Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3321873
Seyedamin Hashemi;Sri Kirthi Kandala;Benjamin Agbo;Zachary A. Colwell;Kwanjoon Song;Renxuan Xie;Sung-Min Sohn
Flexible, stretchable, and MR-invisible dielectric materials were studied to increase the local magnetic field (B 1 ) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in magnetic resonance imaging. An electromagnetic simulation was performed with different dielectric constants and physical structures to measure the effects on the magnetic field (H) distribution and the specific absorption rate (SAR). After flexible and stretchable dielectric pads composed of silicon carbide (SiC)- and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 )-based polymer mixtures were fabricated, MR imaging tests with two isotropic phantoms and an oxtail sample were performed in a preclinical 7 T scanner (BioSpec scanner, Bruker). The B 1 field intensities and SNR were compared with a reference image. Also, additional noise and image artifacts were evaluated. Simulation results show that wrapping an object with a dielectric material is the most effective method to increase the intensity and uniformity of the H field. The results of MR imaging consistently show a higher B 1 field intensity and SNR when utilizing dielectric materials. An improvement of 25.78% and 18.27% in SNR was observed when SiC- and BaTiO 3 -based dielectric pads were wrapped around an oxtail, respectively. In this work, the first stretchable dielectric materials with MR-invisibility were developed, and their performance was demonstrated with 7 T MR imaging.
{"title":"Flexible, Stretchable, and MR-Invisible Dielectric Material for Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Seyedamin Hashemi;Sri Kirthi Kandala;Benjamin Agbo;Zachary A. Colwell;Kwanjoon Song;Renxuan Xie;Sung-Min Sohn","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3321873","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3321873","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible, stretchable, and MR-invisible dielectric materials were studied to increase the local magnetic field (B\u0000<sub>1</sub>\u0000) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in magnetic resonance imaging. An electromagnetic simulation was performed with different dielectric constants and physical structures to measure the effects on the magnetic field (H) distribution and the specific absorption rate (SAR). After flexible and stretchable dielectric pads composed of silicon carbide (SiC)- and barium titanate (BaTiO\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000)-based polymer mixtures were fabricated, MR imaging tests with two isotropic phantoms and an oxtail sample were performed in a preclinical 7 T scanner (BioSpec scanner, Bruker). The B\u0000<sub>1</sub>\u0000 field intensities and SNR were compared with a reference image. Also, additional noise and image artifacts were evaluated. Simulation results show that wrapping an object with a dielectric material is the most effective method to increase the intensity and uniformity of the H field. The results of MR imaging consistently show a higher B\u0000<sub>1</sub>\u0000 field intensity and SNR when utilizing dielectric materials. An improvement of 25.78% and 18.27% in SNR was observed when SiC- and BaTiO\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000-based dielectric pads were wrapped around an oxtail, respectively. In this work, the first stretchable dielectric materials with MR-invisibility were developed, and their performance was demonstrated with 7 T MR imaging.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"432-439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136374014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3321423
Peixian Zhu;Shouhei Kidera
This study introduces an experimental validation for the complex permittivity profile reconstruction using the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network (NN) approach for quantitative microwave recognition of breast cancer. A direct conversion from the four-dimensional scattered data to the complex permittivity three-dimensional profile can be achieved by combining the MLP-NN and the skin surface rejection preprocessing. The experimental data, measured by ultra-wideband radar equipment using a simplified breast phantom, validates that our approach provides both the real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity profiles, even when using limited numbers of training datasets.
{"title":"Complex Permittivity Reconstruction Using Skin Surface Reflection and Neural Network for Microwave Breast Imaging","authors":"Peixian Zhu;Shouhei Kidera","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3321423","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3321423","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces an experimental validation for the complex permittivity profile reconstruction using the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network (NN) approach for quantitative microwave recognition of breast cancer. A direct conversion from the four-dimensional scattered data to the complex permittivity three-dimensional profile can be achieved by combining the MLP-NN and the skin surface rejection preprocessing. The experimental data, measured by ultra-wideband radar equipment using a simplified breast phantom, validates that our approach provides both the real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity profiles, even when using limited numbers of training datasets.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"425-431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136374271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3321974
Stefan Brückner;Jasmin Kolpak;Fabian Michler;Nikita Shanin;Robert Schober;Amelie Hagelauer;Robert Weigel;Heiko Gaßner;Jürgen Winkler;Björn M. Eskofier;Martin Vossiek
Real-time sensory recording of the musculoskeletal system function is an important tool for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and optimal treatment execution of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and osteoarthritis. This article presents a new wireless joint communication and localization electromyography (EMG)-sensing concept. An on-body sensor beacon measures EMG signals and wirelessly transmits them. At the same time, the spatial position and movement of the beacon is determined with high precision in real time using these transmitted radio signals. The seamless integration of multiple sensors avoids the need to synchronize and individually set up multiple independently operating sensors. An outstanding feature of the radio localization approach is that it does not require proprietary ultra-wideband signals or complicated time synchronization protocols, allowing for small and energy-efficient implementation. To demonstrate this novel concept, a wireless 3D-localizable EMG sensor was developed and experimentally evaluated. This new type of sensing concept allows, for the first time, the time-synchronous measurement of muscle activity and the underlying movement of the associated body part.
{"title":"A Wireless Joint Communication and Localization EMG-Sensing Concept for Movement Disorder Assessment","authors":"Stefan Brückner;Jasmin Kolpak;Fabian Michler;Nikita Shanin;Robert Schober;Amelie Hagelauer;Robert Weigel;Heiko Gaßner;Jürgen Winkler;Björn M. Eskofier;Martin Vossiek","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3321974","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3321974","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time sensory recording of the musculoskeletal system function is an important tool for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and optimal treatment execution of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and osteoarthritis. This article presents a new wireless joint communication and localization electromyography (EMG)-sensing concept. An on-body sensor beacon measures EMG signals and wirelessly transmits them. At the same time, the spatial position and movement of the beacon is determined with high precision in real time using these transmitted radio signals. The seamless integration of multiple sensors avoids the need to synchronize and individually set up multiple independently operating sensors. An outstanding feature of the radio localization approach is that it does not require proprietary ultra-wideband signals or complicated time synchronization protocols, allowing for small and energy-efficient implementation. To demonstrate this novel concept, a wireless 3D-localizable EMG sensor was developed and experimentally evaluated. This new type of sensing concept allows, for the first time, the time-synchronous measurement of muscle activity and the underlying movement of the associated body part.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"440-449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10286030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3317304
Syed Doha Uddin;Md. Shafkat Hossain;Shekh M. M. Islam;Victor Lubecke
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep disorder that consists of multiple episodes of partial or complete closure (apnea, hypopnea) of the upper airway during sleep and underdiagnosed problems as there is no reliable portable in-home sleep monitoring system. Doppler radar system is gaining attention as an in-home sleep monitoring system due to its non-contact and unobtrusive form of measurement. Prior research on Radar-based sleep monitoring systems mostly focused on distinguishing apnea and normal breathing patterns using radar-reflected signal amplitude that can't distinguish accurately apnea and hypopnea events. Apnea and hypopnea events were distinguished using effective radar cross-section (ERCS) for short-scale study and ERCS changes with sleeping postures and so on. In this work, we proposed a heart rate variability-based robust feature extraction technique to distinguish different sleep disorder events such as apnea, hypopnea, and normal breathing. HRV-based feature extraction technique was employed on ten consented OSA participants' clinical studies to find a distinguishable feature known as the power of the low-frequency band (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency band (HF) (0.15-0.4 Hz). The extracted hyper-feature (HF and LF) was then integrated with the traditional Machine learning classifiers (ML) including k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest. SVM outperformed other classifiers with an accuracy of 97% for distinguishing different OSA events that also supersedes other reported results (ERCS). The proposed method has several potential applications including in-home sleep monitoring, OSA severity detection, respiratory disorder detection, and so on.
{"title":"Heart Rate Variability-Based Obstructive Sleep Apnea Events Classification Using Microwave Doppler Radar","authors":"Syed Doha Uddin;Md. Shafkat Hossain;Shekh M. M. Islam;Victor Lubecke","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3317304","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3317304","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep disorder that consists of multiple episodes of partial or complete closure (apnea, hypopnea) of the upper airway during sleep and underdiagnosed problems as there is no reliable portable in-home sleep monitoring system. Doppler radar system is gaining attention as an in-home sleep monitoring system due to its non-contact and unobtrusive form of measurement. Prior research on Radar-based sleep monitoring systems mostly focused on distinguishing apnea and normal breathing patterns using radar-reflected signal amplitude that can't distinguish accurately apnea and hypopnea events. Apnea and hypopnea events were distinguished using effective radar cross-section (ERCS) for short-scale study and ERCS changes with sleeping postures and so on. In this work, we proposed a heart rate variability-based robust feature extraction technique to distinguish different sleep disorder events such as apnea, hypopnea, and normal breathing. HRV-based feature extraction technique was employed on ten consented OSA participants' clinical studies to find a distinguishable feature known as the power of the low-frequency band (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency band (HF) (0.15-0.4 Hz). The extracted hyper-feature (HF and LF) was then integrated with the traditional Machine learning classifiers (ML) including k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest. SVM outperformed other classifiers with an accuracy of 97% for distinguishing different OSA events that also supersedes other reported results (ERCS). The proposed method has several potential applications including in-home sleep monitoring, OSA severity detection, respiratory disorder detection, and so on.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"416-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135794999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3309935
Kun Li;Kensuke Sasaki;Giulia Sacco;Maxim Zhadobov
This study presents a statistical assessment of clothed human skin model exposure from 20 to 100 GHz. Dielectric property data for two typical textile materials, i.e., cotton and wool, were provided for the first time over the entire frequency range. A statistical analysis of the ratio of absorbed power density (APD) to skin temperature elevation was performed by Monte Carlo simulations using a multi-layer skin model with a textile layer. Three key parameters, namely the angle of incidence, cross-polarization power ratio ( $bm {XPR}$ ), and air gap spacing between cloth and skin surface, were considered in the dosimetry analysis. The results show that at an incidence angle up to 60 $^circ$ , fluctuations of the ratio are observed by varying $bm {XPR}$ from $-$ 50 to 50 dB. In the 20–100 GHz range, when the $bm {XPR}$ is less than 0 dB, i.e., horizontally polarized wave is dominant, the impact on the ratio caused by either the incident angle or the air gap spacing is marginal. The deviation is increased when $bm {XPR}$ exceeds 0 dB, i.e., vertically polarized wave is dominant, especially above 60 GHz at the incidence angles above 60 $^circ$ .
{"title":"Clothing Effect on Multilayered Skin Model Exposure From 20 GHz to 100 GHz","authors":"Kun Li;Kensuke Sasaki;Giulia Sacco;Maxim Zhadobov","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3309935","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3309935","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a statistical assessment of clothed human skin model exposure from 20 to 100 GHz. Dielectric property data for two typical textile materials, i.e., cotton and wool, were provided for the first time over the entire frequency range. A statistical analysis of the ratio of absorbed power density (APD) to skin temperature elevation was performed by Monte Carlo simulations using a multi-layer skin model with a textile layer. Three key parameters, namely the angle of incidence, cross-polarization power ratio (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {XPR}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), and air gap spacing between cloth and skin surface, were considered in the dosimetry analysis. The results show that at an incidence angle up to 60\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, fluctuations of the ratio are observed by varying \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {XPR}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 from \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u000050 to 50 dB. In the 20–100 GHz range, when the \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {XPR}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 is less than 0 dB, i.e., horizontally polarized wave is dominant, the impact on the ratio caused by either the incident angle or the air gap spacing is marginal. The deviation is increased when \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {XPR}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 exceeds 0 dB, i.e., vertically polarized wave is dominant, especially above 60 GHz at the incidence angles above 60\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"408-415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90563003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3308377
Sabrina Rotundo;Danilo Brizi;Agostino Monorchio
In this article, the theoretical and experimental feasibility analyses of a high-sensitivity imaging system for non-invasive detection of pathological inclusions within biological tissues are presented. The radiating system, exploiting a low frequency magnetic field operating at 3 MHz, consists of an inner resonant spiral sensor, inductively coupled to an unloaded external planar probe loop. The proposed configuration produces a focused magnetic field distribution, therefore a high-sensitivity imaging with respect to the wavelength can be accomplished (detecting inclusions with size in the order of λ/10000, i.e., 1 cm). In particular, the inclusion detection is carried out by observing the amplitude shift of the external probe loop input impedance while scanning the region of interest, leading to a non-invasive and contactless imaging procedure. In addition, we demonstrate the possibility to detect an inclusion, placed within the investigated tissue, either with or without the use of a ferromagnetic contrast medium. To evaluate the proposed imaging system effectiveness, we first perform full-wave numerical simulations. Then, we report the experimental measurements acquired over a fabricated prototype interacting with a representative biological phantom, observing a very good agreement with the numerical simulations. The results confirm the potential for an innovative near-field imaging system to be employed for non-invasive detection of malignant inclusions, expanding the adoption of low RF frequencies in biomedical applications.
{"title":"On the Feasibility of a High-Sensitivity Imaging System for Biomedical Applications Based on Low-Frequency Magnetic Field","authors":"Sabrina Rotundo;Danilo Brizi;Agostino Monorchio","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3308377","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3308377","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the theoretical and experimental feasibility analyses of a high-sensitivity imaging system for non-invasive detection of pathological inclusions within biological tissues are presented. The radiating system, exploiting a low frequency magnetic field operating at 3 MHz, consists of an inner resonant spiral sensor, inductively coupled to an unloaded external planar probe loop. The proposed configuration produces a focused magnetic field distribution, therefore a high-sensitivity imaging with respect to the wavelength can be accomplished (detecting inclusions with size in the order of λ/10000, i.e., 1 cm). In particular, the inclusion detection is carried out by observing the amplitude shift of the external probe loop input impedance while scanning the region of interest, leading to a non-invasive and contactless imaging procedure. In addition, we demonstrate the possibility to detect an inclusion, placed within the investigated tissue, either with or without the use of a ferromagnetic contrast medium. To evaluate the proposed imaging system effectiveness, we first perform full-wave numerical simulations. Then, we report the experimental measurements acquired over a fabricated prototype interacting with a representative biological phantom, observing a very good agreement with the numerical simulations. The results confirm the potential for an innovative near-field imaging system to be employed for non-invasive detection of malignant inclusions, expanding the adoption of low RF frequencies in biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"400-407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10236580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77030470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3307220
Muthu Rattina Subash Ramu;Kavitha Arunachalam
A 434 MHz patch antenna encapsulated in a planar metal cavity is reported for hyperthermia (HT) treatment of superficial cancers. The optimized patch antenna is 3.6 cm $ times$ 3.6 cm with return loss > 20 dB, ―10 dB bandwidth of 14 MHz, and predominantly tangential electric field in the near field at 434 MHz. Antenna effective field size (EFS) and penetration depth observed from simulation are 17.22 cm2 and 1.26 cm, respectively. The antenna optimized using bulk body tissue was assessed on heterogeneous human body model followed by experimental verification on tissue-mimicking phantom and ex-vivo bovine tissues. Thermal EFS (TEFS) and thermal effective penetration depth (TEPD) of 20.92 cm2 and 2.05 cm measured in tissue phantoms are comparable to 18.61 cm2 and 2.19 cm determined in simulations. Experiments on homogeneous tissue phantom and heterogeneous ex-vivo bovine tissues show localized power deposition in agreement with the simulations. The metal encapsulated patch antenna with EFS to aperture area ratio of 1.33 is well suited for HT treatment of localized superficial cancer. It is also concluded that it could be used for designing planar array capable of delivering adjustable heating pattern to treat large area diffused superficial cancers.
{"title":"Miniaturized 434 MHz Cavity Encapsulated Patch Antenna for Superficial Hyperthermia Treatment","authors":"Muthu Rattina Subash Ramu;Kavitha Arunachalam","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3307220","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3307220","url":null,"abstract":"A 434 MHz patch antenna encapsulated in a planar metal cavity is reported for hyperthermia (HT) treatment of superficial cancers. The optimized patch antenna is 3.6 cm $ times$ 3.6 cm with return loss > 20 dB, ―10 dB bandwidth of 14 MHz, and predominantly tangential electric field in the near field at 434 MHz. Antenna effective field size (EFS) and penetration depth observed from simulation are 17.22 cm2 and 1.26 cm, respectively. The antenna optimized using bulk body tissue was assessed on heterogeneous human body model followed by experimental verification on tissue-mimicking phantom and ex-vivo bovine tissues. Thermal EFS (TEFS) and thermal effective penetration depth (TEPD) of 20.92 cm2 and 2.05 cm measured in tissue phantoms are comparable to 18.61 cm2 and 2.19 cm determined in simulations. Experiments on homogeneous tissue phantom and heterogeneous ex-vivo bovine tissues show localized power deposition in agreement with the simulations. The metal encapsulated patch antenna with EFS to aperture area ratio of 1.33 is well suited for HT treatment of localized superficial cancer. It is also concluded that it could be used for designing planar array capable of delivering adjustable heating pattern to treat large area diffused superficial cancers.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"392-399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77017011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3302662
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3302662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3302662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 3","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7397573/10226431/10226442.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50291929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2023.3302666
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF, and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology About this Journal","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3302666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3302666","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 3","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7397573/10226431/10226437.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50404733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we report a coaxial antenna consisting of a flexible Y-monopole with dual-band operation and low-profile wideband flexible ferrite choke for delivering localized HT treatment at shallow insertion depth of 50 mm inside the cervix using custom fabricated non-metallic intrauterine cervix tandem of 8 mm outer diameter and 1 mm wall thickness. Variable treatment coverage was achieved by selecting the excitation of the dual-band Y-monopole as 915 and 1300 MHz. The Y-monopole is a coaxial wire with a Y-split in the exposed inner conductor and wideband flexible ferrite sheet on the outer conductor to suppress the secondary current. The water loaded Y-monopole inside the intrauterine tandem cervix applicator with 15° bend angle resonated at 915 and 1300 MHz for arm lengths of 21 and 13.5 mm, respectively. The heating characteristics of Y-monopole was assessed using tissue-mimicking phantoms. Phantom measurements indicate dual band operation with power reflection coefficient $ leq -$ 24 dB at 915 and 1300 MHz. The measured extents of 25% axial specific absorption rate in tissue phantom at 915 and 1300 MHz is 39.4 and 28.4 mm, respectively. Localized power deposition with $Delta T = 3$ °C iso-contour of 46.3 mm × 39.2 mm and 37 mm × 31 mm along axial and radial directions was measured at 915 and 1300 MHz, respectively. Phantom measurements demonstrate the ability of the proposed antenna to deliver variable treatment volume to the cervix through 15° intrauterine tandem.
在这项工作中，我们报道了一种同轴天线，由双波段操作的柔性y单极子和低配置宽带柔性铁氧体扼流圈组成，用于在宫颈内50 mm的浅插入深度提供局部高温治疗，使用定制的外径8 mm，壁厚1 mm的非金属宫内子宫颈串联。通过选择双频y单极子激励为915和1300 MHz，实现了不同的处理覆盖。y型单极子是同轴导线，在外露的内导体上有y型裂口，在外导体上有宽带柔性铁氧体片以抑制二次电流。当臂长为21和13.5 mm时，子宫内串联子宫颈施药器内载水y单极子的共振频率分别为915和1300 MHz，弯曲角度为15°。采用组织模拟模型对y型单极子的加热特性进行了评估。幻影测量表明双频工作功率反射系数$ leq -$ 24 dB在915和1300 MHz。测量范围为25% axial specific absorption rate in tissue phantom at 915 and 1300 MHz is 39.4 and 28.4 mm, respectively. Localized power deposition with $Delta T = 3$ °C iso-contour of 46.3 mm × 39.2 mm and 37 mm × 31 mm along axial and radial directions was measured at 915 and 1300 MHz, respectively. Phantom measurements demonstrate the ability of the proposed antenna to deliver variable treatment volume to the cervix through 15° intrauterine tandem.
{"title":"Dual Band Coaxial Y-Monopole for Hyperthermia Treatment of Cervical Cancer Delivered Through an Intrauterine Tandem","authors":"Shabeeb Ahamed KP;Joseph Prashanth Britto;Kavitha Arunachalam","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3304547","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3304547","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we report a coaxial antenna consisting of a flexible Y-monopole with dual-band operation and low-profile wideband flexible ferrite choke for delivering localized HT treatment at shallow insertion depth of 50 mm inside the cervix using custom fabricated non-metallic intrauterine cervix tandem of 8 mm outer diameter and 1 mm wall thickness. Variable treatment coverage was achieved by selecting the excitation of the dual-band Y-monopole as 915 and 1300 MHz. The Y-monopole is a coaxial wire with a Y-split in the exposed inner conductor and wideband flexible ferrite sheet on the outer conductor to suppress the secondary current. The water loaded Y-monopole inside the intrauterine tandem cervix applicator with 15° bend angle resonated at 915 and 1300 MHz for arm lengths of 21 and 13.5 mm, respectively. The heating characteristics of Y-monopole was assessed using tissue-mimicking phantoms. Phantom measurements indicate dual band operation with power reflection coefficient \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$ leq -$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 24 dB at 915 and 1300 MHz. The measured extents of 25% axial specific absorption rate in tissue phantom at 915 and 1300 MHz is 39.4 and 28.4 mm, respectively. Localized power deposition with \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$Delta T = 3$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 °C iso-contour of 46.3 mm × 39.2 mm and 37 mm × 31 mm along axial and radial directions was measured at 915 and 1300 MHz, respectively. Phantom measurements demonstrate the ability of the proposed antenna to deliver variable treatment volume to the cervix through 15° intrauterine tandem.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"375-382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76762659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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