{"title":"Egy elfeledett hadjárat csatái és mindennapjai","authors":"A. Erdős","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In my paper I analyze a raid led by the Hussites to the north-west region of the Hungarian Kingdom in February 1428. According to the previous opinion of the historiography of the topic, the route of the campaign was the following: after leaving Bohemia, and crossing the Lesser Carpathians, the Bohemians marched toward Bratislava, and, while attacking and burning down smaller settlements along the way, they turned to Nagyszombat then back to Bohemia. In my study, I examine the relevant charters, letters, and narrative sources of the raid, and I present the information about the defensive actions taken by the king and the magnates of Hungary in the 1420s against the Hussites. Furthermore, I summarize the warfare strategies of the Hussites, including the phenomenon of the so-called “small wars.” By the demonstration of the mentioned aspects, I intend to present a new interpretation concerning the Bohemian raid in 1428. My opinion is that Hussites, after they crossed the Lesser Carpathians in early February, marched not on Bratislava, but they split into two parts. The main troop of the army marched on Nagyszombat and conducted war activities there for the next two weeks. Only a small group of Hussites left toward Bratislava; the latter’s strategy was only rapid predation, accompanied by arson, in order to divide the Hungarian defensive contingents.
{"title":"A huszita betörés a Magyar Királyságba 1428 februárjában","authors":"Iván Kis","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"In my paper I analyze a raid led by the Hussites to the north-west region of the Hungarian Kingdom in February 1428. According to the previous opinion of the historiography of the topic, the route of the campaign was the following: after leaving Bohemia, and crossing the Lesser Carpathians, the Bohemians marched toward Bratislava, and, while attacking and burning down smaller settlements along the way, they turned to Nagyszombat then back to Bohemia. In my study, I examine the relevant charters, letters, and narrative sources of the raid, and I present the information about the defensive actions taken by the king and the magnates of Hungary in the 1420s against the Hussites. Furthermore, I summarize the warfare strategies of the Hussites, including the phenomenon of the so-called “small wars.” By the demonstration of the mentioned aspects, I intend to present a new interpretation concerning the Bohemian raid in 1428. My opinion is that Hussites, after they crossed the Lesser Carpathians in early February, marched not on Bratislava, but they split into two parts. The main troop of the army marched on Nagyszombat and conducted war activities there for the next two weeks. Only a small group of Hussites left toward Bratislava; the latter’s strategy was only rapid predation, accompanied by arson, in order to divide the Hungarian defensive contingents.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aurelius Augustine, bishop of Hippo wrote several works during his life, the registration and the reading of which meant a real challenge for his contemporaries. When he was old between 427 and 430 AD, he spent a great part of his time on re-reading his works created so far, recording them into a list and correcting them. In this big project his friars helped him in the monastery of Hippo and a body of secretaries supported him as well as, consisting of notaries and church scribes, which was operated as „an information environment„ and it provided a background for performing this task, and also for the copying and distribution of Augustine’s works. While this project was progressing, he was writing and more precisely dictating a work entitled Retractationes (Reconsiderations in English) that he created a new genre with in the same way as his work, Confessions. In this work the bishop of Hippo brought together his earlier works which were written and published since his conversion with the exception of Sermons and Letters. In the case of each work he began the chapter with its title and named the person whom he dedicated his work to, then he briefly described the conditions under which his work was written and its objective. This listis not only interesting for the researchers of his life-work because it revealed which works of the bishop of Hippo were not been left for us, but here Augustine criticized himself severely to preserve and present the coherence of his views and writings. This register was not prepared only for self-examination, but also for later church use, since using it, the works created by Augustine could be well distinguished from those ones which were distributed under his name and referring to his prestige. The other source of the list of his works was his biographer, Possidius’ Indiculum (i.e. an indiculus means list or catalogue of works) that he placed at the end of Augustine of Hippo’s biography. This catalogue categorized the works according to the aspect whose heresies they were written against, involving works against pagans, Pelagians and Donatists, etc. This categorization had a great impact on the way how the succeeding generations approach and interprete Augustine’s activity.
{"title":"Két késő antik publikációs lista","authors":"Hajnalka Óbis","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Aurelius Augustine, bishop of Hippo wrote several works during his life, the registration and the reading of which meant a real challenge for his contemporaries. When he was old between 427 and 430 AD, he spent a great part of his time on re-reading his works created so far, recording them into a list and correcting them. In this big project his friars helped him in the monastery of Hippo and a body of secretaries supported him as well as, consisting of notaries and church scribes, which was operated as „an information environment„ and it provided a background for performing this task, and also for the copying and distribution of Augustine’s works. While this project was progressing, he was writing and more precisely dictating a work entitled Retractationes (Reconsiderations in English) that he created a new genre with in the same way as his work, Confessions. In this work the bishop of Hippo brought together his earlier works which were written and published since his conversion with the exception of Sermons and Letters. In the case of each work he began the chapter with its title and named the person whom he dedicated his work to, then he briefly described the conditions under which his work was written and its objective. This listis not only interesting for the researchers of his life-work because it revealed which works of the bishop of Hippo were not been left for us, but here Augustine criticized himself severely to preserve and present the coherence of his views and writings. This register was not prepared only for self-examination, but also for later church use, since using it, the works created by Augustine could be well distinguished from those ones which were distributed under his name and referring to his prestige. The other source of the list of his works was his biographer, Possidius’ Indiculum (i.e. an indiculus means list or catalogue of works) that he placed at the end of Augustine of Hippo’s biography. This catalogue categorized the works according to the aspect whose heresies they were written against, involving works against pagans, Pelagians and Donatists, etc. This categorization had a great impact on the way how the succeeding generations approach and interprete Augustine’s activity.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1890s, the capital began to develop rapidly, and its area grew steadily, which also had a significant effect on the spatial layout of the city center. Although it was still registered as a separate district at that time, it was in fact divided into three separate parts. According to witnesses to the urban development, the merchants were concentrated in the vicinity of Váci Street. The center of the magnates’ residence was Szép utca, and the student body was located in the catchment area of Zöldfa utca. The most important social center of Budapest was established here. In addition to the shopping streets, the public venues for the cultural life of the populated part of the city were the cafés. If we can believe the estimates, in the capital under construction, in the early 1890s, 250 cafés and 700 coffee measurements awaited its guests. In the former Pilvax café at the end of the century, only an ornate marble plaque reminded us of the glorious revolutionary days. At the end of the century, Jókai set up a memorial to the Public Table in his novel Political Fashions, which was a permanent gathering place for revolutionary guests. The aim of my study is to show what difficulties the café had to go through in the last years of its existence and the reasons that led to its demolition, which finally took place in 1913
{"title":"Kávéház és emlékezetpolitika","authors":"V. Baliga","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1890s, the capital began to develop rapidly, and its area grew steadily, which also had a significant effect on the spatial layout of the city center. Although it was still registered as a separate district at that time, it was in fact divided into three separate parts. According to witnesses to the urban development, the merchants were concentrated in the vicinity of Váci Street. The center of the magnates’ residence was Szép utca, and the student body was located in the catchment area of Zöldfa utca. The most important social center of Budapest was established here. In addition to the shopping streets, the public venues for the cultural life of the populated part of the city were the cafés. If we can believe the estimates, in the capital under construction, in the early 1890s, 250 cafés and 700 coffee measurements awaited its guests. In the former Pilvax café at the end of the century, only an ornate marble plaque reminded us of the glorious revolutionary days. At the end of the century, Jókai set up a memorial to the Public Table in his novel Political Fashions, which was a permanent gathering place for revolutionary guests. The aim of my study is to show what difficulties the café had to go through in the last years of its existence and the reasons that led to its demolition, which finally took place in 1913","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the long history of the study of lists and Listenwissenschaft resulted numerous findings and theories of its cognitive origins, cultural significance, functionality and use, there are surprisingly only a few accounts about the diverse graphic methods of presenting lists. In my essay I examine the visual representation of lists in a historical perspective. My commentary is based on previous information graphics taxonomies and I propose a simple framework to classification of the visual forms of lists.
{"title":"Amiket Eco nem mutat meg","authors":"Attila Bátorfy","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"While the long history of the study of lists and Listenwissenschaft resulted numerous findings and theories of its cognitive origins, cultural significance, functionality and use, there are surprisingly only a few accounts about the diverse graphic methods of presenting lists. In my essay I examine the visual representation of lists in a historical perspective. My commentary is based on previous information graphics taxonomies and I propose a simple framework to classification of the visual forms of lists.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vitairattal nem vitatkozva","authors":"András A. Gergely","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The National Archives of Hungary, the Research Centre for the Humanities and the Katona József Museum of Kecskemét have collaborated with the aim of reconstructing the medieval and early modern period settlement network and administration of the southern part of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve region. During the works all available medieval sources and Ottoman tax registers (including four sanjak surveys, four poll tax defters, three timar defters, and about eighty daybook registers) were processed. In parallel, a profound analysis of the medieval charters was carried out, as well as the topographic identification of the settlements with the help of historical maps and satellite images. The selected sample area was the Nahiye of Zombor and the Nahiye of Baja, which existed in the western part of the Sanjak of Szeged, roughly covering the territory of the medieval Bodrog county. Research has shown that mass analysis of defters results in far more topographic data than examination of individual defters. Using both medieval charters and Ottoman sources, we can reconstruct a more accurate picture of the settlement network of the sample area.
{"title":"A török defterek topográfiai adatainak felhasználása, mint a településhálózat rekonstruálásának eszköze","authors":"Miklós Fóti, István Pánya","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The National Archives of Hungary, the Research Centre for the Humanities and the Katona József Museum of Kecskemét have collaborated with the aim of reconstructing the medieval and early modern period settlement network and administration of the southern part of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve region. During the works all available medieval sources and Ottoman tax registers (including four sanjak surveys, four poll tax defters, three timar defters, and about eighty daybook registers) were processed. In parallel, a profound analysis of the medieval charters was carried out, as well as the topographic identification of the settlements with the help of historical maps and satellite images. The selected sample area was the Nahiye of Zombor and the Nahiye of Baja, which existed in the western part of the Sanjak of Szeged, roughly covering the territory of the medieval Bodrog county. Research has shown that mass analysis of defters results in far more topographic data than examination of individual defters. Using both medieval charters and Ottoman sources, we can reconstruct a more accurate picture of the settlement network of the sample area.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The topographical and morphological investigations of the medieval and early modern market towns in the area of Ottoman Hungary are a neglected topic of research in Hungary and abroad. This also applies to Bács, which was one of the most important centres of the southern part of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve Region in the late Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The internal structure of the market town could be reconstructed based on written sources from the 15th – 19th centuries, as well as from recent archaeological research. Of particular importance are 16th-century Ottoman defters and the 17th-century travel description of Evliya Çelebi, which provide valuable information about the market town’s quarters and ecclesiastical buildings. The sources clearly show that the settlement’s urban structure has preserved its medieval layout both in the Turkish period and in the modern era.
{"title":"Bács mezőváros középkori és kora újkori térszerkezete","authors":"Miklós Fóti, István Pánya","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The topographical and morphological investigations of the medieval and early modern market towns in the area of Ottoman Hungary are a neglected topic of research in Hungary and abroad. This also applies to Bács, which was one of the most important centres of the southern part of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve Region in the late Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The internal structure of the market town could be reconstructed based on written sources from the 15th – 19th centuries, as well as from recent archaeological research. Of particular importance are 16th-century Ottoman defters and the 17th-century travel description of Evliya Çelebi, which provide valuable information about the market town’s quarters and ecclesiastical buildings. The sources clearly show that the settlement’s urban structure has preserved its medieval layout both in the Turkish period and in the modern era.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gyermekélet egykor és ma történeti- és jelenkutatásban","authors":"András A. Gergely","doi":"10.14232/belv.2022.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66823893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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