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Insegnare italiano L2 ad adulti migranti di livello pre A1. Un’indagine sul territorio lombardo 为学前教育的成年移民教授意大利语L2。伦巴多地区的调查
Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V41P137
S. Gilardoni
In this paper we present the results of a survey, conducted in the Italian region of Lombardy, on teaching Italian as a second language to adult migrants at Pre A1 level of competence, i.e. in the case of semi-literate learners. The first purpose of this research was to describe the characteristics of the teaching practices of Italian as a second language in Pre A1 level courses for migrants, collecting data through a questionnaire addressed to teachers in adult education centres in Lombardy. Then, a broader objective was to encourage the teachers’ metacognitive thinking, in order to enhance and disseminate existing good practices and promote methodological innovation, with particular attention to the role of grammatical reflection in the case of semi-literate learners. After showing the theoretical framework and the methodology of the research, we analyse the collected data, which allow to outline some implications for teaching practice and teacher training.
在本文中,我们介绍了在意大利伦巴第地区进行的一项调查的结果,该调查是关于向A1前能力水平的成年移民(即半文盲学习者)教授意大利语作为第二语言的情况。这项研究的第一个目的是描述移民A1级预科课程中意大利语作为第二语言教学实践的特点,通过向伦巴第成人教育中心的教师发送问卷收集数据。然后,更广泛的目标是鼓励教师的元认知思维,以加强和传播现有的良好做法,促进方法创新,特别注意语法反射在半文盲学习者中的作用。在展示了研究的理论框架和方法之后,我们分析了收集到的数据,这些数据可以概述对教学实践和教师培训的一些启示。
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引用次数: 0
A23: facciamo il punto! 让我们回顾一下。
Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V41P101
Igor Deiana
Since the school year 2017/2018, for the first time, teachers that had successfully completed a structured course on teaching Italian as a foreign or second language have been included in the Italian public school staff. This moment is very important. In fact, for a long time the Italian public school had not had in its staff the highly qualified professionalism useful to face problems linked to learning Italian as a second language. Until the recruitment of A23 teachers, teachers identified as such, as per the February 2016 Decree of the President of the Italian Republic, the Italian school had attempted to face this situation by doing its best with the resource and the professionalism available. On the one hand, teachers not trained to deal with the foreign students had to do it; on the other, when skilled and trained teachers were required, they were recruited from specific calls outside the teacher’s school staff.  This paper addresses the investigation of the major steps that led to the inclusion in the Italian public school staff of people qualified to teach Lingua italiana per discenti di lingua straniera. The paper will also investigate the role and professionalism of A23 teachers in the Italian school. These reflections are based on data collected by a survey carried out during the school year 2018/2019, February to April 2019. Conducted by a self-administered online questionnaire entitled A23: Chi? Come? Dove? Quando? Perche?, it involved 76 A23 teachers.
自2017/2018学年以来,成功完成将意大利语作为外语或第二语言教学的结构化课程的教师首次被纳入意大利公立学校的工作人员中。这一刻非常重要。事实上,在很长一段时间里,意大利公立学校的教职员工中没有高素质的专业精神,这有助于解决与学习意大利语作为第二语言有关的问题。在招募A23教师之前,根据2016年2月意大利共和国总统令,这所意大利学校一直试图通过尽最大努力利用现有资源和专业知识来面对这种情况。一方面,没有受过培训的老师不得不去应付外国学生;另一方面,当需要熟练和训练有素的教师时,他们是从教师所在学校的工作人员以外的特定电话中征聘的。本文对导致意大利公立学校教职员工中有资格教授意大利语的主要步骤进行了调查。本文还将调查意大利学校A23教师的角色和专业精神。这些反思基于2018/2019学年(2019年2月至4月)进行的一项调查收集的数据。通过一份名为A23: Chi?来吗?鸽子?Quando吗?佩尔什?该事件涉及76名A23教师。
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引用次数: 0
Il muro della lingua. Stranieri residenti e apprendimento dell’italiano avanzato a Perugia 舌头墙。外国居民在佩鲁贾学习意大利语
Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V41P159
R. Vetrugno
The essay presents a research started in 2016 at the University for Foreigners of Perugia and dedicated to the learning of post-basic Italian by adult foreigners permanently residing in Perugia. The results of the survey will be published in a forthcoming volume entitled ‘ Il muro della lingua: stranieri residenti e l'apprendimento dell'italiano avanzato ’ ( The language barrier: resident foreigners and advanced Italian learning ). The first part addresses the issue of learning immigrants' identity, drawing on the definition of Straniero Residente proposed by Donatella Di Cesare. In the second part, I briefly describe the groups of informants and the structure of the questionnaire. The third section provides some examples and illustrates the methodological choices for the linguistics data analysis.
本文介绍了佩鲁贾外国人大学于2016年开始的一项研究,该研究致力于永久居住在佩鲁贾的成年外国人学习后基础意大利语。调查结果将发表在即将出版的题为《语言障碍:外籍居民和高级意大利语学习》的卷中。第一部分阐述了学习移民身份的问题,借鉴了Donatella Di Cesare提出的Straniero Residente的定义。在第二部分,我简要地描述了举报人的群体和问卷的结构。第三部分举例说明了语言学数据分析的方法论选择。
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引用次数: 0
Dal plain language all'easy-to-read per lettori con disabilità intellettive: oltre la semplificazione 从简单的语言到智能读者的易用性:超越简化
Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V41P199
Floriana Carlotta Sciumbata
This paper deals with the topic of text simplification discussing two models of writing that make texts easier to read and understand. First, it briefly discusses plain language, which has been debated in Italy since the beginning of the 1990s as a tool to improve government communication. However, even though several initiatives tried to promote it, it is still little used, and it has not defeated bureaucratese. Second, this paper presents “Easy-to-Read”, a model of linguistic adaptation designed to write texts that are easy to read and understand for people with intellectual disabilities. Its features of conciseness and simplicity also make it suitable for other categories with reading difficulties due to psychological and neuropsychiatric conditions, social factors, and/or poor knowledge of a language. Plain language and Easy-to-Read share several traits, although Easy-to-Read is a more specific application designed for readers with special needs. Easy-to-Read is a relatively new concept: several guidelines have already been created for some languages, along with the European ones, designed during the Pathways project by the European association Inclusion Europe. Yet, the existing guidelines often lack extensive linguistic indications and can prove insufficient to write proper easy-to-read texts. After presenting Easy-to-Read, the paper will discuss some methodological issues, such as some problems regarding the existing guidelines for the Italian version of Easy-toRead; the complexity of the needs of its recipient; and the absence of proofs, as Easy-toRead currently lacks a more scientific approach and further studies are still needed. Finally, the paper briefly discusses the need to spread both plain language and Easy-toRead in order to foster the participation in social life of people with reading difficulties or intellectual disabilities and promote their right to information.
本文以文本简化为主题,讨论了两种使文本更易于阅读和理解的写作模式。首先,它简要地讨论了通俗语言,自20世纪90年代初以来,作为一种改善政府沟通的工具,通俗语言在意大利一直备受争议。然而,尽管有几项倡议试图推动它,但它仍然很少被使用,而且它并没有击败官僚主义。其次,本文提出了“易读”,这是一种语言适应模式,旨在为智障人士编写易于阅读和理解的文本。它的简洁和简单的特点也使它适合于其他类别的阅读困难,由于心理和神经精神状况,社会因素,和/或语言知识贫乏。简单的语言和易于阅读有几个共同的特点,尽管易于阅读是为有特殊需要的读者设计的更具体的应用程序。“易读”是一个相对较新的概念:一些语言已经制定了一些指导方针,以及欧洲协会“包容欧洲”在“路径”项目期间设计的欧洲语言。然而,现有的指导方针往往缺乏广泛的语言指示,可能不足以编写适当的易于阅读的文本。在介绍easy - read之后,本文将讨论一些方法问题,例如关于意大利语版Easy-to-Read现有指南的一些问题;接受者需求的复杂性;缺乏证据,因为易读目前缺乏更科学的方法,还需要进一步的研究。最后,本文简要讨论了传播平实语言和易读语言的必要性,以促进阅读困难或智障人士参与社会生活,促进他们的知情权。
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引用次数: 1
Politica linguistica, democrazia e plurilinguismo: quali prospettive? 语言政策、民主和多种语言:前景如何?
Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V41P81
P. Biondi
From the point of view of political philosophy, the relationship between literacy and democracy appears quite problematic, if the issue of linguistic diversity is set aside. The debate between equalitarian liberals and multiculturalists emerging with the rise of multiculturalism as a theoretical paradigm has highlighted that the historical affirmation of the Western nation-state has been built upon the negation of internal linguistic diversity, favoring some languages over others, a trend which has not lost its strength with the advent of democracy. However, one of the main results of such debate, largely indebted to the Rawlsian conception of justice, has been seemingly the idea that the extended promotion of plurilingualism (that is, a kind of promotion which does not aim to support second or third language acquisition only for the benefit of the so called ‘minority’ or ‘disadvantaged’ groups and languages) could not be a viable alternative for contemporary democratic theory to ameliorate its performance. Drawing upon the field of language policy, this article envisages showing that such a result is tied to a certain number of theoretical assumptions concerning language, which are controversial both in political philosophy and in linguistic theory. In the final section, the article tries to provide some suggestions to develop a reflection more open towards the extended promotion of plurilingualism and to acknowledge the human ability to learn more than one linguistic code.
从政治哲学的角度来看,如果不考虑语言多样性的问题,读写能力与民主之间的关系似乎很有问题。随着多元文化主义作为一种理论范式的兴起,平等主义自由主义者与多元文化主义者之间的争论突显出,对西方民族国家的历史肯定是建立在对内部语言多样性的否定之上的,偏袒某些语言而不是其他语言,这一趋势并没有随着民主的到来而失去力量。然而,这种争论的主要结果之一,很大程度上归功于罗尔斯的正义概念,似乎是这样一种观点,即广泛推广多语制(即,一种不以支持第二或第三语言习得为目的的推广,只是为了所谓的“少数”或“弱势”群体和语言的利益)不能成为当代民主理论改善其表现的可行选择。借鉴语言政策领域,本文设想表明这样的结果与一定数量的语言理论假设有关,这些假设在政治哲学和语言理论中都是有争议的。在文章的最后一部分,本文试图提出一些建议,以发展一个更开放的反思,以扩大促进多语使用,并承认人类学习多种语言代码的能力。
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引用次数: 0
L’alfabeto con meno parabaleni. Una proposta per un’educazione alla letto-scrittura in italiano L2 con giovani e adulti scarsamente o non alfabetizzati nella L1 e scarsamente o non scolarizzati. 较少抛物线的字母表。一项用意大利语进行识字教育的建议
Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V41P181
Federica Rapetti
The systems for hospitality and social inclusion of migrants in Italy offer a privileged point of view for debating about language education policies. The challenge of literacy education and second language learning for young people and adults who are illiterate or scarcely literate and uneducated or scarcely educated requires thinking accurately about the impact one’s actions have in the pre-A1 level classes. The specific needs of asylum seekers and refugees may lead teachers to adopt means and attitudes of community-building, which could be useful even in a broader educational environment, and may be a chance to re-evaluate the political potential of literacy. We propose a path for literacy education where the aims are driven by the students’ needs of self-determination and involvement in our society: it is necessary to acquire oral competence in Italian as a second language, to develop the semiotic system of writing, to acquire phonological awareness, to master the use of pencil and paper, to understand what is written all around you. The proposal, rooted in acquisitional linguistics research, is intended to create a safe community environment, fruitful for interaction and learning. The development of this model is possible when the teacher and the students work and play together, and the class becomes a societal structure in which everybody takes part. Literacy classes can therefore become a training ground for democratic participation in society.
意大利的移民接待和社会包容制度为有关语言教育政策的辩论提供了一个有利的观点。扫盲教育和第二语言学习对不识字或几乎不识字、未受过教育或几乎没有受过教育的年轻人和成年人的挑战需要准确地思考一个人的行为对a1级前课程的影响。寻求庇护者和难民的具体需要可能导致教师采取社区建设的手段和态度,这甚至在更广泛的教育环境中可能是有用的,并且可能是重新评价识字的政治潜力的机会。我们提出了一条识字教育的道路,其目标是由学生自我决定和参与社会的需求驱动的:有必要获得意大利语作为第二语言的口语能力,发展写作的符号系统,获得语音意识,掌握铅笔和纸的使用,理解你周围写的东西。该提案植根于收购语言学研究,旨在创造一个安全的社区环境,促进互动和学习。当老师和学生一起工作和玩耍时,这种模式的发展是可能的,班级成为一个每个人都参与其中的社会结构。因此,扫盲班可以成为社会民主参与的训练场。
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引用次数: 0
Alfabetizzazione e literacy: un’introduzione 识字和扫盲:介绍
Pub Date : 2021-01-23 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V41P7
G. Fiorentino
Literacy is a complex notion that cannot be reduced to a dichotomy (literate / non-literate). In this paper we discuss the notion of literacy and we distinguish it from the Italian term alfabetizzazione , which is more based on schooling and reveals to be only partially reliable. We consider various national and international surveys which have been developed to measure the levels of literacy in world population so that results can be now compared and correlated with other development factors. The analysis of international surveys is the necessary milestone for increasing and improving educational policies in the world. In international surveys of this century, Italy has ranked among the states with the lowest literacy rates. It is, therefore, necessary to start from this framework and from the worrying persistence of adult functional illiterates in Italy to renew the commitment of the institutions in order to promote and increase literacy in our country.
识字是一个复杂的概念,不能简化为二分法(识字/不识字)。在本文中,我们讨论了识字的概念,并将其与意大利语中的alfabetizzazione区分开来,后者更多地基于学校教育,并且显示出只是部分可靠。我们审议了为衡量世界人口的识字水平而进行的各种国家和国际调查,以便现在可以比较结果并将其与其他发展因素联系起来。国际调查的分析是增加和改进世界各国教育政策的必要里程碑。在本世纪的国际调查中,意大利被列为识字率最低的国家之一。因此,有必要从这一框架出发,从意大利成人功能性文盲令人担忧的持续存在出发,重新作出各机构的承诺,以促进和增加我国的扫盲。
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引用次数: 1
Scuola e alfabetizzazione in Italia. Caratteri e limiti di una correlazione spuria 意大利的学校和识字。不纯相关性的特征和极限
Pub Date : 2021-01-23 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V41P29
A. Sobrero
The functional alphabetical competence and the competence in the matter of citizenship are closely interconnected in the training of the young person: their close functional link is well expressed and well-argued by the Recommendations of the Council of the European Union (in particular from that of 2018) within the general framework of key competences for learning, but in reality it occupies a strand of western thought that goes back so far as to be considered traditional, and takes up ideas and proposals advanced in the last half century mainly by Tullio De Mauro, through the principles of democratic linguistic education. The current cultural climate brings to the fore the link between language and citizenship and outlines a framework of educational obligations which the school cannot escape. But an examination of the limits and difficulties of the Italian school leads to downsizing the most advanced objectives, while aiming to respect the basic objectives indicated by the Council of the European Union. In conclusion, we propose a Decalogue of operational choices that take into account both the essential objectives that cannot be renounced and the current difficulties of the Italian school.
在对年轻人的培训中,功能性字母能力和公民身份方面的能力是密切相关的:欧盟理事会的建议(特别是2018年的建议)在学习关键能力的总体框架内很好地表达了它们之间的密切功能联系,并对此进行了很好的论证,但实际上,它占据了西方思想的一部分,可以追溯到迄今为止被认为是传统的,并通过民主语言教育的原则,吸收了过去半个世纪主要由图利奥·德·毛罗提出的思想和建议。当前的文化气候突出了语言与公民身份之间的联系,并概述了学校无法逃避的教育义务框架。但是,对意大利学校的限制和困难的审查导致缩小了最先进的目标,同时旨在尊重欧洲联盟理事会指出的基本目标。最后,我们提出一项行动选择十诫,既考虑到不能放弃的基本目标,也考虑到意大利学校目前的困难。
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引用次数: 0
Part 6 - Specialised Discourse in the Teaching and Learning Practice 第六部分:教学实践中的专业话语
Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V40P405
F. Bianchi
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引用次数: 0
Specialised Languages and Multimedia. Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Issues 专门语言和多媒体。语言和跨文化问题
Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V40
Elena Manca, F. Bianchi
This book collects academic works focusing on scientific and technical discourse and on the ways in which this type of discourse appears in or is shaped by multimedia products. The originality of this book is to be seen in the variety of approaches used and of the specialised languages investigated in relation to multimodal and multimedia genres. Contributions will particularly focus on new multimodal or multimedia forms of specialised discourse (in institutional, academic, technical, scientific, social or popular settings), linguistic features of specialised discourse in multimodal or multimedia genres, the popularisation of specialised knowledge in multimodal or multimedia genres, the impact of multimodality and multimediality on the construction of scientific and technical discourse, the impact of multimodality/multimediality in the practice and teaching of language, the impact of multimodality/multimediality in the practice and teaching of translation, new multimedia modes of knowledge dissemination, the translation/adaptation of scientific discourse in multimedia products. This volume contributes to the theory and practice of multimodal studies and translation, with a specific focus on specialized discourse.
这本书收集了学术著作,重点关注科学和技术话语,以及这种话语在多媒体产品中出现或被多媒体产品塑造的方式。这本书的原创性是在使用的各种方法和专门的语言调查有关的多模态和多媒体流派可见。贡献将特别集中在新的多模态或多媒体形式的专业话语(在机构,学术,技术,科学,社会或流行环境中),多模态或多媒体类型的专业话语的语言特征,多模态或多媒体类型的专业知识的普及,多模态和多媒体对科学和技术话语建设的影响,多模态/多媒体对语言实践和教学的影响,多模态/多媒体对翻译实践和教学的影响,知识传播的新多媒体模式,多媒体产品中科学话语的翻译/改编。本卷有助于理论和实践的多模态研究和翻译,特别侧重于专业话语。
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引用次数: 0
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