In ancient history, the most prominent writer on plant drugs was Dioscorides, “the father of pharmacognosy”. Between about 50-70 A.D. he wrote his fundamental work “De Materia Medica.” It was destined to be one of the most famous books on pharmacology and medicine but is also rich in horticulture and plant ecology. This classical work of ancient medicine, translated many times, offers plenty of data on the medical plants constituting the basic materia medica until the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The famous illustrated Greek recensions reorganized the information alphabetically: the Juliana Anicia Codex completed in 512 and the Codex Neapolitanus considered to be late 6th or early 7th century, and Morgan 652 produced between 927 and 985. „De Materia Medica” played a key role in the development of Tacuinum Sanitatis, which was written Ibn Buṭlān in the 11. century. These two books have had a great impact on Ms. 459 (Biblioteca Casanatense).
{"title":"Antik és középkori gyógynövénylisták","authors":"Edina Gradvohl","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"In ancient history, the most prominent writer on plant drugs was Dioscorides, “the father of pharmacognosy”. Between about 50-70 A.D. he wrote his fundamental work “De Materia Medica.” It was destined to be one of the most famous books on pharmacology and medicine but is also rich in horticulture and plant ecology. This classical work of ancient medicine, translated many times, offers plenty of data on the medical plants constituting the basic materia medica until the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The famous illustrated Greek recensions reorganized the information alphabetically: the Juliana Anicia Codex completed in 512 and the Codex Neapolitanus considered to be late 6th or early 7th century, and Morgan 652 produced between 927 and 985. „De Materia Medica” played a key role in the development of Tacuinum Sanitatis, which was written Ibn Buṭlān in the 11. century. These two books have had a great impact on Ms. 459 (Biblioteca Casanatense).","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper introduces a chapter in the textbook which used in ethnography in primary school. The topic of the chapter is a description of ethnographic landscapes and their characteristics. The method of research is content analysis. Using this method, I examined the occurrence of ethnographic landscapes and their role in the textbook chapter. The importance of the topic is to be found in the frequency of the landscape concept. In the study, I present the changes in the names of landscapes and the maps used in the textbook. I show how the lessons in the topic relate to ethnographic landscapes.
{"title":"Egy hon- és népismeret tankönyv néprajzi tájakról szóló fejezetének vizsgálata","authors":"Eszter Juhász","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper introduces a chapter in the textbook which used in ethnography in primary school. The topic of the chapter is a description of ethnographic landscapes and their characteristics. The method of research is content analysis. Using this method, I examined the occurrence of ethnographic landscapes and their role in the textbook chapter. The importance of the topic is to be found in the frequency of the landscape concept. In the study, I present the changes in the names of landscapes and the maps used in the textbook. I show how the lessons in the topic relate to ethnographic landscapes.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the beginning of the 18th century the agricultural town of Makó (oppidum) became incorporated into the Bishopric of Csanád. As a consequence, the bishop-landowners obtained the rights and obligations of jurisdiction (impensio) over their serfs. In the town, developing into an economic and administrative centre, jurisdiction outside the Manor Courts (sedes dominalis) had existed from the very beginning. Their aims were fast and effective jurisdiction. Between 1717 and 1805 plenipotentiary representatives exercised this right. However, from the first decade of the 19th century it was the manor prosecutors (fiscalis) who discharged primary jurisdiction. László Kőszeghi, a bishop-landowner, at the same time (1805) as organising the estate of Makó, had also reformed he jurisdiction outside the Manor Courts. A separate representative led the administrative and economic offices. In the spirit of the legislation of 1836, the Bishopric had also established oral lawsuits in the court of justice in Makó; this had later replaced the administrative office. In 1838 – also according to legislation – criminal courts dealing with compulsory labour were organised, primarily to prevent the refusal of work by serfs resentful for the incresing burden falling on them.
{"title":"Úriszéken kívüli bíráskodás a Csanádi Püspökség Makói Uradalmában","authors":"Zsolt Urbancsok","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of the 18th century the agricultural town of Makó (oppidum) became incorporated into the Bishopric of Csanád. As a consequence, the bishop-landowners obtained the rights and obligations of jurisdiction (impensio) over their serfs. In the town, developing into an economic and administrative centre, jurisdiction outside the Manor Courts (sedes dominalis) had existed from the very beginning. Their aims were fast and effective jurisdiction. Between 1717 and 1805 plenipotentiary representatives exercised this right. However, from the first decade of the 19th century it was the manor prosecutors (fiscalis) who discharged primary jurisdiction. László Kőszeghi, a bishop-landowner, at the same time (1805) as organising the estate of Makó, had also reformed he jurisdiction outside the Manor Courts. A separate representative led the administrative and economic offices. In the spirit of the legislation of 1836, the Bishopric had also established oral lawsuits in the court of justice in Makó; this had later replaced the administrative office. In 1838 – also according to legislation – criminal courts dealing with compulsory labour were organised, primarily to prevent the refusal of work by serfs resentful for the incresing burden falling on them.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study I examine two families in the Angevin era between 1308 (Szécsi’s first appearance in the elite) to 1359 (death of Lack from kindred Hermán). They had baronial dignities at royal court: Lackfi’s were masters of horses (from 1326 until 1396), many members of the Szécsi family were the stewards under reign Charles I and Louis I of Hungary. I analysed these two families and I focused to the first and second generation. In the end we can see which were differences between them and their king’s personal policy with elite. In the elite there was main changes between first years and the middle of the 14th century.
{"title":"Család és politika az Anjou-korban","authors":"C. Farkas","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study I examine two families in the Angevin era between 1308 (Szécsi’s first appearance in the elite) to 1359 (death of Lack from kindred Hermán). They had baronial dignities at royal court: Lackfi’s were masters of horses (from 1326 until 1396), many members of the Szécsi family were the stewards under reign Charles I and Louis I of Hungary. I analysed these two families and I focused to the first and second generation. In the end we can see which were differences between them and their king’s personal policy with elite. In the elite there was main changes between first years and the middle of the 14th century.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper will compare the epigraphic evidence of the centurions from the pannonian legio II adiutrix with those of the centurions of the legio VI victrix from Britain. The research will consider the seemingly similar amounts of epigraphic evidence from both legions, with particular consideration to the approximately equal time spent by both legions in their own garrisons, in Aquincum and in Eburacum, as well as the geographical factors. Whilst there has been much research into the legio II adiutrix, little has been documented with regard to the centurions’ careers. This paper will summarise the military history of both legions and emphasize the differences between them, specifically the promotions and transfers of the centurions that occurred within their careers.
{"title":"A LEGIO II ADIVTRIX centurióinak karrierjei","authors":"Gábor Berecz","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will compare the epigraphic evidence of the centurions from the pannonian legio II adiutrix with those of the centurions of the legio VI victrix from Britain. The research will consider the seemingly similar amounts of epigraphic evidence from both legions, with particular consideration to the approximately equal time spent by both legions in their own garrisons, in Aquincum and in Eburacum, as well as the geographical factors. Whilst there has been much research into the legio II adiutrix, little has been documented with regard to the centurions’ careers. This paper will summarise the military history of both legions and emphasize the differences between them, specifically the promotions and transfers of the centurions that occurred within their careers.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examines the relations of Keszthely, the Lackfi-family and the local Franciscan church trough the revision of the written sources. It emphasizes, that the monks had appeared in Keszthely at least one decade before the baron family got hold of the village, which means, that the Lackfis weren’t the founders of the cloister, as it’s considered by the local tradition. Analysing the 1368 papal mandate, that arranged the conflict of the local vicar and the Franciscans, it draws attention to the fact, that the monks didn’t have supporters or an own church at those time. Based on these circumstances it queries the consciousness of the foundation and proposes the spontaneous appearance of the Franciscans. It also emphasizes, that the baron family began to support the monks only in the late 14th century, moreover, Stephan II. Lackfi appointed his future burial place deliberately in the Franciscans’ Holy Mary-temple in Keszthely.
{"title":"A keszthelyi ferences kolostor alapításának körülményei","authors":"Péter Galambosi","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the relations of Keszthely, the Lackfi-family and the local Franciscan church trough the revision of the written sources. It emphasizes, that the monks had appeared in Keszthely at least one decade before the baron family got hold of the village, which means, that the Lackfis weren’t the founders of the cloister, as it’s considered by the local tradition. Analysing the 1368 papal mandate, that arranged the conflict of the local vicar and the Franciscans, it draws attention to the fact, that the monks didn’t have supporters or an own church at those time. Based on these circumstances it queries the consciousness of the foundation and proposes the spontaneous appearance of the Franciscans. It also emphasizes, that the baron family began to support the monks only in the late 14th century, moreover, Stephan II. Lackfi appointed his future burial place deliberately in the Franciscans’ Holy Mary-temple in Keszthely.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
German flying lieutenant Werner von Bülow was killed by a Romanian soldier at 7 a.m. on May 8, 1920. He received a gunshot wound during the crossing from the left bank of the Maros to the Hungarian side, which came under Romanian control, which caused him such severe internal bleeding that he died of the injury on the Maros bank, on the Hungarian side. He was only 23 years old when he died. Bülow was released from French captivity and wanted to return to Germany with his companion, German flight lieutenant Franz Clemens Schiffer. Schiffer luckily survived the incident. The case gained wider publicity after the mistaken belief that Werner von Bülow was the son of General Karl von Bülow and the grandson of Chancellor Bülow arose. With the deep condolences of the population, Werner von Bülow was buried in the Lutheran cemetery in Makó at the expense of the town. A memorial column was erected on his grave from a public donation. The monument is still there today in a heavily cracked state. Werner von Bülow received the II. and the German military award of the First Class Iron Cross. Werner von Bülow is also included in the Hungarian National Archives database of World War I casualties. The article describes the circumstances of the murder, burial and memorial.
{"title":"Werner von Bülow német repülő tüzér hadnagy halála","authors":"Imre Orbán","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"German flying lieutenant Werner von Bülow was killed by a Romanian soldier at 7 a.m. on May 8, 1920. He received a gunshot wound during the crossing from the left bank of the Maros to the Hungarian side, which came under Romanian control, which caused him such severe internal bleeding that he died of the injury on the Maros bank, on the Hungarian side. He was only 23 years old when he died. Bülow was released from French captivity and wanted to return to Germany with his companion, German flight lieutenant Franz Clemens Schiffer. Schiffer luckily survived the incident. The case gained wider publicity after the mistaken belief that Werner von Bülow was the son of General Karl von Bülow and the grandson of Chancellor Bülow arose. With the deep condolences of the population, Werner von Bülow was buried in the Lutheran cemetery in Makó at the expense of the town. A memorial column was erected on his grave from a public donation. The monument is still there today in a heavily cracked state. Werner von Bülow received the II. and the German military award of the First Class Iron Cross. Werner von Bülow is also included in the Hungarian National Archives database of World War I casualties. The article describes the circumstances of the murder, burial and memorial.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study provides an overview of the history of the town of Makó between 1944 and 1990. From the Soviet occupation to the change of regime, the most important economic, social and cultural changes of the Rákosi and Kádár eras can be seen. It touches on the major points of socialization, the co-operative farm organizations, deals with the demographic conditions of the era and the elimination of the pluralism of political and cultural life.
{"title":"Urbanizáció és változó fejlődés a létező szocializmusban","authors":"Géza Forgó","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study provides an overview of the history of the town of Makó between 1944 and 1990. From the Soviet occupation to the change of regime, the most important economic, social and cultural changes of the Rákosi and Kádár eras can be seen. It touches on the major points of socialization, the co-operative farm organizations, deals with the demographic conditions of the era and the elimination of the pluralism of political and cultural life.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the French philosophical works devoted to the theme of travel during the second half of the 18th century, we note the persistence of reflection on the questions to be asked of the inhabitants of the countries visited. Several times, models accompany him. This phenomenon is inseparable from the development of French statistical thought and the perceptible „exploratory fever” of the last years of the Ancien Régime. The study reconstructs the process going from Diderot’s propositions to Volney’s Statistical Questions and to the descriptive statistics initiatives of the Napoleonian era. As it turns out, lists of questions form the basis of observation and description each time. This provides us with a very important detail to understand the recognition processes of the turn of the 18th-19th centuries.
{"title":"Statisztika-e az útleírás?","authors":"Géza Szász","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the French philosophical works devoted to the theme of travel during the second half of the 18th century, we note the persistence of reflection on the questions to be asked of the inhabitants of the countries visited. Several times, models accompany him. This phenomenon is inseparable from the development of French statistical thought and the perceptible „exploratory fever” of the last years of the Ancien Régime. The study reconstructs the process going from Diderot’s propositions to Volney’s Statistical Questions and to the descriptive statistics initiatives of the Napoleonian era. As it turns out, lists of questions form the basis of observation and description each time. This provides us with a very important detail to understand the recognition processes of the turn of the 18th-19th centuries.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The formation of the monarchy of the estates, as a complex process, also could not be separated from the development of the geopolitical and social conditions in the southwestern corner of our continent, on the Iberian Peninsula. There, in the state development, the Kingdom of Aragon reached the furthest, as evidenced by its written sources. In our article, we do not intend to deal with the possibilities of comparison, nor with the question of which contemporary European letter of privilege may have influenced one (or possibly several) others. Instead, keeping in mind the peripheral familiarity of the Iberian Middle Ages in Hungary, we will try to bring the Aragonese example of medieval royal letters of privilege closer to the readers, primarily based on local bibliography. We do this by presenting the path and background leading to it, in the broader context of state development on the Iberian Peninsula.
{"title":"Fejezetek a középkori Ibér-félsziget állam- és jogtörténetéből","authors":"Levente Igaz","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of the monarchy of the estates, as a complex process, also could not be separated from the development of the geopolitical and social conditions in the southwestern corner of our continent, on the Iberian Peninsula. There, in the state development, the Kingdom of Aragon reached the furthest, as evidenced by its written sources. In our article, we do not intend to deal with the possibilities of comparison, nor with the question of which contemporary European letter of privilege may have influenced one (or possibly several) others. Instead, keeping in mind the peripheral familiarity of the Iberian Middle Ages in Hungary, we will try to bring the Aragonese example of medieval royal letters of privilege closer to the readers, primarily based on local bibliography. We do this by presenting the path and background leading to it, in the broader context of state development on the Iberian Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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