Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2024.3400475
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF, and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology About this Journal","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3400475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3400475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10536695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2024.3373537
Yuchen Gu;Dustin Kendig;Mo Shakouri;Daniel W. van der Weide
We demonstrate an applicator array based on split ring resonators (SRR) and microstrip coupled lines to serve as a dual-mode tool to conduct both microwave sensing and hyperthermia for skin cancer. The prototype applicator is realized on a low-cost, multi-layer substrate and designed to host 3 × 3 unit cells in which each unit in a row is tuned to a separate frequency ranging from 8 to 15 GHz (unloaded). E-field enhancement is achieved across the sensing regions between SRR loop terminals by feeding magnetically coupled energy to SRRs through microstrip transmission lines. The concentrated E-field leads to the applicator's high sensitivity that is also enhanced by the via fences surrounding the unit cells. EM simulation and equivalent circuit extraction are analyzed to ensure resonance consistency. We further observe the sensing capability on different skin-mimicking, off-the-shelf animal tissue in both simulations and experiments by distinguishing resonance shift and attenuation with different material under test (MUT). Coupled with transient infrared imaging, we further demonstrate hyperthermia capabilities of the applicator using skin-mimicking tissue. Using less than 5 W of input power, the applicator can induce therapeutic temperature elevation.
{"title":"Dual Mode Split Ring Resonator Sensing and Hyperthermia Array for Skin","authors":"Yuchen Gu;Dustin Kendig;Mo Shakouri;Daniel W. van der Weide","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3373537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3373537","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate an applicator array based on split ring resonators (SRR) and microstrip coupled lines to serve as a dual-mode tool to conduct both microwave sensing and hyperthermia for skin cancer. The prototype applicator is realized on a low-cost, multi-layer substrate and designed to host 3 × 3 unit cells in which each unit in a row is tuned to a separate frequency ranging from 8 to 15 GHz (unloaded). E-field enhancement is achieved across the sensing regions between SRR loop terminals by feeding magnetically coupled energy to SRRs through microstrip transmission lines. The concentrated E-field leads to the applicator's high sensitivity that is also enhanced by the via fences surrounding the unit cells. EM simulation and equivalent circuit extraction are analyzed to ensure resonance consistency. We further observe the sensing capability on different skin-mimicking, off-the-shelf animal tissue in both simulations and experiments by distinguishing resonance shift and attenuation with different material under test (MUT). Coupled with transient infrared imaging, we further demonstrate hyperthermia capabilities of the applicator using skin-mimicking tissue. Using less than 5 W of input power, the applicator can induce therapeutic temperature elevation.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 3","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A microwave thorax imaging system is designed for human respiration monitoring. A compact low-profile symmetrical dipole antenna is designed as sensing antenna. A 16-antenna array is fabricated and mounted on a wearable belt. The antenna array is controlled by a switch matrix and the data acquisition is completed with a vector network analyzer. During the measurement, each antenna acts as a transmitter alternately and the other antennas act as the receivers. Human respiration experiments are conducted and S-parameters are measured continuously during respiration. The Jacobian Weighted One-step Supervised Descent Method (SDM) is applied to the reconstruction of both synthetic and measured data. The distribution of dielectric properties in human thorax is reconstructed and the results verify the feasibility of monitoring human respiration with microwave.
设计了一种用于人体呼吸监测的微波胸部成像系统。设计了一个小巧的对称偶极子天线作为传感天线。制作了一个 16 天线阵列，并安装在可穿戴腰带上。天线阵列由开关矩阵控制，数据采集由矢量网络分析仪完成。在测量过程中，每个天线交替充当发射器，其他天线充当接收器。进行人体呼吸实验，在呼吸过程中连续测量 S 参数。雅各布加权一步监督下降法（SDM）被应用于合成数据和测量数据的重建。重建了人体胸部的介电特性分布，结果验证了用微波监测人体呼吸的可行性。
{"title":"Study on Microwave Thorax Imaging for Human Respiration Monitoring","authors":"Haolin Zhang;Tong Zhang;Maokun Li;Fan Yang;Shenheng Xu;Yeyu Cao;Zhongjun Yu;Aria Abubakar","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3372296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3372296","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave thorax imaging system is designed for human respiration monitoring. A compact low-profile symmetrical dipole antenna is designed as sensing antenna. A 16-antenna array is fabricated and mounted on a wearable belt. The antenna array is controlled by a switch matrix and the data acquisition is completed with a vector network analyzer. During the measurement, each antenna acts as a transmitter alternately and the other antennas act as the receivers. Human respiration experiments are conducted and S-parameters are measured continuously during respiration. The Jacobian Weighted One-step Supervised Descent Method (SDM) is applied to the reconstruction of both synthetic and measured data. The distribution of dielectric properties in human thorax is reconstructed and the results verify the feasibility of monitoring human respiration with microwave.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2024.3396697
Folk W. Narongrit;Thejas Vishnu Ramesh;Joseph V. Rispoli
We report on a 16-channel bilateral breast coil array for high-resolution MR imaging at 3T which can be used for both prone and supine breast MRI. This coil aims to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by positioning the coil array close to the breast. Sixteen 80-mm coil elements made on flexible printed circuit boards were placed on top of a 3D-printed plastic housing modeled to fit many cup sizes. Match, tune, and detune elements were incorporated onto the coil. Phantom and in vivo scans were performed to demonstrate the SNR profile and clinical efficacy of the coil. The in vivo images for both prone and supine positions show high sensitivity and coverage of the breast. The SNR profile evaluated from the phantom images was relatively uniform throughout the imaging volume. The increased sensitivity of the coils allows for improved accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis.
我们报告了一种用于 3 T 高分辨率磁共振成像的 16 通道双侧乳腺线圈阵列，该阵列可用于俯卧位和仰卧位乳腺磁共振成像。该线圈旨在通过将线圈阵列置于靠近乳房的位置来提高信噪比（SNR）。十六个用柔性印刷电路板制成的 80 毫米线圈元件被放置在一个 3D 打印塑料外壳上，该外壳的模型适合多种尺寸的罩杯。线圈上安装了匹配、调整和解调元件。为证明线圈的信噪比曲线和临床疗效，进行了模型和活体扫描。俯卧位和仰卧位的活体图像都显示出乳房的高灵敏度和高覆盖率。从模型图像中评估出的信噪比曲线在整个成像范围内相对均匀。线圈灵敏度的提高有助于提高乳腺癌诊断的准确性。
{"title":"An Open Source 16-Channel Breast Array for Prone and Supine MRI","authors":"Folk W. Narongrit;Thejas Vishnu Ramesh;Joseph V. Rispoli","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3396697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3396697","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a 16-channel bilateral breast coil array for high-resolution MR imaging at 3T which can be used for both prone and supine breast MRI. This coil aims to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by positioning the coil array close to the breast. Sixteen 80-mm coil elements made on flexible printed circuit boards were placed on top of a 3D-printed plastic housing modeled to fit many cup sizes. Match, tune, and detune elements were incorporated onto the coil. Phantom and \u0000<italic>in vivo</i>\u0000 scans were performed to demonstrate the SNR profile and clinical efficacy of the coil. The \u0000<italic>in vivo</i>\u0000 images for both prone and supine positions show high sensitivity and coverage of the breast. The SNR profile evaluated from the phantom images was relatively uniform throughout the imaging volume. The increased sensitivity of the coils allows for improved accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 3","pages":"251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2024.3372290
Pei-Yu He;Fei-Peng Lai;Yen-Sheng Chen
This paper presents an antenna for the cardio-pulmonary stethoscope (CPS) to improve sensitivity in detecting pulmonary edema. The CPS employs a dual-antenna system for monitoring the transmission coefficient. However, conventional patch antennas used in CPS setups often exhibit limited sensitivity due to frequency detuning. This study addresses this limitation through a two-stage approach. Firstly, the design goals of the CPS antenna are characterized. The results prioritize a broad impedance bandwidth, large half-power beamwidth (HPBW), and high front-to-back ratio (FBR) as key design objectives. Secondly, an antenna backed with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed to meet the specified goals. The fabricated prototype, operating at 2.4 GHz with an AMC size of 81.0 × 81.0 mm 2 , exhibits a fractional bandwidth of 27.6%, a FBR of 18.5 dB, and HPBWs of 60° and 70°. Validation is conducted using phantom models simulating different water content levels. The conventional patch antenna yields transmission coefficients between –49.6 dB and –63.5 dB; in contrast, the proposed antenna achieves transmission coefficients ranging from –35.5 dB to –45.7 dB. The sensitivities for normal and severe water contents are improved by 14.1 dB and 17.8 dB, respectively, indicating higher sensitivity and performance enhancement in CPS remote monitoring.
本文介绍了一种用于心肺听诊器（CPS）的天线，以提高检测肺水肿的灵敏度。CPS 采用双天线系统监控传输系数。然而，由于频率失谐，CPS 设置中使用的传统贴片天线通常会显示出有限的灵敏度。本研究通过两个阶段的方法解决了这一限制。首先，确定 CPS 天线的设计目标。研究结果将宽阻抗带宽、大半功率波束宽度（HPBW）和高前后比（FBR）作为主要设计目标。其次，提出了一种以人工磁导体（AMC）为支撑的天线，以实现指定目标。制造出的原型工作频率为 2.4 GHz，AMC 尺寸为 81.0 × 81.0 mm2，带宽分数为 27.6%，FBR 为 18.5 dB，HPBW 为 60° 和 70°。使用模拟不同含水量的幻影模型进行了验证。传统贴片天线的传输系数介于 -49.6 dB 和 -63.5 dB 之间；相比之下，建议的天线的传输系数介于 -35.5 dB 和 -45.7 dB 之间。正常含水量和严重含水量的灵敏度分别提高了 14.1 dB 和 17.8 dB，这表明 CPS 远程监控的灵敏度更高，性能更强。
{"title":"Sensitivity Enhancement in Cardio-Pulmonary Stethoscope Applications Through Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Antenna Design","authors":"Pei-Yu He;Fei-Peng Lai;Yen-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3372290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3372290","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an antenna for the cardio-pulmonary stethoscope (CPS) to improve sensitivity in detecting pulmonary edema. The CPS employs a dual-antenna system for monitoring the transmission coefficient. However, conventional patch antennas used in CPS setups often exhibit limited sensitivity due to frequency detuning. This study addresses this limitation through a two-stage approach. Firstly, the design goals of the CPS antenna are characterized. The results prioritize a broad impedance bandwidth, large half-power beamwidth (HPBW), and high front-to-back ratio (FBR) as key design objectives. Secondly, an antenna backed with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed to meet the specified goals. The fabricated prototype, operating at 2.4 GHz with an AMC size of 81.0 × 81.0 mm\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000, exhibits a fractional bandwidth of 27.6%, a FBR of 18.5 dB, and HPBWs of 60° and 70°. Validation is conducted using phantom models simulating different water content levels. The conventional patch antenna yields transmission coefficients between –49.6 dB and –63.5 dB; in contrast, the proposed antenna achieves transmission coefficients ranging from –35.5 dB to –45.7 dB. The sensitivities for normal and severe water contents are improved by 14.1 dB and 17.8 dB, respectively, indicating higher sensitivity and performance enhancement in CPS remote monitoring.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring cardiac mechanical dyssynchrony of a patient has a pivotal role in the cardiovascular disease and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), however current approaches highly demand on the operator's skill and experience. In addition, the clinical instrument is limited by high standard operation conditions and hardware and maintenance costs, which leads to restricted deployment in daily life monitoring. To solve the problems, we propose a code division multi-point near-field cardiac RF sensing system that the mechanical movements of the heart chambers can be directly modulated to the radio frequency signal, from which the signals obtained through processing and analysis can not only locate the P-wave, QRS-waves, and T-wave in the electrocardiogram (ECG), but also they are used to analyze atrioventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony. Furthermore, to reduce the crosstalk between signals from different channels and improve digital signal dynamic range, code division is applied for the multiple sensing points access. The RF sensing system can be readily designed with a high sampling rate, 50 kSps in this work, to recover the high frequency mechanical dynamics of the heart. The system demonstrated in this work provides 4-channel cardiac monitoring on the heart chambers with a high dynamic range, temporal resolution of 20 µs, and frequency response of 25 kHz. This novel method of monitoring the mechanical movement of the heartbeat provides a new candidate to further explore the cardiovascular disease and CRT treatment.
监测患者的心脏机械不同步在心血管疾病和心脏再同步化治疗（CRT）中具有举足轻重的作用，但目前的方法对操作人员的技能和经验要求很高。此外，临床仪器还受到高标准操作条件、硬件和维护成本的限制，导致其在日常生活监测中的应用受到限制。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种码分多点近场心脏射频传感系统，该系统可将心腔的机械运动直接调制为射频信号，通过处理和分析得到的信号不仅可以定位心电图（ECG）中的 P 波、QRS 波和 T 波，还可用于分析房室机械不同步和室间隔机械不同步。此外，为了减少不同信道信号之间的串扰，提高数字信号的动态范围，多传感点接入采用了码分技术。射频传感系统可随时设计为高采样率（在本研究中为 50 kSps），以恢复心脏的高频机械动态。本研究中展示的系统可对心腔进行 4 通道心脏监测，具有高动态范围、20 微秒的时间分辨率和 25 千赫的频率响应。这种监测心跳机械运动的新方法为进一步探索心血管疾病和 CRT 治疗提供了新的候选方案。
{"title":"Code Division Multi-Point RF Near-Field Cardiac Sensing System for Noninvasive Atrioventricular and Interventricular Dyssynchrony Detection","authors":"Zhewei Ye;Chenming Li;Yankai Mao;Juhong Zhang;Wenbin Zhang;Yulin Zhou;Qijun Hu;Shilie Zheng;Xiaonan Hui;Xianmin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3393755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3393755","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring cardiac mechanical dyssynchrony of a patient has a pivotal role in the cardiovascular disease and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), however current approaches highly demand on the operator's skill and experience. In addition, the clinical instrument is limited by high standard operation conditions and hardware and maintenance costs, which leads to restricted deployment in daily life monitoring. To solve the problems, we propose a code division multi-point near-field cardiac RF sensing system that the mechanical movements of the heart chambers can be directly modulated to the radio frequency signal, from which the signals obtained through processing and analysis can not only locate the P-wave, QRS-waves, and T-wave in the electrocardiogram (ECG), but also they are used to analyze atrioventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony. Furthermore, to reduce the crosstalk between signals from different channels and improve digital signal dynamic range, code division is applied for the multiple sensing points access. The RF sensing system can be readily designed with a high sampling rate, 50 kSps in this work, to recover the high frequency mechanical dynamics of the heart. The system demonstrated in this work provides 4-channel cardiac monitoring on the heart chambers with a high dynamic range, temporal resolution of 20 µs, and frequency response of 25 kHz. This novel method of monitoring the mechanical movement of the heartbeat provides a new candidate to further explore the cardiovascular disease and CRT treatment.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a super wideband (SWB) radio frequency imaging approach is developed and evaluated for detecting early stages of deep-seated lung and in-situ skin tumors. A life-sized human torso phantom is constructed of tissue mimicking materials and their dielectric properties are thoroughly investigated over the covered frequency range of 3.1−40 GHz. An array of custom-designed antenna elements is employed in an imaging setup to assess the detection capabilities of the SWB imaging approach for both lung and skin tumors. Images reconstructed using the acquired backscattering information and confocal beamforming algorithms demonstrate a successful detection with accurate tumor size and location estimation. Compared to present ultra-wideband (UWB) approach, the proposed SWB approach can enhance the spatial resolution of the reconstructed images by up to 84.4%. This work establishes the foundation for further exploration of SWB imaging in clinical trials, offering the potential to transform early cancer detection and treatment monitoring.
{"title":"Experimental Detection of Early-Stage Lung and Skin Tumors Based on Super Wideband Imaging","authors":"Wasan Alamro;Boon-Chong Seet;Lulu Wang;Prabakar Parthiban","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3395923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3395923","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a super wideband (SWB) radio frequency imaging approach is developed and evaluated for detecting early stages of deep-seated lung and in-situ skin tumors. A life-sized human torso phantom is constructed of tissue mimicking materials and their dielectric properties are thoroughly investigated over the covered frequency range of 3.1−40 GHz. An array of custom-designed antenna elements is employed in an imaging setup to assess the detection capabilities of the SWB imaging approach for both lung and skin tumors. Images reconstructed using the acquired backscattering information and confocal beamforming algorithms demonstrate a successful detection with accurate tumor size and location estimation. Compared to present ultra-wideband (UWB) approach, the proposed SWB approach can enhance the spatial resolution of the reconstructed images by up to 84.4%. This work establishes the foundation for further exploration of SWB imaging in clinical trials, offering the potential to transform early cancer detection and treatment monitoring.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2024.3395572
Shimaa Alshhawy;Adel Barakat;Ramesh K. Pokharel
Supplying wireless power to biomedical implants presents numerous challenges, including the compactness, efficiency, and biomedical safety of the receiver (RX). In this work, we propose several solutions to overcome these challenges. Firstly, we designed a metamaterial-inspired transmitter (TX) based on a multi-ring resonator (MRR). This transmitter achieves low magnetic loss and is used as a director to supply power to the RX, featuring an integrated uncomplicated matching circuit rectifier. Secondly, to realize the rectifier, we leverage the high coupling achieved through the proposed MRR metamaterial. The rectifier is integrated on the backside of the RX substrate without requiring additional area for further compactness. Additionally, we introduce a metamaterial-based isolator designed to reduce magnetic field leakage on the back side of the system. Importantly, this isolator has been proven to have no adverse effects on the original wireless power transfer (WPT) system's performance. A prototype was successfully fabricated, and both RF-dc simulation and measurements indicate a peak efficiency of 43% and 39%, respectively, at 50 MHz for a 9 mm embedded RX in chicken breast tissue. The TX size is 20 mm × 20 mm, while the integrated RX/rectifier has dimensions of 7 mm × 7 mm.
为生物医学植入物提供无线供电面临诸多挑战，包括接收器（RX）的紧凑性、效率和生物医学安全性。在这项工作中，我们提出了几种解决方案来克服这些挑战。首先，我们设计了一种基于多环谐振器（MRR）的超材料启发发射器（TX）。该发射器实现了低磁损耗，并用作向 RX 供电的导向器，其特点是集成了不复杂的匹配电路整流器。其次，为了实现整流器，我们利用了所提出的 MRR 超材料实现的高耦合。整流器集成在 RX 衬底的背面，无需额外面积，从而进一步实现了紧凑性。此外，我们还引入了一种基于超材料的隔离器，旨在减少系统背面的磁场泄漏。重要的是，这种隔离器已被证明不会对原始无线功率传输（WPT）系统的性能产生不利影响。原型已成功制作，射频-直流模拟和测量结果表明，在 50 MHz 频率下，鸡胸组织中 9 mm 嵌入式 RX 的峰值效率分别为 43% 和 39%。发射机尺寸为 20 mm × 20 mm，而集成 RX/ 整流器的尺寸为 7 mm × 7 mm。
{"title":"Efficient and Low Leakage WPT System With Integrated Uncomplicated Matching Circuit Rectifier Using Metamaterial Director and Isolator for Biomedical Application","authors":"Shimaa Alshhawy;Adel Barakat;Ramesh K. Pokharel","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3395572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3395572","url":null,"abstract":"Supplying wireless power to biomedical implants presents numerous challenges, including the compactness, efficiency, and biomedical safety of the receiver (RX). In this work, we propose several solutions to overcome these challenges. Firstly, we designed a metamaterial-inspired transmitter (TX) based on a multi-ring resonator (MRR). This transmitter achieves low magnetic loss and is used as a director to supply power to the RX, featuring an integrated uncomplicated matching circuit rectifier. Secondly, to realize the rectifier, we leverage the high coupling achieved through the proposed MRR metamaterial. The rectifier is integrated on the backside of the RX substrate without requiring additional area for further compactness. Additionally, we introduce a metamaterial-based isolator designed to reduce magnetic field leakage on the back side of the system. Importantly, this isolator has been proven to have no adverse effects on the original wireless power transfer (WPT) system's performance. A prototype was successfully fabricated, and both RF-dc simulation and measurements indicate a peak efficiency of 43% and 39%, respectively, at 50 MHz for a 9 mm embedded RX in chicken breast tissue. The TX size is 20 mm × 20 mm, while the integrated RX/rectifier has dimensions of 7 mm × 7 mm.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"144-154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2024.3369960
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF, and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology 2023 Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3369960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3369960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"90-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10460354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140042896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2024.3368688
Dimitrios G. Arnaoutoglou;Dimitrios Dedemadis;Antigone-Aikaterini Kyriakou;Sotirios Katsimentes;Athanasios Grekidis;Dimitrios Menychtas;Nikolaos Aggelousis;Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis;George A. Kyriacou
Falls can be one of the most damaging events that elders may experience in their lives, especially when they live alone. The impact of a fall can vary from minor bruises, to life altering fractures and even become fatal. The purpose of this study is to establish a novel non-contact radar method of detecting an elderly fall when occurred in home staying. The novelty of the proposed detection technique is the exploitation of a 1D effective acceleration derived from Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT). This technique was tested utilizing a 2.45 GHz Continuous Wave (CW) Radar implemented with a Software Defined Radio (SDR) and low-cost, off-the-shelf components. Herein, we present test results that classify incidents as either falls or non-falls in line-of-sight cases. Firstly, the results are compared with the corresponding values measured with a commercial marker-based optoelectronic motion capture multi-camera system (VICON) showing high similarity. Furthermore, real-time scenarios were conducted to estimate the accuracy and the number of false alarms of the proposed method. The proposed algorithm is proved capable of exploiting the Power Burst Curve (PBC) as a preliminary factor to yield an efficient fall incident classifier based on the effective acceleration, while minimizing the required processing resources.
{"title":"Acceleration-Based Low-Cost CW Radar System for Real-Time Elderly Fall Detection","authors":"Dimitrios G. Arnaoutoglou;Dimitrios Dedemadis;Antigone-Aikaterini Kyriakou;Sotirios Katsimentes;Athanasios Grekidis;Dimitrios Menychtas;Nikolaos Aggelousis;Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis;George A. Kyriacou","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3368688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3368688","url":null,"abstract":"Falls can be one of the most damaging events that elders may experience in their lives, especially when they live alone. The impact of a fall can vary from minor bruises, to life altering fractures and even become fatal. The purpose of this study is to establish a novel non-contact radar method of detecting an elderly fall when occurred in home staying. The novelty of the proposed detection technique is the exploitation of a 1D effective acceleration derived from Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT). This technique was tested utilizing a 2.45 GHz Continuous Wave (CW) Radar implemented with a Software Defined Radio (SDR) and low-cost, off-the-shelf components. Herein, we present test results that classify incidents as either falls or non-falls in line-of-sight cases. Firstly, the results are compared with the corresponding values measured with a commercial marker-based optoelectronic motion capture multi-camera system (VICON) showing high similarity. Furthermore, real-time scenarios were conducted to estimate the accuracy and the number of false alarms of the proposed method. The proposed algorithm is proved capable of exploiting the Power Burst Curve (PBC) as a preliminary factor to yield an efficient fall incident classifier based on the effective acceleration, while minimizing the required processing resources.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"102-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10459050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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