{"title":"The Red Army in the Second World War by Alexander Hill (review)","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.1353/REG.2019.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2019.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133795372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex, Love, and Migration: Postsocialism, Modernity, and Intimacy from Istanbul to the Arctic by Alexia Bloch (review)","authors":"A. Novitskaya","doi":"10.1353/REG.2019.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2019.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133983693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The paper investigates the implementation of two new norms in post-Soviet labor law: the right to strike and the prohibition of discrimination. The paper consists of three parts: the first presents general reflections about Russian legal culture as it is the key to understanding the background of labor law developments; the second is dedicated to an analysis of the right to strike in Russia as a prerequisite of the right to collective bargaining and as an indicator of the efficiency of the social dialogue system; and the final section explores the implementation of the prohibition of discrimination in Russia.
{"title":"The Development of Russian Labor Law","authors":"E. Sychenko","doi":"10.1353/REG.2019.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2019.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The paper investigates the implementation of two new norms in post-Soviet labor law: the right to strike and the prohibition of discrimination. The paper consists of three parts: the first presents general reflections about Russian legal culture as it is the key to understanding the background of labor law developments; the second is dedicated to an analysis of the right to strike in Russia as a prerequisite of the right to collective bargaining and as an indicator of the efficiency of the social dialogue system; and the final section explores the implementation of the prohibition of discrimination in Russia.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123648822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Soviet Journey: A Critical Annotated Edition by Alex La Guma (review)","authors":"M. A. Houser","doi":"10.1353/REG.2019.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2019.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114570152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Myagkov, V. V. Kashpur, A. Baryshev, V. Goiko, E. Shchekotin
Abstract:The conservative shift taken by Russian authorities forced members of the Russian extreme right to seek shelter online. Nevertheless, they fell under censorship restrictions. The objective of this study is to reveal the distinguishing features of extreme right online groups and their participants' activity under conditions of censorship. The groups studied were identified by means of linguistic markers of extreme right sentiments and attitudes. The metrics of social network analysis were used to analyze interconnections between the groups and the internal migrations of closed communities. The study revealed that (1) extreme right online communities use the tactic of creating mirror Internet sites in case the main group is blocked; (2) blocking of the most extreme oppositional extreme right online groups induces the remaining ones to imitate obedience to law, using "softer forms" of extremist rhetoric; (3) the audience of the blocked groups continues spreading extremist ideas through channels related to other subjects. The study's authors conclude that prohibiting extreme right discourse promotes the proliferation of extreme right ideas and sentiments.
{"title":"Distinguishing Features of the Activity of Extreme Right Groups under Conditions of State Counteraction to Online Extremism in Russia","authors":"M. Myagkov, V. V. Kashpur, A. Baryshev, V. Goiko, E. Shchekotin","doi":"10.1353/REG.2019.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2019.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The conservative shift taken by Russian authorities forced members of the Russian extreme right to seek shelter online. Nevertheless, they fell under censorship restrictions. The objective of this study is to reveal the distinguishing features of extreme right online groups and their participants' activity under conditions of censorship. The groups studied were identified by means of linguistic markers of extreme right sentiments and attitudes. The metrics of social network analysis were used to analyze interconnections between the groups and the internal migrations of closed communities. The study revealed that (1) extreme right online communities use the tactic of creating mirror Internet sites in case the main group is blocked; (2) blocking of the most extreme oppositional extreme right online groups induces the remaining ones to imitate obedience to law, using \"softer forms\" of extremist rhetoric; (3) the audience of the blocked groups continues spreading extremist ideas through channels related to other subjects. The study's authors conclude that prohibiting extreme right discourse promotes the proliferation of extreme right ideas and sentiments.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127984562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Latvian–Far Eastern cross-cultural relations in the early modern period and late modern period were determined by the changing socioeconomic, political, and religious situation of the Baltics. This was related to the particular European (and Western) understanding of Asia, the strong link between Russia and the Far East, and the specific and heterogeneous situation of Latvian society. In this context, Korea works as a kind of litmus test and even mirror of the Latvian world outlook.
{"title":"Korea in the Framework of Latvian–Far Eastern Cross-Cultural Relations in the 19th–20th Centuries","authors":"Kaspars Kļaviņš","doi":"10.1353/REG.2019.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2019.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Latvian–Far Eastern cross-cultural relations in the early modern period and late modern period were determined by the changing socioeconomic, political, and religious situation of the Baltics. This was related to the particular European (and Western) understanding of Asia, the strong link between Russia and the Far East, and the specific and heterogeneous situation of Latvian society. In this context, Korea works as a kind of litmus test and even mirror of the Latvian world outlook.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121129433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The road to integration of Bulgaria with the European Union has been generally successful if accession to the EU is considered the end goal. But if we broaden our analytical lens, it is clear that the road has been uneven. The achieved objective of accession has been followed by ten years of unevenly paced reform and backsliding. This article aims to explore the possible explanations for this unsatisfactory development from the perspective of informality.The case study is structured in three thematic parts. Firstly, political and social developments in Bulgaria in the postcommunist decades are discussed from an empirical point of view, with particular focus on corruption, electoral participation, citizen trust, and rule of law. Secondly, an attempt is made to examine communist power networks in search of an explanation for the trends of state capture observed today. A key contribution of the article is the conclusion that informal relationships and clientelism are not merely a byproduct of the functioning of the communist system but its very essence.Thirdly, on that basis, conclusions are drawn regarding the possibility for the democratic transformation of Bulgaria and other countries with a similar background. The author's findings are that such a transformation is only possible through a fundamental change in the mode of public governance—from a weak captured state and informality of power structures to public policies through partnership.
{"title":"Prospects for a Democratic Transformation of Postcommunist Society: The Case of Bulgaria","authors":"Linka Toneva-Metodieva","doi":"10.1353/REG.2018.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2018.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The road to integration of Bulgaria with the European Union has been generally successful if accession to the EU is considered the end goal. But if we broaden our analytical lens, it is clear that the road has been uneven. The achieved objective of accession has been followed by ten years of unevenly paced reform and backsliding. This article aims to explore the possible explanations for this unsatisfactory development from the perspective of informality.The case study is structured in three thematic parts. Firstly, political and social developments in Bulgaria in the postcommunist decades are discussed from an empirical point of view, with particular focus on corruption, electoral participation, citizen trust, and rule of law. Secondly, an attempt is made to examine communist power networks in search of an explanation for the trends of state capture observed today. A key contribution of the article is the conclusion that informal relationships and clientelism are not merely a byproduct of the functioning of the communist system but its very essence.Thirdly, on that basis, conclusions are drawn regarding the possibility for the democratic transformation of Bulgaria and other countries with a similar background. The author's findings are that such a transformation is only possible through a fundamental change in the mode of public governance—from a weak captured state and informality of power structures to public policies through partnership.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121923485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Informal practices and institutions such as corruption, clientelism, and favoritism present major challenges for the development of the education system of transition countries like Albania. Corruption cases in secondary and tertiary education institutions have been widely reported by the media and have exerted a toll on the reputation of the education system. Bribery and favoritism in student assessment are prevalent phenomena, followed by clientelistic practices that have emerged and developed within the frame of paternal linkages, informal practices that are deeply rooted in the socialist past. The study explores various forms and causes of corruptive relations between teaching staff and students during socialism and the transition.
{"title":"Corruption in Education during Socialism and the Postsocialist Transition: The Case of Albania","authors":"E. Zhllima, D. Imami, K. Rama, Arjan Shahini","doi":"10.1353/REG.2018.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2018.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Informal practices and institutions such as corruption, clientelism, and favoritism present major challenges for the development of the education system of transition countries like Albania. Corruption cases in secondary and tertiary education institutions have been widely reported by the media and have exerted a toll on the reputation of the education system. Bribery and favoritism in student assessment are prevalent phenomena, followed by clientelistic practices that have emerged and developed within the frame of paternal linkages, informal practices that are deeply rooted in the socialist past. The study explores various forms and causes of corruptive relations between teaching staff and students during socialism and the transition.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122121796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geographers are accustomed to having to explain what they do. This often involves dispelling notions that we all make maps or received our degrees after memorizing the capitals of the 50 states. In fact, geographers such as Alexander B. Murphy and the late Harm de Blij have written works making the case for why geography matters.1 Key elements of their respective arguments for the discipline’s relevance share quite a bit with those advanced for area studies in Edith W. Clowes and Shelly Jarrett Bromberg’s Area Studies in the Global Age. For example, both area studies and geography are deeply concerned with “truth on the ground” and therefore focus on the changing physical and social composition of the world. Each must consider interrelations between environmental change and demographic, social, political, and economic change. Moreover, both fields employ the notion of liminality. Both geography and area studies of varied disciplinary perspectives consider how the structures, ideologies, and identities of the past remain visible and influential within societies, economies, polities, and environments today. Perhaps one of the foremost criticisms leveled at geography during the 20th century is echoed in critiques of area studies today. Both have been accused of failing to engage across disciplines, conversing only within specific regional specializations, and of being unfocused, descriptive, and lacking an interpretive framework (xiii). A strong case against this critique may be found within Area Studies in the Global Age. Composed by literary critics, geographers, international relations experts, and cultural, social, and art historians, the chapters of this volume evocatively speak to the multiplicity and simultaneity of the past and present, of the traditional and the modern, as well as the “global,” “regional,” and “local.” Contributors undertake this task with deep knowledge of the historical, linguistic, and sociopolitical/cultural contexts of which they write. These include chapters about places, processes, and people within Africa, Central, East, and North Asia, Eastern and East-Central Europe, and Latin America. The book usefully elucidates the challenges of juxtaposing varied epistemological approaches and methods. This is carried out in the introduction and in four section-introductions that should prove particularly valuable to graduate students considering which approaches to employ in their studies. The
地理学家习惯于解释他们所做的事情。这通常涉及消除我们都是在记住50个州的首府后才绘制地图或获得学位的观念。事实上，像Alexander B. Murphy和已故的Harm de Blij这样的地理学家已经写了很多作品来说明为什么地理很重要他们各自关于该学科相关性的论点的关键要素与伊迪丝·w·克劳斯和谢利·贾勒特·布隆伯格在《全球时代的区域研究》中对区域研究的先进观点有很大的相似之处。例如，区域研究和地理学都深深关注“地面上的真相”，因此关注世界不断变化的物质和社会组成。每一个都必须考虑环境变化与人口、社会、政治和经济变化之间的相互关系。此外，这两个领域都采用了阈限的概念。不同学科视角的地理学和区域研究都考虑了过去的结构、意识形态和身份如何在今天的社会、经济、政治和环境中保持可见和影响。也许20世纪对地理学最重要的批评之一在今天对区域研究的批评中得到了回应。两者都被指责未能跨学科参与，只在特定的区域专业范围内进行对话，并且缺乏重点，描述性和缺乏解释性框架(xiii)。在全球时代的区域研究中可以找到反对这种批评的有力案例。由文学评论家、地理学家、国际关系专家、文化、社会和艺术史学家组成，本卷的章节令人回味地讲述了过去和现在、传统和现代、以及“全球”、“区域”和“地方”的多样性和同时性。撰稿人在完成这项任务时，必须对他们所写的历史、语言和社会政治/文化背景有深入的了解。其中包括关于非洲、中亚、东亚和北亚、东欧和中东欧以及拉丁美洲的地点、过程和人员的章节。这本书有用地阐明了并列不同的认识论方法和方法的挑战。这是在引言和四个部分的介绍中进行的，对于考虑在研究中采用哪种方法的研究生来说，引言应该特别有价值。的
{"title":"Area Studies in the Global Age: Community, Place, Identity eds. by Edith W. Clowes and Shelly Jarrett Bromberg (review)","authors":"Alexander C. Diener","doi":"10.1353/REG.2018.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2018.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Geographers are accustomed to having to explain what they do. This often involves dispelling notions that we all make maps or received our degrees after memorizing the capitals of the 50 states. In fact, geographers such as Alexander B. Murphy and the late Harm de Blij have written works making the case for why geography matters.1 Key elements of their respective arguments for the discipline’s relevance share quite a bit with those advanced for area studies in Edith W. Clowes and Shelly Jarrett Bromberg’s Area Studies in the Global Age. For example, both area studies and geography are deeply concerned with “truth on the ground” and therefore focus on the changing physical and social composition of the world. Each must consider interrelations between environmental change and demographic, social, political, and economic change. Moreover, both fields employ the notion of liminality. Both geography and area studies of varied disciplinary perspectives consider how the structures, ideologies, and identities of the past remain visible and influential within societies, economies, polities, and environments today. Perhaps one of the foremost criticisms leveled at geography during the 20th century is echoed in critiques of area studies today. Both have been accused of failing to engage across disciplines, conversing only within specific regional specializations, and of being unfocused, descriptive, and lacking an interpretive framework (xiii). A strong case against this critique may be found within Area Studies in the Global Age. Composed by literary critics, geographers, international relations experts, and cultural, social, and art historians, the chapters of this volume evocatively speak to the multiplicity and simultaneity of the past and present, of the traditional and the modern, as well as the “global,” “regional,” and “local.” Contributors undertake this task with deep knowledge of the historical, linguistic, and sociopolitical/cultural contexts of which they write. These include chapters about places, processes, and people within Africa, Central, East, and North Asia, Eastern and East-Central Europe, and Latin America. The book usefully elucidates the challenges of juxtaposing varied epistemological approaches and methods. This is carried out in the introduction and in four section-introductions that should prove particularly valuable to graduate students considering which approaches to employ in their studies. The","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114942308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Previous studies of the effects of EU political conditionality on democratic consolidation in the candidate countries have been predominantly centered on the formal aspects of institutional compliance. But what happens when EU demands are met by EU brokered decisions in an informal, extra institutional setting? International actors, predominantly the USA and the EU, have played an essential political role in the democratization of the Republic of Macedonia ever since its independence. In times of political crises, the role of the international actors is further accentuated by the inability of domestic political parties to find a solution to specific political dead ends that seem to occur regularly in Macedonian politics. The paper analyzes the effects of EU engagement in stimulating, instigating, and managing extra-institutional political formats of decision making on democratization and institutionalization in Macedonia. The analysis focuses on the leadership meetings during political crises that have resulted in such package deals as the Ohrid Framework Agreement, the Law on Territorial Organization, and the May Agreement, with a predominant accent on the 2014 political crisis in Macedonia and its ongoing resolution. The paper argues that while such informal practices of conflict resolution might be effective in the short run, they could negatively impact the long-term prospects of institutionalization.
{"title":"The EU's Democracy Promotion Meets Informal Politics: The Case of Leaders' Meetings in the Republic of Macedonia","authors":"Nenad Markovikj, Ivan Damjanovski","doi":"10.1353/REG.2018.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/REG.2018.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Previous studies of the effects of EU political conditionality on democratic consolidation in the candidate countries have been predominantly centered on the formal aspects of institutional compliance. But what happens when EU demands are met by EU brokered decisions in an informal, extra institutional setting? International actors, predominantly the USA and the EU, have played an essential political role in the democratization of the Republic of Macedonia ever since its independence. In times of political crises, the role of the international actors is further accentuated by the inability of domestic political parties to find a solution to specific political dead ends that seem to occur regularly in Macedonian politics. The paper analyzes the effects of EU engagement in stimulating, instigating, and managing extra-institutional political formats of decision making on democratization and institutionalization in Macedonia. The analysis focuses on the leadership meetings during political crises that have resulted in such package deals as the Ohrid Framework Agreement, the Law on Territorial Organization, and the May Agreement, with a predominant accent on the 2014 political crisis in Macedonia and its ongoing resolution. The paper argues that while such informal practices of conflict resolution might be effective in the short run, they could negatively impact the long-term prospects of institutionalization.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132439329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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