Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.53-66
Joel McCay
School meetings, which today are often called teacher workshops are to conduct teacher professional development which may still be desired by today’s teachers. This study was to discover if technological alternatives might be desired by one public school system in the USA. Choices included delivery of professional development via web-based learning material, CD-ROM, and PDF documents as downloadable files for print from the Internet. A questionnaire was designed to find out which media was selected most often for delivery of their own professional development. The study material for this investigation served as professional development modules. Data from surveys were collected to discover why they select them, and whether or not they prefer those modes of professional development to the more traditional modes previously experienced such as teacher meetings/workshops. There were 28 participants in this study. To assess the role of the media for delivery of professional development via learning modules. Descriptive statistics were used to identify demographics and patterns in the educators’ preferences and perceptions. A major conclusion of the study included the medium selected most often was online (82% of respondents)
{"title":"USA Public School Educators’ Perceptions of Electronically Delivered Professional Development Modules","authors":"Joel McCay","doi":"10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.53-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.53-66","url":null,"abstract":"School meetings, which today are often called teacher workshops are to conduct teacher professional development which may still be desired by today’s teachers. This study was to discover if technological alternatives might be desired by one public school system in the USA. Choices included delivery of professional development via web-based learning material, CD-ROM, and PDF documents as downloadable files for print from the Internet. A questionnaire was designed to find out which media was selected most often for delivery of their own professional development. The study material for this investigation served as professional development modules. Data from surveys were collected to discover why they select them, and whether or not they prefer those modes of professional development to the more traditional modes previously experienced such as teacher meetings/workshops. There were 28 participants in this study. To assess the role of the media for delivery of professional development via learning modules. Descriptive statistics were used to identify demographics and patterns in the educators’ preferences and perceptions. A major conclusion of the study included the medium selected most often was online (82% of respondents)","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"174 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79684805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.24-30
Mei-Hsiu Chuo
The prevalence of learning Chinese in the United States is very popular with the learning Chinese language throughout the world. This atmosphere is very encouraging for children in Chinese schools and improves their learning motivation. This research is action research and the purpose of this study is (1) to explore the current situation of teaching Chinese in the United States and to answer the research questions based on the reaction and self-reflection of young children, (2) to revise teaching materials and teaching methods during the research, (3) to utilize the innovation story theater model into the Chinese curriculum of the bilingual school in USA, and (4) to find out the suggestions and feasible solutions to the various problems. The research found that if learning activities are intrinsically attractive there is no need to arrange any games to motivate children's learning. Moreover, the findings show that the innovative story theater is very practical and can effectively enhance children's interest in learning Chinese
{"title":"Innovation Drama Teaching of “New Pinocchio” in Chinese Language Learning: Action Research","authors":"Mei-Hsiu Chuo","doi":"10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.24-30","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of learning Chinese in the United States is very popular with the learning Chinese language throughout the world. This atmosphere is very encouraging for children in Chinese schools and improves their learning motivation. This research is action research and the purpose of this study is (1) to explore the current situation of teaching Chinese in the United States and to answer the research questions based on the reaction and self-reflection of young children, (2) to revise teaching materials and teaching methods during the research, (3) to utilize the innovation story theater model into the Chinese curriculum of the bilingual school in USA, and (4) to find out the suggestions and feasible solutions to the various problems. The research found that if learning activities are intrinsically attractive there is no need to arrange any games to motivate children's learning. Moreover, the findings show that the innovative story theater is very practical and can effectively enhance children's interest in learning Chinese","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80831065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.44-52
Rin Surtantini
This article aims at finding out the reading comprehension-question levels as constructed for some chapters of English Students’ Book for Grade X published in 2017 by The Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia. The data were taken purposively and analyzed using Barrett’s taxonomy of reading comprehension to examine the levels of comprehension questions provided in the book. While higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in Bloom’s taxonomy involve students to analyze, to evaluate, and to create, Barrett’s reading comprehension levels exhibit corresponding features, namely inferential comprehension, evaluation, and appreciation. The analysis is to show the corresponse the reading comprehension questions in the book to the current issues of HOTS in the curriculum policy of Indonesia. The results demonstrate that while some of the comprehension questions (21%) comply with the higher level of reading comprehension, the rest (nearly 80%) show lower level of reading comprehension. In response to the implementation of the curriculum policy in Indonesia, teachers need to practice constructing higher levels of comprehension questions that considerably make students get used to think critically
{"title":"Reading Comprehension Question Levels in Grade X English Students’ Book in Light of the Issues of Curriculum Policy in Indonesia","authors":"Rin Surtantini","doi":"10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.44-52","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims at finding out the reading comprehension-question levels as constructed for some chapters of English Students’ Book for Grade X published in 2017 by The Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia. The data were taken purposively and analyzed using Barrett’s taxonomy of reading comprehension to examine the levels of comprehension questions provided in the book. While higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in Bloom’s taxonomy involve students to analyze, to evaluate, and to create, Barrett’s reading comprehension levels exhibit corresponding features, namely inferential comprehension, evaluation, and appreciation. The analysis is to show the corresponse the reading comprehension questions in the book to the current issues of HOTS in the curriculum policy of Indonesia. The results demonstrate that while some of the comprehension questions (21%) comply with the higher level of reading comprehension, the rest (nearly 80%) show lower level of reading comprehension. In response to the implementation of the curriculum policy in Indonesia, teachers need to practice constructing higher levels of comprehension questions that considerably make students get used to think critically","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"508 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76397843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.31-43
Yuting Shih, Shu-Chuan Chen
Mental illnesses often inspire artists and writers and are omnipresent in various works, yet the moral adequacy of portraying their images remained controversial: Erving Goffman (2010) had described the challenges the “discreditables” might have faced and the privileges they might get once being uncovered in his essay. However, Susan Sontag believed that wrapping disease in metaphors discouraged, silenced, and shamed patients in her Illness as Metaphor. This paper aims to center the discussion on what the diseases and the patients will represent and the privileges be demonstrated in these texts from a rhetorical aspect? By applying principally the theories of uncanny, abjection, and stigma, this paper has built a theory on presuming Meursault in Camus’s The Stranger has Asperger, then analyze the power of stigma in two recent works: the episode “ADHD Is Necessary” in Taiwanese TV drama: On Children, and a French novel: Nothing Holds Back the Night. The results showed that the mental illness can be an advantageous and necessary metaphor, just as an endowing “Mark of Cain”, threatening yet defensive. Meanwhile
{"title":"Can the Discreditable be an Advantage? Mental Illnesses as Metaphors on Rhetorical Usages for Language Teaching","authors":"Yuting Shih, Shu-Chuan Chen","doi":"10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.31-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.31-43","url":null,"abstract":"Mental illnesses often inspire artists and writers and are omnipresent in various works, yet the moral adequacy of portraying their images remained controversial: Erving Goffman (2010) had described the challenges the “discreditables” might have faced and the privileges they might get once being uncovered in his essay. However, Susan Sontag believed that wrapping disease in metaphors discouraged, silenced, and shamed patients in her Illness as Metaphor. This paper aims to center the discussion on what the diseases and the patients will represent and the privileges be demonstrated in these texts from a rhetorical aspect? By applying principally the theories of uncanny, abjection, and stigma, this paper has built a theory on presuming Meursault in Camus’s The Stranger has Asperger, then analyze the power of stigma in two recent works: the episode “ADHD Is Necessary” in Taiwanese TV drama: On Children, and a French novel: Nothing Holds Back the Night. The results showed that the mental illness can be an advantageous and necessary metaphor, just as an endowing “Mark of Cain”, threatening yet defensive. Meanwhile","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79244342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.1-14
Hsiu-Ying Liu, Cheng-Chung Kuo, Yun-Hsuan Chou
The paper aims to explore the effectiveness of Semantic Field Theory in polysemy teaching by conducting action research. The objective is to cultivate students’ concept of metaphor and semantic fields in order to achieve systematic vocabulary retention on the one hand, and to prove that teaching vocabulary through Semantic Field Theory is more effective than traditional methods on the other hand. An experiment is given to sophomores in Asia University, with a pretest, in-class lesson, and posttest. The result shows that the students in the experimental group perform better in the posttest even though their performance in the pretest is worse, which furtherly proves that learning English polysemy through semantic fields is much more effective than traditional teaching methods.
{"title":"Teaching English Polysemy through Semantic Fields","authors":"Hsiu-Ying Liu, Cheng-Chung Kuo, Yun-Hsuan Chou","doi":"10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.1-14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to explore the effectiveness of Semantic Field Theory in polysemy teaching by conducting action research. The objective is to cultivate students’ concept of metaphor and semantic fields in order to achieve systematic vocabulary retention on the one hand, and to prove that teaching vocabulary through Semantic Field Theory is more effective than traditional methods on the other hand. An experiment is given to sophomores in Asia University, with a pretest, in-class lesson, and posttest. The result shows that the students in the experimental group perform better in the posttest even though their performance in the pretest is worse, which furtherly proves that learning English polysemy through semantic fields is much more effective than traditional teaching methods.","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77428988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-29DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.15-23
R. Moqaddam
This study attempts to find a relation between the amount of interest in poetry and the degree of sensitivity, especially among the college students. If a positive correlation can be found, scholars and teachers may be able to offer students with weak perception of the environment, poetry reading. Dr. Elaine N. Aron’s questionnaire, Highly Sensitive Person Scale 2007, was the tool of this paper to evaluate the hypersensitivity of students, the results of which were tested correlation with a number of five questions that was added to the original questionnaire. The added questions were to demonstrate the students’ interest or disinterest toward poetry, and through Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and independent Samples T-Test it became possible to calculate the correlation of sensitivity tests and the interest in poetry. The results answered research questions, and it was found that except the question number five, there was no significant relationship between sensitivity and the other variables. However, the question number five which showed a positive relationship between sensitivity and the amount of empathetic understanding of those who are interested in poetry, could indicate a meaningful correlation by reminding that empathy is an equivalence of unconscious admittance
本研究试图找出对诗歌感兴趣的程度与敏感程度之间的关系，尤其是在大学生中。如果能够找到正相关关系，学者和教师或许能够为环境感知较弱的学生提供诗歌阅读。Dr. Elaine N. Aron的问卷，2007年高度敏感者量表，是本文评估学生超敏反应的工具，其结果与原始问卷中增加的五个问题进行了相关性测试。增加的问题是为了证明学生对诗歌的兴趣或不感兴趣，通过Pearson积差相关系数和独立样本t检验，可以计算灵敏度测试与诗歌兴趣的相关性。结果回答了研究问题，发现除了第5个问题外，敏感性与其他变量之间没有显着关系。然而，第五个问题显示了对诗歌感兴趣的人的敏感性和移情理解之间的正相关，通过提醒移情相当于无意识的接纳，可以表明一个有意义的相关性
{"title":"The Relationship between the Interest in Poetry and the Degree of Sensivity: A Primary Study of Sample of Khorasan-Iran Students","authors":"R. Moqaddam","doi":"10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.15-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PAROLE.V9I1.15-23","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to find a relation between the amount of interest in poetry and the degree of sensitivity, especially among the college students. If a positive correlation can be found, scholars and teachers may be able to offer students with weak perception of the environment, poetry reading. Dr. Elaine N. Aron’s questionnaire, Highly Sensitive Person Scale 2007, was the tool of this paper to evaluate the hypersensitivity of students, the results of which were tested correlation with a number of five questions that was added to the original questionnaire. The added questions were to demonstrate the students’ interest or disinterest toward poetry, and through Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and independent Samples T-Test it became possible to calculate the correlation of sensitivity tests and the interest in poetry. The results answered research questions, and it was found that except the question number five, there was no significant relationship between sensitivity and the other variables. However, the question number five which showed a positive relationship between sensitivity and the amount of empathetic understanding of those who are interested in poetry, could indicate a meaningful correlation by reminding that empathy is an equivalence of unconscious admittance","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75627113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V8I2.72-80
Shu-Chuan Chen, Chih-Hui Fang
Three different types of narrative writings from women who have recently immigrated to Taiwan are discussed here: oral/confessional narrative, textual narrative, and documentary films. The first is the primary kind of narrative writing produced while immigrant women are still struggling with the acquirement of a new language, and relies on help from local people to deliver the new immigrants’ voice. The textual narrative illustrates the mother figures in terms of madness or absence from home; emphasizing the conflict of mother-daughter relationships. The last type of narrative writing produced by newly immigrating women are the documentary films, which are shot by themselves and attempt to demonstrate the bravery of these new immigrant spouses in defending their rights. The results of this paper show that, through the narrative writings, female immigrants from Southeast Asia in Taiwan have produced a variety of issues and topics which create a link of dialogue with Taiwanese society, and which need to be understood. What is more, the process of constructing their new identity is worth discussing as it provides a new perspective on Asian ethnic and women’s writing, and uncovers the need for more research into diasporic women―studied from the approach of displacement.
{"title":"Narrative Writing on New Immigrant Women: Perspective on Cultural Identity and Mother-Daughter Relationship","authors":"Shu-Chuan Chen, Chih-Hui Fang","doi":"10.14710/PAROLE.V8I2.72-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PAROLE.V8I2.72-80","url":null,"abstract":"Three different types of narrative writings from women who have recently immigrated to Taiwan are discussed here: oral/confessional narrative, textual narrative, and documentary films. The first is the primary kind of narrative writing produced while immigrant women are still struggling with the acquirement of a new language, and relies on help from local people to deliver the new immigrants’ voice. The textual narrative illustrates the mother figures in terms of madness or absence from home; emphasizing the conflict of mother-daughter relationships. The last type of narrative writing produced by newly immigrating women are the documentary films, which are shot by themselves and attempt to demonstrate the bravery of these new immigrant spouses in defending their rights. The results of this paper show that, through the narrative writings, female immigrants from Southeast Asia in Taiwan have produced a variety of issues and topics which create a link of dialogue with Taiwanese society, and which need to be understood. What is more, the process of constructing their new identity is worth discussing as it provides a new perspective on Asian ethnic and women’s writing, and uncovers the need for more research into diasporic women―studied from the approach of displacement.","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88564799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14710/parole.v8i2.81-86
Parole Parole
{"title":"Backmatter","authors":"Parole Parole","doi":"10.14710/parole.v8i2.81-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/parole.v8i2.81-86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82574765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14710/PAROLE.V8I2.52-56
Ali Badrudin, Akhmad Sofyan
Madura language faces an ironical condition where, as a widely-spoken local language at present, it does not have any standardized spelling which is hardly accepted by linguists of Madurese language. In addition, the spelling problem is a basic way to develop and construct a language. Literally, the spelling of Madura language in 2012 is a revision from the spelling of BM (Bahasa Madura) in 2003 by the users of the language who thought that the language is hard to use. Due to this reason, many observers of Madura language such as writers, men of letters and cultural observers suggested to simplify the use ofMadura language’s symbols. The method that is used in this research is a descriptive qualitative. The data collection is done by in depth interview circumtantially with the observers of Madura language who are specifically experts in three dialects (Sumenep, Pamekasan, and Bangkalan)
具有讽刺意味的是，作为目前广泛使用的当地语言，马杜罗语没有任何标准化的拼写，这很难被马杜罗语语言学家所接受。此外，拼写问题是发展和构建一门语言的基本途径。从字面上看，2012年的马杜拉语拼写是2003年该语言使用者认为该语言难以使用的BM (Bahasa Madura)拼写的修订。由于这个原因，许多马都拉语的观察者，如作家、文学家和文化观察者建议简化马都拉语符号的使用。在本研究中使用的方法是描述性定性的。数据的收集是通过与马杜拉语的观察者进行深入的采访来完成的，他们是三种方言(苏梅内普语、帕梅卡桑语和邦卡兰语)的专家。
{"title":"Problematics of Technical Preparation and Constraints in the Spelling System of Madurese Language","authors":"Ali Badrudin, Akhmad Sofyan","doi":"10.14710/PAROLE.V8I2.52-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PAROLE.V8I2.52-56","url":null,"abstract":"Madura language faces an ironical condition where, as a widely-spoken local language at present, it does not have any standardized spelling which is hardly accepted by linguists of Madurese language. In addition, the spelling problem is a basic way to develop and construct a language. Literally, the spelling of Madura language in 2012 is a revision from the spelling of BM (Bahasa Madura) in 2003 by the users of the language who thought that the language is hard to use. Due to this reason, many observers of Madura language such as writers, men of letters and cultural observers suggested to simplify the use ofMadura language’s symbols. The method that is used in this research is a descriptive qualitative. The data collection is done by in depth interview circumtantially with the observers of Madura language who are specifically experts in three dialects (Sumenep, Pamekasan, and Bangkalan)","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74260881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14710/parole.v8i2.i-iv
Parole Parole
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"Parole Parole","doi":"10.14710/parole.v8i2.i-iv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/parole.v8i2.i-iv","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30934,"journal":{"name":"Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75816392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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