{"title":"THE MALARIA VECTOR IN THE AREA SURROUNDED BY RICE FIELD IN KHAMMAOUNE PROVINCE. LAO PDR WITH THE DISCUSSION OF THE FUTURE ITM STRATEGY IN LAOS AND ALSO MEKONG AREA","authors":"J. Kobayashi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126503052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present talk, many great names of history in Japanese Tropical Medicine were mentioned. They were Drs. Yoshio Sawai, Manabu Sasa, Kanzen Teruya, Hachiro Sato, Yoshito Otsuji and others who worked with tropical medicine-related health problems/diseases such as, snake (Habu) bite, Tsutsugamushi disease, malaria, filariasis, schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis and other infectious or parasitic diseases. About 40 years ago, all these diseases were highly prevalent at country-wide in Japan and they were great public health problems, because of poor sanitary conditions and insufficient political atention. For example, snake (Habu) bite was one of the most serious health problem in subtropical regions of Japan, especially in Okinawa and Amami-Oshima islands. During 13 years from 1959 to 1971, 3,510 snake bite cases were reported from AmamiOshima island; the average fatality rate was 0.8% in the area. Dr. Yoshio Sawai, a microbiologist at the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Tokyo was the person who hardly worked with the Habu bite. In 1952 he was appointed as Associate Professor and chief of the newlyestablished laboratory of biological products at the Institute. Antivenin productions including these for Habu venom was one of the traditional work in the institute. Naturally Dr. Sawai tried to develop more effective and useful Habu toxoid. He frequently visited Naze Health Center, AmamiOshima island and observed there many patients suffered from serious and aggressive Habu bites with severe necrosis at the site of snake bite. He started laboratory investigations to improve the treatment of Habu bite, together with his coworkers at the Institute. Their purified and lyophilized antivenin was favorable to decrease numbers of the severe cases of Habu bites when applied clinically at Amami-Oshima island. However, yearly occurrence of severe clinical cases were still found in the area, in spite of such a Dr. Sawai's untiring efforts. After analyzing many clinical cases of Habu bites, Dr. Sawai reached to the conclusion that there might be a limitation in their serum treatment against the snake bite, because the development of local lesions by the large amount of Habu venom was too rapid for the antivenin treatment to prevent. Then, in 1963, Dr. Sawai re-
在这次谈话中，提到了许多日本热带医学史上的伟人。他们是博士。泽井义夫、Sasa Manabu、Teruya Kanzen、Sato Hachiro、Otsuji义人以及其他从事与热带医学相关的健康问题/疾病(如蛇(Habu)咬伤、恙虫病、疟疾、丝虫病、血吸虫病、肺吸虫病和其他传染病或寄生虫病)工作的人员。大约40年前，所有这些疾病在日本全国范围内非常普遍，由于卫生条件差和政治关注不足，它们是严重的公共卫生问题。例如，蛇(Habu)咬伤是日本亚热带地区，特别是冲绳和奄美大岛最严重的健康问题之一。1959 ~ 1971年13年间，天之岛共报告蛇咬伤病例3510例;该地区的平均死亡率为0.8%。东京大学(University of Tokyo)医学科学研究所(Institute of Medical Science)的微生物学家泽井义夫(Yoshio Sawai)博士几乎没有研究过Habu咬伤。1952年，他被任命为该研究所新成立的生物制品实验室的副教授和主任。抗蛇毒血清的生产，包括这些哈布毒液是该研究所的传统工作之一。自然，泽井博士试图开发更有效和有用的Habu类毒素。他经常去天之岛的Naze保健中心，观察到许多病人在蛇咬伤部位出现严重的、侵袭性的Habu咬伤。他和研究所的同事们开始进行实验室调查，以改善哈布咬伤的治疗方法。经纯化冻干后的抗蛇毒血清在奄美大岛临床应用，有利于减少哈布咬伤重症病例。然而，尽管泽井博士做出了不懈的努力，该地区仍然发现了每年发生的严重临床病例。在分析了许多Habu咬伤的临床病例后，Sawai博士得出结论，他们对蛇咬伤的血清治疗可能存在局限性，因为大量Habu毒液导致局部病变的发展太快，抗蛇毒血清治疗无法预防。然后，在1963年，泽井博士重新开始
{"title":"THE GREAT NAMES OF HISTORY IN TROPICAL MEDICINE","authors":"Teruyuki Kobayashi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.19","url":null,"abstract":"In the present talk, many great names of history in Japanese Tropical Medicine were mentioned. They were Drs. Yoshio Sawai, Manabu Sasa, Kanzen Teruya, Hachiro Sato, Yoshito Otsuji and others who worked with tropical medicine-related health problems/diseases such as, snake (Habu) bite, Tsutsugamushi disease, malaria, filariasis, schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis and other infectious or parasitic diseases. About 40 years ago, all these diseases were highly prevalent at country-wide in Japan and they were great public health problems, because of poor sanitary conditions and insufficient political atention. For example, snake (Habu) bite was one of the most serious health problem in subtropical regions of Japan, especially in Okinawa and Amami-Oshima islands. During 13 years from 1959 to 1971, 3,510 snake bite cases were reported from AmamiOshima island; the average fatality rate was 0.8% in the area. Dr. Yoshio Sawai, a microbiologist at the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Tokyo was the person who hardly worked with the Habu bite. In 1952 he was appointed as Associate Professor and chief of the newlyestablished laboratory of biological products at the Institute. Antivenin productions including these for Habu venom was one of the traditional work in the institute. Naturally Dr. Sawai tried to develop more effective and useful Habu toxoid. He frequently visited Naze Health Center, AmamiOshima island and observed there many patients suffered from serious and aggressive Habu bites with severe necrosis at the site of snake bite. He started laboratory investigations to improve the treatment of Habu bite, together with his coworkers at the Institute. Their purified and lyophilized antivenin was favorable to decrease numbers of the severe cases of Habu bites when applied clinically at Amami-Oshima island. However, yearly occurrence of severe clinical cases were still found in the area, in spite of such a Dr. Sawai's untiring efforts. After analyzing many clinical cases of Habu bites, Dr. Sawai reached to the conclusion that there might be a limitation in their serum treatment against the snake bite, because the development of local lesions by the large amount of Habu venom was too rapid for the antivenin treatment to prevent. Then, in 1963, Dr. Sawai re-","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122679273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the first report of angiostrongylosis cantonensis by Nomura and Lin (1945), Angiostrongylus cantonensis has been recognized as a causative agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans in South Asian and Pacific areas (Roux et al., 1987; Purohit et al., 1991; Alibhoy et al., 1999; Cooke-Yarborough et al., 1999; Re and Gluckman, 2001). The diagnosis of the disease is usually based on clinical manifestations and immuno-serological test. Immuno-serological tests require a large amount of antigens. Therefore, it is a paramount importance to establish the life cycle of A. cantonensis in the laboratory. For this purpose, it is necessary to maintain the intermediate hosts in the laboratory. It is well known that various molluscan species can serve as intermediate hosts for A. cantonensis (Lim and Hyneman, 1965; Liat et al., 1965; Hori et al., 1976; Iwanaga et al., 1983). In general, snail species used to establish the life cycle of the parasite in the laboratory is Biomphalaria sp. that is easy to breed them. Although the larval development of A. cantonensis in Biomphalaria glabrata (Yousif and Lammler, 1977), Achatina fulica (Hori and Yamaguchi, 1982) and Ampullarium sp (Uchikawa et al., 1986) has been described, few detailed observations on the location of larvae and susceptibility of the pigmented and albino types of Biomphalaria snails are available. The present paper examines this relationship using laboratory colonies of the pigmented and albino types of Puerto Rican and Brazilian B. glabrata and pigmented B. straminea collected in Brazil. Only adult snails were used. The pigmented and albino types of Puerto Rican strains of B. glabrata were obtained from Puerto Rico via NIH in U.S. A. The Brazilian strains of snails were from the following areas in Brazil: Pigmented B. glabrata from Jaboatao, Pernambuco, albino B. glabrata from Belo Horizonte and pigmented B. straminea from Sao Lourenco da Mata. The snails have been reared in our laboratory by the modified method of Iwanaga and Tsuji (1972). Albino rats, Rattus norvegicus experimentally infected with A. cantonensis
自Nomura和Lin(1945)首次报道广州管圆线虫病以来，广州管圆线虫已被认为是南亚和太平洋地区人类嗜酸性脑膜脑炎的病原体(Roux et al.， 1987;Purohit et al.， 1991;Alibhoy et al.， 1999;Cooke-Yarborough et al.， 1999;Re and Gluckman, 2001)。该病的诊断通常基于临床表现和免疫血清学检查。免疫血清学测试需要大量抗原。因此，在实验室中建立广东按蚊的生命周期是至关重要的。为此，有必要在实验室中维持中间宿主。众所周知，各种软体动物可以作为广东棘球绦虫的中间寄主(Lim and Hyneman, 1965;Liat et al.， 1965;Hori et al.， 1976;Iwanaga et al.， 1983)。一般来说，在实验室中用来建立寄生虫生命周期的蜗牛种是易于繁殖的Biomphalaria sp.。虽然对广州棘球线虫在光螺(Biomphalaria glabrata, Yousif and Lammler, 1977)、fulica Achatina (Hori and Yamaguchi, 1982)和Ampullarium sp (Uchikawa et al.， 1986)中幼虫的发育进行了描述，但对棘球线虫幼虫的位置和对着色型和白化型蜗牛的易感性的详细观察却很少。本文利用在巴西收集的波多黎各和巴西光斑b虫和有色b虫的实验室菌落检验了这种关系。只使用成年蜗牛。由美国国立卫生研究院从波多黎各获得了色素型和白化型的光滑小蠊波多黎各菌株，巴西的蜗牛菌株来自巴西的以下地区:色素型光滑小蠊来自伯南布哥州的Jaboatao，白化型光滑小蠊来自贝洛奥里藏特，色素型光滑小蠊来自圣洛伦索达马塔。本实验室采用Iwanaga和Tsuji(1972)改良的方法饲养蜗牛。白化大鼠褐家鼠实验感染广东田鼠
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN PUERTO RICAN AND BRAZILIAN BIOMPHALARIA SNAILS.","authors":"Y. Iwanaga","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.365","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first report of angiostrongylosis cantonensis by Nomura and Lin (1945), Angiostrongylus cantonensis has been recognized as a causative agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans in South Asian and Pacific areas (Roux et al., 1987; Purohit et al., 1991; Alibhoy et al., 1999; Cooke-Yarborough et al., 1999; Re and Gluckman, 2001). The diagnosis of the disease is usually based on clinical manifestations and immuno-serological test. Immuno-serological tests require a large amount of antigens. Therefore, it is a paramount importance to establish the life cycle of A. cantonensis in the laboratory. For this purpose, it is necessary to maintain the intermediate hosts in the laboratory. It is well known that various molluscan species can serve as intermediate hosts for A. cantonensis (Lim and Hyneman, 1965; Liat et al., 1965; Hori et al., 1976; Iwanaga et al., 1983). In general, snail species used to establish the life cycle of the parasite in the laboratory is Biomphalaria sp. that is easy to breed them. Although the larval development of A. cantonensis in Biomphalaria glabrata (Yousif and Lammler, 1977), Achatina fulica (Hori and Yamaguchi, 1982) and Ampullarium sp (Uchikawa et al., 1986) has been described, few detailed observations on the location of larvae and susceptibility of the pigmented and albino types of Biomphalaria snails are available. The present paper examines this relationship using laboratory colonies of the pigmented and albino types of Puerto Rican and Brazilian B. glabrata and pigmented B. straminea collected in Brazil. Only adult snails were used. The pigmented and albino types of Puerto Rican strains of B. glabrata were obtained from Puerto Rico via NIH in U.S. A. The Brazilian strains of snails were from the following areas in Brazil: Pigmented B. glabrata from Jaboatao, Pernambuco, albino B. glabrata from Belo Horizonte and pigmented B. straminea from Sao Lourenco da Mata. The snails have been reared in our laboratory by the modified method of Iwanaga and Tsuji (1972). Albino rats, Rattus norvegicus experimentally infected with A. cantonensis","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116651632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ishih, K. Fujii, Mikako Sakai, Masami Iiboshi, T. Miyase, M. Terada
The antimalarial activity of the hot-water extract of leaves and roots of Dichroa febrifuga was evaluated against Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in ICR mice. Untreated control mice died with a gradual body weight loss and increase of parasitemia by day 9 after infection. The hot-water extract of leaves collected in June showed an antimalarial activity, and furthermore the possible adverse side effect was also observed. All mice given orally the extract of leaves (0.1 g/ml) collected in June died by day 9 without parasite multiplication. The mice given the lower concentration (0.025 g/ml) of the same leaf extract showed low parasitemia levels during administration. Following a transient increase of malaria parasites in the bloodstream, no parasites could be detected by a microscopic examination, and all mice survived during the experiment. On the other hand, the extract of leaves (0.1 g/ml) collected in December showed no activity. The extract of roots (0.1 g/ml) of D. febrifuga collected in December, however, had an antimalarial activity, and three mice out of four survived during the experiment. The leaves collected in June contained about 30 times as much febrifugine and isofebrifugine mixture as those in December.
{"title":"Seasonal differences in antimalarial activity of hot-water extract of Dichroa febrifuga leaves against Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in ICR mice, with reference to febrifugine and isofebrifugine content","authors":"A. Ishih, K. Fujii, Mikako Sakai, Masami Iiboshi, T. Miyase, M. Terada","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.361","url":null,"abstract":"The antimalarial activity of the hot-water extract of leaves and roots of Dichroa febrifuga was evaluated against Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in ICR mice. Untreated control mice died with a gradual body weight loss and increase of parasitemia by day 9 after infection. The hot-water extract of leaves collected in June showed an antimalarial activity, and furthermore the possible adverse side effect was also observed. All mice given orally the extract of leaves (0.1 g/ml) collected in June died by day 9 without parasite multiplication. The mice given the lower concentration (0.025 g/ml) of the same leaf extract showed low parasitemia levels during administration. Following a transient increase of malaria parasites in the bloodstream, no parasites could be detected by a microscopic examination, and all mice survived during the experiment. On the other hand, the extract of leaves (0.1 g/ml) collected in December showed no activity. The extract of roots (0.1 g/ml) of D. febrifuga collected in December, however, had an antimalarial activity, and three mice out of four survived during the experiment. The leaves collected in June contained about 30 times as much febrifugine and isofebrifugine mixture as those in December.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128607813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julieta Yuri Ohya, H. Matsuoka, N. Mukaida, T. Kasahara, A. Ishii
Peripheral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells have been demonstrated to kill and inhibit malaria parasite proliferation in vitro, but most of the reports required activation of the cells by cytokines or presence of immune sera or opsonins. In our study, peripheral blood leukocytes from non-immune donor efficiently inhibited Plasmodium falciparum growth, depending on the effecter/target ratio. Moreover, these cells produced a large amount of interlenkin-8 (IL-8) under stimulation with infected erythrocytes or supernatant of the Plasmodium falciparum culture. IL-8 secretion in the culture supernatant of polymorphonuclear cells was noted from 6-9 hr of stimulation with the parasites, with a substantial increase over 24 hours of culture. Attempt to elucidate whether IL-8 was involved in malaria suppression was done, and the result suggested that IL-8 was not directly involved in the anti-malarial activity of the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells. The other mechanism besides IL-8 may work for inhibiting parasite growth in the culture system of malaria parasites associated with leukocytes.
{"title":"Growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum and interleukin-8 production by peripheral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in vitro.","authors":"Julieta Yuri Ohya, H. Matsuoka, N. Mukaida, T. Kasahara, A. Ishii","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.351","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells have been demonstrated to kill and inhibit malaria parasite proliferation in vitro, but most of the reports required activation of the cells by cytokines or presence of immune sera or opsonins. In our study, peripheral blood leukocytes from non-immune donor efficiently inhibited Plasmodium falciparum growth, depending on the effecter/target ratio. Moreover, these cells produced a large amount of interlenkin-8 (IL-8) under stimulation with infected erythrocytes or supernatant of the Plasmodium falciparum culture. IL-8 secretion in the culture supernatant of polymorphonuclear cells was noted from 6-9 hr of stimulation with the parasites, with a substantial increase over 24 hours of culture. Attempt to elucidate whether IL-8 was involved in malaria suppression was done, and the result suggested that IL-8 was not directly involved in the anti-malarial activity of the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells. The other mechanism besides IL-8 may work for inhibiting parasite growth in the culture system of malaria parasites associated with leukocytes.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124001120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A stool examination revealed oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis in a 54-year-old Japanese man who had recently returned from the Phillipines. He suffered from watery diarrhea for about two weeks prior to visiting our hospital. An oral dose of 1, 600 mg sulfamethoxazole and 320 mg trimethoprim was administered daily for nine days, and his diarrhea had disappeared by the fifth day of medication. Most Japanese physicians and laboratory technicians are unfamiliar with this protozoan disease, and need to be reminded of its existence when they encounter patients with diarrhea who have recently returned from a cyclosporiasis endemic area.
{"title":"AN IMPORTED JAPANESE CASE OF CYCLOSPORIASIS","authors":"K. Ohnishi, Y. Kato, M. Iseki","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.357","url":null,"abstract":"A stool examination revealed oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis in a 54-year-old Japanese man who had recently returned from the Phillipines. He suffered from watery diarrhea for about two weeks prior to visiting our hospital. An oral dose of 1, 600 mg sulfamethoxazole and 320 mg trimethoprim was administered daily for nine days, and his diarrhea had disappeared by the fifth day of medication. Most Japanese physicians and laboratory technicians are unfamiliar with this protozoan disease, and need to be reminded of its existence when they encounter patients with diarrhea who have recently returned from a cyclosporiasis endemic area.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125070320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human Heterophyes nocens infection was confirmed in 2 areas of Mikkabi-cho, Shizuoka Prefecture where high prevalence of Metagonimus yokogawai infection had been reported. The total prevalence showed 9.6% by stool examination. Among the patients, the older age's males predominated, and the infection within the same family was often observed. Adult worms were collected from stool samples of the patients after treatment with praziquantel. The worms were identified as H. nocens with morphological characteristics. The average size of eggs (27.8×16.1 μm) appeared in stools of the patients was slightly larger than that reported earlier, and rather equivalent to eggs of M. yokogawai. Questionnaire study revealed a correlation of a habit of eating raw fish, mullet in particular, and the trematode infection in Hamana Lake.
{"title":"AN ENDEMIC HUMAN INFECTION WITH HETEROPHYES NOCENS ONJI ET NISHIO 1916 AT MIKKABI-CHO, SHIZUOKA, JAPAN","authors":"H. Kino, H. Oishi, Y. Ohno, M. Ishiguro","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.301","url":null,"abstract":"Human Heterophyes nocens infection was confirmed in 2 areas of Mikkabi-cho, Shizuoka Prefecture where high prevalence of Metagonimus yokogawai infection had been reported. The total prevalence showed 9.6% by stool examination. Among the patients, the older age's males predominated, and the infection within the same family was often observed. Adult worms were collected from stool samples of the patients after treatment with praziquantel. The worms were identified as H. nocens with morphological characteristics. The average size of eggs (27.8×16.1 μm) appeared in stools of the patients was slightly larger than that reported earlier, and rather equivalent to eggs of M. yokogawai. Questionnaire study revealed a correlation of a habit of eating raw fish, mullet in particular, and the trematode infection in Hamana Lake.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114066080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masashi Kobayashi, E. Malagueño, J. V. Santana, E. P. Perez, A. Yano
We conducted a survey of the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children living in Jaboatao dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil from 1998 to 1999. This city is situated adjacent to Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. We determined the prevalence of specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in 196 individuals from 2 to 16 years of age. Individuals who were IgG antibody negative also underwent specific anti-T. gondii IgM testing to detect recent infection with the parasite. Seroprevalence was 79.1%, and high titers of IgG antibody were observed in 49% of positive subjects. The prevalens of antibodies to T. gondii increased with age, with a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.709; however, there was no significant difference in antibody status by sex. Out of 47 children who did not have specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibody, 4 were determined by specific anti-T. gondii IgM antibody analysis to have been recently infected. Stool was examined for soil-transmitted helminth eggs to assess the frequency of soil contact in the entire study population. Stool examination in the population revealed that soil-transmitted helminthiases was highly endemic, with an infection rate of 85.2%in this area. These results suggest that the primary mode of T. gondii transmission to humans is through contact with soil.
我们对1998 - 1999年巴西伯南布哥省Jaboatao dos Guararapes地区儿童弓形虫感染情况进行了调查。这座城市毗邻伯南布哥州首府累西腓。我们测定了特异性抗t抗体的患病率。在196名2至16岁的个体中检测到弓形虫IgG抗体。IgG抗体阴性的个体也进行了特异性抗t治疗。弓形虫IgM检测，以发现最近的寄生虫感染。血清阳性率为79.1%，阳性人群中IgG抗体高滴度占49%。弓形虫抗体阳性率随年龄增长而增加，多重相关系数(R)为0.709;然而，抗体状态在性别上没有显著差异。在47名没有特异性抗t抗体的儿童中。弓形虫IgG抗体，特异性抗t检测4例。弓形虫IgM抗体分析为近期感染。检查粪便中是否有土壤传播的蠕虫卵，以评估整个研究人群与土壤接触的频率。人群粪便检查显示，该地区土壤传播蠕虫病高度流行，感染率为85.2%。这些结果表明，弓形虫传播给人类的主要方式是通过与土壤接触。
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN CHILDREN IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL","authors":"Masashi Kobayashi, E. Malagueño, J. V. Santana, E. P. Perez, A. Yano","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.305","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a survey of the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children living in Jaboatao dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil from 1998 to 1999. This city is situated adjacent to Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. We determined the prevalence of specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in 196 individuals from 2 to 16 years of age. Individuals who were IgG antibody negative also underwent specific anti-T. gondii IgM testing to detect recent infection with the parasite. Seroprevalence was 79.1%, and high titers of IgG antibody were observed in 49% of positive subjects. The prevalens of antibodies to T. gondii increased with age, with a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.709; however, there was no significant difference in antibody status by sex. Out of 47 children who did not have specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibody, 4 were determined by specific anti-T. gondii IgM antibody analysis to have been recently infected. Stool was examined for soil-transmitted helminth eggs to assess the frequency of soil contact in the entire study population. Stool examination in the population revealed that soil-transmitted helminthiases was highly endemic, with an infection rate of 85.2%in this area. These results suggest that the primary mode of T. gondii transmission to humans is through contact with soil.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125835923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Prajakwong, W. Suwonkerd, S. Chawprom, T. Banchongaksorn, Y. Tsuda, M. Takagi
A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of indoor residual house spraying of Bifenthrin and Deltamethrin on malaria vector population of Anopheles minimus s.l., from April 1999 to April 2001 at rural vil- lages in Mae Hong Son province, northern Thailand. Nine villages in Mae Hong Son province were selected for the present study (three villages for control and three villages each for insecticide spray). The residual spray of Bifen- thrin (25 mg/m 2 ) showed greater adulticiding effects on An. minimus s.l. population than Deltamethrin (20 mg/m 2 ). In Bifenthrin treated villages, a clear decrease in biting density of An. minimus s. l. was found in human bait col- lection as well as animal bait collection after the insecticide spray. In all of the three villages, the average density after insecticide spray was significantly lower than that observed before the spray. The effects of Deltamethrin on An. minimus s. l. density was found only in one village out of the three treated villages. A significant decrease in parous rate after insecticide spray was found in all the villages sprayed with Bifenthrin, whereas no significant changes were observed in control villages. The average parous rate in the villages treated with Deltamethrin be- came significantly higher after the insecticide spray. These results clearly suggested that the residual spray of Bifenthrin (25 mg/m 2 ) was more effective than Deltamethrin (20 mg/m 2 ).
{"title":"A field evaluation study on the effects of residual spray of Bifenthrin and Deltamethrin on Anopheles minimus population in Mae Hong Son Province, northern Thailand.","authors":"S. Prajakwong, W. Suwonkerd, S. Chawprom, T. Banchongaksorn, Y. Tsuda, M. Takagi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.289","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of indoor residual house spraying of Bifenthrin and Deltamethrin on malaria vector population of Anopheles minimus s.l., from April 1999 to April 2001 at rural vil- lages in Mae Hong Son province, northern Thailand. Nine villages in Mae Hong Son province were selected for the present study (three villages for control and three villages each for insecticide spray). The residual spray of Bifen- thrin (25 mg/m 2 ) showed greater adulticiding effects on An. minimus s.l. population than Deltamethrin (20 mg/m 2 ). In Bifenthrin treated villages, a clear decrease in biting density of An. minimus s. l. was found in human bait col- lection as well as animal bait collection after the insecticide spray. In all of the three villages, the average density after insecticide spray was significantly lower than that observed before the spray. The effects of Deltamethrin on An. minimus s. l. density was found only in one village out of the three treated villages. A significant decrease in parous rate after insecticide spray was found in all the villages sprayed with Bifenthrin, whereas no significant changes were observed in control villages. The average parous rate in the villages treated with Deltamethrin be- came significantly higher after the insecticide spray. These results clearly suggested that the residual spray of Bifenthrin (25 mg/m 2 ) was more effective than Deltamethrin (20 mg/m 2 ).","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129291076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeong-Beom Lee, T. Othman, Ji-Seon Lee, F. Quan, J. Choi, Young‐Ki Min, Hun‐Mo Yang, Takaaki Matsumoto, M. Kosaka
Tropical subjects regulate core temperature with less amount of sweat against heat compared to temperate subjects through long-term heat-acclimatization. The purpose of the study is to determine whether acclimatization in tropical subjects decay during a stay in temperate area. Local sweating response activated by acetylcholine (ACh) applied iontophoretically among Malaysians (n=26) with varying duration of stay in Japan and Japanese residents subjects (J-R n=30). Based on their length of stay, Malaysian subjects were divided into three groups, group M-S (n=9) with a duration of stay oflto 12 months, M-M (n=7) with 13 to 36 months and M-L (n=10) with 37 to 72 months. ACh, the primary transmitter for sudomotor innervation, was iontophoretically administered on the forearm. Sweating response elicited directly (DIR) and indirectly via axon reflex (AXR) were evaluated by quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test. The onset-time of AXR was shortened with the longer duration of stay among Malaysian subjects (P <0.01). DIR, sweat volume directly (ACh muscarinic receptors) induced by ACh for 6-11 min, was 0.68±0.35 mg/cm2, 1.02±0.64 mg/cm2, 1.45±0.71 mg/cm2 and 2.39±0.47 mg/cm2 in M-S, M-M, M-L and J-R, respectively. These were statistically different (P <0.01). From these results, suppressed neuroglandular response to ACh was confirmed in Malaysians. It is suggested that long-term heat-acclimatization acquired in tropical subjects may decay after immigration to temperate area.
{"title":"Sudomotor modifications by acclimatization of stay in temperate Japan of Malaysian native tropical subjects","authors":"Jeong-Beom Lee, T. Othman, Ji-Seon Lee, F. Quan, J. Choi, Young‐Ki Min, Hun‐Mo Yang, Takaaki Matsumoto, M. Kosaka","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.295","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical subjects regulate core temperature with less amount of sweat against heat compared to temperate subjects through long-term heat-acclimatization. The purpose of the study is to determine whether acclimatization in tropical subjects decay during a stay in temperate area. Local sweating response activated by acetylcholine (ACh) applied iontophoretically among Malaysians (n=26) with varying duration of stay in Japan and Japanese residents subjects (J-R n=30). Based on their length of stay, Malaysian subjects were divided into three groups, group M-S (n=9) with a duration of stay oflto 12 months, M-M (n=7) with 13 to 36 months and M-L (n=10) with 37 to 72 months. ACh, the primary transmitter for sudomotor innervation, was iontophoretically administered on the forearm. Sweating response elicited directly (DIR) and indirectly via axon reflex (AXR) were evaluated by quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test. The onset-time of AXR was shortened with the longer duration of stay among Malaysian subjects (P <0.01). DIR, sweat volume directly (ACh muscarinic receptors) induced by ACh for 6-11 min, was 0.68±0.35 mg/cm2, 1.02±0.64 mg/cm2, 1.45±0.71 mg/cm2 and 2.39±0.47 mg/cm2 in M-S, M-M, M-L and J-R, respectively. These were statistically different (P <0.01). From these results, suppressed neuroglandular response to ACh was confirmed in Malaysians. It is suggested that long-term heat-acclimatization acquired in tropical subjects may decay after immigration to temperate area.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117343873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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