Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109076
Stephanie C. Hammel, Vivi Schlünssen, David Hope, Mike Dereviankin, Courtney D. Sandau, Karin Sørig Hougaard, Harald W. Meyer, Pete Kines, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Marie Frederiksen
Several buildings in a Danish social housing estate exceeded indoor air guidance values for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), leading to their demolition. Here, we conducted a biomonitoring study among the workers on-site (n = 24) to evaluate their exposure to all 209 PCBs across the two-year demolition. We compared their PCB serum concentrations and accumulation to those of demolition workers at other worksites (n = 21) and office workers (n = 17). Demolition workers were provided with personal protective equipment according to risk assessments for PCB-related work. Serum PCBs were measured from baseline and up to two annual follow-up visits using gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forty-six peaks representing 58 PCBs were detected in > 60 % of serum samples; eight congeners were found in every sample. PCB-153 was the most abundant congener (median = 22.1 ng/g lipid). After adjusting for age and smoking status, demolition workers after one year on the contaminated site experienced more than a four-fold increase in all lower chlorinated PCBs compared to office workers at baseline, with increases most prominent for tri- and tetra-CBs (10β = 6.2 and 9.2, p < 0.01). Nine PCBs were significantly elevated from baseline to year 1 in only contaminated-site demolition workers, with the largest increase observed for PCB-66/80. For higher chlorinated PCBs, levels remained consistent or decreased slightly over the three samples from these workers. Those who worked in active demolition for at least 4 years at baseline experienced a 40 % increase (95 % CI: 10 %, 90 %) in the WHO-12 PCB sum. Age significantly predicted increases in PCBs, which tracked closely with logKow values. Our study showed that despite safety measures, demolition workers who worked on a PCB-contaminated site experienced increased and accumulating internal exposure to lower chlorinated PCBs compared to general demolition and office workers. Consequently, workers’ safety should be carefully considered to reduce exposures among this high risk group.
{"title":"Lower chlorinated PCBs accumulate in demolition workers while working on a contaminated worksite","authors":"Stephanie C. Hammel, Vivi Schlünssen, David Hope, Mike Dereviankin, Courtney D. Sandau, Karin Sørig Hougaard, Harald W. Meyer, Pete Kines, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Marie Frederiksen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109076","url":null,"abstract":"Several buildings in a Danish social housing estate exceeded indoor air guidance values for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), leading to their demolition. Here, we conducted a biomonitoring study among the workers on-site (n = 24) to evaluate their exposure to all 209 PCBs across the two-year demolition. We compared their PCB serum concentrations and accumulation to those of demolition workers at other worksites (n = 21) and office workers (n = 17). Demolition workers were provided with personal protective equipment according to risk assessments for PCB-related work. Serum PCBs were measured from baseline and up to two annual follow-up visits using gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forty-six peaks representing 58 PCBs were detected in > 60 % of serum samples; eight congeners were found in every sample. PCB-153 was the most abundant congener (median = 22.1 ng/g lipid). After adjusting for age and smoking status, demolition workers after one year on the contaminated site experienced more than a four-fold increase in all lower chlorinated PCBs compared to office workers at baseline, with increases most prominent for tri- and tetra-CBs (10<sup>β</sup> = 6.2 and 9.2, p < 0.01). Nine PCBs were significantly elevated from baseline to year 1 in only contaminated-site demolition workers, with the largest increase observed for PCB-66/80. For higher chlorinated PCBs, levels remained consistent or decreased slightly over the three samples from these workers. Those who worked in active demolition for at least 4 years at baseline experienced a 40 % increase (95 % CI: 10 %, 90 %) in the WHO-12 PCB sum. Age significantly predicted increases in PCBs, which tracked closely with logK<sub>ow</sub> values. Our study showed that despite safety measures, demolition workers who worked on a PCB-contaminated site experienced increased and accumulating internal exposure to lower chlorinated PCBs compared to general demolition and office workers. Consequently, workers’ safety should be carefully considered to reduce exposures among this high risk group.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142609827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109128
Hiroki Andoa, Kelly A. Reynolds
Estimating effective reproduction number (Re) and predicting disease incidences are essential to formulate effective strategies for disease control. Although recent studies developed models for inferring Re from wastewater-based data, they require information on shedding dynamics. Here, we proposed a framework of Re estimation and prediction without shedding information. The framework consists of a space-state model for smoothing wastewater-based data and a renewal equation modified for wastewater-based data. The applicability of the framework was tested with simulated data and real-world data on Influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 concentration in 2022/2023 season in the USA. We confirmed the state-space model effectively fits various simulated epidemic curves and accurately fits real-world data. In simulations, we found wastewater-based Re (Reww) closely aligns with instantaneous clinical Re when shedding dynamics are rapid. For more prolonged shedding, Reww approximates a smoothed Re over time. We also observed the necessary sampling frequency to trace dynamics of wastewater concentration and Reww accurately in the framework varies depending on the precision of detection methods, the epidemic status, the transmissibility of infectious diseases, and shedding dynamics. By applying our framework to real-world data, we found Reww for SARS-CoV-2 showed similar trend and values to clinically-based Re. Reww for IAV ranged from 0.66 to 1.52 with a clear peak in the winter season, which agrees with previously reported Re. We also succeeded in predicting wastewater concentration in a few weeks from available wastewater-based data. These results indicate that our framework potentially enables real-time approximations of Re and prediction of infectious disease dynamics through wastewater surveillance, which limits the delay between infection and reporting. Our framework is useful especially for regions where reliable clinical surveillance is not available and notifiable surveillance is abolished, and can be expanded to multiple infectious diseases that have been detected from wastewater without shedding information.
估算有效繁殖数（Re）和预测疾病发病率对于制定有效的疾病控制策略至关重要。尽管最近的研究开发了从废水数据中推断 Re 的模型，但它们需要脱落动态信息。在此，我们提出了一个无需脱落信息的 Re 估计和预测框架。该框架由用于平滑废水数据的空间状态模型和针对废水数据修改的更新方程组成。该框架的适用性通过模拟数据和美国 2022/2023 年甲型流感病毒（IAV）和 SARS-CoV-2 浓度的实际数据进行了测试。我们证实，状态空间模型有效地拟合了各种模拟流行病曲线，并准确地拟合了真实世界的数据。在模拟中，我们发现当脱落动态较快时，基于废水的 Re（Reww）与瞬时临床 Re 非常接近。在脱落时间较长的情况下，Reww 近似于随时间变化的平滑 Re。我们还观察到，在框架中准确追踪废水浓度和 Reww 动态所需的采样频率因检测方法的精度、流行状况、传染病的传播性和脱落动态而异。通过将我们的框架应用于真实世界的数据，我们发现 SARS-CoV-2 的 Reww 显示出与基于临床的 Re 相似的趋势和数值。IAV 的 Reww 值从 0.66 到 1.52 不等，在冬季有一个明显的峰值，这与之前报告的 Re 值一致。我们还利用现有的废水数据在几周内成功预测了废水浓度。这些结果表明，我们的框架有可能通过废水监测实时逼近 Re 值和预测传染病动态，从而限制感染与报告之间的延迟。我们的框架尤其适用于没有可靠的临床监测和取消了应申报监测的地区，并可扩展到从废水中检测到的多种传染病，而无需脱落信息。
{"title":"Wastewater-based effective reproduction number and prediction under the absence of shedding information","authors":"Hiroki Andoa, Kelly A. Reynolds","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109128","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating effective reproduction number (Re) and predicting disease incidences are essential to formulate effective strategies for disease control. Although recent studies developed models for inferring Re from wastewater-based data, they require information on shedding dynamics. Here, we proposed a framework of Re estimation and prediction without shedding information. The framework consists of a space-state model for smoothing wastewater-based data and a renewal equation modified for wastewater-based data. The applicability of the framework was tested with simulated data and real-world data on Influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 concentration in 2022/2023 season in the USA. We confirmed the state-space model effectively fits various simulated epidemic curves and accurately fits real-world data. In simulations, we found wastewater-based Re (Reww) closely aligns with instantaneous clinical Re when shedding dynamics are rapid. For more prolonged shedding, Reww approximates a smoothed Re over time. We also observed the necessary sampling frequency to trace dynamics of wastewater concentration and Reww accurately in the framework varies depending on the precision of detection methods, the epidemic status, the transmissibility of infectious diseases, and shedding dynamics. By applying our framework to real-world data, we found Reww for SARS-CoV-2 showed similar trend and values to clinically-based Re. Reww for IAV ranged from 0.66 to 1.52 with a clear peak in the winter season, which agrees with previously reported Re. We also succeeded in predicting wastewater concentration in a few weeks from available wastewater-based data. These results indicate that our framework potentially enables real-time approximations of Re and prediction of infectious disease dynamics through wastewater surveillance, which limits the delay between infection and reporting. Our framework is useful especially for regions where reliable clinical surveillance is not available and notifiable surveillance is abolished, and can be expanded to multiple infectious diseases that have been detected from wastewater without shedding information.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109146
Nathan R. Gray, Alastair C. Lewis, Sarah J. Moller
Macro-scale distribution of air pollution concentrations is influenced by factors including geography, weather, industry, transport and regulation. Pollution sources are unevenly distributed, with some communities disproportionately impacted by higher emissions. This study separates the effects of deprivation from ethnicity as factors that influence proximity to pollution sources. We combine recent decadal census data (2021) on socioeconomic deprivation and detailed population ethnicity at fine scales (Lower Super Output layer Area, LSOA n = 1600 people) with a 1×1 km sector-resolved atmospheric emissions inventory for NOx and primary PM2.5 in England. All 24 minoritised ethnic groups studied experienced higher average local NOx and PM2.5 emissions than socio-economically matched populations in the majority ‘White: English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British‘ ethnic group. Chinese, Arab and Bangladeshi communities experienced the largest disparity in NOx, with weighted emissions 100 %, 91 %, 89 % higher than white populations of matched deprivation status. Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Roma groups experienced on average 40 %, 40 %, 36 % higher PM2.5 emissions locally than matched white groups. For NOx the largest contributors leading to disparity, were road transport (48 %), domestic combustion (23 %) and industry (15 %). For PM2.5 the greatest contributors to disparity were domestic combustion (53 %), road transport (19 %), and industry (11 %). Living near to road transport and in city centres are frequently cited as primary drivers of ethnicity and deprivation-based disparities, however the analysis identifies that industrial, domestic and off-road sources create issues of the same magnitude, and disparities remain in suburban settings, smaller towns and some rural areas.
{"title":"Evaluating disparities in air pollution as a function of ethnicity, deprivation and sectoral emissions in England","authors":"Nathan R. Gray, Alastair C. Lewis, Sarah J. Moller","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109146","url":null,"abstract":"Macro-scale distribution of air pollution concentrations is influenced by factors including geography, weather, industry, transport and regulation. Pollution sources are unevenly distributed, with some communities disproportionately impacted by higher emissions. This study separates the effects of deprivation from ethnicity as factors that influence proximity to pollution sources. We combine recent decadal census data (2021) on socioeconomic deprivation and detailed population ethnicity at fine scales (Lower Super Output layer Area, LSOA n = 1600 people) with a 1×1 km sector-resolved atmospheric emissions inventory for NO<sub>x</sub> and primary PM<sub>2.5</sub> in England. All 24 minoritised ethnic groups studied experienced higher average local NO<sub>x</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions than socio-economically matched populations in the majority ‘White: English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British‘ ethnic group. Chinese, Arab and Bangladeshi communities experienced the largest disparity in NO<sub>x</sub>, with weighted emissions 100 %, 91 %, 89 % higher than white populations of matched deprivation status. Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Roma groups experienced on average 40 %, 40 %, 36 % higher PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions locally than matched white groups. For NO<sub>x</sub> the largest contributors leading to disparity, were road transport (48 %), domestic combustion (23 %) and industry (15 %). For PM<sub>2.5</sub> the greatest contributors to disparity were domestic combustion (53 %), road transport (19 %), and industry (11 %). Living near to road transport and in city centres are frequently cited as primary drivers of ethnicity and deprivation-based disparities, however the analysis identifies that industrial, domestic and off-road sources create issues of the same magnitude, and disparities remain in suburban settings, smaller towns and some rural areas.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The functional endophytic bacterial community can effectively degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), thereby reducing their accumulation in vegetables grown on contaminated sites. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this reduction remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of different colonization methods of the functional endophytic bacterial community m5 in reducing PAHs in vegetables, with a particular focus on the leaf painting method. The results demonstrated that various colonization methods effectively reduced PAHs in vegetables, with leaf painting proving to be a cost-effective and efficient approach. Compared to the non-inoculated control, PAH content in the edible parts of amaranth was reduced by 40.63 % using the leaf painting method. High-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed that leaf painting altered the bacterial community structure and key components of the bacterial network, enhancing bacterial cooperation. After 20 days of colonization, the abundance of phe and nidA genes in vegetables increased significantly, by tens to hundreds of times, compared to uninoculated controls, thereby promoting the degradation of PAHs in vegetables. This study enhances our understanding of the biological mechanisms by which endophytic bacterial communities reduce PAHs in vegetables.
{"title":"Potential mechanisms of synthetic endophytic bacterial community to reduce PAHs accumulation in vegetables","authors":"Pengfei Li , Xian Zhou , Tong Wei, Jian Wang, Yanzheng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The functional endophytic bacterial community can effectively degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), thereby reducing their accumulation in vegetables grown on contaminated sites. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this reduction remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of different colonization methods of the functional endophytic bacterial community m5 in reducing PAHs in vegetables, with a particular focus on the leaf painting method. The results demonstrated that various colonization methods effectively reduced PAHs in vegetables, with leaf painting proving to be a cost-effective and efficient approach. Compared to the non-inoculated control, PAH content in the edible parts of amaranth was reduced by 40.63 % using the leaf painting method. High-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed that leaf painting altered the bacterial community structure and key components of the bacterial network, enhancing bacterial cooperation. After 20 days of colonization, the abundance of <em>phe</em> and <em>nidA</em> genes in vegetables increased significantly, by tens to hundreds of times, compared to uninoculated controls, thereby promoting the degradation of PAHs in vegetables. This study enhances our understanding of the biological mechanisms by which endophytic bacterial communities reduce PAHs in vegetables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109129"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109142
Shunyao Wang, Ran Tu
We appreciate Dr. Canu for the helpful comments on our recent review paper “Indoor air quality in sub microenvironments: Pollutant characteristics, adverse health impacts, and population inequality”. We have carefully considered each point that Dr. Canu raised and will take this opportunity to clarify the references in this review for a better understanding of our study.
{"title":"Reply to Canu: Correspondence with reference to the review “Indoor Air Quality in Subway Microenvironments”","authors":"Shunyao Wang, Ran Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109142","url":null,"abstract":"We appreciate Dr. Canu for the helpful comments on our recent review paper “Indoor air quality in sub microenvironments: Pollutant characteristics, adverse health impacts, and population inequality”. We have carefully considered each point that Dr. Canu raised and will take this opportunity to clarify the references in this review for a better understanding of our study.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109148
Rina Sato , Kazuya Yoshimura , Yukihisa Sanada , Satoshi Mikami , Tsutomu Yamada , Takamasa Nakasone , Seiichi Kanaizuka , Tetsuro Sato , Tsubasa Mori , Marie Takagi
Assessing individual external exposure doses from ambient dose equivalents is valuable for predictive and retrospective purposes when personal dosimeters are impractical. This study developed a model to assess individual external exposure doses from ambient dose equivalents, considering daily life patterns (location and time spent in various places), and evaluated parameters associated with individual external exposure doses, such as the reduction effects of radiation due to buildings and vehicles. The model parameters were evaluated using the robust datasets of environmental radiation measured in areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident. The effective dose estimated by the model was compared to 106 daily personal dose equivalents measured using personal dosimeters in the residents’ living environments near the FDNPS. The estimated effective dose well consists with the measured personal dose equivalents, particularly when considering natural radiation in indoor dose estimation. This model is adequate for radiation protection, enabling the predictive and retrospective estimation of individual external exposure doses using environmental radiation monitoring data.
{"title":"Assessment of individual external exposure doses based on environmental radiation in areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident","authors":"Rina Sato , Kazuya Yoshimura , Yukihisa Sanada , Satoshi Mikami , Tsutomu Yamada , Takamasa Nakasone , Seiichi Kanaizuka , Tetsuro Sato , Tsubasa Mori , Marie Takagi","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing individual external exposure doses from ambient dose equivalents is valuable for predictive and retrospective purposes when personal dosimeters are impractical. This study developed a model to assess individual external exposure doses from ambient dose equivalents, considering daily life patterns (location and time spent in various places), and evaluated parameters associated with individual external exposure doses, such as the reduction effects of radiation due to buildings and vehicles. The model parameters were evaluated using the robust datasets of environmental radiation measured in areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident. The effective dose estimated by the model was compared to 106 daily personal dose equivalents measured using personal dosimeters in the residents’ living environments near the FDNPS. The estimated effective dose well consists with the measured personal dose equivalents, particularly when considering natural radiation in indoor dose estimation. This model is adequate for radiation protection, enabling the predictive and retrospective estimation of individual external exposure doses using environmental radiation monitoring data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109148"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109145
Ram C. Siwakoti , Sean M. Harris , Kelly K. Ferguson , Wei Hao , David E. Cantonwine , Bhramar Mukherjee , Thomas F. McElrath , John D. Meeker
Background
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fluorinated chemicals linked to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms, specifically their effects on maternal inflammatory processes, are not well characterized.
Objective
We examined associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and repeated measures of inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and four cytokines [Interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)].
Methods
We analyzed data from 469 pregnant women in a nested case-control study of preterm birth at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts (2006–2008). We measured nine PFAS in early pregnancy plasma samples (median gestation: 10 weeks), with inflammatory biomarkers measured at median gestations of 10, 18, 26, and 35 weeks. We used linear mixed models for repeated measures and multivariable regression for visit-specific analysis to examine associations between each PFAS and inflammation biomarker, adjusting for maternal demographics, pre-pregnancy BMI, and parity. We examined the effects of PFAS mixture using sum of all PFAS () and quantile-based g-computation approaches.
Results
We observed consistent inverse associations between most PFAS and cytokines, specifically IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α, in both single pollutant and mixture analyses. For example, an interquartile range increase in perfluorooctanesulfonic acid was associated with −10.87 (95% CI: −19.75, −0.99), −13.91 (95% CI: −24.11, −2.34), and −8.63 (95% CI: −14.51, −2.35) percent change in IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, respectively. Fetal sex, maternal race, and visit-specific analyses showed associations between most PFAS and cytokines were generally stronger in mid-pregnancy and among women who delivered males or identified as African American.
Conclusions
The observed suppression of both regulatory (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) cytokines suggests that PFAS may alter maternal inflammatory processes or immune functions during pregnancy. Further research is needed to understand the effects of both legacy and newer PFAS on inflammatory pathways and their broader clinical implications.
{"title":"Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their influence on inflammatory biomarkers in pregnancy: Findings from the LIFECODES cohort","authors":"Ram C. Siwakoti , Sean M. Harris , Kelly K. Ferguson , Wei Hao , David E. Cantonwine , Bhramar Mukherjee , Thomas F. McElrath , John D. Meeker","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fluorinated chemicals linked to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms, specifically their effects on maternal inflammatory processes, are not well characterized.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We examined associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and repeated measures of inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and four cytokines [Interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)].</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 469 pregnant women in a nested case-control study of preterm birth at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts (2006–2008). We measured nine PFAS in early pregnancy plasma samples (median gestation: 10 weeks), with inflammatory biomarkers measured at median gestations of 10, 18, 26, and 35 weeks. We used linear mixed models for repeated measures and multivariable regression for visit-specific analysis to examine associations between each PFAS and inflammation biomarker, adjusting for maternal demographics, pre-pregnancy BMI, and parity. We examined the effects of PFAS mixture using sum of all PFAS (<span><math><mrow><mo>∑</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>) and quantile-based g-computation approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed consistent inverse associations between most PFAS and cytokines, specifically IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α, in both single pollutant and mixture analyses. For example, an interquartile range increase in perfluorooctanesulfonic acid was associated with −10.87 (95% CI: −19.75, −0.99), −13.91 (95% CI: −24.11, −2.34), and −8.63 (95% CI: −14.51, −2.35) percent change in IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, respectively. Fetal sex, maternal race, and visit-specific analyses showed associations between most PFAS and cytokines were generally stronger in mid-pregnancy and among women who delivered males or identified as African American.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The observed suppression of both regulatory (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) cytokines suggests that PFAS may alter maternal inflammatory processes or immune functions during pregnancy. Further research is needed to understand the effects of both legacy and newer PFAS on inflammatory pathways and their broader clinical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109145"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109150
Lei Wang , Sui Wang , Haifeng Su , Hongguang Cai , Yankun Song , Xiang Gong , Zhihui Sun , Jianhua Qu , Ying Zhang
The increasing atmospheric CO2 resulting from human activities over the past two centuries, which is projected to persist, has significant implications for plant physiology. However, our predictive understanding of how elevated CO2 (eCO2) modifies plant tolerance to metal stress remains limited. In this study, we collected roots and rhizosphere soils from Trifolium repens L. subjected to lead (Pb) stress under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions, generating transcriptomic data for roots, microbiota data for rhizospheres, and conducting comprehensive multi-omics analyses. Our findings show that eCO2 reduced the accumulation of Pb-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted plant growth by 72% to 402%, as well as increases shoot Pb uptake by 79% compared to ambient CO2. Additionally, eCO2 triggers specific defense response in T. repens, elevating the threshold for stress response. We observed a adaptive reconfiguration of transcriptional network that enhances energy efficiency and optimizes photosynthetic product utilization. Notably, eCO2 induces salicylic acid biosynthesis and activates defense pathways related to redox balance and ROS scavenging processes, thereby enhancing abiotic stress resistance. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, our comprehensive investigation reveals a holistic regulatory network encompassing plant traits, gene expression patterns, and bacterial structure potentially linked to metal accumulation as well as tradeoffs between growth and defense in plants under elevated CO2. These insights shed light on the plant stress responses under elevated CO2 and while contributing to a broader comprehension of plant-environment interactions.
过去两个世纪的人类活动导致大气中的二氧化碳不断增加，预计这种情况还将持续，这对植物生理学产生了重大影响。然而，我们对升高的 CO2（eCO2）如何改变植物对金属胁迫的耐受性的预测性了解仍然有限。在本研究中，我们采集了在环境和高二氧化碳条件下受到铅（Pb）胁迫的Trifolium repens L.的根系和根瘤土壤，生成了根系的转录组数据和根瘤的微生物群数据，并进行了全面的多组学分析。我们的研究结果表明，与环境 CO2 相比，eCO2 可减少铅诱导的活性氧（ROS）的积累，促进植物生长 72% 至 402%，并使嫩枝对铅的吸收增加 79%。此外，eCO2 还能触发 T. repens 的特定防御反应，提高应激反应的阈值。我们观察到转录网络进行了适应性重组，从而提高了能量效率并优化了光合产物的利用。值得注意的是，eCO2 会诱导水杨酸的生物合成，并激活与氧化还原平衡和清除 ROS 过程相关的防御途径，从而增强对非生物胁迫的抵抗力。通过加权基因共表达网络分析，我们的综合研究揭示了一个涵盖植物性状、基因表达模式和细菌结构的整体调控网络，它可能与金属积累以及高浓度 CO2 条件下植物生长和防御之间的权衡有关。这些发现揭示了高浓度 CO2 条件下植物的胁迫响应，同时有助于更广泛地理解植物与环境之间的相互作用。
{"title":"Multi-omics profiling reveals elevated CO2-enhanced tolerance of Trifolium repens L. to lead stress through environment-plant-microbiome interactions","authors":"Lei Wang , Sui Wang , Haifeng Su , Hongguang Cai , Yankun Song , Xiang Gong , Zhihui Sun , Jianhua Qu , Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> resulting from human activities over the past two centuries, which is projected to persist, has significant implications for plant physiology. However, our predictive understanding of how elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) modifies plant tolerance to metal stress remains limited. In this study, we collected roots and rhizosphere soils from <em>Trifolium repens</em> L. subjected to lead (Pb) stress under ambient and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> conditions, generating transcriptomic data for roots, microbiota data for rhizospheres, and conducting comprehensive multi-omics analyses. Our findings show that eCO<sub>2</sub> reduced the accumulation of Pb-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted plant growth by 72% to 402%, as well as increases shoot Pb uptake by 79% compared to ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. Additionally, eCO<sub>2</sub> triggers specific defense response in <em>T. repens</em>, elevating the threshold for stress response. We observed a adaptive reconfiguration of transcriptional network that enhances energy efficiency and optimizes photosynthetic product utilization. Notably, eCO<sub>2</sub> induces salicylic acid biosynthesis and activates defense pathways related to redox balance and ROS scavenging processes, thereby enhancing abiotic stress resistance. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, our comprehensive investigation reveals a holistic regulatory network encompassing plant traits, gene expression patterns, and bacterial structure potentially linked to metal accumulation as well as tradeoffs between growth and defense in plants under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. These insights shed light on the plant stress responses under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and while contributing to a broader comprehension of plant-environment interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109150"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109117
Kyung Hwa Kee, Jeong In Seo, Su Min Kim, Jentaie Shiea, Hye Hyun Yoo
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants that have been shown to contribute to human exposure, thereby raising a range of health concerns. In this context, human biomonitoring is essential for linking exposure levels of PFAS with their potential health risks. Mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques have been extensively adopted for the evaluation of PFAS levels across various cohorts. However, challenges arising from the use of biological samples (e.g., plasma, serum, urine, etc.) necessitate ongoing research and refinement of analytical methodologies. This review provides an overview of current trends in mass spectrometry-based approaches for human biomonitoring of PFAS, including sample collection and preparation, and instrumental techniques. We also explore analytical strategies to overcome challenges in obtaining PFAS-free blank matrices and address the risk of background contamination. Moreover, this review examines differing PFAS exposure patterns across regions by analyzing recent international cohort studies, specifically those conducted in the US and China over the past five years. Accordingly, several key research gaps in biomonitoring studies that need to be addressed moving forward are highlighted.
{"title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Trends in mass spectrometric analysis for human biomonitoring and exposure patterns from recent global cohort studies","authors":"Kyung Hwa Kee, Jeong In Seo, Su Min Kim, Jentaie Shiea, Hye Hyun Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109117","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants that have been shown to contribute to human exposure, thereby raising a range of health concerns. In this context, human biomonitoring is essential for linking exposure levels of PFAS with their potential health risks. Mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques have been extensively adopted for the evaluation of PFAS levels across various cohorts. However, challenges arising from the use of biological samples (e.g., plasma, serum, urine, etc.) necessitate ongoing research and refinement of analytical methodologies. This review provides an overview of current trends in mass spectrometry-based approaches for human biomonitoring of PFAS, including sample collection and preparation, and instrumental techniques. We also explore analytical strategies to overcome challenges in obtaining PFAS-free blank matrices and address the risk of background contamination. Moreover, this review examines differing PFAS exposure patterns across regions by analyzing recent international cohort studies, specifically those conducted in the US and China over the past five years. Accordingly, several key research gaps in biomonitoring studies that need to be addressed moving forward are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109121
Anne-Lise Bjørke-Monsen , Kristin Holstad , Sandra Huber , Maria Averina , Bjørn Bolann , Jan Brox
Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are reported to have numerous negative health effects and children are especially vulnerable. The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal and infant PFAS burden have any impact on prenatal and postnatal growth, liver and lipid parameters in infants at age six months. Data on diet and growth parameters, as well as blood samples were collected from healthy pregnant women in week 18 and in the women and their infants at six months postpartum. The blood samples were analysed for liver enzymes, blood lipids and PFAS. Maternal perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) and fish for dinner ≥ 3 days per week in pregnancy week 18 were associated with reduced birth weight and increased percent weight gain the first six months of life. Infant PFCA concentrations were positively associated with serum alanine aminotransferase and total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations at six months of age. Our data demonstrate that prenatal and postnatal PFAS exposure are associated with an unfavourable metabolic profile at a very young age. This pattern is concerning as it may be linked to early conditioning of later metabolic disease. It is vital to reduce PFAS exposure in women of fertile age in order to prevent development of metabolic disease in the next generation.
{"title":"PFAS exposure is associated with an unfavourable metabolic profile in infants six months of age","authors":"Anne-Lise Bjørke-Monsen , Kristin Holstad , Sandra Huber , Maria Averina , Bjørn Bolann , Jan Brox","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are reported to have numerous negative health effects and children are especially vulnerable. The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal and infant PFAS burden have any impact on prenatal and postnatal growth, liver and lipid parameters in infants at age six months. Data on diet and growth parameters, as well as blood samples were collected from healthy pregnant women in week 18 and in the women and their infants at six months postpartum. The blood samples were analysed for liver enzymes, blood lipids and PFAS. Maternal perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) and fish for dinner ≥ 3 days per week in pregnancy week 18 were associated with reduced birth weight and increased percent weight gain the first six months of life. Infant PFCA concentrations were positively associated with serum alanine aminotransferase and total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations at six months of age. Our data demonstrate that prenatal and postnatal PFAS exposure are associated with an unfavourable metabolic profile at a very young age. This pattern is concerning as it may be linked to early conditioning of later metabolic disease. It is vital to reduce PFAS exposure in women of fertile age in order to prevent development of metabolic disease in the next generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109121"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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