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The Role of Age and Exposure in English Vowel Perception and Production among Native Swahili Speakers 母语为斯瓦希里语者的英语元音感知和产生中年龄和暴露的作用
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V11I2.85-97
R. Upor, Joseph J. Olomy
Vowel perceptual studies in Foreign Language Acquisition (FLA) settings where L1 is dominant are generally scarce. The aim of this study, therefore, is to explore the role of the age and exposure factors in the perception and production of English vowels [ɑ-ɜ; æ-ɑ; i-ɪ] by the native Swahili speakers whose exposure to the English language is through formal instruction in a predominantly FLA situation. The participants (n=40) were classified into two groups: Young learners and adult learners. Using Flege’s Speech Learning Model (SLM), we administered a vowel perception test, and a vowel production exercise. The results confirm that adult learners have an edge over younger learners whereby the former exhibited greater accuracy in determining vowel contrasts and production than the latter. Although both groups shared common difficulties in discriminating the vowel sounds, adult learners had recourse to their prolonged exposure and ingeniously used previously acquired knowledge and skills in sentence structure and meaning to aid discrimination in comparison to the younger learners. Finally, the study supports the SLM contention that adults retain capacities to acquire L1 to perceive the properties of L2 speech sounds and establish new phonetic categories.
在以母语为主导的外语习得环境中,元音感知的研究很少。因此,本研究的目的是探讨年龄和暴露因素在英语元音的感知和产生中的作用。æ-ɑ;i- /]由母语为斯瓦希里语的人使用,他们主要是在FLA的情况下通过正式教学接触英语。参与者(n=40)被分为两组:青年学习者和成人学习者。使用Flege语音学习模型(SLM),我们进行了元音感知测试和元音生成练习。结果证实,成人学习者比年轻学习者有优势,即前者在确定元音对比和生产方面比后者表现出更高的准确性。尽管两组在辨别元音发音方面都有共同的困难,但与年轻学习者相比,成年学习者依靠他们长时间的接触,并巧妙地利用先前获得的句子结构和意义方面的知识和技能来帮助辨别。最后,该研究支持了SLM的论点,即成年人保留了习得第一语言以感知第二语言语音特性并建立新的语音类别的能力。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of Socio-Cultural Aspects of Kada To Minaa Toraja Discourse in the Students’ Character Building Kada To Minaa Toraja语篇在学生性格塑造中的社会文化层面研究
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V11I2.123-131
Elim Trika Sudarsi, Nilma Taula’bi’, Markus Deli Girik Allo, Eka Prabawati Rum
This study aims to know the socio-cultural aspects of the discourse kada to minaa Toraja in the formation of the character of learners. This research method is qualitative with an ethnographic design. The data analysis technique in this study is Ethnographic Research Cycle. The results of this study showed that the socio-cultural aspects of kada to minaa Toraja discourse in the formation of the character of learners are: First, the aspect of politeness value in kada to minaa, namely Mekatabe' londong lako to disa'bu' gayang ma'pampang ma'paran-paran. Second, the religious aspect of kada to minaa "Di posulo sulo lalan di pobia' kalambanan." Third, aspects of social practice or habits/rituals contained in kada to minaa, namely "Laku olapa umbating lakulomban pamario." Fourth, aspects of family values in the expression "Totiumba' Batu Rupanna tama Tandung Kalonaran." Fifth, aspects of the value of humility in kada to minaa "Tang lara'ba pa te riu laku lessa', tangmaupu' pa' te umpalumba' sangpatikan anna bisara." Sixth, the religious aspect of kada to minaa speech is "Antan Tundan tongan mora Puang dimatua dao masua anggana to palulungan dao pataralayukna."
本研究旨在了解语篇kada - minaa Toraja在学习者性格形成中的社会文化层面。这种研究方法是定性的,具有民族志设计。本研究的数据分析技术是民族志研究周期。本研究结果显示,语篇对学习者性格形成的社会文化层面有:第一,语篇中的礼貌价值层面,即Mekatabe的“londong lako to disa”bu“gayang ma”“pampang ma”paran-paran。第二,卡达的宗教方面,以minaa "Di posulo sulo lalan Di pobia' kalambanan。"第三,kada to minaa中包含的社会实践或习惯/仪式方面,即“Laku olapa umating lakulomban pamario”。第四,表达“Totiumba' Batu Rupanna tama Tandung Kalonaran”中的家庭价值观方面。第五,在卡达中谦卑的价值方面,要以“Tang lara'ba pa te riu laku lessa', Tang maupu' pa' te umpalumba' sangpatikan anna bisara”来概括。第六,卡达语对米那语的宗教方面是“Antan Tundan tongan mora Puang dimatua dao masua anggana to palulungan dao pataralayukna”。
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引用次数: 0
Lexical Complexity of Students' Oral Performance on PechaKucha 学生在佩查库查语口语表演中的词汇复杂性
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V11I2.189-195
F. Rahayu
This study examines the lexical complexity of undergraduate students' speaking performance, taking from their performance in Pechakucha. Pechakucha is an internet-based platform that enables people to do their presentations at a specific time and share it worldwide. The researcher uses PechaKucha since it enhances the students' actual speaking competence by giving them limited time to discuss an image. The lexical complexity of the students' speaking performance is measured using Lexical Complexity Analyser (LCA). This present study finds a significant difference between students' lexical frequency when performing descriptive and narrative oral presentations, shown by the sig.2-tailed of that variable is less than 0.05. While on the other hand, students' lexical variation, lexical density and lexical sophistication showed that the sig-2 tailed value is higher than 0.05, which means there is no significant difference between those two oral presentations. The finding indicates that the students' word choices are similar, and the measurements of their lexical complexity are influenced by the different requirements applied in two oral presentations. In addition, Pechakucha is one of the speaking activities which can be an alternative activity during online classes which prevent students from having face-to-face speaking activity.
本研究以大学生在佩查库查语中的表现为例,探讨大学生口语表现中的词汇复杂性。Pechakucha是一个基于互联网的平台,人们可以在特定的时间做演讲,并在全世界分享。研究人员之所以使用PechaKucha,是因为它给学生们有限的时间来讨论一个图像,从而提高了他们的实际口语能力。使用词汇复杂度分析仪(LCA)测量学生口语表现的词汇复杂度。本研究发现,学生在进行描述性和叙事性口头报告时的词汇使用频率存在显著差异,该变量的2尾符号小于0.05。另一方面,学生的词汇变异、词汇密度和词汇复杂程度的sig-2尾值均高于0.05,说明两种口头陈述之间没有显著差异。研究结果表明,学生的词汇选择是相似的,他们的词汇复杂程度的测量受到两种口头陈述的不同要求的影响。此外,Pechakucha是一种口语活动,可以作为在线课程的替代活动,防止学生进行面对面的口语活动。
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引用次数: 0
Demolishing the “Ideal” Concept of Beauty: How Pore Hero’s Instagram Campaign Challenges Other Skincare Advertisements 摧毁“理想”的美丽概念:毛孔英雄的Instagram活动如何挑战其他护肤广告
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V11I2.208-223
Yasmina Namira Rahmania, N. Yannuar, Aulia Apriana
Skincare companies purposely combine textual and visual features to create a compelling sign that can be correlated with beauty. In their ads, people are frequently depicted as having bright, white, and flawless skin. These exaggerated and repetitive representations eventually built a certain concept of beauty. In this paper, a preparatory approach is employed to investigate how an Indonesian beauty brand, Pore Hero, employs diverse promotional strategies. The analysis focuses on the textual aspects and discursive features of the posts, and how the campaign challenges the “ideological” concept of beauty. Data were collected from the brand’s Instagram account then analyzed with Fairclough’s three-dimensional model (1989) and van Leeuwen’s word-image links (2005b). Results indicated that Pore Hero uses five distinctive techniques to promote the brand’s values and offerings: 1) exposition of existing ingredients 2) inspiring campaign 3) emotive contents 4) realistic representations 5) reviews by Instagram users. It is concluded that the Instagram promotional posts of the brand strive to change people's minds to respect and accept themselves by changing the goal of having perfect skin to healthy skin.
护肤品公司有意将文字和视觉特征结合起来,创造出一种引人注目的标志,可以与美丽联系起来。在他们的广告中,人们经常被描绘成拥有明亮、白皙和无暇的皮肤。这些夸张和重复的表现最终构建了某种美的概念。在本文中,一个准备的方法是采用调查如何印尼美容品牌,毛孔英雄,采用不同的促销策略。分析的重点是这些帖子的文本方面和话语特征,以及这场运动如何挑战“意识形态”的审美观念。从该品牌的Instagram账户中收集数据,然后用费尔克劳的三维模型(1989)和范·莱文的文字图像链接(2005b)进行分析。结果表明,Pore Hero使用了五种独特的技术来推广品牌的价值和产品:1)展示现有成分2)鼓舞人心的活动3)情感内容4)现实表现5)Instagram用户的评论。综上所言,品牌的Instagram宣传文通过将拥有完美皮肤的目标转变为健康的皮肤,努力改变人们对自己的尊重和接受。
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引用次数: 0
Interpretation of Political Inclination in Online Newspapers: An Ideological Disposition through Transitivity Analysis 及物性分析解读网络报纸的政治倾向:一种思想倾向
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V11I2.132-144
Saira Asad, Siti Noor Fazelah Binti Mohd Noor, L. Jaes
The language of newspapers depicts the ideology of news institutions. The online alternative Malaysian newspaper, ‘Malaysiakini’, and mainstream online newspaper ‘The New Straits Times (NST)’ had shown different stances through grammatical terms during 100 days of Pakatan Harapan (PH), which leads to uncovering the news institutions’ ideology by observing their past performances and current representation. Norman Fairclough’s (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was employed on hard news reports, which were analyzed with the Halliday Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) tool. ‘Pakatan Harapan (PH)’ as a political party was found as main ‘doer’ in ‘100 days’ performance after winning election 2018 in both newspapers through their linguistic stances, which were collected from 5 (3,334 words) news reports from ‘Malaysiakini’ and 3 (2,478 words) from ‘NST’ based on social actor’s performances on 17th and 18th August 2018. ‘Malaysiakini’ had maintained its neutral stance, while ‘The New Straits Times’ had shifted its stance towards PH in their ruling government.
报纸的语言描绘了新闻机构的意识形态。马来西亚的另类在线报纸“Malaysiakini”和主流在线报纸“新海峡时报”(NST)在希望联盟(PH)执政的100天里,通过语法术语表现出不同的立场,这导致通过观察新闻机构过去的表现和现在的表现来揭示新闻机构的意识形态。Norman Fairclough(1995)的批评性话语分析(Critical Discourse Analysis, CDA)被用于硬新闻报道,并使用Halliday系统功能语言学(system Functional Linguistics, SFL)工具进行分析。“希望联盟”作为一个政党在赢得2018年大选后的“100天表现”中被发现是主要的“实干者”,通过他们的语言立场,这是根据2018年8月17日和18日社会演员的表现,从“马来西亚人”的5篇(3,334个单词)新闻报道和“NST”的3篇(2,478个单词)新闻报道中收集的。《马来西亚人报》一直保持中立立场,而《新海峡时报》则在执政政府中转向希盟。
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引用次数: 1
Developing Self-Learning Habit and Building Self Confidence by Integrating TBLT in Listening and Speaking Activities 在听说活动中融入任务型教学法,培养自主学习习惯,树立自信
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V11I1.%P
A. Savitri, Wiwiek Sundari
A common problem related to Teaching English as Foreign Language (TEFL) in an expanding circle country like Indonesia is students were accustomed to passively follow what the teacher told them to do. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) is an effective method to let students develop their knowledge and creativity by learning the materials with their peers. It develops students’ self-learning habit that is beneficial for them to expand their knowledge, improve their competence and build their self-confidence as they were proud of their self-achievement. This research shows the integration of TBLT into listening and speaking class for second-grade students of State Vocational Senior Highschool, Central Java, majoring in electrical power engineering to fulfill their need as a technician with certain adaptations to suit the custom without decreasing its function and effectiveness
在印度尼西亚这样一个不断扩大的国家,英语作为外语教学(TEFL)的一个常见问题是,学生习惯于被动地听从老师的吩咐。任务型语言教学(TBLT)是一种让学生通过与同伴一起学习材料来发展知识和创造力的有效方法。它培养学生的自主学习习惯,这有利于他们扩大知识,提高能力,建立自信,因为他们为自己的自我成就感到自豪。本研究表明,将任务型教学融入中爪哇国家职业高中电力工程专业二年级学生的听说教学中,既能满足他们作为技术人员的需求,又能在不降低其功能和有效性的前提下进行一定的调整
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引用次数: 4
EFL Student Writers‘ Engagement Strategies in Technology-Mediated Communication 英语学生作家在技术媒介交际中的参与策略
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V11I1.73-84
D. Inayati
The pivotal role of readers/audience in helping shape students’ writing has led to attempts to engage them in their composition. This reader awareness is further enhanced with the integration of Web 2.0 technology, say blogs, into writing pedagogy. This study aims to investigate the engagement strategies EFL writers employ in their blogs, and the readers’ responses toward the strategies. In this content analysis study, twenty-seven learning English blog entries retrieved from three student bloggers were analyzed using Hyland’s (2005) and Myers’ (2010) engagement strategies. The findings reveal the student bloggers’ use of almost all the eleven engagement strategies proposed in the model albeit the extent of which varied depending on the type of the blog post, their personal background, and writing purposes. The use of such strategies as “Pronoun” and “Image” drew numerous comments from readers on the blogs, implying a strong sense of readership. It is thus recommended for EFL writing teachers to introduce varieties of engagement strategies within digitally-mediated writing environments to their students to enhance reader/writer interactions.
读者/观众在帮助塑造学生写作方面的关键作用,导致了让他们参与到作文中的尝试。通过将Web 2.0技术(比如博客)集成到写作教学中,读者的这种意识得到了进一步增强。本研究旨在探讨英语作者在其博客中使用的投入策略,以及读者对这些策略的反应。在这项内容分析研究中,使用Hyland(2005)和Myers(2010)的参与策略分析了从三个学生博客中检索到的27个英语学习博客条目。研究结果显示,学生博主几乎使用了模型中提出的所有11种参与策略,尽管其程度取决于博客文章的类型、个人背景和写作目的。“代词”、“形象”等策略的使用,在博客上吸引了大量读者的评论,暗示了强烈的读者感。因此,建议英语写作教师在数字媒介写作环境中向学生介绍各种参与策略,以增强读者/作者的互动。
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引用次数: 0
Manner Verb Construction and Reduplication of Kedang Language: A Typological Study * 克当语方式动词结构与重复:类型学研究*
Pub Date : 2020-09-11 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V10I2.110-123
Nurul Khasanah, Agus Subiyanto
This study discusses manner verb construction and reduplication of the Kedang language from the perspective of typology. This study is a descriptive qualitative study by describing the pattern of manner verb construction of the Kedang language. The data is analyzed by using distributional (agih) and identity (padan) methods through breaking down words and sentences. The choice and equivalent of sentences are adjusted with the typology rule of universal language by Dixon (2006); serial verb construction. The result of this study showed that the manner verb construction of the Kedang language is an action-manner with verb and reduplication. There are five patterns of manner verb construction; V1 Intransitive + V2 transitive, V1 Intransitive + V2 Intransitive, V1 Transitive + V1 Transitive, V1 transitive + V2 Intransitive, and V Tran/Inf +Adj. However, manner verb construction with reduplication is classified into three categories: V1 intransitive + total reduplication, V1 transitive + total reduplication, and V1 transitive/intransitive + total reduplication with sound change. The verbs that accompany the reduplication of the word are motion and action verb. The manner verb is always in second place to clarify the activity of the first verb.
本文从类型学的角度探讨了克当语的方式动词结构和重复现象。本研究是一项描述性质的研究,通过描述克当语方式动词的结构模式。通过分解单词和句子,使用分布(agh)和身份(padan)方法对数据进行分析。Dixon(2006)根据通用语言的类型学规则调整了句子的选择和对等;连词动词结构。研究结果表明,克当语的方式动词结构是一种带有动词和重复的动作方式。方式动词的结构有五种模式;V1不及物+ V2不及物,V1不及物+ V2不及物,V1不及物+ V1不及物,V1不及物+ V2不及物,V Tran/Inf +Adj。而带重复的方式动词结构分为V1不及物+全重复、V1及物+全重复、V1及物/不及物+全重复带变音三大类。伴随单词重复的动词是动作动词和动作动词。方式动词总是放在第二位,以澄清第一个动词的活动。
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引用次数: 0
The Discourse of Covids-19 Pandemic Policies in Indonesia 印尼新冠肺炎疫情防控政策论述
Pub Date : 2020-09-05 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V10I2.97-109
Nurhayati, Peter Suwarno
Since covid-19 has become pandemic, an abundance of coronavirus news fills the mass media throughout the world. The pandemic is constructed verbally from various perspectives for many purposes. In Indonesia, the discourse of the pandemic is not only about the disease, but also about other social issues related to the pandemic. Through certain discourses, the text producers may present various meanings. This study purposes to uncover social meanings presented in the discourses constructed by the mass media regarding the Indonesian government policies to cut the Covid-19 pandemic. Using a critical discourse analysis approach, the researchers analyze clauses containing three terms: Isolasi Mandiri, PSBB, and local lockdown from 28 downloaded texts. The focus of analysis is on the selection of lexico-grammar used to represent the policies to cut the chain of the pandemic. The result shows that there are three patterns in positioning participants regarding who has to take the responsibility for the implementation of the policies. The discourse about Isolasi Mandiri position residents as a party who has to be responsible and the government was positioned as the controller. The discourse of PSBB has positioned the government as a party that conducts and controls the implementation of the policies. The discourse of local lockdown represented that the policy was only as planning urged by the NGO and has not been conducted by the government. The context influencing the discourse is the socio-economic context. The discourses also show that the way media represented the policies is in line with the government agenda. 
自covid-19成为大流行以来,世界各地的大众媒体充斥着大量的冠状病毒新闻。为了许多目的,从不同的角度口头构建了大流行病。在印度尼西亚,关于这一流行病的论述不仅涉及这一疾病,还涉及与这一流行病有关的其他社会问题。通过一定的话语,文本生产者可以呈现出不同的意义。本研究旨在揭示大众媒体关于印尼政府削减Covid-19大流行政策的话语所呈现的社会意义。使用批判性话语分析方法,研究人员从28个下载文本中分析了包含三个术语的从句:Isolasi Mandiri, PSBB和local locki。分析的重点是选择用于表示切断大流行链条的政策的词汇语法。研究结果表明,参与者在政策实施责任定位上存在三种模式。关于Isolasi Mandiri的论述将居民定位为必须负责任的一方,而政府被定位为控制者。PSBB的话语将政府定位为引导和控制政策实施的政党。地方封锁的说法表明,该政策只是非政府组织敦促的规划,并没有由政府实施。影响话语的语境是社会经济语境。这些话语也表明,媒体报道政策的方式与政府的议程是一致的。
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引用次数: 1
Corpus Linguistics and Corpus-Based Research and Its Implication in Applied Linguistics: A Systematic Review 语料库语言学与基于语料库的研究及其在应用语言学中的启示:系统综述
Pub Date : 2020-09-03 DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V10I2.176-181
A. Al-Hamzi, Ayoub Gougui, Y. Amalia, T. Suhardijanto
This article conveys a case-of-systematic survey of outstanding progress on corpora conducted by researchers affiliated with different common-section institutions all over the world.  Such a range overview selected 20 outstanding types of research from multi research-pushing institutions all around the world. These projects employ corpus techniques and technology to treat an enormous domain of research queries that are relevant to linguistic studies, language teaching and learning, cultural studies, and discourse analysis. These varied implementations of corpus techniques and advances clearly explain the great stress and chances that corpora applied in linguistics can hand to those who have the intention to research, educate, and learn the language. 
本文对世界不同公共部门的研究人员在语料库方面取得的突出进展进行了系统的调查。这样的范围概述从世界各地的多研究推动机构中选出了20个杰出的研究类型。这些项目采用语料库技术和技术来处理与语言学研究、语言教学、文化研究和话语分析相关的大量研究问题。这些语料库技术和进步的不同实现清楚地解释了语料库在语言学中的应用给那些有意研究、教育和学习语言的人带来的巨大压力和机会。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education
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