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Exploration of Salt Farmers’ E-Marketing Strategy: A Lesson from Madura Island, Indonesia 盐农网络营销策略探索:以印尼马都拉岛为例
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.14351
Fathor As, Fatimatul Fatmariyah
This study aims to explore various e-marketing strategies that salt farmers might use. The qualitative-descriptive method was chosen as the method used in this research. Researchers collected data by observing, conducting interviews, and documenting our studies. The method of analysis is known as descriptive-qualitative analysis. The findings indicated that salt farmers' knowledge of the various forms of e-marketing media was satisfactory. However, their expertise consisted just of knowledge, and they needed to learn how to make the most of the existing media to exploit it as a promotional tool. Although salt farmers are already familiar with many different media that can use as marketing media, the most excellent e-marketing technique for business uses only Facebook networking or social media marketing strategy.
本研究旨在探讨盐农可能使用的各种电子营销策略。本研究采用定性描述方法。研究人员通过观察、访谈和记录我们的研究来收集数据。这种分析方法被称为描述定性分析。调查结果表明,盐农对各种形式的网络营销媒体的了解程度令人满意。然而,他们的专业知识只是知识,他们需要学习如何充分利用现有的媒体,将其作为一种宣传工具。虽然盐农已经熟悉了许多不同的可以用作营销媒体的媒体,但最优秀的商业电子营销技术只有使用Facebook网络或社交媒体营销策略。
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引用次数: 1
Cross-cultural Negotiation Conflicts: The Myanmar Case 跨文化谈判冲突:缅甸案例
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.14132
Annamaria Sasne Grosz, Laszlo Jozsa, Sandi Maung
The economic role of Southeast Asia has deeply changed in the past decades therefore Central European companies turned to collaborate with many of them. However, the cultural differences can lead to fiasco. We focused on understanding the role of cultural background in business negotiation and potential conflicts of international businesses. In the qualitative phase, we looked for entrepreneurs and corporate professionals in Southeast Asia who (1) were native to the country and had contact with the European business world; (2) were European businesspeople operating in Southeast Asia. We prepared in-depth interviews with 10 people where questions concerned the differences between cultures, their business role, and personal experiences. We found that the business culture of the studied countries is primarily determined by the values ​​of the Buddhist religion, characterized by a highly hierarchical structure and a large distance of power. The stable foundation of businesses is family relationships, they operate in a centralized way, characterized by one-person decision-making. Outsiders are not allowed access to the business, resulting in very low transparency. Due to some similarities between Central European business habits and Burmese culture cooperation is possible. Beside the description of a seldom studied country’s business style, potential conflict situation was determined.
东南亚的经济角色在过去几十年中发生了深刻变化,因此中欧公司转而与其中许多公司合作。然而,文化差异可能导致惨败。我们专注于了解文化背景在商务谈判中的作用以及国际商务的潜在冲突。在定性阶段,我们寻找东南亚的企业家和企业专业人士,他们(1)土生土长,与欧洲商界有联系;(2) 是在东南亚经营的欧洲商人。我们准备了对10个人的深入采访,其中的问题涉及文化之间的差异、他们的商业角色和个人经历。我们发现,被研究国家的商业文化主要由价值观决定​​佛教的一种,以高度等级结构和权力距离大为特点。企业的稳定基础是家庭关系,它们以集中的方式运作,其特点是一人决策。外部人士不被允许进入该业务,导致透明度非常低。由于中欧商业习惯和缅甸文化之间的一些相似之处,合作是可能的。除了描述一个很少被研究的国家的商业风格外,还确定了潜在的冲突情况。
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引用次数: 0
Brand Name Language: Is it True That Foreign Brand Names are More Qualified, Luxurious and Modern? 品牌语言:外国品牌确实更合格、更豪华、更现代吗?
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.14231
S. Sutisna, Tata Rustandi
The purpose of this study is to see whether product brand names that use foreign languages, especially English, are perceived as higher quality, more luxurious, and more modern than product brand names that use local languages by consumers in developing countries.  The population in this study were residents of Banten Province, Indonesia. Data collection using a questionnaire distributed via google form and collected as many as 275 respondents' answers. The analysis method uses paired sample mean difference test. The results showed that foreign brand names that use foreign languages are perceived as higher quality, more luxurious, and more modern than brand names that use local languages. Therefore, giving product brand names whose markets are consumers in developing countries, using foreign language brand names, especially English, will be preferred by consumers.
本研究的目的是了解发展中国家消费者是否认为使用外语(尤其是英语)的产品品牌名称比使用当地语言的产品品牌更高质量、更豪华、更现代。本研究中的人口为印度尼西亚万丹省的居民。使用通过谷歌表格分发的问卷进行数据收集,收集了多达275名受访者的答案。分析方法采用配对样本平均差检验。结果表明,使用外语的外国品牌名称被认为比使用当地语言的品牌名称质量更高、更豪华、更现代。因此,为市场为发展中国家消费者的产品命名,使用外语品牌名称,尤其是英语,将受到消费者的青睐。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the Impact of Sensory Marketing on Young Consumers: A McDonald’s Case Study 感官营销对年轻消费者的影响:以麦当劳为例
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.14320
Vusumuzi David Mbatha, Aaron Koopman, T. Chuchu
In recent years research on sensory marketing has attracted the attention of marketing researchers and scholars alike. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sensory stimuli that is used to create arousal, and to examine whether this arousal influences consumer attitudes and purchase intentions. Previously documented literature was used as a foundation for this research while additional opportunities to expand this topic’s literature was identified. While previous studies and results on sensory marketing exist, there is a lack of South African related literature on the concept. The quantitative research approach was used to measure the proposed conceptual model and hypotheses, and the convenience sampling method was chosen as the technique to acquire the required sample. To facilitate this study, a seven-point Likert scale was used with questions and statements adapted from previous literature. Of the 300 distributed surveys, 279 were returned, deemed viable, processed and interpreted. The findings of this study support all the proposed hypotheses. Furthermore, this study’s findings and conclusions contribute towards comprehension of sensory marketing from a young consumer’s perspective.
近年来,感官营销的研究引起了营销研究者和学者的广泛关注。本研究的目的是探讨感官刺激的影响,是用来创造唤醒,并检查是否这种唤醒影响消费者的态度和购买意愿。先前记录的文献被用作本研究的基础,同时确定了扩展该主题文献的额外机会。虽然之前有关于感官营销的研究和结果存在,但缺乏南非相关的概念文献。采用定量研究方法对提出的概念模型和假设进行检验,并选择方便抽样法作为获取所需样本的技术。为了便于本研究,我们使用了李克特7分量表,其中的问题和陈述改编自以前的文献。在分发的300份调查中,279份被认为可行、处理和解释。这项研究的结果支持了所有提出的假设。此外,本研究的发现和结论有助于从年轻消费者的角度理解感官营销。
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引用次数: 0
Inter-Role Conflict and Intention to Quit with Psychological Strain as a Mediator 以心理紧张为中介的角色间冲突与退出意向
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.14192
S. Sundari, H. Tjahjono, A. Hartono, Wisnu Prajogo
Researches on inter-role conflict between work and family were initially carried out in developed countries with individualistic cultures based on western cultural contexts. However, currently, there has been an increasing number of researches on the same topic conducted in Asian countries with its collectivistic cultural contexts. One of the direct consequences of Work-family conflict is the emergence of psychological strain, thus leading to the intention to quit. This study examines the effect of work-family conflict and family-work conflict on the intention to quit working with the mediating role of psychological strain. The research was conducted on 270 employees of Rural Bank in Indonesia, a country with collectivistic culture. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling method. Work-family conflict has a direct effect on intention to quit, as well as an indirect effect mediated by psychological strain. Psychological strain has a direct effect on intention to quit. Family-Work conflict had an indirect effect on intention to quit, mediated entirely by psychological strain. Psychological strain has mediated the effect of Work-family conflict and Family-work conflict on Intention to quit.
关于工作与家庭角色间冲突的研究最早是在西方文化背景下的个人主义文化发达国家开展的。然而,目前在具有集体主义文化背景的亚洲国家,对同一主题的研究越来越多。工作与家庭冲突的直接后果之一是心理压力的出现,从而导致辞职的念头。本研究考察了工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作冲突在心理紧张的中介作用下对辞职意向的影响。研究对象是印度尼西亚农村银行的270名员工,这是一个具有集体主义文化的国家。采用结构方程建模方法对数据进行分析。工作-家庭冲突对辞职意愿有直接影响,也有心理压力介导的间接影响。心理压力对戒烟有直接影响。家庭工作冲突对戒烟意向有间接影响,完全由心理压力介导。心理压力在工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作冲突对辞职意向的影响中起中介作用。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Marketing Communications Strategies During and Post Covid 19: A South African Perspective 理解2019冠状病毒病期间和之后的营销传播策略:一个南非的视角
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.13946
Marlini Moodley, Dipolelo Fungile, Farai Nyika, Winiswa Mavutha
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a shift in consumer behaviour, as there was an increase of first-time E and M-commerce shoppers. This resulted in South African marketers adjusting to digitisation by creating clear communication and marketing strategies. The research objectives of this study were to understand how South African brand and marketing managers adapted to the COVID pandemic and to comprehend how marketing communication strategies in general have changed since. A qualitative methodology of structured interviews was conducted. A convenience sampling method was used to select the participants. The research findings indicate that the eight managers interviewed relied on face-to-face interaction with the customer through in store promotions and events before COVID-19. Several interviewees stated that communication on product benefits and features relied heavily on in-store activations. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, all marketers who participated in the study revealed that they invested in digital communications. As more brands and businesses used digital platforms and social media to drive their products, marketers had to work on communicating in order to convert into sales, but they also increased customer engagement. The study highlights how innovative marketing communication strategies in the post COVID environment leads to an agile enterprise having a competitive advantage. The study also highlights the importance of understanding income and demographics of the South African customer in different regions of the country, as that influences the marketing strategies used.
新冠肺炎疫情的影响导致消费者行为发生转变,首次电子商务和移动商务购物者增加。这导致南非营销人员通过制定清晰的沟通和营销策略来适应数字化。本研究的研究目标是了解南非品牌和营销经理如何适应新冠肺炎疫情,并了解此后营销传播策略的总体变化。采用了结构化访谈的定性方法。采用方便的抽样方法来选择参与者。研究结果表明,在新冠肺炎之前,受访的八名经理依靠与顾客的面对面互动,通过店内促销和活动。几位受访者表示,关于产品优势和功能的沟通在很大程度上依赖于店内激活。然而,在新冠肺炎大流行期间,所有参与研究的营销人员都透露,他们投资于数字通信。随着越来越多的品牌和企业使用数字平台和社交媒体来驱动他们的产品,营销人员不得不努力进行沟通,以转化为销售额,但他们也增加了客户参与度。该研究强调了在后新冠疫情环境中创新的营销沟通策略如何使敏捷企业具有竞争优势。该研究还强调了了解南非不同地区客户的收入和人口统计数据的重要性,因为这会影响所使用的营销策略。
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引用次数: 0
Satisfaction and Loyalty of Korean Restaurant Consumers Based on Consumer Value and Knowledge 基于消费者价值和知识的韩国餐厅消费者满意度与忠诚度
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.14207
Caesarilla Maggie Zavira, D. Ismoyowati, H. Yuliando
Korean food is increasingly popular worldwide, which has made many Korean restaurants pop up, including in Yogyakarta. However, with the various challenges, some restaurants are currently not operating. One of the factors that may be the cause is the need for more consumer satisfaction in the competitive Korean food market. This research examines the effect of consumer values (hedonic and utilitarian value) and consumer knowledge on consumer satisfaction and loyalty in Korean restaurants. Partial Least Square was used in this study by taking a sample of 331 respondents using purposive and snowball sampling techniques through online surveys. Validity and reliability tests were also carried out at the beginning of data processing. Descriptive analysis is used to find out socio-demographic information and consumer behaviour. The analysis results show that consumer value and knowledge positively and significantly affect customer satisfaction and loyalty. Utilitarian has a greater influence than hedonic values. Satisfaction can be explained by hedonic and utilitarian value and consumer knowledge by 60.2%, while consumer loyalty can be explained by 61.8%.
韩国食品在世界范围内越来越受欢迎,这使得许多韩国餐馆如雨后春笋般出现,包括日惹。然而,面对各种各样的挑战,一些餐馆目前还没有营业。原因之一可能是在竞争激烈的韩国食品市场中需要更多的消费者满意度。本研究考察了消费者价值观(享乐价值观和功利价值观)和消费者知识对韩国餐馆消费者满意度和忠诚度的影响。本研究采用偏最小二乘法,通过在线调查,采用有目的和滚雪球抽样技术,对331名受访者进行抽样。在数据处理开始时,还进行了有效性和可靠性测试。描述性分析用于找出社会人口信息和消费者行为。分析结果表明,消费者价值和知识对顾客满意度和忠诚度有正向显著影响。功利主义比享乐价值观更有影响力。满意度可以用享乐和功利价值以及60.2%的消费者知识来解释,而消费者忠诚度可以用61.8%来解释。
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引用次数: 0
Nurses’ Emotional Intelligence, Satisfaction in Lebanon: The Mediating Role of Job Stress 黎巴嫩护士情绪智力、满意度:工作压力的中介作用
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.14026
Suzan S. Al Kadi, A. Beydoun, A. Abbas
This study aims to examine the direct effect of nurses’ emotional intelligence (EI) on their job satisfaction, as well as the indirect effect through the mediating role of job stress (JS). The sample consisted of 365 nurses working in Lebanese hospitals during the COVID-19 period. The results revealed that EI elements (Self-awareness, self-management, social-awareness and relationship-management) had a significant positive effect on nurses’ job satisfaction. The existence of the negative mediation of job stress between the four EI skills and attitudes was found. The generalizability is limited to the Lebanese registered nurses in hospitals. Future research needs to incorporate other samples like the private nurses. A comparative study to provide further clarify the effect of EI and JS on the nurses at different levels is needed. This study extends research on organizational behavior to Eastern culture by examining the direct effect of EI on attitudes as well as the indirect effect through the mediating effect of JS which was not previously tackled. It suggests that the four skills of EI have a significant positive effect on nurses’ attitudes. It emphasizes the full mediation role of JS. The obtained results indicated that hospitals can increase job satisfaction bettering the employees’ EI.
本研究旨在检验护士情绪智力(EI)对其工作满意度的直接影响,以及通过工作压力(JS)的中介作用产生的间接影响。样本由新冠肺炎期间在黎巴嫩医院工作的365名护士组成。结果表明,EI因素(自我意识、自我管理、社会意识和关系管理)对护士工作满意度有显著的正向影响。研究发现,四种EI技能和态度之间存在工作压力的负中介作用。可推广性仅限于医院的黎巴嫩注册护士。未来的研究需要纳入其他样本,比如私人护士。需要进行一项比较研究,以进一步阐明EI和JS对不同级别护士的影响。本研究通过考察EI对态度的直接影响,以及JS通过中介作用产生的间接影响,将组织行为研究扩展到东方文化。这表明EI的四项技能对护士的态度有显著的正向影响。它强调JS的充分中介作用。研究结果表明,医院可以通过改善员工的EI来提高工作满意度。
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引用次数: 0
The Realities of Learning through Failure in Entrepreneurship: Results of Qualitative Research 从创业失败中学习的现实:定性研究的结果
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.14239
Nizar Mtibaa, S. Boudabbous
In this research work, we sought to conceptualize the existing relationship between entrepreneurial learning and failure. By exploring the theoretical models of entrepreneurial learning, particularly those of Cope (2005) and Politis (2005), we identified three major research proposals that we confronted with reality by conducting an exploratory qualitative study with 10 Tunisian entrepreneurs who had experienced failure during their entrepreneurial activity. Through this study, we retained that failure constitutes an opportunity for entrepreneurial learning that manifests itself as a continuous process where the emotions of the entrepreneur play an important role. This learning depends on the nature of the failure, the emotions and the emotional regulators.
在这项研究工作中,我们试图概念化创业学习与失败之间存在的关系。通过探索创业学习的理论模型,特别是Cope(2005)和Politis(2005)的理论模型,我们通过对10名在创业活动中经历过失败的突尼斯企业家进行探索性定性研究,确定了我们面对现实的三个主要研究建议。通过这项研究,我们认为失败构成了创业学习的机会,这种学习表现为一个持续的过程,在这个过程中,企业家的情绪起着重要的作用。这种学习取决于失败的性质、情绪和情绪调节器。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of ESG on Strategic Success in Jordanian Islamic Banks ESG对约旦伊斯兰银行战略成功的影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.32479/irmm.13775
K. K. Alafi
The study aimed to identify the criteria of ESG with its dimensions (Environmental, Social, and Governance) in Strategic Success with its combined dimensions (Specific Strategy, Specific Implementation, Motivational Culture, and Continuous Innovation). The random sample consists of managers that working in Jordanian Islamic banks with a total of (108) individuals. The study adopted the questionnaire as the study tool and was distributed to the respondents. The questionnaire was developed based on previous studies, and the answers were analyzed using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). The study concluded that there is a high level of implementation of governance pillars and Strategic Success in Jordanian Islamic banks, and that there is a statistically significant impact of all governance pillars represented by (Environmental, Social, and Governance) on Strategic Success. The study recommended that Jordanian Islamic banks must continue to implement governance pillars (ESG) and do more work toward achieving Strategic Success.
本研究旨在确定ESG及其维度(环境、社会和治理)在战略成功及其组合维度(具体战略、具体实施、激励文化和持续创新)中的标准。随机样本由在约旦伊斯兰银行工作的经理组成,总共有108人。本研究采用问卷作为研究工具,并发放给被调查者。在前人研究的基础上编制问卷,并使用SPSS统计分析程序对答案进行分析。研究得出的结论是,约旦伊斯兰银行的治理支柱和战略成功的实施水平很高,并且以(环境、社会和治理)为代表的所有治理支柱对战略成功的影响在统计上都很显著。该研究建议,约旦伊斯兰银行必须继续实施治理支柱(ESG),并为实现战略成功做更多工作。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Review of Management and Marketing
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