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Features of training teachers for Sunday and Parochial schools in the Russian Empire in the late XIX - early XX century 十九世纪末至二十世纪初俄罗斯帝国主日学校和教会学校教师培养的特点
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463X-2020-6-97-103
V. Nikonov, M. Denisov
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引用次数: 0
Inclusive culture – a key factor for success in inclusive education 包容性文化——包容性教育成功的关键因素
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-1-123-129
F. Yakubova
The article presents a theoretical analysis and generalization of General and special psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem of formation of inclusive culture among students of educational organizations. The key concept of „inclusive culture” is revealed on the basis of a theoretical review of scientific and methodological literature. The importance of the formation of inclusive culture in modern society is analyzed. A so-cially important problem of pedagogical science is the issue of teaching people with special educational needs in educational institutions. Co-education in an educational institution of conditionally healthy students and students with disabilities, or inclusive education is one of the effective forms of integration of people with disabilities into society.
本文对教育组织学生包容性文化形成问题的一般和特殊的心理学和教育学文献进行了理论分析和概括。在对科学文献和方法论文献进行理论回顾的基础上,揭示了“包容性文化”这一关键概念。分析了包容性文化在现代社会形成的重要性。教育科学的一个非常重要的社会问题是教育机构中有特殊教育需要的人的教育问题。在有条件的健康学生和残疾学生的教育机构中进行同校教育,或全纳教育,是残疾人融入社会的有效形式之一。
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引用次数: 0
“Difficult areas” in the study of historical and cultural authentic texts by Chinese philology students 中国文字学学生研究历史文化正宗文本的“难点”
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-1-108-112
Shiyi Gu
The article deals with the difficulties encountered by Chinese philology students while reading historical and cultural authentic texts. Particular attention is paid to finding ways to overcome the „difficult areas” and eliminate socio-cultural lacunae, including subjective lacunae, activity-communicative lacunae, text lacunae, lacunae of cultural space and lacunae of cultural background. To overcome the socio-cultural lacunae, the authors propose to use a comprehensive work with a miniature text for a comparative study of two texts of artistic style and popular science from an encyclopedic article.
本文论述了中国文字学学生在阅读历史文化正宗文本时所遇到的困难。特别注意寻找克服“困难领域”和消除社会文化空白的方法,包括主观空白、活动-交际空白、文本空白、文化空间空白和文化背景空白。为了克服社会文化的空白,作者建议用一个综合性的作品和一个微型文本来比较一篇百科全书文章的艺术风格和科普两种文本。
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引用次数: 0
The modern paradigm of teaching and studying Russian as a foreign language in Russia and European countries 俄罗斯和欧洲国家对外俄语教学与研究的现代范式
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-1-90-94
S. A. Vishnyakov, R. Makhaeva
The article deals with the main psycholinguistic, lingua-didactic, methodological and pedagogical conceptual approaches that determine the modern paradigm of teaching and studying Russian as a foreign language in Russia and abroad (European countries). It is noted that the Russian psychological and linguistic school (L. S. Vygotsky, P. Ya. Halperin, I. A. Zimnyaya, A. A. Leontyev) significantly influenced the formation and evolution of foreign psycholinguistics. Co-study of language and culture, communicative orientation are general directions that characterize the lingua-didactic and methodological paradigm of foreign language education in our country and abroad. The article actualizes the subject-subject trajectory in the pedagogical organization of the educational process on the Russian as a foreign language in Russia and foreign countries.
本文论述了主要的心理语言学、语言教学、方法论和教学概念方法,这些方法决定了俄罗斯和国外(欧洲国家)作为外语的俄语教学和研究的现代范式。值得注意的是,俄罗斯心理和语言学派(L. S. Vygotsky, P. Ya。Halperin, i.a. Zimnyaya, a.a. Leontyev)对国外心理语言学的形成和发展产生了重大影响。语言与文化的共同研究、交际导向是表征国内外外语教育的语言教学范式和方法论范式的总方向。本文在俄罗斯和国外的对外俄语教育过程中实现了主体性-主体性的教学组织轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Upbringing in foreign language lessons: a perspective-scenario approach 外语课堂中的成长:透视-情景方法
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-2-143-155
M. Maznichenko, Christina N. Molchanyuk
The article proposes a solution to the following urgent pedagogical problem in a modern rapidly developing society: how to ensure the prognostic orientation of upbringing in foreign language lessons? The purpose of the article is to develop and describe a perspective-scenario approach to the upbringing of schoolchildren in foreign language lessons, to present the results of its experimental testing. The authors obtained the following results: (1) the education of the future citizen is justified as the target point of upbringing in foreign language lessons, a portrait of the future national is developed consisting of five groups of qualities; (2) a new, perspective-scenario approach to organizing the upbringing in a foreign language lessons has been proposed, which allows to individualize this process, direct it towards achieving the students’ perspective life goals, strengthen the futuristic and prognostic topics of the subject content of speech, develop a conscious, moral, active attitude of students to their future and the future of their country, to integrate the educational and upbringing goals of the lesson, to develop in schoolchildren the qualities of a person of the future and national of the Russian Federation, universal moral qualities; (3) the essence and principles of this approach, the algorithm for its implementation are disclosed; (4) the results of its experimental testing are described.
本文针对快速发展的现代社会中亟待解决的教学问题提出了解决方案:如何保证外语教学中培养的预见性取向?本文的目的是发展和描述一种视角-情景方法来培养在外语课程中的学童,并提出其实验测试的结果。结果表明:(1)确立了未来公民教育作为外语教育的目标点,塑造了由五组素质构成的未来国民形象;(2)提出了一种新的、视角-情景的方法来组织外语课程中的成长,它允许个性化这一过程,引导它实现学生的未来人生目标,加强主题内容的未来和预测主题,培养学生对他们的未来和他们的国家的未来有意识的、道德的、积极的态度,整合课程的教育和成长目标。在学生中培养未来的人和俄罗斯联邦国民的素质,普遍的道德素质;(3)公开了该方法的本质和原理及其实现算法;(4)介绍了其实验测试结果。
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引用次数: 0
Inclusive educational philosophy as a socio-pedagogical phenomenon 全纳教育哲学作为一种社会教育现象
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-2-52-59
N. Kharchenko
The basis of the new philosophy of inclusive education was not a medical, but a social model of disability, which claims to be the humanitarian concept of human rights and freedoms. This approach made it possible to overcome the stereotypes of alienation of a person with a disability, to recognize him as a full-fledged member of society, but having special needs. This eliminates the need for „cure”, „correction” of a person with a disability and teaches society to perceive a person as he is. Recognition of this direction as key at the level of the Council of Europe and other international organizations stimulated the holding at the end of the twentieth century a number of world forums, conferences, meetings, as a result of which a number of declarations and recommendations were prepared, which subsequently radically changed the system of higher education by developing methods and techniques for working with a student with special educational needs.
包容性教育新理念的基础不是残疾的医学模式,而是残疾的社会模式,这种模式自称是人权和自由的人道主义概念。这种做法使我们能够克服对残疾人的异化的陈规定型观念,承认他是社会的正式成员,但有特殊需要。这消除了对残疾人的“治疗”、“矫正”的需要,并教导社会认识一个人的本来面目。在欧洲委员会和其他国际组织一级认识到这一方向是关键,促使在二十世纪末举行了一些世界论坛、会议和会议,结果编写了一些宣言和建议,随后通过开发与有特殊教育需要的学生合作的方法和技术,从根本上改变了高等教育制度。
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引用次数: 0
Key features of professional thesaurus and problems of translating scientific texts in speech therapy 专业词库的主要特征及语言治疗中科学文本翻译的问题
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-4-125-133
Irina Novitskaia
The article highlights the problem of synthesis of scientific knowledge and changes in the face of modern science. There is a need to correlate the category apparatus of domestic and foreign speech therapy, as well as the need to clarify the semantics of fundamental terms accepted in Russia and abroad, which is an important condition for the development of speech therapy as a modern field of scientific knowledge, as well as training specialists capable of participating in the development of methods of correction in the broad context of scientific directions and understanding of research paradigms in the international space. The author considers the peculiarities of the professional thesaurus, analyzes specific features of humanitarian discourse and related problems of translating scientific texts in speech therapy.
文章强调了科学知识的综合问题和面对现代科学的变化。有必要将国内外语言治疗的范畴装置联系起来,也有必要澄清俄罗斯和国外公认的基本术语的语义,这是语言治疗作为现代科学知识领域发展的重要条件。以及培训能够在科学方向和了解国际空间研究范式的广泛背景下参与制定纠正方法的专家。本文从专业词库的特点出发,分析了人文话语的特点和语言治疗中科学语篇翻译的相关问题。
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引用次数: 0
Three poems dedicated to birds 三首献给鸟的诗
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-4-26-34
Irina A. Shishkova
The article considers three poems dedicated to birds by outstanding British poets: Philip Larkin, Ted Hughes and Charles Tomlinson. The article notes the significant influence of flora and fauna on the process of understanding the diverse phenomena of reality of the authors. Their value orientations are compared. The similarities and distinctions of poetic directions of poets are traced and features of their art world are revealed. A comparison is made between national components in the works of Philip Larkin and Ted Hughes as representatives of the „Movement” and the desire to expand the poetic horizons of Charles Tomlinson, due to the influence of American modernism. The aim of the work is to analyze the interrelation of ideological, stylistic and phonic levels of a poetic work (M. L. Gasparov) for the most complete embodiment of the author’s idea and the realization of the aesthetic function of influence on the reader.
这篇文章考虑了英国杰出诗人菲利普·拉金、泰德·休斯和查尔斯·汤姆林森献给鸟类的三首诗。文章注意到植物群和动物群对作者认识现实的多样性现象过程的重要影响。比较了它们的价值取向。追溯了诗人诗歌方向的异同,揭示了诗人艺术世界的特征。比较了以“运动”为代表的菲利普·拉金和泰德·休斯作品中的民族成分,以及查尔斯·汤姆林森受美国现代主义影响而想要拓展诗歌视野的愿望。本文的目的是分析加斯帕罗夫诗歌作品在思想、文体和语音层面的相互关系,以最完整地体现作者的思想,实现对读者的影响的审美功能。
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引用次数: 0
American short story of the XXI Century 21世纪美国短篇小说
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-4-35-42
I. Sokolova
The article deals with the American short story, which by virtue of its metaphoric nature, ability to produce immediate effect reflects the national mentality, captures both the momentary and deeper perception of contemporary reality. The background and basis of contemporary small prose is the philosophy and aesthetics of postmodernism: the idea of the prevailing chaos, the departure from external reality to explore the inner world of man, fragmented, skilful stream of consciousness, intertextuality, an element of play. The character is often an asocial or even marginal personality, most often the hero has no background and sometimes no name. We see either rejected by society, suffering individuals, or characters obsessed with phobias and painful tendencies. This sometimes creates a gloomy atmosphere of cruelty, insensitivity and loneliness. Modern storytelling characterizes the duality of the finale, the need for speculation, the possibility of ambiguity; the reader is attracted to the co-authorship. There is a variety of stylistic searches of modern prose writers. With some blurring of genre boundaries, the following subtypes stand out: narrative parable / myth / story; encrypted story; story miniature; fairy tale poem; pseudo-documentary story. In spite of the obvious continuity, fundamentally new trends are observed in XXI century novel writing. These are rethinking/reconstructing subjectivity, „new sincerity”, rejection of „black humor” and „tyranny” of irony, emphasis on empathy and soft humor. Whereas in the small prose of the second half of the 20th century there reigned reflection, doubts, and bitter caustic irony, in the new reality the main thing is the acquisition of humanity and the attempt to find logic in the distorted. For the heroes of modern novel writing, „we” are more important than „I”. If one hears the author’s voice in a narrative, then it is not a neutral or ironic observer, but a sincere, sympathetic, even naive commentator.
美国短篇小说以其隐喻性和立竿见影的效果反映了国民的心理状态,既捕捉了当下的现实,又捕捉了对当代现实的更深层次的感知。当代小散文的背景和基础是后现代主义的哲学和美学:对普遍存在的混乱的观念,脱离外部现实探索人的内心世界,碎片化的、熟练的意识流,互文性,一种游戏的元素。角色通常是一个不合群的人,甚至是边缘人物,大多数情况下主人公没有背景,有时也没有名字。我们看到的要么是被社会排斥,要么是受苦受难的人,要么是被恐惧症和痛苦倾向所困扰的人物。这有时会造成一种残酷、冷漠和孤独的阴郁气氛。现代讲故事的特点是结局的双重性,需要推测,模棱两可的可能性;读者被共同作者所吸引。现代散文作家对文体的追求多种多样。随着类型界限的模糊,以下子类型脱颖而出:叙事寓言/神话/故事;加密的故事;小故事;童话诗;pseudo-documentary故事。尽管有明显的连续性,但在21世纪的小说写作中发现了根本性的新趋势。重新思考/重建主体性,“新真诚”,拒绝“黑色幽默”和反讽的“暴政”,强调同理心和软幽默。在20世纪下半叶的小散文中,充斥着反思、怀疑和苦涩的讽刺,而在新的现实中,主要的是获得人性,并试图在扭曲的事物中找到逻辑。对于现代小说创作中的英雄来说,“我们”比“我”更重要。如果一个人在叙述中听到作者的声音,那么他就不是一个中立的或讽刺的观察者,而是一个真诚的,富有同情心的,甚至是天真的评论者。
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引用次数: 0
Portrait drawing of the Great Patriotic War. Documentary and artistic evidence of eyewitnesses 卫国战争肖像画。目击者的书面和艺术证据
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31862/1819-463x-2020-4-43-53
D. Volkov
The article highlights the need to create a portrait drawing in frontline conditions. One of the important factors is the creation of portrait images, posters, aimed at the propaganda of military activities in the Red Army. In addition, the artists were fully interested in creating sketches for paintings, portraits, diary entries reflecting reality not only for agitation, but also for the creation of creative works that contain their own view of the working days of the frontline soldiers. The analysis of the paintings shows how similar and at the same time different the portraits are. To a large extent, the differences are due to the place of battles, their complexity and the circumstances in which the portrait drawings were created. The images of people were united by moral and volitional desire for victory, the imprint of fatigue on the face, the experience of relatives and friends who became close in battle. One of the important aspects for understanding the portrait image is the conditions for creating a picture - it is a portrait after the battle with combat weapons, wounded in hospital, at a concert, in the working environment of the headquarters, writing a letter in a trench. The models for portraits were as a rule people close to the artists and who belonged to the combat unit where they served.
这篇文章强调了在前线条件下创作肖像的必要性。其中一个重要的因素是创作肖像、海报,旨在宣传红军的军事活动。此外,艺术家们对创作素描、肖像画、反映现实的日记十分感兴趣,不仅是为了煽情,也是为了创作包含他们自己对前线士兵工作日的看法的创作作品。通过对画作的分析,可以看出这些肖像画既有相似之处,又有不同之处。在很大程度上,这些差异是由于战争的地点、战争的复杂性以及肖像画创作的环境。人们的形象是由对胜利的道德和意志的渴望、脸上的疲劳印记、在战斗中变得亲密的亲戚和朋友的经历联系在一起的。理解肖像的一个重要方面是创造画面的条件——它是在战斗武器战斗后的肖像,在医院受伤,在音乐会上,在总部的工作环境中,在战壕里写信。一般来说,肖像画的模特都是与艺术家关系密切的人,而且都属于他们所服务的战斗部队。
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引用次数: 0
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Science in School
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