Amongst the early Latin, pre-benedictine monastic legislative texts there is a rule called “Regula Orientalis” conserved in the Codex Regularum of Saint Benedict of Aniane. Although it says nothing about its author and the community it was written to, it is easy to discover that its text quotes a lot from the Latin version of Saint Pachomius’ Rule translated by Saint Jerome and from an other source very close to the early rules of Lerins, particularly to the so called Second rule of the Fathers. The Regula Orientalis is a detailed presentation of the most important monastic charges beginning with to abbot and the prior arriving to the doorkeeper and the kitchen service. According to the theory of A. de Vogue, one of the greatest scholars of the early western monasticism, the Regula Orientalis was born in the first decades of the 6th century in Gaul, maybe in a monastery in the Jura mountains, and it is a fusion between the lost rule of Lerins written by abbot Marinus and the pachomian institutions. The article presents the first Hungarian translation of the rule followed by a study of its major features and of its possible dating.
在早期拉丁语中，本笃会之前的修道院立法文本中，有一条被称为“Regula Orientalis”的规则保存在圣本笃的法典中。虽然它没有提到作者和它所写的群体，但很容易发现，它的文本大量引用了圣杰罗姆翻译的拉丁版《圣帕科米乌斯规则》，以及非常接近勒林早期规则的其他来源，特别是所谓的“教父第二规则”。《东方规则》详细介绍了最重要的修道院收费，从住持开始，到守门人和厨房服务。根据早期西方修道主义最伟大的学者之一a . de Vogue的理论，《东方律法》诞生于6世纪头几十年的高卢，可能是在汝拉山脉的一所修道院，它是由修道院院长马里努斯(Marinus)撰写的失落的勒林(Lerins)统治和帕科米安(pachomian)制度的融合。本文介绍了该规则的第一个匈牙利语翻译，随后研究了其主要特征及其可能的年代。
{"title":"Nyugati életszabály, keleti ihletettség a 6. század eleji latin szerzetesség világából","authors":"Izsák Baán","doi":"10.14232/belv.2020.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2020.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Amongst the early Latin, pre-benedictine monastic legislative texts there is a rule called “Regula Orientalis” conserved in the Codex Regularum of Saint Benedict of Aniane. Although it says nothing about its author and the community it was written to, it is easy to discover that its text quotes a lot from the Latin version of Saint Pachomius’ Rule translated by Saint Jerome and from an other source very close to the early rules of Lerins, particularly to the so called Second rule of the Fathers. The Regula Orientalis is a detailed presentation of the most important monastic charges beginning with to abbot and the prior arriving to the doorkeeper and the kitchen service. According to the theory of A. de Vogue, one of the greatest scholars of the early western monasticism, the Regula Orientalis was born in the first decades of the 6th century in Gaul, maybe in a monastery in the Jura mountains, and it is a fusion between the lost rule of Lerins written by abbot Marinus and the pachomian institutions. The article presents the first Hungarian translation of the rule followed by a study of its major features and of its possible dating.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":"17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hungarian’s early Christianity began with Gyula’s baptism. Hierotheos monk-bishop came with him to evangelize. His workcenter was in Gyula’s territorium: before in Tiszantul, after in Erdely and Ajtony’s territorium, fi nally his successors were Abot-Bishops of the eastern Christian Monasteries (Szavaszentdemeter, Oroszlamos). His successor, Ioannes had already became a Metropolita (Archbishop).
{"title":"A Gyulák és a magyarok korai kereszténysége","authors":"Éva Révész","doi":"10.14232/belv.2020.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2020.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Hungarian’s early Christianity began with Gyula’s baptism. Hierotheos monk-bishop came with him to evangelize. His workcenter was in Gyula’s territorium: before in Tiszantul, after in Erdely and Ajtony’s territorium, fi nally his successors were Abot-Bishops of the eastern Christian Monasteries (Szavaszentdemeter, Oroszlamos). His successor, Ioannes had already became a Metropolita (Archbishop).","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resilience thinking has become an increasingly popular topic in both academic and policy-making circles due to its normative interpretation, which assumes that resilience is the opposite of vulnerability. Vulnerable groups, communities, settlements, regions and nations have a greater likelihood of facing more serious consequences in the event of unpredictable, negative shocks. Based on this view, in general, rural communities and regions can be considered more vulnerable and hence less resilient to unknown, negative events, as the subsistence of these communities is more closely linked to their environments rather than to people living in urban areas. This is further exacerbated by the path dependence of having a post-socialist past: the ‘legacy’ of socialism that, in many cases, includes a relatively disadvantageous position, backwardness and intensification of peripheralisation processes. While there is no consensus on the concept of resilience itself, there are several approaches and perspectives related to possibly detecting signs of its existence in rural communities. Our aim to present how the notion of resilience can be operationalised at the farm level in post-socialist contexts based on three different perspectives in order to contribute resilience thinking related to post-socialist discourses. We illustrate how rural community resilience may be conceptualised based on the example of the grapeand wine-producing communities of Soltvadkert, Hungary and the Minis-Maderat wine region, Romania. Based on our qualitative methodological results, it can be stated that the resilience of a community or group, its properties reflecting resilience can be interpreted in several ways, which is partly location-dependent, partly path-dependent, however, it is highly dependent not
{"title":"Community resilience in post-socialist rural areas","authors":"S. Papp","doi":"10.14232/BELV.2020.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/BELV.2020.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Resilience thinking has become an increasingly popular topic in both academic and policy-making circles due to its normative interpretation, which assumes that resilience is the opposite of vulnerability. Vulnerable groups, communities, settlements, regions and nations have a greater likelihood of facing more serious consequences in the event of unpredictable, negative shocks. Based on this view, in general, rural communities and regions can be considered more vulnerable and hence less resilient to unknown, negative events, as the subsistence of these communities is more closely linked to their environments rather than to people living in urban areas. This is further exacerbated by the path dependence of having a post-socialist past: the ‘legacy’ of socialism that, in many cases, includes a relatively disadvantageous position, backwardness and intensification of peripheralisation processes. While there is no consensus on the concept of resilience itself, there are several approaches and perspectives related to possibly detecting signs of its existence in rural communities. Our aim to present how the notion of resilience can be operationalised at the farm level in post-socialist contexts based on three different perspectives in order to contribute resilience thinking related to post-socialist discourses. We illustrate how rural community resilience may be conceptualised based on the example of the grapeand wine-producing communities of Soltvadkert, Hungary and the Minis-Maderat wine region, Romania. Based on our qualitative methodological results, it can be stated that the resilience of a community or group, its properties reflecting resilience can be interpreted in several ways, which is partly location-dependent, partly path-dependent, however, it is highly dependent not","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":"59-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our paper focuses on the socio-demographic segmentation of dimensions of digital inequalities introduced by DiMaggio and Hargittai (2001). These dimensions include technical apparatus, autonomy of use, ICT skills, social support and purpose of use. We conducted our investigation on the Hungarian subsample of the PISA 2015 dataset, from which we applied variables on ICT use to reveal differences between boys and girls, and by socio-economic and cultural status of students in these dimensions. According to our analysis there are gendered differences as well as differences by socio-economic status regarding dimensions of digital inequalities. Our results can contribute to further research to better understand the relationship between digital inequalities and other dimensions.
{"title":"Digital inequalities by gender and socio-economic status among Hungarian students based on PISA 2015","authors":"A. Vincze","doi":"10.14232/BELV.2020.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/BELV.2020.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Our paper focuses on the socio-demographic segmentation of dimensions of digital inequalities introduced by DiMaggio and Hargittai (2001). These dimensions include technical apparatus, autonomy of use, ICT skills, social support and purpose of use. We conducted our investigation on the Hungarian subsample of the PISA 2015 dataset, from which we applied variables on ICT use to reveal differences between boys and girls, and by socio-economic and cultural status of students in these dimensions. According to our analysis there are gendered differences as well as differences by socio-economic status regarding dimensions of digital inequalities. Our results can contribute to further research to better understand the relationship between digital inequalities and other dimensions.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"36 1","pages":"86-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article argues that the electronically mediated communication contributes to the construction of new, mediated forms of communities the functions of which to foster communities of interest, information spread, and equality of status all work to enhance social capital, despite their lack of direct physical orientation. The mediated, networked individuals treat these mediated communities as real. Therefore the appearance of these new forms of communities leads to the new conceptualization of the relation between self and community. The essence of community can be regarded as a kind of networked individualism in which the networked individuals can chose their own communities, rather than are fitted into them with others involuntarily. Thus the new, mediated form of community implies an individual-center existence and weaker social ties. The new technologies foster communication links outside the individuals’ immediate social surrounds. The aim of this article is to show that the medium of the mediatization and new conceptualization of community is a specific, pictorial language of electronically mediated communication.
{"title":"Self, community and language in the network society","authors":"Gábor Szécsi","doi":"10.14232/BELV.2020.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/BELV.2020.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article argues that the electronically mediated communication contributes to the construction of new, mediated forms of communities the functions of which to foster communities of interest, information spread, and equality of status all work to enhance social capital, despite their lack of direct physical orientation. The mediated, networked individuals treat these mediated communities as real. Therefore the appearance of these new forms of communities leads to the new conceptualization of the relation between self and community. The essence of community can be regarded as a kind of networked individualism in which the networked individuals can chose their own communities, rather than are fitted into them with others involuntarily. Thus the new, mediated form of community implies an individual-center existence and weaker social ties. The new technologies foster communication links outside the individuals’ immediate social surrounds. The aim of this article is to show that the medium of the mediatization and new conceptualization of community is a specific, pictorial language of electronically mediated communication.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Öt könyv, melyeket talán mindenkinek ismernie kellene","authors":"András A. Gergely","doi":"10.14232/BELV.2020.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/BELV.2020.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":"129-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper introduces results of the research conducted by the Oral History and History Education Research Group (OHERG) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at the University of Szeged. One of the assumptions of this research is that testimony-based lesson using multimedia devices and an appropriate methodology can develop students’ empathy and proper skills necessary to active citizenship. Analyzing the results of the qualitative and quantitative questionnaires we seek for the answers concerning the proper pedagogical aim in order to develop our students’ empathy, critical thinking and democratic values.
{"title":"Teaching about the Holocaust using video testimonies","authors":"M. Mezei","doi":"10.14232/BELV.2020.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/BELV.2020.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper introduces results of the research conducted by the Oral History and History Education Research Group (OHERG) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at the University of Szeged. One of the assumptions of this research is that testimony-based lesson using multimedia devices and an appropriate methodology can develop students’ empathy and proper skills necessary to active citizenship. Analyzing the results of the qualitative and quantitative questionnaires we seek for the answers concerning the proper pedagogical aim in order to develop our students’ empathy, critical thinking and democratic values.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":"34-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The societies of the countries underwent many difficulties during the history of the 20th century. During World War II, in addition to the military loss of the country, there was a significant loss of civilian population. Due to the changed political circumstances after the war, the processing of these events at the individual, community, and social levels didn’t take place. The research of the MTA–SZTE Oral History and History Education Research Team (2016– 2020) focuses on how to include video interview details with people who have experienced the turning points in the Hungarian history of the 20th century and how to include them in classroom education. Concerning these the classes supplemented with a video details undergoes appropriate (subject-pedagogical) methodological preparation. In my study I examine that Hungary’s participation in the Second World War working group working within a research group how well the classes compiled, supplemented by life-course interviews, attracted the attention of the students, helped them understand the curriculum and its contexts, and what conveyed values to the students.
{"title":"A videóinterjús tanórák hatásai a II. világháború középiskolai\u0000 történelemoktatásában","authors":"Benjámin Dávid","doi":"10.14232/BELV.2020.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/BELV.2020.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The societies of the countries underwent many difficulties during the history of the 20th century. During World War II, in addition to the military loss of the country, there was a significant loss of civilian population. Due to the changed political circumstances after the war, the processing of these events at the individual, community, and social levels didn’t take place. The research of the MTA–SZTE Oral History and History Education Research Team (2016– 2020) focuses on how to include video interview details with people who have experienced the turning points in the Hungarian history of the 20th century and how to include them in classroom education. Concerning these the classes supplemented with a video details undergoes appropriate (subject-pedagogical) methodological preparation. In my study I examine that Hungary’s participation in the Second World War working group working within a research group how well the classes compiled, supplemented by life-course interviews, attracted the attention of the students, helped them understand the curriculum and its contexts, and what conveyed values to the students.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":"81-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The basis of a correct view of history is for students to critically deal with interpretations of the past for different purposes and genres. Oral history gets students involved in discovering and making history and critically evaluating the stories about the past. Sometimes they encounter conflicts and contradictions that may make them think about their previous views and encourage them to learn even more about the subject. Dealing with eyewitness testimonies make it clear that historical cognition is more than collecting of information and facts. Therefore, the using interviews in history teaching provide a good opportunity to teach and practice methods that can be usefully applied to evaluate other types of historical interpretations as well.
{"title":"A történelmi interpretáció és az oral history az oktatásban","authors":"László Kojanitz","doi":"10.14232/BELV.2020.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/BELV.2020.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The basis of a correct view of history is for students to critically deal with interpretations of the past for different purposes and genres. Oral history gets students involved in discovering and making history and critically evaluating the stories about the past. Sometimes they encounter conflicts and contradictions that may make them think about their previous views and encourage them to learn even more about the subject. Dealing with eyewitness testimonies make it clear that historical cognition is more than collecting of information and facts. Therefore, the using interviews in history teaching provide a good opportunity to teach and practice methods that can be usefully applied to evaluate other types of historical interpretations as well.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On behalf of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops’ Conference (MKKP), under the direction of the Catholic Pedagogical Institute (KAPI), since July 2018 we have been working on a series of history textbooks for high school students which also comprises the Christian values. This textbook has been designed for the new National Curriculum (NAT) and considered only organic innovations. We have kept several elements of the previous textbooks, but at the same time new novelties and perspectives have been introduced, especially in the more thematic approach of the teaching the universal history. The teacher’s handbook will be an innovation with the answers to the questions, the recommended methodological processing suggestions given to the exercises and the tasks for the graduation. All of these would be supported by digital interface. Our ambition is to support the teachers to teach easily, and help the students to learn independently.
{"title":"Tankönyvkészítés kihívásai a 21. században","authors":"Örs Kovács","doi":"10.14232/BELV.2020.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/BELV.2020.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"On behalf of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops’ Conference (MKKP), under the direction of the Catholic Pedagogical Institute (KAPI), since July 2018 we have been working on a series of history textbooks for high school students which also comprises the Christian values. This textbook has been designed for the new National Curriculum (NAT) and considered only organic innovations. We have kept several elements of the previous textbooks, but at the same time new novelties and perspectives have been introduced, especially in the more thematic approach of the teaching the universal history. The teacher’s handbook will be an innovation with the answers to the questions, the recommended methodological processing suggestions given to the exercises and the tasks for the graduation. All of these would be supported by digital interface. Our ambition is to support the teachers to teach easily, and help the students to learn independently.","PeriodicalId":30998,"journal":{"name":"Belvedere Meridionale","volume":"32 1","pages":"66-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66822613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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