Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254893
S. Ward
Early detection of incipient faults in transformers reduces costly unplanned outages. The most sensitive and reliable technique for evaluating the health of transformer is dissolved gas analysis (DGA). This paper uses dissolved gas analysis to study the history of different transformers in service, from which dissolved combustible gases (DCG) in oil are used as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the condition of the transformer. Oil quality and dissolved gasses tests are comparatively used for this purpose. The effect of transformer aging on dissolved combustible gasses is also examined. It is noted that the oil quality tests for transformer oil are inconclusive and that the DGA test is then necessary for complete evaluation of transformer condition.
{"title":"Evaluating transformer condition using DGA oil analysis","authors":"S. Ward","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254893","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of incipient faults in transformers reduces costly unplanned outages. The most sensitive and reliable technique for evaluating the health of transformer is dissolved gas analysis (DGA). This paper uses dissolved gas analysis to study the history of different transformers in service, from which dissolved combustible gases (DCG) in oil are used as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the condition of the transformer. Oil quality and dissolved gasses tests are comparatively used for this purpose. The effect of transformer aging on dissolved combustible gasses is also examined. It is noted that the oil quality tests for transformer oil are inconclusive and that the DGA test is then necessary for complete evaluation of transformer condition.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122968401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254783
L. Cheran, P. Lam, Z. Zheng, S. Boggs, M. Thompson
The scanning Kelvin microprobe is a powerful technique to characterize subtle changes in surface microstructure and local chemical properties through the simultaneously imaging of the topography and potential distribution across a surface at the sub-micron level. The study of dielectric materials using the Kelvin method opens a new area of applications for a technique traditionally reserved specifically for metals and, more recently, for semiconductor materials. We present here the capabilities of this new instrument, the characterization of dielectric samples and the related challenges, as well as Finite Element Analysis models of this particular type of insulating surfaces.
{"title":"Characterization of dielectric materials using a high-resolution scanning Kelvin-microprobe","authors":"L. Cheran, P. Lam, Z. Zheng, S. Boggs, M. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254783","url":null,"abstract":"The scanning Kelvin microprobe is a powerful technique to characterize subtle changes in surface microstructure and local chemical properties through the simultaneously imaging of the topography and potential distribution across a surface at the sub-micron level. The study of dielectric materials using the Kelvin method opens a new area of applications for a technique traditionally reserved specifically for metals and, more recently, for semiconductor materials. We present here the capabilities of this new instrument, the characterization of dielectric samples and the related challenges, as well as Finite Element Analysis models of this particular type of insulating surfaces.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"1 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134175272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254825
M. Wakamatsu, K. Kato, H. Koide, H. Okubo
Electrostatic charging may occur in oil immersed power transformers because of a flow electrification phenomenon. In this paper, we directly measured the time variation of electric field strength in the flowing charged oil using an electro-optic Kerr effect to clarify the charge behavior in the flowing oil/pressboard (PB) composite system. We discussed the measurement results from the viewpoint of charge behavior. Finally we found that the charging process is dependent on the three different electric fields, i.e. applied field, space charge field and counter field by accumulated charges, and is finalized by the balance of these fields.
{"title":"Charge behavior in flowing charged oil/pressboard composite insulation system based on electric field measurement","authors":"M. Wakamatsu, K. Kato, H. Koide, H. Okubo","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254825","url":null,"abstract":"Electrostatic charging may occur in oil immersed power transformers because of a flow electrification phenomenon. In this paper, we directly measured the time variation of electric field strength in the flowing charged oil using an electro-optic Kerr effect to clarify the charge behavior in the flowing oil/pressboard (PB) composite system. We discussed the measurement results from the viewpoint of charge behavior. Finally we found that the charging process is dependent on the three different electric fields, i.e. applied field, space charge field and counter field by accumulated charges, and is finalized by the balance of these fields.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131785657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254925
L. Dong, Z. Wu, J.X. Yang, X. Chi
Plasma remediation is being investigated for the removal of sulfur dioxide from automotive exhausts and gases generated by combustion of fossil fuels. Modeling is playing an increasing vital role in process optimization and understanding of governing physical and chemical process. In this paper, a chemical kinetics model is developed to analyze the time evolution of the different main species involved in the flue gas initially stressed by a single pulse corona discharge at the atmospheric pressure and 300K. The typical gas composition in this model is N/sub 2//O/sub 2//H/sub 2/O/CO/sub 2/=74/5/6/15 with 500 ppm NO and 1000 ppm SO/sub 2/. The calculations indicate that sulfur dioxide is removed principally by reactions with OH radicals to produce sulfuric acid. The removal rate of SO/sub 2/ increased with increasing water vapor and oxygen content in the flue gas indicating that OH radical is important for SO/sub 2/ removal.
{"title":"Chemical kinetics model for sulfur dioxide removal in flue gas using corona discharge","authors":"L. Dong, Z. Wu, J.X. Yang, X. Chi","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254925","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma remediation is being investigated for the removal of sulfur dioxide from automotive exhausts and gases generated by combustion of fossil fuels. Modeling is playing an increasing vital role in process optimization and understanding of governing physical and chemical process. In this paper, a chemical kinetics model is developed to analyze the time evolution of the different main species involved in the flue gas initially stressed by a single pulse corona discharge at the atmospheric pressure and 300K. The typical gas composition in this model is N/sub 2//O/sub 2//H/sub 2/O/CO/sub 2/=74/5/6/15 with 500 ppm NO and 1000 ppm SO/sub 2/. The calculations indicate that sulfur dioxide is removed principally by reactions with OH radicals to produce sulfuric acid. The removal rate of SO/sub 2/ increased with increasing water vapor and oxygen content in the flue gas indicating that OH radical is important for SO/sub 2/ removal.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115679758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254806
Mohamed A. Morsy, M. Shwehdi, A. M. Abu-Gurain
The electron spin resonance (ESR) study, as one of the best spectroscopic tools for direct spectral studies and analysis in material science, will be carried out to characterize and simulate the thermal stress and heat-generated on insulation materials from practical loading of cable. The results will be used to evaluate the quality and main properties of raw and manufactured insulation materials. The presented work provides the first ESR investigation and evaluation of widely used power cable insulation materials, namely PVC, and XLPE. The analysis will include locally manufactured and imported raw plastic materials used by some Saudi power cable factories. Additives, like colorant and/or stabilizer, are used to standard shades lines of cables for ready identification and to enhance their quality. It is also intended in this study to identify the effect of these additives on maintaining the insulation properties of the studied samples. The results of PVC or XLPE polymeric insulation materials can be extended from life tests to the application of these materials for higher quality and improvement cable materials.
{"title":"Novel exploration of cable insulation materials using electron spin resonance spectroscopy","authors":"Mohamed A. Morsy, M. Shwehdi, A. M. Abu-Gurain","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254806","url":null,"abstract":"The electron spin resonance (ESR) study, as one of the best spectroscopic tools for direct spectral studies and analysis in material science, will be carried out to characterize and simulate the thermal stress and heat-generated on insulation materials from practical loading of cable. The results will be used to evaluate the quality and main properties of raw and manufactured insulation materials. The presented work provides the first ESR investigation and evaluation of widely used power cable insulation materials, namely PVC, and XLPE. The analysis will include locally manufactured and imported raw plastic materials used by some Saudi power cable factories. Additives, like colorant and/or stabilizer, are used to standard shades lines of cables for ready identification and to enhance their quality. It is also intended in this study to identify the effect of these additives on maintaining the insulation properties of the studied samples. The results of PVC or XLPE polymeric insulation materials can be extended from life tests to the application of these materials for higher quality and improvement cable materials.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115489043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254821
E. Ildstad
The purpose of this paper is to present results from a laboratory examination of the sensitivity of time-and frequency domain dielectric response measurements regarding detection of water in mass impregnated lead covered distribution (PILC) cables. The results show that increase of dc conductivity is a sensitive indication of high local content of water.
{"title":"Dielectric response for condition assessment of PILC distribution cables","authors":"E. Ildstad","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254821","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present results from a laboratory examination of the sensitivity of time-and frequency domain dielectric response measurements regarding detection of water in mass impregnated lead covered distribution (PILC) cables. The results show that increase of dc conductivity is a sensitive indication of high local content of water.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123528051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254875
W. Shi, Z. Guan, L.M. Wang, J. Zhou
In recent years, large-scale development of China's western region has been vigorously promoted. As part of the development, several very high voltage transmission lines have been or are planning to be built in China's western region with a high altitude. The contamination flashover of insulators depends not only on the severity and type of contamination, but also on the altitude at which these insulators are situated. Reduced pressure or air density combined with light contamination at high altitudes decrease the flashover voltage. This paper analyzes the affects of low air pressure on the insulation characters of the transmission lines theoretically and experimentally, and a suggestion is given for the selection of outdoor insulator that will be used in the 110 kV AC power transmission line along Qinghai-Tibet railway.
{"title":"A study on the selection of outdoor insulators used in high altitude areas","authors":"W. Shi, Z. Guan, L.M. Wang, J. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254875","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, large-scale development of China's western region has been vigorously promoted. As part of the development, several very high voltage transmission lines have been or are planning to be built in China's western region with a high altitude. The contamination flashover of insulators depends not only on the severity and type of contamination, but also on the altitude at which these insulators are situated. Reduced pressure or air density combined with light contamination at high altitudes decrease the flashover voltage. This paper analyzes the affects of low air pressure on the insulation characters of the transmission lines theoretically and experimentally, and a suggestion is given for the selection of outdoor insulator that will be used in the 110 kV AC power transmission line along Qinghai-Tibet railway.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"1154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124187165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254807
J. Y. Zhou, Steven A. Boggs
The nonlinear dielectric properties of a three component system consisting of nonlinear resistive, linear resistive, and nonconducting cubes of equal size is studied to determine the range of nonlinear grading properties which can be achieved. The system is modeled on a statistical basis, with confirmation through Monte Carlo simulations. The objective is to gain insight into the range of field grading properties which should be possible as a function of the characteristics of the nonlinear component and the ratio of the three components.
{"title":"Dielectric properties of three component mixtures of nonlinear, resistive, and non-conducting grains","authors":"J. Y. Zhou, Steven A. Boggs","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254807","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear dielectric properties of a three component system consisting of nonlinear resistive, linear resistive, and nonconducting cubes of equal size is studied to determine the range of nonlinear grading properties which can be achieved. The system is modeled on a statistical basis, with confirmation through Monte Carlo simulations. The objective is to gain insight into the range of field grading properties which should be possible as a function of the characteristics of the nonlinear component and the ratio of the three components.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128612579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254900
Shintaro Kawaguchi, Kazuyuki Tohyamal, M. Nagao, T. Tokoro, M. Kosaki
Non-polar polymers, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and so on, are widely used as insulators for power cable and capacitor. In ac high field region, it is known that various time dependent mechanisms, such as carrier injection from electrodes and space charge formation, are getting dominant. Here, the dissipation current waveform shape begins to show a nonlinear property. To study the conduction mechanism, especially about the space charge effect under ac high field, by using low density polyethylene (LDPE) film, frequency dependence of high field dissipation current waveform observations at room temperature are carried out in the frequency range from 50 to 200 Hz under certain fixed ac high field. These results shows nonlinearity depend on not only applied ac field but also frequency. These results indicate that the momentary time differential of applied ac field dE(t)/dt will be also the one important factor on considering the ac high field condition mechanisms. From the results of these experiments, it is found the two kinds of onset values for showing nonlinear properties. These are the momentary time differential of applied ac field dE(t)/dt and the current density. The values are around 12 kV/(mm - ms) and around 8-10 nA/mm/sup 2/, respectively. When they exceed these values, then, the dissipation current waveform deviates from the sinusoidal characteristic and starts to show nonlinear properties.
{"title":"Frequency dependence of high field dissipation current waveform of LDPE film","authors":"Shintaro Kawaguchi, Kazuyuki Tohyamal, M. Nagao, T. Tokoro, M. Kosaki","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254900","url":null,"abstract":"Non-polar polymers, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and so on, are widely used as insulators for power cable and capacitor. In ac high field region, it is known that various time dependent mechanisms, such as carrier injection from electrodes and space charge formation, are getting dominant. Here, the dissipation current waveform shape begins to show a nonlinear property. To study the conduction mechanism, especially about the space charge effect under ac high field, by using low density polyethylene (LDPE) film, frequency dependence of high field dissipation current waveform observations at room temperature are carried out in the frequency range from 50 to 200 Hz under certain fixed ac high field. These results shows nonlinearity depend on not only applied ac field but also frequency. These results indicate that the momentary time differential of applied ac field dE(t)/dt will be also the one important factor on considering the ac high field condition mechanisms. From the results of these experiments, it is found the two kinds of onset values for showing nonlinear properties. These are the momentary time differential of applied ac field dE(t)/dt and the current density. The values are around 12 kV/(mm - ms) and around 8-10 nA/mm/sup 2/, respectively. When they exceed these values, then, the dissipation current waveform deviates from the sinusoidal characteristic and starts to show nonlinear properties.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128289931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-19DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254952
P. A. Vázquez, E. C. Vera, A. Castellanos, T. C. Rebollo
A numerical technique mixing finite element and particle methods is used to study numerically EHD two-dimensional plumes. The results of three calculations for different injection strengths are shown. A brief discussion of these results follows.
{"title":"Numerical calculations of two-dimensional EHD plumes with finite element and particle methods","authors":"P. A. Vázquez, E. C. Vera, A. Castellanos, T. C. Rebollo","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2003.1254952","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical technique mixing finite element and particle methods is used to study numerically EHD two-dimensional plumes. The results of three calculations for different injection strengths are shown. A brief discussion of these results follows.","PeriodicalId":306575,"journal":{"name":"2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124989259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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