and chamber temperatures), print speed, layer height, build orientation, and post-print heat treatments. Mechanical testing (compression and fatigue), detailed thermal characterization using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and fractographic analysis were performed. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was also conducted to understand the implant's load-bearing performance.

Results

Nozzle temperature dictates implant resolution, while chamber temperature is a key determinant of implant crystallinity. Interestingly, for PEEK dental implants, all the FDM thermal processing conditions play a crucial role in influencing the part's thermal properties. Moreover, print speed plays an essential role in developing dimensionally accurate high-strength implants. Notably, the fractographic analysis of the failed implants revealed interesting multimodal fracture behavior specific to 3D-printed threaded implants. FEA demonstrates that the implants tend to buckle under load and break at the implant-abutment interface, consistent with experimental results. Furthermore, fatigue testing reveals that PEEK implants, fabricated at a specific build orientation with respect to the bedplate, suffice the Food and Drug Administration durability requirements.

Significance

These findings underscore the clinical potential of FDM-developed PEEK as a customizable, lightweight, and durable alternative to conventional metallic implants, paving the way for next-generation patient-specific lightweight dental implant solutions.

目的：探讨熔融沉积建模（FDM） 3D打印技术在聚醚醚酮（PEEK）牙种植体中的应用。具体来说，该研究的主要目的是系统地研究关键FDM加工参数，包括热条件、打印速度、层高度、构建方向和后处理热处理，对PEEK植入物的机械和热性能的影响。通过深入分析，本研究旨在为高性能、临床可行的PEEK牙种植体的可靠制造建立优化的加工指南。方法：在不同的热条件（喷嘴、床板和腔室温度）、打印速度、层高、构建方向和打印后热处理条件下，使用FDM制备PEEK牙种植体。进行了力学测试（压缩和疲劳），使用差示扫描量热法（DSC）进行了详细的热表征，并进行了断口分析。通过有限元分析（FEA）了解种植体的承载性能。结果：喷嘴温度决定种植体的分辨率，而腔温度是种植体结晶度的关键决定因素。有趣的是，对于PEEK牙种植体，所有FDM热加工条件对影响部件的热性能都起着至关重要的作用。此外，打印速度在开发尺寸精确的高强度植入物中起着至关重要的作用。值得注意的是，对失败植入物的断口分析揭示了3d打印螺纹植入物特有的多模态断裂行为。有限元分析结果表明，种植体在载荷作用下易发生屈曲，在种植体-基台界面处发生断裂，与实验结果一致。此外，疲劳测试表明，PEEK植入物在与床板相关的特定构建方向上制造，满足食品和药物管理局的耐久性要求。意义：这些发现强调了fdm开发的PEEK作为传统金属种植体的可定制、轻量化和耐用替代品的临床潜力，为下一代针对患者的轻量化牙科种植体解决方案铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

LSTM-based prediction of wear in 3D-printed restorative materials under various methods 基于lstm的3d打印修复材料磨损预测方法

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.012

Anastasiia Grymak , Alexander Hui Xiang Yang , Kai Chun Li , Sunyoung Ma

Objectives

This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning-based predictive model for forecasting wear loss in additively manufactured (AM) dental resin materials using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks.

Materials and Methods

Wear data were collected from three wear testing methods: Ball-on-Disc (BoD), Block-on-Ring (BoR), and Reciprocation (Recip), using three different AM resin materials under varying loads (49 N, 70 N) and surface treatments (polished, glazed). The LSTM model was trained on standardized time-series wear data using both Leave-One-Material-Out (LOMO) and Leave-One-Group-Out (LOGO) cross-validation strategies. Prediction windows were assessed at 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of total wear sequences, simulating early-stage prediction of long-term wear progression. Model performance was evaluated using RMSE (Root-Mean-Square Error), MSE (Mean-Square Error), and MAE (Mean-Average Error).

Results

The autoregressive LSTM forecasting approach accurately predicted wear progression across all testing methods, with prediction accuracies ranging between 82 % and 97 % depending on method and dataset, the models explaining approximately 82–97 % of the wear variability (depending on method and dataset). Predictions initiated at 10 % showed high cross-validation accuracy, while test set generalization improved when prediction started at 30 %. Optimal model performance was achieved using a 50-point input window and step size. The model demonstrated robustness in handling the inherent variability of experimental wear data across multiple AM materials and test conditions.

Significance

This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying LSTM models for early and accurate prediction of wear progression in AM dental materials, offering potential for reducing physical testing duration and enhancing data-driven material evaluation frameworks for clinical applications.

目的：本研究旨在开发并验证基于机器学习的预测模型，该模型使用长短期记忆（LSTM）递归神经网络预测增材制造（AM）牙科树脂材料的磨损。材料和方法：使用三种不同的AM树脂材料，在不同的载荷（49 N, 70 N）和表面处理（抛光，上釉）下，通过三种磨损测试方法：球对盘（BoD），块对环（BoR）和往复（Recip）收集磨损数据。LSTM模型在标准化的时间序列磨损数据上进行训练，使用丢下一种材料（LOMO）和丢下一种组（LOGO）交叉验证策略。预测窗口分别为总磨损序列的10 %、20 %和30 %，模拟长期磨损进程的早期预测。采用均方根误差（RMSE）、均方误差（MSE）和平均误差（MAE）对模型性能进行评估。结果：自回归LSTM预测方法准确地预测了所有测试方法的磨损进展，根据方法和数据集的不同，预测精度在82 %和97 %之间，模型解释了大约82-97 %的磨损变异性（取决于方法和数据集）。以10 %开始的预测显示出较高的交叉验证准确性，而当预测以30 %开始时，测试集泛化得到改善。使用50点输入窗口和步长实现了最佳模型性能。该模型在处理多种增材制造材料和测试条件下实验磨损数据的固有变异性方面表现出鲁棒性。意义：本研究证明了应用LSTM模型早期准确预测AM牙科材料磨损进展的可行性，为缩短物理测试时间和增强临床应用的数据驱动材料评估框架提供了潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison between the dual-exponential and autocatalytic models to examine rapid photopolymerization kinetics of dental resins 双指数模型与自催化模型的比较研究牙科树脂的快速光聚合动力学。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.015

B.D. MacNeil , A.P. Gareau , J.A.G. Guarneri , R.B. Price , D. Labrie

Objectives

1) To investigate two empirical models used to characterize the polymerization kinetics of six resin-based composites (RBCs) and 2) the impact of the sampling rate on the time-varying degree of conversion (DC).

Methods

The DC of three sculptable and three flowable RBCs was recorded using attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at a collection rate of 13 DC/s. A multiple-diode light-curing unit delivered either an irradiance of 1.2 or 3 W/cm². The RBC specimens were either 0.2 mm or 4 mm thick and were photocured at 32 ºC. Sampling rates as low as 0.2 DC/s were simulated by numerically interpolating the measured DC(t). The DC(t) obtained at different sampling rates was fitted to the dual-exponential and autocatalytic models.

Results

For all six RBCs, the fit of the autocatalytic model to the data resulted in the smallest mean squared errors. The lower simulated sampling rates did not represent the highly time-resolved DC collected at an irradiance of 3 W/cm² and specimen thickness of 0.2 mm. For the DC simulated at a sampling rate of 0.2 DC/s using PowerFill and analyzed with the autocatalytic model, the maximum DC rate was 3.7 %/s, occurring at a time of 5 s after the start of photocuring. However, using a sampling rate of 13 DC/s, they were 64.5 %/s and 116 ms, respectively.

Significance

The autocatalytic model was found to better characterize the kinetics of RBC photopolymerization than the dual-exponential model. The data collection rate has a strong influence on the results.

目的：1)研究用于表征六种树脂基复合材料（rbc）聚合动力学的两种经验模型；2)采样率对时变转化率（DC）的影响。方法：采用衰减全内反射傅立叶变换红外光谱法，以13 DC/s的采集速率记录3种可雕刻红细胞和3种可流动红细胞的DC。多二极管光固化装置的辐照度为1.2或3 W/cm2。RBC标本厚度为0.2 mm或4 mm，在32℃下光固化。通过数值插值测量的DC(t)来模拟低至0.2 DC/s的采样率。在不同采样率下得到的DC(t)分别适用于双指数模型和自催化模型。结果：对于所有六种红细胞，自催化模型与数据的拟合产生最小的均方误差。较低的模拟采样率并不代表在辐照度为3 W/cm2和样品厚度为0.2 mm时收集的高时间分辨DC。使用PowerFill模拟采样速率为0.2 DC/s的直流，并使用自催化模型进行分析，最大直流速率为3.7 %/s，发生在光固化开始后的5 s。然而，当采样率为13 DC/s时，它们分别为64.5 %/s和116 ms。意义：发现自催化模型比双指数模型更能表征红细胞光聚合动力学。数据采集速率对结果有很大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of different cement-restorative material combinations in full-coverage onlay restorations: A FEA study 不同水泥-修复材料组合在全覆盖全牙体修复中的作用：一项有限元分析研究。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.011

Andrea Baldi , Alessandro Scattina , Allegra Comba , Lorenzo Peroni , Tommaso Rossi , Nicola Scotti

Objectives

To test, through FEM analysis, different cement-material combinations in an indirect adhesive restoration scenario generated through Micro-Computed Tomography.

Methods

A reference lower first molar was prepared for an overlay restoration and scanned with an intraoral camera. The restoration was milled with a reinforced lithium silicate and cemented with a dual cure resin cement. A geometrical model was segmented from a micro-CT scan generating separate volumes of enamel, dentin and restorative materials. The 3D Finite Element (FE) model was subsequently built-up (Meshlab, ISTI, CNR, Pisa, Italy) and an axial chewing load was simulated (Altair Hyperworks, Troy, Michigan, USA) considering the volumes as linear and elastic. Data concerning the tooth-restoration interface were analyzed in terms of shear stress and normal pressure. Different restoration materials and cements were tested in order to evaluate the effects of the combination between the main categories of dental materials applied for IAR and dual or light curing cements.

Results

Concerning tooth-cement interface, stresses in the range from 2*10⁻² to 9*10⁻³Gpa, depending on observation axes, were recorded. As regards restorative material variable, resin-matrix ceramic models were subjected to the highest stresses, followed by glass-matrix ceramic and polycrystalline ceramic. Regarding the cement variable, small differences and quantitatively negligible were found in all models when comparing light-curable composite and dual-curing resin cement.

Concerning cement-restoration interface, stresses in the range from 1.551*10⁻² to 2.679*10⁻³Gpa were recorded. Resin-matrix ceramic showed a wider stressed area both in normal pressure and shear stresses. Concerning the cement variable, small differences were found both in terms of pattern and intensity, especially when applied under the resin-matrix ceramic.

Significance

Resin-matrix ceramic models showed higher stresses in both interfaces, due to the flexion of the restoration at given load. The absence of axial walls in the vestibular and buccal aspect, as well as the reduced occlusal thickness of the restoration, enhances this phenomenon.

Cement type seems to have an influence only when undergoing resin-matrix ceramics, better performing when having a reduced polymerization shrinkage.

目的：通过有限元分析，测试不同水泥-材料组合在微计算机断层扫描生成的间接粘接剂修复方案中。方法：制备一颗下第一磨牙作为覆盖修复的参考，用口腔内相机扫描。修复体用增强硅酸锂研磨，并用双固化树脂水泥胶结。从微ct扫描中分割出几何模型，生成牙釉质、牙本质和修复材料的独立体积。随后建立了三维有限元（FE）模型（Meshlab， ISTI， CNR, Pisa, Italy），并模拟了轴向咀嚼载荷（Altair Hyperworks, Troy, Michigan， USA），认为体积是线性和弹性的。从切应力和法向压力两方面分析牙-修复界面数据。我们测试了不同的修复材料和骨水泥，以评估用于IAR的主要牙科材料与双固化或光固化骨水泥组合的效果。结果：牙-骨水泥界面的应力随观察轴的不同在2*10-2 ~ 9*10-3Gpa范围内。在恢复材料变量方面，树脂基陶瓷模型承受的应力最大，其次是玻璃基陶瓷和多晶陶瓷。在水泥变量方面，在光固化复合材料与双固化树脂水泥的比较中，所有模型的差异很小，在数量上可以忽略不计。水泥-修复界面应力范围为1.551*10-2 ~ 2.679*10-3Gpa。树脂基陶瓷在法向压力和剪应力下均表现出较宽的应力区。对于水泥变量，在图案和强度方面发现了很小的差异，特别是在树脂基陶瓷下应用时。意义：树脂基陶瓷模型在给定载荷下，由于修复体的弯曲，在两个界面上都显示出更高的应力。前庭和颊面轴壁的缺失，以及修复体咬合厚度的减少，增强了这种现象。水泥类型似乎只有在进行树脂基陶瓷时才有影响，当聚合缩水率降低时性能更好。

{"title":"Effects of different cement-restorative material combinations in full-coverage onlay restorations: A FEA study","authors":"Andrea Baldi , Alessandro Scattina , Allegra Comba , Lorenzo Peroni , Tommaso Rossi , Nicola Scotti","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To test, through FEM analysis, different cement-material combinations in an indirect adhesive restoration scenario generated through Micro-Computed Tomography.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A reference lower first molar was prepared for an overlay restoration and scanned with an intraoral camera. The restoration was milled with a reinforced lithium silicate and cemented with a dual cure resin cement. A geometrical model was segmented from a micro-CT scan generating separate volumes of enamel, dentin and restorative materials. The 3D Finite Element (FE) model was subsequently built-up (Meshlab, ISTI, CNR, Pisa, Italy) and an axial chewing load was simulated (Altair Hyperworks, Troy, Michigan, USA) considering the volumes as linear and elastic. Data concerning the tooth-restoration interface were analyzed in terms of shear stress and normal pressure. Different restoration materials and cements were tested in order to evaluate the effects of the combination between the main categories of dental materials applied for IAR and dual or light curing cements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Concerning tooth-cement interface, stresses in the range from 2*10<sup>−2</sup> to 9*10<sup>−3</sup>Gpa, depending on observation axes, were recorded. As regards restorative material variable, resin-matrix ceramic models were subjected to the highest stresses, followed by glass-matrix ceramic and polycrystalline ceramic. Regarding the cement variable, small differences and quantitatively negligible were found in all models when comparing light-curable composite and dual-curing resin cement.</div><div>Concerning cement-restoration interface, stresses in the range from 1.551*10<sup>−2</sup> to 2.679*10<sup>−3</sup>Gpa were recorded. Resin-matrix ceramic showed a wider stressed area both in normal pressure and shear stresses. Concerning the cement variable, small differences were found both in terms of pattern and intensity, especially when applied under the resin-matrix ceramic.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Resin-matrix ceramic models showed higher stresses in both interfaces, due to the flexion of the restoration at given load. The absence of axial walls in the vestibular and buccal aspect, as well as the reduced occlusal thickness of the restoration, enhances this phenomenon.</div><div>Cement type seems to have an influence only when undergoing resin-matrix ceramics, better performing when having a reduced polymerization shrinkage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"42 1","pages":"Pages 78-90"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quercetin-loaded amine-functionalized mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for dual protection against dentin erosion 槲皮素负载胺功能化介孔生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒双重保护牙本质侵蚀。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.010

Jia-min Chen , Jian Yu , Zhi-cen Lu , Bing-jie Zhong , Hao Yu

Objective

To develop quercetin-loaded amine-functionalized mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Q@AF-MBGN) for dual protection against dentin erosion via simultaneous occlusion of dentinal tubules and inhibition of organic matrix degradation.

Methods

Q@AF-MBGN was synthesized via a sol-gel method and characterized. Biocompatibility was assessed by a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and live/dead staining with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Dentin specimens (2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were subjected to erosive challenge (4 cycles/d for 7 d) and then randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 34): DW (deionized water), NaF (12.3 mg/mL sodium fluoride), Q (300 μg/mL quercetin), AF-MBGN (5.0 mg/mL AF-MBGN), and Q@AF-MBGN (5.0 mg/mL Q@AF-MBGN). Each group was treated with the corresponding solution for 2 min, followed by an additional 7-d erosion challenge. Dentinal tubule occlusion and demineralized organic matrix (DOM) preservation were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, erosive dentin loss (EDL) was quantified, and DOM preservation was measured by type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide (ICTP) release. Moreover, the tubule sealing efficacy was further confirmed through rhodamine B fluorescence penetration assays, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition was analyzed using in situ zymography. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test were performed on the CCK-8, EDL, and ICTP data (P < 0.05).

Results

Q@AF-MBGN exhibited excellent biocompatibility (cell viability > 80 %). Effective tubule occlusion was noted in the AF-MBGN and Q@AF-MBGN groups, with the Q@AF-MBGN group exhibiting superior DOM preservation. The EDL values and ICTP release amounts were significantly lower in the Q@AF-MBGN group than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, MMP inhibition was significantly greater in the Q@AF-MBGN and Q groups than in the AF-MBGN, NaF, and DW groups.

Significance

Q@AF-MBGN is effective as a novel dual-action dentin erosion therapeutic that combines mechanical tubule occlusion with matrix protection and outperforms conventional treatments.

目的：研制槲皮素负载的胺功能化介孔生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒（Q@AF-MBGN），通过同时阻塞牙本质小管和抑制有机基质降解来双重保护牙本质。方法：采用溶胶-凝胶法合成Q@AF-MBGN并对其进行表征。通过细胞计数试剂盒-8 （CCK-8）测定和人牙髓干细胞（hDPSCs）和人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGFs）的活/死染色来评估生物相容性。牙质标本(2 毫米×2×2  毫米毫米)受到腐蚀的挑战(4周期为7 d / d),然后随机分成5组(n = 34):DW(去离子水),氟化钠(12.3 毫克/毫升氟化钠)、问(300 μg / mL槲皮素),AF-MBGN (5.0 AF-MBGN 毫克/毫升),和Q@AF-MBGN (5.0 Q@AF-MBGN 毫克/毫升)。每组用相应的溶液处理2 min，然后进行额外的7 d侵蚀刺激。扫描电镜（SEM）评价牙本质小管闭塞和脱矿有机基质（DOM）保存情况。此外，量化侵蚀性牙本质损失（EDL），并通过I型胶原c -末端末端肽（ICTP）释放来测量DOM保存。此外，通过罗丹明B荧光穿透实验进一步证实了小管的密封效果，并通过原位酶谱分析了基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）的抑制作用。对CCK-8、EDL和ICTP数据进行单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和Tukey事后检验（P ）。结果：Q@AF-MBGN具有良好的生物相容性（细胞存活率> 80 %）。AF-MBGN组和Q@AF-MBGN组均观察到有效的小管闭塞，Q@AF-MBGN组表现出更好的DOM保存。Q@AF-MBGN组的EDL值和ICTP释放量明显低于其他组（P ）。意义：Q@AF-MBGN是一种结合机械小管闭塞和基质保护的新型双作用牙本质侵蚀治疗方法，优于常规治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental impacts from intraoral polymer devices: A systematic review 口腔内聚合物装置对环境的影响：一项系统综述。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.002

Asbjørn Jokstad, Anne Margrete Gussgard

Objectives

This systematic review assessed scientific evidence regarding the release of monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer nano- and micro-sized particles (NMP) from intraoral polymer devices (IPD), during fabrication/processing within dental operatory settings, and into patient body fluids after placement.

Data and sources

Peer-reviewed articles in English were identified through multiple bibliometric databases, grey literature, website searches, and hand-searching. Eligible studies quantified (i) monomeric eluates or polymer NMPs in air or wastewater in dental operatory settings, (ii) monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer NMPs in human body fluids at defined intervals after intraoral placement of an IPD.

Study selection

Two reviewers independently screened/extracted 50 studies: 13 on operatory air/wastewater during IPD fabrication/processing; 16 on body-fluid levels from removable/semi-permanent IPDs; and 21 on permanent IPDs. Outcomes included monomeric eluates or degradation compound count or mass concentration after minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years, and polymer NMP counts, size distributions, mass concentrations, and chemical composition. Risk of bias was assessed using study-design-specific tools. Estimates of monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer NMP levels varied widely across interventions, materials, and settings. Transient increases in body fluid eluates were common post-placement, typically returning to baseline within 48 h. Methodological heterogeneity, inconsistent units, and limited ecological context hindered meta-analysis and environmental risk appraisal.

Conclusions

IPDs can release monomeric eluates, degradation compounds, and polymer NMPs during fabrication/processing and following intraoral placement, contributing to environmental contamination and, where significant, pollution. Standardized research protocols and reporting standards are needed to quantify these impacts.

目的：本系统综述评估了关于口腔内聚合物装置（IPD）中单体洗脱物或降解化合物和聚合物纳米和微尺寸颗粒（NMP）释放的科学证据，在牙科手术环境中制造/加工期间，以及放置后进入患者体液。数据和来源：通过多个文献计量数据库、灰色文献、网站搜索和手工搜索确定同行评议的英文文章。符合条件的研究量化了(i)牙科手术环境中空气或废水中的单体洗脱物或聚合物NMPs，（ii）在口腔内放置IPD后，在规定的时间间隔内，人体体液中的单体洗脱物或降解化合物和聚合物NMPs。研究选择：两位审稿人独立筛选/提取了50项研究：13项关于IPD制造/加工过程中的操作空气/废水；16关于可拆卸/半永久性ipd的体液水平；21个是永久性ipd。结果包括单体洗脱物或降解化合物计数或数分钟、数小时、数天、数周、数月和数年后的质量浓度，以及聚合物NMP计数、大小分布、质量浓度和化学成分。使用研究设计专用工具评估偏倚风险。单体洗脱物或降解化合物和聚合物NMP水平的估计在干预、材料和环境中差异很大。放置后，体液洗脱物的短暂增加是常见的，通常在48 h内恢复到基线。方法的异质性、不一致的单位和有限的生态背景阻碍了荟萃分析和环境风险评估。结论：ipd在制造/加工过程中和口腔内放置后会释放单体洗脱物、降解化合物和聚合物nmp，造成环境污染，严重时还会造成污染。需要标准化的研究方案和报告标准来量化这些影响。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of digital crown design software on morphology, occlusal characteristics, fracture force and marginal fit 数字冠设计软件对形态、咬合特性、断裂力和边缘配合的影响。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.003

Alexander Broll , Sebastian Hahnel , Markus Goldhacker , Jakob Rossel , Michael Schmidt , Martin Rosentritt

Objectives

The study evaluated the influence of digital design software on crown morphology, occlusal characteristics, fracture force, and marginal fit across varying preparation designs for an identical target tooth.

Methods

A resin-based tooth (tooth 36) was digitized, manufactured (

n = 8

), individually prepared and re-digitized. Five design groups were established using conventional software proposals, technician designs, two AI-based software solutions, and natural tooth-based reference designs. All systems employed consistent parameters. Crown designs were digitally assessed using quantitative morphological and occlusal metrics in reference to the original tooth. Crowns were milled, marginal fit was measured via digital microscopy, and fracture resistance was determined after thermal cycling and mechanical loading.

Results

Morphological metrics revealed statistically significant deviations across groups, with the technician design achieving the best performance. Occlusal metrics showed high deviations in the positional accuracy of the contact points across all groups. Technician and AI-based designs exhibited comparable functional results. None of the design groups were able to achieve contact with all relevant antagonist teeth, due to high deviations in the mesiolingual cusp. Conventional software designs exhibited the lowest fracture forces. Significant improvements were achieved through technician intervention. Vertical marginal discrepancies remained comparable across groups.

Significance

Improved functional and morphological design combined with high fracture resistance can reduce the need for clinical adjustments, minimize wear, and enhance crown longevity. Digital design software significantly influences crown morphology, occlusal characteristics and fracture forces. Vertical marginal discrepancies remain similar. AI-driven approaches demonstrate comparability with technician designs in terms of fracture forces, functional performance, and marginal fit.

目的：本研究评估了数字设计软件对同一颗目标牙齿不同预备设计的冠形态、咬合特征、断裂力和边缘配合的影响。方法：对树脂基牙（36号牙）进行数字化、制作（8颗）、单独制备和再数字化。采用常规软件方案、技术人员设计、两种基于人工智能的软件方案和基于天然牙齿的参考设计建立了5个设计组。所有系统采用一致的参数。根据原始牙齿的定量形态学和咬合指标对冠设计进行数字化评估。铣削冠，通过数码显微镜测量边缘配合，并在热循环和机械加载后测定抗断裂能力。结果：形态学指标显示组间差异有统计学意义，技师设计达到最佳性能。咬合指标显示，在所有组的接触点的位置精度高偏差。技师和基于人工智能的设计显示出类似的功能结果。由于中舌尖的高度偏差，没有一个设计组能够与所有相关的拮抗剂牙齿接触。传统的软件设计显示出最低的破裂力。通过技术人员的干预，取得了显著的改善。垂直边际差异在各组间保持可比性。意义：改良的功能和形态设计结合高抗骨折性可以减少临床调整的需要，最大限度地减少磨损，延长冠的使用寿命。数字设计软件显著影响冠形态、咬合特性和断裂力。垂直边际差异保持相似。人工智能驱动的方法在压裂力、功能性能和边际拟合方面与技术设计具有可比性。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of calcium-containing sodium cyclotriphosphate and its protective effect on enamel erosion in vitro 含钙环三磷酸钠的合成、表征及其对牙釉质腐蚀的保护作用。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.001

Marcela Macedo Nunes , Luigi Pedrini Guisso , Thayse Yumi Hosida , Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo , João Carlos Silos Moraes , Juliano Pelim Pessan , Denise Pedrini , Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem

Objective

The objective of the present study was to synthesize and characterize sodium cyclotriphosphate (NaTMP) containing calcium and verify its effect using an initial enamel erosion model.

Methods

Cyclotriphosphate containing calcium (CaNaTMP) was synthesized using column chromatography, and addition of a solution with calcio hydroxide supernatant and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. To determine the effect on enamel initial erosion, sound bovine enamel blocks (n = 96) were selected by initial surface hardness and divided into to 8 experimental groups (12 blocks/group): control (deionized water), 0.24 % NaF (1100 F), 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1 % NaTMP and CaNaTMP at the same concentrations. The enamel blocks were immersed in 4 mL of experimental solutions for 2 min followed by 4 erosive challenges (citric acid, 0.75 %, pH 3.5, for 1 min, under stirring). The surface hardness was determined after each acid challenge. Data were subjected to two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Results

The synthesis process led to the replacement of atoms of Na by atoms of Ca with particle sizes like those of NaTMP. Solutions containing CaNaTMP promoted superior reducing in hardness loss when compared to their counterparts without calcium (p < 0.001) and 1100 F (p < 0.001), during erosive challenges. A dose-response was observed for the CaNaTMP groups, with higher values for 1 % CaNaTMP and lower values for 0.25 % CaNaTMP (p < 0.001).

Significance

Solutions containing CaNaTMP led to superior protective effects compared to the 1100 F group on initial enamel erosion.

目的：合成含钙的环三磷酸钠（NaTMP）并对其进行表征，并通过初始牙釉质侵蚀模型验证其效果。方法：采用柱层析法合成含钙环三磷酸（CaNaTMP），并加入氢氧化钙上清溶液，通过扫描电镜和x射线能谱分析。为了确定对牙釉质初始侵蚀的影响，根据初始表面硬度选择牛牙釉质块（n = 96），分为8个实验组（12块/组）：对照组（去离子水）、0.24 % NaF（1100 F）、0.25 %、0.5 %和1 %相同浓度的NaTMP和CaNaTMP。牙釉质块在4 mL实验溶液中浸泡2 min，然后进行4次侵蚀（柠檬酸，0.75 %,pH 3.5，搅拌1 min）。每次酸浸后测定表面硬度。数据进行双向重复测量方差分析，然后进行Tukey检验（p ）结果：合成过程导致Na原子被Ca原子取代，其粒径与NaTMP相似。与不含钙的溶液相比，含有CaNaTMP的溶液对硬度损失的降低效果更好(p 意义：与1100 F组相比，含有CaNaTMP的溶液对初始牙釉质侵蚀的保护作用更好。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced physicochemical properties and mineral precipitation in experimental glass ionomer cements containing fluoride-doped calcium phosphates and zinc-polycarboxylate bioactive glass 含氟掺杂磷酸钙和聚羧酸锌生物活性玻璃的实验玻璃离聚体水泥中增强的物理化学性质和矿物沉淀。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.006

Kenta Tsuchiya , Atsushi Tomokiyo , Hidehiko Sano , Jukka P. Matinlinna , Monica Yamauti , Salvatore Sauro

Objectives

This laboratory study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and the ability of various glass ionomer cements (GICs) containing experimental fluoride-doped calcium phosphates (FDCP) or zinc-polycarboxylate bioactive glass (BAG-Zn) to induce mineral precipitation in comparison to the commercial GICs.

Methods

The independent variables in this study were the materials (2 levels: Fuji™ IX GP [IX-GP] and Fuji™ II LC [II-LC]), particle types (2 levels: FDCP and BAG-Zn), and particle concentrations (4 levels: 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt%). Each experimental cement was prepared and molded into disc-shaped specimens and subsequently assessed for pH, Ca^2 +and F^- release, and as well as compressive strength after storage in deionized water for 1, 7, and 28 days at 37°C. The mineral formation subsequent phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) storage was performed at baseline and after 28 days via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and a scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/ EDS).

Results

Experimental IX-GP groups showed significantly lower compressive strength without evident ability in CaP-based mineral deposition. In contrast, II-LC incorporated with 10/20 % FDCPs or 5 % BAG-Zn has significantly superior compressive strength, and evident mineral CaP-based deposition on the material’s surfaces.

Significance

Incorporating 5 % BAG-Zn in II-LC may be a potential strategy to create innovative restorative materials with superior fluoride release and mechanical properties. On the other hand, incorporating 10/20 % FDCPs would generate GICs with lower acidity, higher fluoride-releasing activity, an evident ability to induce mineral CaP-based deposition, and high compressive strength.

目的：本实验室研究旨在评估各种含氟掺杂磷酸钙（FDCP）或聚羧酸锌生物活性玻璃（BAG-Zn）的玻璃离子聚合物水泥（GICs）的物理化学性质和诱导矿物沉淀的能力，并与商业GICs进行比较。方法：本研究的自变量为材料（2个水平：Fuji™IX GP [IX-GP]和Fuji™II LC [II-LC]）、颗粒类型（2个水平：FDCP和BAG-Zn）和颗粒浓度（4个水平：0、5、10和20 wt%）。将每种实验水泥制备并模压成盘状标本，随后在37°C下在去离子水中储存1、7和28天，评估其pH、Ca2 +和F-释放以及抗压强度。在基线和28天后，通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）分析和扫描电子显微镜/能量色散x射线（SEM/ EDS）进行磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）储存后的矿物形成。结果：实验IX-GP组抗压强度明显降低，无明显的cap基矿物沉积能力。相比之下，加入10/20 % fdcp或5 % BAG-Zn的II-LC具有显著的抗压强度，并且材料表面有明显的矿物cap基沉积。意义：在II-LC中加入5 % BAG-Zn可能是创造具有优异氟释放和力学性能的创新修复材料的潜在策略。另一方面，加入10/20 % fdcp后，生成的gic具有较低的酸度、较高的氟释放活性、明显的诱导矿物cap基沉积能力和较高的抗压强度。

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引用次数: 0

Topological features of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics uncovered through materials informatics 材料信息学揭示的二硅酸锂微晶玻璃的拓扑特征。

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.004

Satoshi Yamaguchi , Hefei Li , Naoya Funayama , Tomoki Kohno , Satoshi Imazato

Objective

The aim of this study was to inversely predict the topological features underlying SEM images from arbitrary biaxial flexural strengths of glass-ceramics by Materials Informatics (MI) approach.

Methods

The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image and in vitro biaxial flexural strength of 10 commercially available/experimental glass-ceramics were collected. The total of 200 SEM images were prepared as input data. Topological features underlying the SEM images were extracted using persistent homology analysis and compressed using principal component analysis. Gaussian mixture regression was employed to develop a machine learning model for predicting biaxial flexural strength based on the topological features. Arbitrary biaxial flexural strengths (390, 411, 442, 478, 515, 564, 597, 610, and 640 MPa) were defined, and an inverse analysis was conducted with the constructed machine learning model to overlay topological features onto SEM images.

Results

The topological features were compressed into 18 principal components. The machine learning model was selected and optimized based on the Bayesian Information Criterion. Using the constructed machine learning model, the biaxial flexural strengths were predicted with a test score of 72 % (Root Mean Squared Error: 53.5, Mean Absolute Error: 40.3). From the arbitrary biaxial flexural strengths, topological features were inversely predicted and overlaid onto SEM images.

Conclusion

The inverse analysis established in this study successfully predicted the topological features on SEM images of glass-ceramics from the biaxial flexural strengths. The MI approach with the inverse analysis promises to make the process to develop glassceramics more time-efficient than the conventional in vitro approach

目的：本研究的目的是利用材料信息学（MI）方法从任意双轴弯曲强度的微晶玻璃的SEM图像中反向预测拓扑特征。方法：收集10种市售/实验微晶玻璃的扫描电镜（SEM）图像和体外双轴抗折强度。总共准备了200张SEM图像作为输入数据。利用持续同源性分析提取SEM图像的拓扑特征，并利用主成分分析对其进行压缩。采用高斯混合回归建立了基于拓扑特征的双轴弯曲强度预测机器学习模型。定义任意双轴抗折强度（390、411、442、478、515、564、597、610和640 MPa），并利用构建的机器学习模型进行逆分析，将拓扑特征叠加到SEM图像上。结果：拓扑特征被压缩为18个主成分。基于贝叶斯信息准则选择并优化机器学习模型。使用构建的机器学习模型，预测双轴抗折强度，测试分数为72 %（均方根误差：53.5，平均绝对误差：40.3）。从任意双轴弯曲强度，拓扑特征被反向预测和覆盖到扫描电镜图像。结论：本研究建立的逆分析方法成功地从双轴抗折强度预测了微晶玻璃SEM图像的拓扑特征。具有逆分析的MI方法有望使开发玻璃陶瓷的过程比传统的体外方法更省时。

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引用次数: 0