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Aesthetic Life: Beauty and Art in Modern Japan by Miya Elise Mizuta Lippit (review) 《审美生活:现代日本的美与艺术》作者:Miya Elise Mizuta Lippit
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0041
D. Poch
Published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute HJAS 80.2 (2020): 539–544 our understanding of modern Korean Buddhism? Can we understand Korean Buddhists’ choreographing work with the colonial government without also addressing the political impact of their collaboration? Given the sensitivity of the issue, this book could have been more appealing if the author had taken more time to explain why Korean Buddhists’ choreographing work with the Japanese colonial state should be acceptable. One of the greatest values of this book, to me, is its nuanced explanation of how specific realities came to existence. What readers will find in this book is a well-crafted and well-researched report written in an eloquent storytelling style that makes reading pleasant and engaging. When a period is understood through a grand narrative of nationalism, colonialism, or even transnationalism, details of the people who actually lived those grand narratives can become obscured. This book definitely helps the reader understand seemingly familiar events, incidents, and history from different perspectives. I strongly recommend the book to anyone who is interested in Korean Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism and modernity, or in how historical events come into existence.
哈佛燕京研究所发表HJAS 80.2(2020):539–544我们对现代韩国佛教的理解?我们能理解韩国佛教徒与殖民政府的编排工作,而不考虑他们合作的政治影响吗?考虑到这个问题的敏感性,如果作者花更多的时间解释为什么韩国佛教徒与日本殖民国家的编舞工作应该是可以接受的,这本书可能会更有吸引力。对我来说,这本书最大的价值之一是它对具体现实是如何存在的细致入微的解释。读者在这本书中会发现,这是一份精心制作、经过充分研究的报告,以雄辩的讲故事风格撰写,使阅读变得愉快和引人入胜。当通过民族主义、殖民主义甚至跨民族主义的宏大叙事来理解一个时期时,那些真正生活在这些宏大叙事中的人的细节可能会变得模糊。这本书绝对有助于读者从不同的角度理解看似熟悉的事件、事件和历史。我强烈推荐这本书给任何对韩国佛教、佛教、佛教和现代性感兴趣的人,或者对历史事件是如何产生的感兴趣的。
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引用次数: 0
Chinese Architecture: A History by Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt (review) Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt的《中国建筑史》(评论)
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0046
Johnathan A. Farris
Published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute HJAS 80.2 (2020): 567–571 demonstrates Ryukyu’s unique course of development against a background of evolving networks stretching from Korea and Japan to China and Southeast Asia. Maritime Ryukyu is a significant contribution toward understanding the fluidity, hybridity, and permeability of the East Asian littoral, as well as the relevance of intra-Asia maritime development in early modern history.
哈佛燕京研究所发表的HJAS 80.2(2020):567-571展示了琉球在从韩国、日本到中国和东南亚不断发展的网络背景下的独特发展历程。琉球海洋对理解东亚沿岸的流动性、混合性和渗透性,以及现代早期亚洲内部海洋发展的相关性做出了重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Just a Song: Chinese Lyrics from the Eleventh and Early Twelfth Centuries by Stephen Owen (review) 《只是一首歌:11世纪和12世纪初的中国歌词》斯蒂芬·欧文(评论)
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0044
K. Chang
Published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute HJAS 80.2 (2020): 556–561 individual voices and contexts in ancient China obscured by monoliths like ‘Chinese thought’” (p. 224). This book will fill several yawning gaps for those prepared to understand it. It makes a strong case that conflict is a main theme, not just a feature, of astronomical history. It shows the usefulness of comparison in its interpretation. And it demonstrates how irony and humor improve upon what for most authors in the field are unrelievedly solemn analysis and narrative.
哈佛燕京研究所发表HJAS 80.2(2020):556–561古代中国的个人声音和背景被“中国思想”这样的庞然大物所掩盖”(第224页)。这本书将为那些准备理解它的人填补几个巨大的空白。它有力地证明了冲突是天文史的一个主要主题,而不仅仅是一个特征。它显示了比较在其解释中的有用性。它展示了讽刺和幽默是如何在该领域大多数作者不可否认的严肃分析和叙事的基础上得到改进的。
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引用次数: 0
Many Faces of Mulian: The Precious Scrolls of Late Imperial China by Rostislav Berezkin (review) 穆利安的许多面孔:罗斯季斯拉夫·别列兹金的中国帝国晚期珍贵卷轴(书评)
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0035
M. Bender
Rostislav Berezkin, with the publication of Many Faces of Mulian 目連: The Precious Scrolls of Late Imperial China, has presented the world of Chinese vernacular studies with a landmark work. The volume presents in-depth and well-researched information on both the precious scrolls’ (baojuan 寶卷) prosimetric tradition and the story of Mulian rescuing his mother, a Buddhist narrative that has been adapted into many styles of drama, local storytelling, and vernacular print editions. As Victor Mair notes in the foreword, the present work follows in a line of outstanding scholarship on baojuan, conducted by scholars that include Sawada Mizuho 澤田瑞穂, Daniel L. Overmyer, Che Xilun 車 錫倫, and Wilt L. Idema (p. ix). While surveying the historical baojuan traditions (which sometimes go by names other than baojuan), the author gives especial focus to clues about performance contexts embedded in the texts. In doing so, he draws on theory of the “performance school” of folkloristics, particularly the work of Richard Bauman.1 He often cites John Miles Foley, a scholar of epic, who combined the performance approach with the Parry-Lord theory, his own Immanent Art theory, and ethnopoetics theory.2 This body of theory, which is productive for the study of both oral-connected written texts and associated performances situated within specific social contexts, has informed several previous studies of Chinese vernacular and folk narrative, and it continues to be fruitful in this work.3 Berezkin is especially interested in Foley’s ideas concerning
别列兹金出版的《木联多面:中国帝制晚期珍贵书卷》,为中国白话研究领域带来了里程碑式的成果。该卷提供了深入和充分研究的信息,包括珍贵的卷轴(宝卷)的传世传统和穆连救母的故事,这是一个佛教叙事,已被改编成许多风格的戏剧,地方故事和方言印刷版。正如维克多·梅尔在前言中所指出的那样,本研究遵循了由泽田瑞穗、丹尼尔·l·奥弗迈尔、车希伦、艾德玛(p. ix)等学者开展的一系列关于宝娟的杰出学术研究。在调查历史上的宝娟传统(有时以宝娟以外的名字命名)时,作者特别关注了文本中嵌入的表演背景线索。在此过程中,他借鉴了民俗学“表演学派”的理论,尤其是理查德·鲍曼的作品。他经常引用史诗学者约翰·迈尔斯·福利的话,后者将表演方法与帕里-洛德理论、他自己的内在艺术理论和民族诗学理论结合起来这一理论体系对于研究特定社会背景下与口头联系的书面文本和相关表演都很有成效,它为之前对中国白话和民间叙事的研究提供了信息,并且在这项工作中继续卓有成效别列兹金对福利关于
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引用次数: 0
Nation-Empire: Ideology and Rural Youth Mobilization in Japan and Its Colonies by Sayaka Chatani (review) 《民族帝国:日本及其殖民地的意识形态与农村青年动员》,佐谷沙也著(综述)
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0036
S. Lim
Published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute HJAS 80.2 (2020): 506–512 other beliefs, merge with popular ritual activities, and serve secular functions in terms of popular entertainment. Berezkin suggests that there should be no hard and fast division between the middleand late-period bao juan. Rather, they should be considered as “a single genre with continuity in social and ritual meaning” (p. 174). Through the vehicle of bao juan, readers gain insight into the interplay between the written and oral in Chinese vernacular narrative in relation to various audiences of differing social backgrounds and in relation to stillaccessible living traditions in southern Jiangsu and western China. In sum, Many Faces of Mulian is a timely treatment of a multifaceted and multifunctional tradition that is at once verbal art and ritual. This tradition may—if conditions of transmission allow—continue to evolve in response to the waves of the Intangible Cultural Heritage initiative and the current nativist emphasis on reviving, sustaining, and reifying positive cultural practices, as well as local factors.
哈佛燕京学社HJAS 80.2(2020): 506-512其他信仰,与大众仪式活动融合,在大众娱乐方面服务于世俗功能。别列兹金认为,宝娟中后期不应该有严格的划分。相反,它们应该被视为“具有社会和仪式意义连续性的单一体裁”(第174页)。通过宝娟这个载体,读者可以深入了解中国白话叙事中书面和口头的相互作用,以及不同社会背景的不同受众,以及苏南和中国西部仍然可以接触到的生活传统。总之,《穆莲的许多面》及时地处理了一个多面和多功能的传统,它既是语言艺术,又是仪式。如果传播条件允许,这种传统可能会继续演变,以应对非物质文化遗产倡议的浪潮,以及当前本土主义者强调的复兴、维持和具体化积极的文化习俗,以及当地因素。
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引用次数: 0
Voices in Modern Japan 现代日本的声音
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0031
Raja Adal
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引用次数: 0
Maritime Ryukyu, 1050–1650 by Gregory Smits (review) 《琉球海事》,1050–1650,Gregory Smits著(综述)
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0045
H. Zurndorfer
Published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute HJAS 80.2 (2020): 561–567 extant works” (p. 379). Gripping comments such as this one demands the reader’s full power of analysis while reading Owen’s work. If I have any criticism of Owen’s book, it would be his claim that Liu Yong’s ci was not read as “literature,” for it was merely “performance” (p. 87). Furthermore, Owen believes that Liu Yong was someone who “knew the phrases of the love game” and knew how to perform “love” (pp. 73, 75). But surely Owen cannot deny that Huang Chang, who compared Liu Yong to the sage poet Du Fu, would never have thought that Liu Yong was merely performing as a male lover. As Owen mentions, Huang Chang might have read a version of the Yuezhang ji that was quite different from the one we have come to know. Also, even if Liu Yong regularly wrote songs for singing girls to perform, it does not mean that his songs were not a true expression of his feelings. Owen even acknowledges that Liu Yong expressed “his own emotions as directly as women singers had been made to do in Dunhuang songs and in his own songs” and that “such directness spilled over into the way he represented other things, including landscapes” (p. 270). As such, the strength of Owen’s book comes not from a linear argument but rather from his wisdom in making judgment and hypothesis while confronting the lack of certainty regarding our knowledge of early lyric collections. Owen does a brilliant job in this respect.
哈佛-燕京研究所出版HJAS 80.2(2020): 561-567现存作品”(第379页)。像这样扣人心弦的评论要求读者在阅读欧文的作品时具备充分的分析能力。如果我对欧文的书有什么批评的话,那就是他声称刘墉的词不能被当作“文学”来读,因为它仅仅是“表演”(第87页)。此外,欧文认为刘永是一个“知道爱情游戏的短语”,知道如何表演“爱情”的人(第73、75页)。但欧文肯定不能否认,把刘墉比作圣贤杜甫的黄昌绝不会想到,刘墉仅仅是在扮演一个男性情人。正如欧文提到的,黄畅可能读过一个版本的《月章记》,与我们现在所知道的版本大不相同。此外,即使刘永经常为唱歌的女孩写歌,也不意味着他的歌不是他情感的真实表达。欧文甚至承认刘永“直接表达自己的情感,就像敦煌歌曲和他自己的歌曲中女歌手所做的那样”,而且“这种直接渗透到他表现其他事物的方式中,包括风景”(第270页)。因此,欧文这本书的力量不是来自线性的论证,而是来自他在面对我们对早期抒情诗集的知识缺乏确定性时做出判断和假设的智慧。欧文在这方面做得很出色。
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引用次数: 0
The Korean Buddhist Empire: A Transnational History (1910–1945) by Hwansoo Ilmee Kim (review) 《朝鲜佛教帝国:跨国史(1910-1945)》,金(Hwanso-Ilmee Kim)(评论)
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0040
Jin Y. Park
The dominant discourses on modern Korean Buddhism tend to rely on a dualistic paradigm that places nationalists on one side and collaborators on the other. In this understanding, Korean Buddhism is identified as pure Buddhism, which requires monastics to maintain celibacy and a vegetarian diet, whereas Japanese Buddhism is contaminated, since Japanese monastics may marry and eat meat. Problems of such a paradigm have been pointed out by scholars, especially in the Englishspeaking world. Hwansoo Ilmee Kim, the author of Korean Buddhist Empire: A Transnational History (1910–1945), is one of the major voices whose scholarship challenges the dualistic evaluation and gives attention to the complex reality of Korean Buddhism in modern times. Kim’s first book, Empire of the Dharma, covers the development of Korean Buddhism from 1877, when the first Japanese Buddhist temple opened in Korea, until 1912, the year after the Temple Ordinance was promulgated by the Japanese colonial government to control Korean Buddhism.1 In that book, Kim offers a nuanced discussion of the interactions between Korean and Japanese Buddhism and problematizes the claim that Korean Buddhism was a mere victim of Japanese Buddhism’s missionary invasion during this period. Kim’s second monograph further reveals the intricate relationship among East Asian Buddhisms during the time from 1910, when Japan annexed Korea, until 1945, the year of Korea’s liberation from colonial rule. The author’s tool for understanding Korean Buddhism in this book is transnationality. Applying the concept to Buddhism, Kim states that “transnational Buddhism . . . points to a larger Buddhist geography and consciousness in which East Asian Buddhists came together as representatives of their national Buddhisms to work toward common goals” (p. 6). Transnational Buddhism for the author “captures the kind of shared community that Buddhist leaders from different countries envisioned” and
现代韩国佛教的主流话语往往依赖于一种二元范式,将民族主义者放在一边,将合作者放在另一边。根据这一理解,韩国佛教被认定为纯佛教,要求僧侣保持独身和素食,而日本佛教则受到污染,因为日本僧侣可能结婚并吃肉。学者们指出了这种范式的问题,尤其是在英语世界。《朝鲜佛教帝国:跨国史》(1910-1945)一书的作者金(Hwanso-Ilmee Kim)是学术界挑战二元评价、关注现代朝鲜佛教复杂现实的主要声音之一。金的第一本书《大法帝国》讲述了从1877年第一座日本佛教寺庙在韩国开业到1912年,即日本殖民政府颁布《寺庙条例》以控制韩国佛教的那一年,韩国佛教的发展。1在这本书中,金对韩国和日本佛教之间的互动进行了细致的讨论,并对韩国佛教只是这一时期日本佛教传教士入侵的受害者的说法提出了质疑。金的第二本专著进一步揭示了从1910年日本吞并朝鲜到1945年朝鲜从殖民统治中解放的东亚佛教之间的复杂关系。作者在这本书中理解韩国佛教的工具是跨国籍。金将这一概念应用于佛教,他表示“跨国佛教……指向了一个更大的佛教地理和意识,在这个地理和意识中,东亚佛教徒作为其国家佛教徒的代表聚集在一起,为共同的目标而努力”(第6页)。作者认为,跨国佛教“捕捉到了来自不同国家的佛教领袖所设想的那种共同社区”
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引用次数: 0
Rebirth as an Animal in Early Medieval Buddhism and Daoism 中世纪早期佛教和道教中的动物重生
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0029
Stephen R. Bokenkamp
abstract:The doctrine of rebirth, particularly rebirth as an animal, was for early medieval Chinese one of the most difficult Buddhist doctrines to accept. This article explores the influence of pre-Buddhist Chinese ideas concerning the human-animal continuum on elaborations in tales of rebirth as an animal that appeared in apocryphal Buddhist scriptures likely written in China and in a late sixth-century Daoist scripture. I argue that this Daoist scripture borrowed Buddhist formulas explaining rebirth through the medium of a confession text authored by the Buddhist monks surrounding Liang Wudi 梁武帝 (r. 502–549), the first Chinese emperor to adopt the Buddhist religion. These texts elaborate a karmic hierarchy of beings, extending from the most loathsome of animals to the most exalted of humans. Thus these texts elucidate the social and political utility of the idea of animal rebirth for the religious writers who presented it to the ruling elite.䷃锣:轉世爲動物是中國中古早期最受抵觸的佛教觀念之一。本文探討古代人與動物之間的鬆散邊界及其對佛教偽經與一部六世紀晚期道經中轉世爲動物敘事的影響,並認爲這部道經模仿了梁武帝治下僧人撰成懺悔文中的輪迴觀,最後對階層式的輪迴概念及其社會政治作用加以闡述。
摘要:再生说,尤其是动物再生说,是中国中世纪早期最难接受的佛教教义之一。这篇文章探讨了佛教前中国关于人与动物连续体的思想对动物重生故事的影响,这些故事出现在可能是中国写的伪经和六世纪末的道教经文中。我认为,这部道教经典借用了佛教公式,通过梁无棣周围的佛教僧侣撰写的忏悔文本来解释重生梁武帝 (502–549年在位),中国第一位信奉佛教的皇帝。这些文本阐述了存在的业力等级,从最令人厌恶的动物延伸到最崇高的人类。因此,这些文本阐明了动物重生思想对向统治精英提出的宗教作家的社会和政治效用。䷃锣:轉世爲動物是中國中古早期最受抵觸的佛教觀念之一。本文探討古代人與動物之間的鬆散邊界及其對佛教偽經與一部六世紀晚期道經中轉世爲動物敘事的影響,並認爲這部道經模仿了梁武帝治下僧人撰成懺悔文中的輪迴觀,最後對階層式的輪迴概念及其社會政治作用加以闡述。
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引用次数: 0
Seeking Śākyamuni: South Asia in the Formation of Modern Japanese Buddhism by Richard M. Jaffe (review) 《寻找西雅牟尼:现代日本佛教形成中的南亚》,Richard M.Jaffe著(综述)
4区 历史学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1353/jas.2020.0039
J. Ketelaar
Published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute HJAS 80.2 (2020): 526–532 nothing to our understanding of the narratives’ religious meaning. So, why bother? However, let this quibble not detract from my overwhelmingly positive evaluation of Ter Haar’s work. This book will be an inspiration for research in much wider fields of Chinese religious history, and it sets the standard for all future studies in the narrower sector of Lord Guan’s cult. It is not a conclusive study, but it opens up many new important vistas from which scholars may view and investigate beliefs and practices surrounding Lord Guan. Aside from post-1949 developments, I am thinking here in particular of the many themes touched on in this rich work that invite further study, including the still-puzzling question of Lord Guan’s function as god of wealth as well as the intertextual relationships of the nineteenth-century scriptures that integrate concepts from so-called “sectarian” textual traditions. Finally, for anyone interested in the interplay of written and oral traditions in premodern China, this work offers much stimulation through its empirical data, its finely honed argumentation, and its methodological reflexivity.
哈佛燕京研究所发表HJAS 80.2(2020):526–532与我们对叙事的宗教意义的理解无关。那么,为什么要麻烦呢?然而,让这个狡辩不要减损我对特尔·哈尔工作的压倒性积极评价。这本书将对更广泛的中国宗教史领域的研究产生启发,并为未来关崇拜这一狭窄领域的所有研究树立了标准。这不是一个结论性的研究,但它开辟了许多新的重要视角,学者们可以从中看待和调查关的信仰和实践。除了1949年后的发展,我在这里特别想到了这部丰富的作品中涉及的许多主题,这些主题值得进一步研究,包括关作为财神的功能这一仍然令人困惑的问题,以及十九世纪经典中融合了所谓“宗派”文本传统概念的互文关系。最后,对于任何对前现代中国书面和口头传统的相互作用感兴趣的人来说,这部作品通过其经验数据、精心打磨的论证和方法论的自反性提供了很多刺激。
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引用次数: 0
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