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2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology最新文献

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Implementation of Image Processing Technique in Real Time Vision System for Automatic Weeding Strategy 图像处理技术在实时视觉自动除草策略系统中的实现
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458197
M. Mustafa, A. Hussain, K. Ghazali, S. Riyadi
A weed can be thought of as any plant growing in the wrong place at the wrong time and doing more harm than good. Weeds compete with the crop for water, light, nutrients and space, and therefore reduce crop yields and also affect the efficient use of machinery. The most widely used method for weed control is to use agricultural chemicals (herbicides and fertilizer products). This heavy reliance on chemicals raises many environmental and economic concerns, causing many farmers to seek alternatives for weed control in order to reduce chemical use in farming. Since hand labor is costly, an automated weed control system may be economically feasible. A real-time precision automated weed control system could also reduce or eliminate the need for chemicals. In this research, an intelligent real-time automatic weed control system using image processing has been developed to identify and discriminate the weed types namely as narrow and broad. The core component of vision technology is the image processing to recognize type of weeds. Two techniques of image processing, GLCM and FFT have been used and compared to find the best solution of weed recognition for classification. The developed machine vision system consists of a mechanical structure which includes a sprayer, a Logitech web-digital camera, 12v motor coupled with a pump system and a small size CPU as a processor. Offline images and recorded video has been tested to the system and classification result of weed shows the successful rate is above 80%.
杂草可以被认为是在错误的时间生长在错误的地方,弊大于利的任何植物。杂草与作物竞争水、光、养分和空间,从而降低作物产量,也影响机械的有效利用。控制杂草最广泛使用的方法是使用农业化学品(除草剂和肥料产品)。这种对化学品的严重依赖引发了许多环境和经济问题,导致许多农民寻求控制杂草的替代品,以减少农业中化学品的使用。由于手工劳动是昂贵的,自动化杂草控制系统在经济上是可行的。实时精确的自动化杂草控制系统也可以减少或消除对化学品的需求。在本研究中,开发了一种基于图像处理的智能实时自动杂草控制系统,以识别和区分杂草类型,即窄杂草和宽杂草。识别杂草类型的图像处理是视觉技术的核心部分。通过比较GLCM和FFT两种图像处理技术,找到了杂草识别的最佳分类方案。所开发的机器视觉系统由一个机械结构组成,该结构包括一个喷雾器、一个罗技网络数码相机、12v电机和一个泵系统,以及一个小型CPU作为处理器。对系统进行了离线图像和录制视频的测试,对杂草的分类结果显示成功率在80%以上。
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引用次数: 14
Performance Analysis of VS-APA, QR-RLS and Approximated APA on Feedback Cancellation in Hearing Aids VS-APA、QR-RLS和近似APA在助听器反馈消除中的性能分析
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458111
S. Mohammad Nikjoo, S.M.A. Moghadas, A. Salmanpour, A.S. Tehrani
Different adaptive filter algorithms are used for feedback cancellation in hearing aids. In this paper first, we will explain three different algorithms for feedback cancellation, which are robust against colored input signals. These algorithms are including the Approximated Affine Projection using Gram-Schmidt prediction, the Variable Step-size APA algorithm, and the QR-RLS algorithm. Then, we will use these algorithms in feedback cancellation in hearing aids. We use two kinds of input signals in our implementation, the sound shape signal and the music shape signal. Then, the performance of these algorithms in each case is analyzed, simulation results are presented for a better comparison.
不同的自适应滤波算法用于助听器的反馈抵消。在本文中,我们将首先解释三种不同的反馈抵消算法,它们对彩色输入信号具有鲁棒性。这些算法包括使用Gram-Schmidt预测的近似仿射投影、变步长APA算法和QR-RLS算法。然后,我们将这些算法用于助听器的反馈抵消。在我们的实现中,我们使用了两种输入信号,声音形状信号和音乐形状信号。然后,分析了这些算法在每种情况下的性能,并给出了仿真结果,以便更好地进行比较。
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引用次数: 2
PIRS: Pseudo Inversion Based Recovery of Speech Signals PIRS:基于伪反转的语音信号恢复
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458131
H. Ajorloo, A. Lakdashti, M. Manzuri-Shalmani
Communication of speech over error prone channels such as wireless channels and internet usually suffers from loss of large number of adjacent samples. In this paper, we propose to make artificial correlation between speech samples which distorts it. By choosing appropriate parameters, one can control this distortion to lie below acceptable ranges. Using this correlation, the receiver can recover lost samples up to a certain limit using our proposed algorithm. Experimental results show that our solution overcomes a previous one reported in the literature specially when the amount of lost samples are below the mentioned limit.
在无线信道和互联网等容易出错的信道上进行语音通信,通常会丢失大量相邻样本。在本文中,我们提出在语音样本之间进行人工相关,从而使语音样本失真。通过选择适当的参数,可以将这种失真控制在可接受的范围以下。利用这种相关性,使用我们提出的算法,接收器可以在一定限度内恢复丢失的样本。实验结果表明,我们的解决方案克服了以往文献报道的解决方案,特别是当样品丢失量低于上述限制时。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Simulation and Random Matrix Theory to Identify the State of Network Traffic 利用仿真和随机矩阵理论识别网络流量状态
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458024
V. Rojkova, Y. Khalil, Adel Said Elmaghraby, M. Kantardzic
The traffic behavior of the University of Louisville network with the interconnected backbone routers and the number of Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) subnets is investigated using the Random Matrix Theory (RMT) approach. We employ the system of equal interval time series of traffic counts at all router to router and router to subnet connections as a representation of the inter-domain traffic. The cross-correlation matrix C of the real and simulated traffic rate changes between different traffic time series is calculated and tested against null- hypothesis of random interactions. The majority of the eigenvalues lambdai of matrix C fall within the bounds predicted by the RMT for the eigenvalues of random correlation matrices. The inverse participation ratio (IPR) of congested traffic shows the higher level of localization (fewer number of randomly interacting network nodes). In other words, the IPR level signifies the start of congestion or correlated traffic. Hence, the RMT based model for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system widely accepted in wireless communication domain is quite applicable for analysis and modeling of traffic dynamics of wired systems. In particular, the IPR of the RMT predicted boundaries in real traffic can be used as a congestion indicator in network congestion control mechanisms.
采用随机矩阵理论(RMT)方法研究了由骨干路由器和VLAN子网组成的路易斯维尔大学网络的流量行为。我们在所有路由器到路由器和路由器到子网的连接中使用相等间隔时间序列的流量计数系统作为域间流量的表示。计算了不同交通时间序列间真实和模拟交通速率变化的互相关系矩阵C,并对随机相互作用的零假设进行了检验。矩阵C的大部分特征值λ落在RMT对随机相关矩阵的特征值预测的范围内。拥塞流量的逆参与比(IPR)表明其局部化程度较高(随机交互的网络节点数量较少)。换句话说,IPR级别表示拥塞或相关流量的开始。因此,无线通信领域广泛采用的基于RMT的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统模型非常适用于有线系统的流量动态分析和建模。特别是RMT预测边界在真实流量中的IPR可以作为网络拥塞控制机制中的拥塞指示器。
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引用次数: 3
Experiments on Sensitivity of Template Matching for Lung Nodule Detection in Low Dose CT Scans 低剂量CT扫描肺结节检测模板匹配灵敏度实验
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458213
S. Elhabian, Hossam Abd, El Munim, S. Elshazly, Alya Farag, Mohamed Aboelghar
Template matching is a common approach for detection of lung nodules from CT scans. Templates may take different shapes, size and intensity distribution. The process of nodule detection is essentially two steps: isolation of candidate nodules, and elimination of false positive nodules. The processes of outlining the detected nodules and their classification (i.e., assigning pathology for each nodule) complete the CAD system for early detection of lung nodules. This paper is concerned with the template design and evaluating the effectiveness of the first step in the nodule detection process. The paper will neither address the problem of reducing false positives nor would it deal with nodule segmentation and classification. Only parametric templates are considered. Modeling the gray scale distribution for the templates is based on the prior knowledge of typical nodules extracted by radiologists. The effectiveness of the template matching is investigated by cross validation with respect to the ground truth and is described by hit rate curves indicating the probability of detection as function of shape, size and orientation, if applicable, of the templates. We used synthetic and sample real CT scan images in our experiments. It is found that template matching is more sensitive to additive noise than image blurring when tests conducted on synthetic data. On the sample CT scans small size circular and hollow-circular templates provided comparable results to human experts.
模板匹配是CT扫描中检测肺结节的常用方法。模板可以采取不同的形状、大小和强度分布。结节检测的过程基本上分为两个步骤:分离候选结节和消除假阳性结节。概述检测到的结节及其分类(即为每个结节指定病理)的过程完成了早期发现肺结节的CAD系统。本文关注的是模板设计和评估第一步在结节检测过程中的有效性。本文既没有解决减少误报的问题,也没有处理结节的分割和分类问题。只考虑参数模板。模板的灰度分布建模是基于放射科医生提取的典型结节的先验知识。模板匹配的有效性通过交叉验证来研究,并通过命中率曲线来描述,该曲线表明检测概率作为模板的形状、大小和方向的函数(如果适用)。我们在实验中使用了合成的和采样的真实CT扫描图像。通过对合成数据的测试,发现模板匹配对加性噪声比图像模糊更敏感。在CT扫描样本上,小尺寸圆形和空心圆形模板提供了与人类专家相当的结果。
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引用次数: 8
Fuzzy design of a video-on-demand network 视频点播网络的模糊设计
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458005
A. Abadpour, A. Alfa, Jeff Diamond
Designing a video-on-demand (VoD) system is in essence an optimization task aimed at minimizing the cost of communication and storage in the corresponding network. The decision variables of this problem are the locations of the nodes plus the content which should be cached in each node. Furthermore, an assignment strategy is needed to determine, for each customer, which node should be contacted for each video file. While this problem is categorized in the general group of network optimization problems, its specific characteristics demand a new solution to be sought for it. In this paper, inspired by the success of fuzzy optimization for similar problems in coding, a fuzzy objective function is derived which is heuristically shown to minimize the communication cost in a VoD network, while controlling the storage cost as well. Then, an iterative algorithm is proposed to find an optimum solution to the proposed problem. After addressing the mathematical details of the proposed method, a sample problem is presented followed by the solution produced for it by the proposed method. This solution is then extensively analyzed.
视频点播(VoD)系统的设计本质上是一项优化任务,其目标是最小化相应网络的通信和存储成本。这个问题的决策变量是节点的位置加上每个节点中应该缓存的内容。此外,还需要一种分配策略来确定每个客户应该为每个视频文件联系哪个节点。虽然该问题属于网络优化问题的一般类别,但其特定的特性要求对其寻求新的解决方案。本文借鉴编码中类似问题的模糊优化方法的成功经验,导出了一个模糊目标函数,启发式地给出了在控制存储成本的同时使视频点播网络的通信成本最小化的目标函数。然后,提出了一种迭代算法来寻找所提出问题的最优解。在讨论了所提出方法的数学细节后,给出了一个示例问题,然后给出了所提出方法的解。然后对该解决方案进行广泛分析。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency-Domain Analysis of the Human Brain for Studies of Autism 用于自闭症研究的人脑频域分析
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458177
Hossam Abd, El Munim, Alya Farag, Manuel F. Casanova
Geometric analysis of normal and autistic human subjects reveal distinctions in deformations in the corpus callosum (CC) that may be used for image analysis-based studies of autism. Preliminary studies showed that the CC of autistic patients is quite distinct from normal controls. We use an implicit vector representation of CC to carry out the registration process which reduces the pose differences between the CC's models. Then the complex Fourier descriptor analysis is used to extract a feature vector of each CC model. This feature is used to build a criteria of discrimination between the normal and autistic subjects. This paper introduces a new method for the 2D shape registration problem by matching vector distance functions. A variational frame work is proposed for the global and local registration of CC's. A gradient descent optimization is used which can efficiently handle both the rigid and the non-rigid operations together. The registration of real CC extracted from MRI data sets demonstrates the potential of the proposed approach. Discrimination results will be demonstrated as well to show the efficiency of the discrimination technique.
对正常和自闭症受试者的几何分析揭示了胼胝体(CC)变形的区别,这可能用于基于自闭症的图像分析研究。初步研究表明,自闭症患者的CC与正常对照者截然不同。我们使用隐式的CC向量表示来进行配准过程,从而减少了CC模型之间的位姿差异。然后利用复傅立叶描述子分析提取每个CC模型的特征向量。这个特征被用来建立一个区分正常和自闭症受试者的标准。本文介绍了一种基于矢量距离函数匹配的二维形状配准方法。提出了一种CC全局注册和局部注册的变分框架。采用梯度下降优化,可以有效地同时处理刚性和非刚性操作。从MRI数据集中提取的真实CC的配准证明了所提出方法的潜力。识别结果也将被展示,以显示识别技术的效率。
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引用次数: 3
A multi-class classification with a probabilistic localized decoder 基于概率局部解码器的多类分类
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458004
Takashi Takenouchi, Shin Ishii
Based on the framework of error-correcting output coding (ECOC), we formerly proposed a multi-class classification method in which mis-classification of each binary classifier is regarded as a bit inversion error based on a probabilistic model of the noisy channel. In this article, we propose a modification of the method, based on localized likelihood, to deal with the discrepancy of metric between assumed by binary classifiers and underlying the dataset. Experiments using a synthetic dataset are performed, and we observe the improvement by the localized method.
基于纠错输出编码(ECOC)的框架,我们提出了一种基于噪声信道概率模型的多类分类方法,该方法将每个二值分类器的误分类视为位反转错误。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于局部似然的改进方法,以处理二元分类器假设的度量与底层数据集之间的差异。在一个合成数据集上进行了实验,我们观察到了局部化方法的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Robust Speaker Recognition Using Both Vocal Source and Vocal Tract Features Estimated from Noisy Input Utterances 基于噪声源和声道特征的鲁棒说话人识别
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458157
Ning Wang, P. C. Ching, Nengheng Zheng, Tan Lee
Motivated by the mechanism of speech production, we present a novel idea of using source-tract features in training speaker models for recognition. By considering the severe degradation occurring when a speaker recognition system operates under noisy environment, which could well be due to the missing of speaker-distinctive information, we propose a robust feature estimation method that can capture the source and tract related speech properties from noisy input speech utterances. As a simple yet useful speech enhancement technique, spectral subtractive-type algorithm is employed to remove the additive noise prior to feature extraction process. It is shown through analytical derivation as well as simulation that the proposed feature estimation method leads to robust recognition performance, especially for very low signal-to-noise ratios. In the context of Gaussian mixture model-based speaker recognition with the presence of additive white Gaussian noise in the input utterances, the new approach produces consistent reduction of both identification error rate and equal error rate at signal-to-noise ratios ranging from 0 dB to 15 dB.
在语音产生机制的激励下,我们提出了一种使用源集特征来训练说话人模型进行识别的新思路。考虑到说话人识别系统在噪声环境下运行时可能由于缺乏说话人特征信息而导致的严重退化,我们提出了一种鲁棒特征估计方法,该方法可以从噪声输入语音中捕获源和通道相关的语音属性。作为一种简单而实用的语音增强技术,谱减法算法在特征提取之前去除加性噪声。通过分析推导和仿真表明,所提出的特征估计方法具有鲁棒的识别性能,特别是在非常低的信噪比下。在输入语音中存在加性高斯白噪声的基于高斯混合模型的说话人识别中,新方法在0 ~ 15 dB的信噪比范围内实现了识别错误率和等错误率的一致降低。
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引用次数: 6
An Affine Projection Algorithm with an Adaptive Step-Size Equation 具有自适应步长方程的仿射投影算法
Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458078
Khaled Mayyas
An Affine Projection (AP) adaptive algorithm employing a new adaptive step-size control equation is proposed. The variable step-size (VSS) is an efficient esti mation of a theoretical optimal one based on the minimization of the mean-square error (MSE) at each time instant. As a result, improvement in convergence speed is attained in early stages of convergence with small misadjustment near the optimum. The algorithm enhanced performance characteristics are verified by simulation examples.
提出了一种采用新的自适应步长控制方程的仿射投影自适应算法。变步长(VSS)是一种基于每个时刻均方误差(MSE)最小化的理论最优估计。结果表明,在收敛的早期,收敛速度得到了提高,在最优值附近的误差很小。通过仿真算例验证了该算法增强的性能特点。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology
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