Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220093
Y. Tabbai, Aboubakr Sarah, A. Rjafallah, A. Alaoui-Belghiti, A. Hajjaji, R. El moznine, F. Belhora, A. El Ballouti
There is a large amount of thermal energy wasted during the driving cycle of all kinds of vehicles. In this paper, a pyroelectric harvester system, based on temperature change, is designed for low-powered sensors for a reliable Electronic/Electric architecture development of autonomous vehicles. For this proposed approach, three main elements are required: Pyroelectric energy harvest module, energy conversion module and power storage module. The energy harvest module includes a pyroelectric material, which captures the temperature of the braking system, and harvests the wasted heat energy during the contact process. In the energy conversion module, the temperature variation through the pyroelectric material generates electricity, given the cooling phenomena with the ambient air. The energy potentially available in the form of heat produced by the friction involved in braking was evaluated using finite element analysis on the Multiphysics software environment. Therefore, we present stimulations of disc heating and cooling during the braking process at different speeds. Moreover, the potential for energy recovery in multiple rolling conditions is discussed, such as the braking cycles and the effect of the material thickness, used in the conversion module. The proposed system has undergone simulation analysis, which shows that the system can generate a voltage of 10.8 V and a power of 7.0 mW for a cycle of one braking process and around 9.5 mW for a cycle containing two successive braking. This result illustrates the feasibility of energy-autonomous applications in low-power sensors for new vehicle generations.
{"title":"Pyroelectric Generators to Harvest Energy from Disc Brake Pads for Wireless Sensors in Electric Vehicles","authors":"Y. Tabbai, Aboubakr Sarah, A. Rjafallah, A. Alaoui-Belghiti, A. Hajjaji, R. El moznine, F. Belhora, A. El Ballouti","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220093","url":null,"abstract":"There is a large amount of thermal energy wasted during the driving cycle of all kinds of vehicles. In this paper, a pyroelectric harvester system, based on temperature change, is designed for low-powered sensors for a reliable Electronic/Electric architecture development of autonomous vehicles. For this proposed approach, three main elements are required: Pyroelectric energy harvest module, energy conversion module and power storage module. The energy harvest module includes a pyroelectric material, which captures the temperature of the braking system, and harvests the wasted heat energy during the contact process. In the energy conversion module, the temperature variation through the pyroelectric material generates electricity, given the cooling phenomena with the ambient air. The energy potentially available in the form of heat produced by the friction involved in braking was evaluated using finite element analysis on the Multiphysics software environment. Therefore, we present stimulations of disc heating and cooling during the braking process at different speeds. Moreover, the potential for energy recovery in multiple rolling conditions is discussed, such as the braking cycles and the effect of the material thickness, used in the conversion module. The proposed system has undergone simulation analysis, which shows that the system can generate a voltage of 10.8 V and a power of 7.0 mW for a cycle of one braking process and around 9.5 mW for a cycle containing two successive braking. This result illustrates the feasibility of energy-autonomous applications in low-power sensors for new vehicle generations.","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123019114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220112
Salesabil Labihi, K. Oumghar, N. Chakhchaoui, A. Eddiai, M. Meddad, O. Cherkaoui, M. El Achaby, M. Mazroui
Energy harvesting is the most efficient way to meet energy demand while also supplying renewable energy sources from the environment. This technology consists of the recovery of electrical energy from lost energy sources, which are available everywhere, including heat, fluids, vibrations, etc. In particular, energy harvesting via piezoelectric materials, which are capable of converting the energy of vibrations and mechanical deformations into electrical energy, has been the subject of research in the last decade. This energy is used in a variety of applications, including energy collectors, sensors, and actuators, among others. In this paper, a series of thin polymers films based on Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), and Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanoparticles were prepared using solvent casting technique in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent with different percentages of PVdF-HFP and PZT, to improve piezoelectric properties of PMMA. Improvement in piezoelectric properties has confirmed by Polarized Optical Microscope (POM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR),X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Tensile testing. The nanocomposite films that were prepared can be used for energy storage and harvesting.
{"title":"Improvement of the piezoelectric, thermal, structural properties of PMMA/PVdF-HFP blend composite films using PZT","authors":"Salesabil Labihi, K. Oumghar, N. Chakhchaoui, A. Eddiai, M. Meddad, O. Cherkaoui, M. El Achaby, M. Mazroui","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220112","url":null,"abstract":"Energy harvesting is the most efficient way to meet energy demand while also supplying renewable energy sources from the environment. This technology consists of the recovery of electrical energy from lost energy sources, which are available everywhere, including heat, fluids, vibrations, etc. In particular, energy harvesting via piezoelectric materials, which are capable of converting the energy of vibrations and mechanical deformations into electrical energy, has been the subject of research in the last decade. This energy is used in a variety of applications, including energy collectors, sensors, and actuators, among others. In this paper, a series of thin polymers films based on Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), and Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanoparticles were prepared using solvent casting technique in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent with different percentages of PVdF-HFP and PZT, to improve piezoelectric properties of PMMA. Improvement in piezoelectric properties has confirmed by Polarized Optical Microscope (POM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR),X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Tensile testing. The nanocomposite films that were prepared can be used for energy storage and harvesting.","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133556293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220185
Jiangang Li, Xiaoxia Lei, Jianhua Ding, Zhixiang Gao, Hua Wang
A continuum theoretical model for describing curling behavior of free-standing nanofilms was given in this paper. Surface stress, surface elasticity (surface Young’s modulus), surface slice thickness and anisotropic deformation were considered. For a nanofilm with only several nanometers, curling behavior is apt to be more common than isotropic bending behavior. The curling behavior is an anisotropic problem and is different from isotropic bending behavior as Stoney formula interprets. The isotropic bending behavior makes nanofilm to become a ball-like object while curling behavior makes nanofilm to become a tube-like object. If surface elasticity is imbalance, surface stress sum will bend nanofilms and surface stress difference expands nanofilms. The balance surface elasticity and surface stress induces isotropic elongation deformation despite the anisotropic shape of nanotubes. If surface elasticity is imbalance, the anisotropic elongation deformation in tangential and cylindrical directions appears.
{"title":"Curling behavior of free-standing nanofilms driven by surface stress: core-shell model","authors":"Jiangang Li, Xiaoxia Lei, Jianhua Ding, Zhixiang Gao, Hua Wang","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220185","url":null,"abstract":"A continuum theoretical model for describing curling behavior of free-standing nanofilms was given in this paper. Surface stress, surface elasticity (surface Young’s modulus), surface slice thickness and anisotropic deformation were considered. For a nanofilm with only several nanometers, curling behavior is apt to be more common than isotropic bending behavior. The curling behavior is an anisotropic problem and is different from isotropic bending behavior as Stoney formula interprets. The isotropic bending behavior makes nanofilm to become a ball-like object while curling behavior makes nanofilm to become a tube-like object. If surface elasticity is imbalance, surface stress sum will bend nanofilms and surface stress difference expands nanofilms. The balance surface elasticity and surface stress induces isotropic elongation deformation despite the anisotropic shape of nanotubes. If surface elasticity is imbalance, the anisotropic elongation deformation in tangential and cylindrical directions appears.","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123959091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220109
A. Lilane, D. Saifaoui, S. Ettami, M. Chouiekh, Y. Aroussy
Now Solar Photovoltaic (PV) can easily power electrical membrane desalination processes at low specific power consumption (SPC), kWh/m3. Direct contact with desalination system’s pump is considered a remarkable advantage for such techniques. In this work, Solar PV with/without battery bank is connected to the reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system for a production rate of 1-10 m3/day. The system is aiming to produce a freshwater from brackish water sources. MATLAB/Simulink toolbox is used to simulate the real system under different operating conditions. Real time simulation is presented to measure the system performance along the day. Genetic Algorithm is also used to optimize the system performance under different operating conditions.
{"title":"Simulation and Optimization of a RO/EV Pilot Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant powered by PV Solar Energy: The Application to Brackish Water at low concentration.","authors":"A. Lilane, D. Saifaoui, S. Ettami, M. Chouiekh, Y. Aroussy","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220109","url":null,"abstract":"Now Solar Photovoltaic (PV) can easily power electrical membrane desalination processes at low specific power consumption (SPC), kWh/m3. Direct contact with desalination system’s pump is considered a remarkable advantage for such techniques. In this work, Solar PV with/without battery bank is connected to the reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system for a production rate of 1-10 m3/day. The system is aiming to produce a freshwater from brackish water sources. MATLAB/Simulink toolbox is used to simulate the real system under different operating conditions. Real time simulation is presented to measure the system performance along the day. Genetic Algorithm is also used to optimize the system performance under different operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123199939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220100
Najoua Fangachi, Ikram Najihi, M. Yessari, A. Hajjaji
Road transport is one of the primary energy-consuming sectors. Therefore, the concept discussed in this paper is of great interest since it aims at transforming this sector into a clean and renewable energy producer by using piezoelectric conversion. In this context, the work carried out in this paper focuses on studying the electrical power density recovered by a miniaturized dynamic weighing system based on piezoelectric sensors by varying the truck's speed and weight. According to the tests performed, the power density collected is approximately 36,06W/ m3 for a moving speed is 0,52m/s and a vehicle weight equal to 1150g. The system described in this paper offers the possibility to control the moving vehicle load by weighing and converting the vibrations into electricity by the direct piezoelectric effect.
{"title":"Energy harvesting using a dynamic weighing system based on piezoelectric materials","authors":"Najoua Fangachi, Ikram Najihi, M. Yessari, A. Hajjaji","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220100","url":null,"abstract":"Road transport is one of the primary energy-consuming sectors. Therefore, the concept discussed in this paper is of great interest since it aims at transforming this sector into a clean and renewable energy producer by using piezoelectric conversion. In this context, the work carried out in this paper focuses on studying the electrical power density recovered by a miniaturized dynamic weighing system based on piezoelectric sensors by varying the truck's speed and weight. According to the tests performed, the power density collected is approximately 36,06W/ m3 for a moving speed is 0,52m/s and a vehicle weight equal to 1150g. The system described in this paper offers the possibility to control the moving vehicle load by weighing and converting the vibrations into electricity by the direct piezoelectric effect.","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114765907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220081
M. Bousseta, L. Nkhaili, A. Narjis, A. El kissani, A. Tchenka, A. Outzourhit
Thin films of vanadium oxide were deposited on glass substrates by the radio frequency reactive sputtering from a high purity metallic vanadium target (99.7%) with a diameter of 10 cm. The reactive sputtering was carried out in an argon-oxygen gas mixture containing 10% of O2 and 90% of Ar. The films were deposited at different RF powers (150 W, 200 W, 250 W and 300 W) for a fixed deposition time of 150 min. X-ray diffractograms showed that the deposited thin films crystallized in an orthorhombic V2O5 phase. It was found that the crystallite size varies with the RF power and is maximized using 300W as a RF power. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman scattering analyzes have confirmed the formation of V2O5 thin films. In addition, optical transmittance measurements were performed using a Shimadzu UV-PC spectrophotometer in the 200–3200 nm range. It was observed that the optical band gap of the films decreases with increasing the RF power. Electrical resistivity was found to decrease by increasing the RF power from 150 to 250 W, then it increases
{"title":"Effect of the RF-power and annealing on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of RF-sputtered V2O5 thin films","authors":"M. Bousseta, L. Nkhaili, A. Narjis, A. El kissani, A. Tchenka, A. Outzourhit","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220081","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films of vanadium oxide were deposited on glass substrates by the radio frequency reactive \u0000sputtering from a high purity metallic vanadium target (99.7%) with a diameter of 10 cm. The \u0000reactive sputtering was carried out in an argon-oxygen gas mixture containing 10% of O2 and \u000090% of Ar. The films were deposited at different RF powers (150 W, 200 W, 250 W and 300 \u0000W) for a fixed deposition time of 150 min. X-ray diffractograms showed that the deposited thin \u0000films crystallized in an orthorhombic V2O5 phase. It was found that the crystallite size varies \u0000with the RF power and is maximized using 300W as a RF power. Scanning Electron \u0000Microscopy and Raman scattering analyzes have confirmed the formation of V2O5 thin films. \u0000In addition, optical transmittance measurements were performed using a Shimadzu UV-PC \u0000spectrophotometer in the 200–3200 nm range. It was observed that the optical band gap of the \u0000films decreases with increasing the RF power. Electrical resistivity was found to decrease by \u0000increasing the RF power from 150 to 250 W, then it increases","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122708752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar evaporation water purification technology is becoming one of the main research directions to solve the fresh water shortage in recent years. The preparation of micro- and nano-sized photothermal materials with satisfied light absorption properties and the design of appropriate evaporation systems significantly contribute to the efficiency of clean water output. Through desalination of seawater and purification of wastewater, the world wide problem of fresh water shortage is expected to be effectively alleviated. This paper reviews the classification of micro- and nano-sized evaporation materials, the composition of evaporator structures, the strategies to improve thermal efficiency and the practical applications of photothermal evaporation in numerous aspects in recent years, and finally gives an outlook on the future development direction of evaporators.
{"title":"Micro- and nano-sized materials for solar evaporators：a review","authors":"Jialun Li, Fei Yu, Bin Cai, Liying Wang, Xijia Yang, Wei Lü","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220179","url":null,"abstract":"Solar evaporation water purification technology is becoming one of the main research directions to solve the fresh water shortage in recent years. The preparation of micro- and nano-sized photothermal materials with satisfied light absorption properties and the design of appropriate evaporation systems significantly contribute to the efficiency of clean water output. Through desalination of seawater and purification of wastewater, the world wide problem of fresh water shortage is expected to be effectively alleviated. This paper reviews the classification of micro- and nano-sized evaporation materials, the composition of evaporator structures, the strategies to improve thermal efficiency and the practical applications of photothermal evaporation in numerous aspects in recent years, and finally gives an outlook on the future development direction of evaporators.","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126369669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220164
Tahar Merizgui, B. Gaoui, A. Hadjadj, M. Kious
Hybrid polymer composites represent a new class of materials that have unique combination of magnetic, electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties, which are applicable for funnel of electromagnetic (EM) noises. In this study, we present a process for scalable composition of Silane grafted epoxy composites through adding Carbon fibre (CF)/Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3)/ indium tin oxide (ITO) Nano particles and a designed grid of appropriately sized metal streaks along E-glass fiber (eGF), and report on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) with mechanical properties of composites. The examined ribbon shield detect a good total EMI SE of SET (~ 78 dB) at a different thickness of 2-2.5 and 3 mm in the 'E, F, I, and J' band frequency. In an analogous fashion, the reinforcement grid approach relies on the periodic sizing to manage the equilibrium between incoming wave from outside world and shielding efficiency of proposed composites. We provide a solution by creating a new concept of a hybrid shield, whose SE can be varied in situ depending on the EM context due to the used high filler content, whose SE can dynamically and institute be modified via the concept of reinforcement.
杂化聚合物复合材料是一类具有独特的磁、电、介电和力学综合性能的新型材料，适用于电磁噪声漏斗。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种硅烷接枝环氧复合材料的可扩展组成工艺，通过添加碳纤维(CF)/氧化铁(Fe2O3)/氧化铟锡(ITO)纳米颗粒和设计的适当尺寸的金属条纹网格沿e -玻璃纤维(eGF)，并报告了电磁干扰屏蔽效能(EMI SE)与复合材料的力学性能。所检测的带状屏蔽在E、F、I和J波段频率下，在2-2.5和3mm的不同厚度下检测到良好的SET总EMI SE (~ 78 dB)。在类似的方式下，增强网格方法依赖于周期性尺寸来管理来自外界的入射波和所提出的复合材料的屏蔽效率之间的平衡。我们通过创建混合盾构的新概念提供了一种解决方案，由于使用了高填充物含量，其SE可以根据EM环境在原位变化，其SE可以通过增强的概念动态修改。
{"title":"High efficiency microwave shielding films based on carbon fibre and ITO/Ag/Fe2O3 hybrid polymer composites","authors":"Tahar Merizgui, B. Gaoui, A. Hadjadj, M. Kious","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220164","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid polymer composites represent a new class of materials that have unique combination of magnetic, electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties, which are applicable for funnel of electromagnetic (EM) noises. In this study, we present a process for scalable composition of Silane grafted epoxy composites through adding Carbon fibre (CF)/Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3)/ indium tin oxide (ITO) Nano particles and a designed grid of appropriately sized metal streaks along E-glass fiber (eGF), and report on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) with mechanical properties of composites. The examined ribbon shield detect a good total EMI SE of SET (~ 78 dB) at a different thickness of 2-2.5 and 3 mm in the 'E, F, I, and J' band frequency. In an analogous fashion, the reinforcement grid approach relies on the periodic sizing to manage the equilibrium between incoming wave from outside world and shielding efficiency of proposed composites. We provide a solution by creating a new concept of a hybrid shield, whose SE can be varied in situ depending on the EM context due to the used high filler content, whose SE can dynamically and institute be modified via the concept of reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129839362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220113
Ankush Sharma, D. Pathak, Davinder Pal Sharma, J. Nunzi
Because of the challenges brought by our continuous reliance on fossil fuels, there has been a rush in the creation of numerous types of solar cells in recent years. The functionality of organic solar cells with a bulk heterojunction structure has substantially increased in recent years. However, further advancements are required for large-scale engineering of this technology and precision device production. The fundamental of BHJ, working mechanism, characteristics, architecture and recent breakthroughs of this technology for solar cells, photocatalytic applications and photodetectors are highlighted in this article. The approaches to advance the stability, including the control over morphology, absorption coefficient, charge carrier mobility and lifetime, exciton lifetime, exciton binding energy and dissociation are also discussed in this article. Lastly, there are recommendations for needed improvements as well as future research areas in the realm of bulk-heterojunction solar cells. We expect this review could provide enriched information to better understand the BHJ structure and recent progress in this field.
{"title":"Recent advances in bulk-heterojunction solar cells: A Review","authors":"Ankush Sharma, D. Pathak, Davinder Pal Sharma, J. Nunzi","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2022220113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022220113","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the challenges brought by our continuous reliance on fossil fuels, there has been a rush in the creation of numerous types of solar cells in recent years. The functionality of organic solar cells with a bulk heterojunction structure has substantially increased in recent years. However, further advancements are required for large-scale engineering of this technology and precision device production. The fundamental of BHJ, working mechanism, characteristics, architecture and recent breakthroughs of this technology for solar cells, photocatalytic applications and photodetectors are highlighted in this article. The approaches to advance the stability, including the control over morphology, absorption coefficient, charge carrier mobility and lifetime, exciton lifetime, exciton binding energy and dissociation are also discussed in this article. Lastly, there are recommendations for needed improvements as well as future research areas in the realm of bulk-heterojunction solar cells. We expect this review could provide enriched information to better understand the BHJ structure and recent progress in this field.","PeriodicalId":301303,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Applied Physics","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132485411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2022220170
S. Assif, A. Faiz, Chahbi Aziz, Penpen Komgue L. B, A. Hajjaji
The ear is the organ responsible for the perception of hearing. Its role is to amplify, transmit and convert an acoustic wave present in the environment into an electrical pulse that can be interpreted by the brain using the auditory nerve. There are different types of hearing loss, such as conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, or mixed hearing loss, which is a combination of the first two. Conductive deafness, the type we are interested in this work, is related to a dysfunction of the middle ear, leading to an interruption of the progression of the sound wave within the hearing organ. This type of deafness is caused by impulse noise which is found in a large number of professional environments. The objective of this research is the creation of a 3D model of the human ear in order to characterize these noises to evaluate the auditory risks they induce in professional environment, to identify the means to protect oneself as well as possible. This 3D model of the human ear was developed using the Comsol Multiphysics software. The structure-acoustic interaction between the ear canal as a propagation field of the acoustic wave and the ear structures consisting of skin, cartilage, bone and tympanic membrane was solved using finite element analysis (FEA). We modeled the ossicular chain, the middle ear cavity and the cochlea by the equivalent mechanical impedance of a mass-spring-damper system. The results obtained show that the maximum displacements of the umbo are obtained in the frequency range of [1.7, 2.6] kHz, the sound pressure gain had the shape of a peak with a maximum at a frequency of 3 kHz. The displacement of the umbo depends on the damping coefficient d. The sound pressure at the tympanic membrane was increased compared to that at the entrance of the ear canal. These results were validated by the experimental results using the IN-VIVO experiment.
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